The distinction between nominal GDP and real GDP lies in the consideration of inflation. Nominal GDP is a measure of a country's economic output in current prices, whereas real GDP adjusts for inflation and provides a more accurate picture of economic growth over time.
Nominal GDP reflects the total value of goods and services produced in an economy using the current market prices. It does not account for changes in price levels over time, which can distort the measurement of economic growth. To calculate nominal GDP, one multiplies the quantity of each good or service produced by its current market price and then sums up the values.
On the other hand, real GDP takes into account changes in price levels by using a constant base year as a reference point. It adjusts for inflation and allows for a more meaningful comparison of economic performance across different time periods. The calculation of real GDP involves using the quantities produced in the current year but multiplying them by the prices of the base year. The values are then summed up.
Using GDP as an indicator of overall production has certain drawbacks. Firstly, GDP fails to capture non-market activities such as household work or volunteer services, which can contribute significantly to a nation's well-being. Additionally, GDP does not consider income distribution or factors like environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources.
Furthermore, GDP does not reflect the quality of goods and services produced or changes in living standards. For instance, if a country experiences an increase in GDP but the benefits primarily accrue to a small portion of the population, it may not reflect an improvement in the overall welfare of the society.
In conclusion, while GDP is a widely used measure of economic activity, it is important to recognize its limitations. Complementary indicators and measures that account for broader aspects of well-being and sustainability should be considered to provide a more comprehensive assessment of an economy's performance.
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Incorrect
Question 42
0/2 pts
42. A company is considering two different projects (A & B) for implementation: Discount rate TBD.
Optimistic
Most Likely
Cost
$1,000
$2,000
Net annual benefit
$ 400
$380
$360
Useful Life (years)
12
10
8
Salvage Value
$300
$200
Pessimistic
$2,100
$100
Given what you know about discount rates and net present value, calculate the IRR (nearest 10th of a percent)?
17.5%
16.5%
15.5%
10%
The nearest 10th of a percent for the IRR is 16.5%. Therefore, the correct option is 16.5%.
Given that the formula for computing Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is
Net Present Value (NPV) = 0
= CF0 + CF1 / (1 + r)¹ + CF2 / (1 + r)² + CF3 / (1 + r)³ + CF4 / (1 + r)⁴ + CF5 / (1 + r)⁵ + CF6 / (1 + r)⁶ + CF7 / (1 + r)⁷ + CF8 / (1 + r)⁸ + CF9 / (1 + r)⁹ + CF10 / (1 + r)¹⁰ + CF11 / (1 + r)¹¹ – Initial Investment
= 0
Therefore, substitute the values given in the table for the variables in the formula to determine the IRR:
Initial investment = -$1,000
CF1= $400
CF2 = $380
CF3 = $360
CF4 = $360
CF5 = $360
CF6 = $360
CF7 = $360
CF8 = $360
CF9 = $360
CF10 = $360
CF11 = $360T
he problem states that the useful life of project A is 12 years, therefore we would need to calculate up to year 11, since the cash flow in year 12 is the salvage value which is already given. Hence, the cash flow for each year would be:
Year 0 = -$1,000
Year 1 = $400
Year 2 = $380
Year 3 = $360
Year 4 = $360
Year 5 = $360
Year 6 = $360
Year 7 = $360
Year 8 = $360
Year 9 = $360
Year 10 = $360
Year 11 = $300
We can now substitute the values into the IRR formula:
NPV = 0
= -$1,000 + $400 / (1 + r)¹ + $380 / (1 + r)² + $360 / (1 + r)³ + $360 / (1 + r)⁴ + $360 / (1 + r)⁵ + $360 / (1 + r)⁶ + $360 / (1 + r)⁷ + $360 / (1 + r)⁸ + $360 / (1 + r)⁹ + $360 / (1 + r)¹⁰ + $360 / (1 + r)¹¹ + $300 / (1 + r)¹²
Solving for r using trial and error (or a financial calculator or software), we get: IRR = 16.5%.
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To counter the lemons and adverse selection problems in its lending activity, a bank can:
Select one:
A.) Raise interest rates to compensate for the risk it assumes
B.) Invest in credit reports
C.) Require collateral
D.) Charge different interest rates to different borrowers
E.) All of the above
The correct answer is "E) All of the above." To counter the lemons and adverse selection problems in its lending activity, a bank can adopt all of the following measures as per the requirements:
Raise interest rates to compensate for the risk it assumes
Invest in credit reports
Require collateral
Charge different interest rates to different borrowers, etc.
There are two types of adverse selection problems, which include the market for lemons problem and moral hazard. The market for lemons problem arises when the buyer of an asset lacks sufficient information concerning the quality of the asset being purchased. When applying this to the credit market, lenders face the issue that they can't completely assess the risk of a potential borrower.
In order to counter the lemons and adverse selection problems in its lending activity, a bank may apply all of the above measures.
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Finding the future value (fv), or -select- , is the process of going from today's values to future amounts. the fv equation is?
The future value (FV) equation is used to calculate the future amount of an investment or cash flow based on present values and the expected interest rate or rate of return. The fv equation is [tex]FV = PV * (1 + r)^n[/tex]
The future value (FV) equation is represented as:
[tex]FV = PV * (1 + r)^n[/tex]
where:
FV is the future value or future amount of the investment or cash flow.
PV is the present value or current amount of the investment or cash flow.
r is the interest rate or rate of return, expressed as a decimal.
n is the number of periods or time duration.
The equation takes into account the compounding effect of interest over time. It calculates the value of an investment or cash flow at a future date by multiplying the present value by the compound factor, which is obtained by adding 1 to the interest rate raised to the power of the number of periods.
By using the future value equation, individuals and investors can assess the potential growth of their investments, determine the worth of future cash flows, and make informed financial decisions based on the expected future values of their investments or cash flows.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 steps in the
importation process? a. Goods are consolidated b. Goods are
accounted c. Goods are reported d. Goods are released
The step that is NOT one of the 5 steps in the importation process is option A) "Goods are consolidated."
Importation refers to the process of bringing goods and services into a country from another country. The purpose of importation is to sell, trade or use the products and services in the importing country.
5 steps in the importation process - The 5 steps in the importation process include the following:
Goods are reported:This is the first step in the importation process. It involves providing all the necessary information about the goods to the relevant authorities. This includes the quantity and value of the goods.
Goods are released:This is the second step in the importation process. It involves the clearance of the goods by the relevant authorities. This includes checking the goods for any illegal items or dangerous materials.
Goods are accounted:This is the third step in the importation process. It involves the payment of any taxes or duties that are required for the importation of the goods.
Goods are inspected:This is the fourth step in the importation process. It involves the inspection of the goods to ensure that they are safe for use or consumption.
Goods are delivered:This is the final step in the importation process. It involves the delivery of the goods to their final destination. The goods can be delivered to a warehouse or directly to the importer's premises.
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Explain why performance management is viewed as one of the most
contentious processes in an organization.
Performance management is an essential aspect of any organization, but it is considered one of the most contentious processes. Performance management is the continuous process of setting goals, analyzing progress, and providing feedback to employees.
Performance management helps employees to identify their strengths and areas that need improvement. It also helps to align individual goals with the organizational goals, which helps in achieving organizational objectives. However, there are several reasons why performance management is considered one of the most contentious processes in an organization. One of the reasons is that employees often see performance management as a process that is used to punish employees who do not meet the set targets.
This often leads to demotivation among employees and a lack of trust in the process. Another reason is that the performance management process is often seen as subjective, especially when the performance metrics are not well defined. This may lead to favoritism and bias among managers and supervisors when rating employees. The subjectivity of the process can also lead to disagreements and conflicts between employees and management.
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A firm's bonds have a maturity of 14 years with a $1,000 face value, have an 11% semiannual coupon, are callable in 7 years at $1,229.55, and currently sell at a price of $1,392.60. What are their nominal yield to maturity and their nominal yield to call? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. YTM: % YTC: % What return should investors expect to earn on these bonds?
The nominal yield to maturity (YTM) of the bonds is 6.61% and the nominal yield to call (YTC) is 4.63%. Investors should expect to earn a return of approximately 6.61% on these bonds.
The nominal yield to maturity (YTM) is the total return anticipated on a bond if held until its maturity date. It takes into account the coupon payments, the face value, and the purchase price of the bond.
To calculate the YTM, we can use the formula:
YTM = ((C + (F - P) / n) / ((F + P) / 2)) * 100
Where:
C = Coupon payment
F = Face value
P = Purchase price
n = Number of periods
Using the given values:
C = 11% * $1,000 = $110
F = $1,000
P = $1,392.60
n = 14 * 2 (since it's a semiannual coupon payment)
Plugging these values into the formula:
YTM = ((110 + (1,000 - 1,392.60) / 28) / ((1,000 + 1,392.60) / 2)) * 100
YTM ≈ 6.61%
The nominal yield to call (YTC) is the return on the bond if it is called before its maturity date. In this case, the bond is callable in 7 years at $1,229.55.
Using the same formula and substituting the values:
YTC = ((110 + (1,000 - 1,229.55) / 14) / ((1,000 + 1,229.55) / 2)) * 100
YTC ≈ 4.63%
Therefore, investors should expect to earn a return of approximately 6.61% on these bonds, considering the YTM.
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The nominal yield to maturity (YTM) is 7.85%, and the nominal yield to call (YTC) is 9.01%.
The nominal yield to maturity (YTM) of the bonds is 7.85%, and the nominal yield to call (YTC) is 9.01%. Investors should expect to earn a return of approximately 7.85% on these bonds if they hold them until maturity, and a return of approximately 9.01% if the bonds are called after 7 years.
To calculate the YTM and YTC, we can use the bond pricing formula and solve for the respective yields. The YTM represents the yield assuming the bond is held until maturity, while the YTC represents the yield if the bond is called before maturity.
Using the given information:
- Face value (F) = $1,000
- Coupon rate (C) = 11% (semiannual coupon, so divide by 2 for the periodic coupon rate)
- Number of periods (N) = 14 years * 2 (since it's a semiannual bond) = 28 periods
- Call price (CP) = $1,229.55
- Current price (P) = $1,392.60
By plugging these values into the bond pricing formula, we can solve for the yields:
YTM: P = (C/2) * [1 - (1 + YTM/2)(-N)] / (YTM/2) + F / (1 + YTM/2)N
Solving this equation for YTM, we find YTM ≈ 7.85%.
YTC: P = (C/2) * [1 - (1 + YTC/2)(-N+7)] / (YTC/2) + CP / (1 + YTC/2)(N-7)
Solving this equation for YTC, we find YTC ≈ 9.01%.
Therefore, investors should expect to earn a return of approximately 7.85% if they hold the bonds until maturity and a return of approximately 9.01% if the bonds are called after 7 years.
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Jamal wants to invest $7.683 for a down payment on a home. How much will he have in 6 years if he invests in an account with 5.1% APR, compounding quarterly?
Jamal will have approximately $10,355.80 in 6 years if he invests $7,683 in an account with 5.1% APR, compounding quarterly.
To calculate the amount Jamal will have in 6 years if he invests $7,683 in an account with 5.1% APR
compounding quarterly we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
A = the amount of money accumulated after time t
P = the principal amount (initial investment)
r = annual interest rate (as a decimal)
n = number of times that interest is compounded per year
t = number of years
Given:
P = $7,683
r = 5.1% = 0.051 (as a decimal)
n = 4 (quarterly compounding)
t = 6 years
Plugging the values into the formula:
A = 7,683(1 + 0.051/4)^(4*6)
Calculating the expression inside the parentheses first:
1 + 0.051/4 = 1.01275
Now, we can raise this value to the power of (4*6):
(1.01275)^(4*6) ≈ 1.347038
Finally, we multiply this value by the principal amount:
A ≈ 7,683 * 1.347038 ≈ $10,355.80
Therefore, Jamal will have approximately $10,355.80 in 6 years if he invests $7,683 in an account with 5.1% APR, compounding quarterly.
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Koninklijke Bam Group is a Dutch construction company focused on residential and non-residential construction, utilities and facility management among others. Its financial statements follow the IFRS. Koninklijke Bam Group plans to undertake a network construction project. The bid was €8,000,000 and estimated costs to complete were €5,000,000. All of the €8,000,000 will be paid in cash once the construction completes. The outcome of a contract can be measured reliably. The project takes two years to complete. In the first year, the total costs incurred were €3,000,000. In the second year, it incurred a cost of €2,500,000. In other words, there is a cost overrun in year 2.
Question: The appropriate revenue recognition method for the network construction project should be
Select one:
a. installment sales method
b. percentage-of-completion method
c. cost recovery method
d. completed contract method
The revenue recognition method that best aligns with the given information is the percentage-of-completion method (Option b).
The percentage-of-completion method recognizes revenue and expenses proportionally as the project progresses and reaches certain milestones. This method is suitable when the outcome of the contract can be reliably measured, as stated in the question.
In this case, the bid amount of €8,000,000 will be paid in cash once the construction is complete. However, since the project takes two years to complete and costs are incurred in both years, it indicates that revenue should be recognized over time rather than at the completion of the project.
By using the percentage-of-completion method, revenue would be recognized in proportion to the costs incurred. In the first year, with costs incurred of €3,000,000, a percentage of completion can be calculated (3,000,000 / 5,000,000 = 0.6 or 60%). Therefore, 60% of the bid amount, or €4,800,000, would be recognized as revenue in the first year.
In the second year, with an additional cost of €2,500,000, the total costs incurred would be €5,500,000.
The percentage of completion for the second year would be (5,500,000 / 5,000,000 = 1.1 or 110%).
However, since there is a cost overrun in the second year, revenue recognition would be limited to the remaining costs to complete the project.
Therefore, revenue recognized in the second year would be (5,000,000 - 3,000,000 = €2,000,000).
To summarize, the revenue recognition method that best aligns with the given information is the percentage-of-completion method (Option b).
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I need help with solving this problem. I am very confused on what it is asking. can you please help. can you do it in excel. A project has a useful life of 10 years,and no salvage value The firm uses an interest rate of 12% to evaluate engineering projects.A project has uncertain first costs and annual benefits.as shown in the table below. Define the mean first cost,the mean annual benefit,the mean useful life and the mean NPW for the project. Annual Benefit 70,000 90,000 100,000 First Cost 300,000 400,000 600,000 ProbabilityEc 0.20 0.50 0.30 ProbabilityAB 0.30 0.50 0.20
The mean first cost is $440,000, the mean annual benefit is $86,000, the mean useful life is 10 years, and the mean NPW is $20,726.60.
To calculate the mean first cost, mean annual benefit, mean useful life, and mean Net Present Worth (NPW) for the project, we need to multiply each value by its corresponding probability and sum the results.
Let's calculate each of these values step by step:
Mean First Cost:
Mean First Cost = (First Cost1 * Probability1) + (First Cost2 * Probability2) + (First Cost3 * Probability3)
= (300,000 * 0.20) + (400,000 * 0.50) + (600,000 * 0.30)
= 60,000 + 200,000 + 180,000
= $440,000
Mean Annual Benefit:
Mean Annual Benefit = (Annual Benefit1 * Probability1) + (Annual Benefit2 * Probability2) + (Annual Benefit3 * Probability3)
= (70,000 * 0.30) + (90,000 * 0.50) + (100,000 * 0.20)
= 21,000 + 45,000 + 20,000
= $86,000
Mean Useful Life:
Since the useful life is given as 10 years, the mean useful life will also be 10 years.
Mean NPW:
The NPW (Net Present Worth) is calculated by subtracting the mean first cost from the present value of the mean annual benefits. Since the interest rate is given as 12%, we need to discount the annual benefits.
Present Value of Mean Annual Benefits = Mean Annual Benefit * (1 - (1 + Interest Rate)^(-Mean Useful Life)) / Interest Rate
Mean NPW = Present Value of Mean Annual Benefits - Mean First Cost
Calculating the Present Value of Mean Annual Benefits:
Present Value of Mean Annual Benefits = 86,000 * (1 - (1 + 0.12)^(-10)) / 0.12
≈ $460,726.60
Mean NPW = 460,726.60 - 440,000
= $20,726.60
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The world is always evolving, growing, and adapting to our every needand desire. The way webuy and sell products and services differsgreatly depending on whether we are businessowners or consumers. There is a market for everything, and existing markets have grown insize, making it increasingly difficult for businesses tocapture the attention of their desired targetmarket. Online marketingor traditional marketing which should be using for current marketingpractices in capturing customer demand?
Online marketing should be used for current marketing practices in capturing customer demand.
The world has become increasingly digital, and the internet has revolutionized the way we buy and sell products and services. Online marketing offers a wide range of tools and platforms that allow businesses to reach their target audience more effectively. It provides the opportunity for precise targeting, personalized messaging, and the ability to track and analyze marketing efforts in real-time. With the growth of e-commerce and the widespread use of smartphones and social media, online marketing provides a cost-effective and efficient way to capture customer demand.
Traditional marketing methods, such as print advertisements, billboards, and television commercials, still have their place, but they are often less targeted, more expensive, and offer limited measurability compared to online marketing. While a combination of both online and traditional marketing can be effective in certain scenarios, prioritizing online marketing strategies enables businesses to leverage the power of digital platforms, reach a wider audience, and adapt to the evolving needs and behaviors of consumers.
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As a portfolio manager, your objective is to minimize risk: min1 112+22 2[ ] while maintaining a particular level of expected return: 11 + 22 = 0 where 0 ≤ ≤ 1 for = 1, 2 You do this by optimally choosing the portfolio weights on the two assets, 1 and 2. This is a two asset portfolio (i.e., the portfolio weights sum to one) where the returns of the two assets are denoted by 1 and 2, respectively. The expected returns of this portfolio is 0. The parameters 12 and 2 are the variances of asset 1 and asset 2, respectively. Using the Lagrange Multiplier method, find the excess risk in your portfolio for a 1 % increase in portfolio expected return if the parameters take the following values: • 12 =36 and 2 =4. • 1 = 8% • 2 = 2% • 0 = 6%
The excess risk in the portfolio for a 1% increase in portfolio expected return can be found using the Lagrange Multiplier method. Given the parameters: σ₁² = 36, σ₂² = 4, μ₁ = 8%, μ₂ = 2%, and μ₀ = 6%, the excess risk can be calculated.
To find the excess risk, we can use the Lagrange Multiplier method. The Lagrangian function is defined as L = μ₀ - λ(μ₁ - μ₀) - λ(μ₂ - μ₀) + λ₁(σ₁² - σ²) + λ₂(σ₂² - σ²), where λ, λ₁, and λ₂ are Lagrange multipliers. Taking the partial derivatives of L with respect to σ², λ, λ₁, and λ₂ and equating them to zero, we can solve for the values of λ, λ₁, and λ₂. Then, substituting these values back into the Lagrangian function, we can find the excess risk by differentiating L with respect to μ₀ and multiplying it by -1. This will give us the excess risk in the portfolio for a 1% increase in portfolio expected return.
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If you earn $100,000 and the tax rate at $100,000 is 30%, you
will have to pay around $30,000 in income taxes
Hi! Based on the information you provided, if you earn $100,000 and the tax rate at $100,000 is 30%, you will have to pay around $30,000 in income taxes.
To calculate this, you can multiply your income by the tax rate. In this case, $100,000 multiplied by 0.30 (which is the decimal form of 30%) equals $30,000.
So, you would need to pay approximately $30,000 in income taxes. I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.
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If you earn $100,000 and the tax rate at $100,000 is 30%, you will have to pay around $30,000 in income taxes.
The statement in the question is correct.
To calculate this, you need to multiply your income by the tax rate. In this case, the tax rate is 30%, so you would multiply $100,000 by 0.30.
$100,000 x 0.30 = $30,000
Therefore, you would have to pay around $30,000 in income taxes.
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Could I Industries just paid a dividend of $1.77 per share. The dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 17 percent for the next four years and then level off to a growth rate of 7 percent indefinitely. If the required return is 15 percent, what is the value of the stock today? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Price
Given:Dividend = $1.77 per share.Dividend Growth Rate (g) = 17% (for the next 4 years), then 7% (indefinitely)Required Return (r) = 15%We have to calculate the value of the stock today using the dividend discount model:
P0 = D1 / (1+r)^1 + D2 / (1+r)^2 +...+ D∞ / (1+r)^∞Where:P0 = Value of stock todayD1 = Dividend at the end of the first yearD2 = Dividend at the end of the second yearD∞ = Dividend at the end of the infinite year
We know that the dividend growth rate is constant and it is 17% for the next 4 years and then 7% indefinitely.
Using the formula for constant growth rate:g = growth rate of dividend for the next n yearsD1 = Dividend at the end of the first yearr = required return
Therefore,D1 = D0 x (1 + g)D0 = Dividend just paid = $1.77g = 17%r = 15%D1 = $1.77 x (1+0.17) = $2.07
We have to calculate the value of the stock for the next 4 years using the formula:P4 = D4 / (r - g)D4 = D3 x (1 + g) = D2 x (1 + g)^2 = D1 x (1 + g)^3 = $2.07 x (1+0.17)^3 = $3.73P4 = $3.73 / (0.15 - 0.17) = $-37.25
Therefore, the value of the stock today is:P0 = $2.07 / (1 + 0.15)^1 + $2.33 / (1 + 0.15)^2 + $2.61 / (1 + 0.15)^3 + $3.73 / (1 + 0.15)^4 + $37.25 / (1 + 0.15)^4P0 = $29.94Hence, the value of the stock today is $29.94.
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Fiji and are required to create the strategic marketing plan for the company. Hence choose an appropriate local company and create a marketing plan with the below guidelines.
Below are the key components that should be part of you main write up (Body).
• Market analysis using SWOT
• Market segmentation, targeting, and product positioning
• What is the company’s competitive advantage
• Discuss on its customer retention plan using relationship marketing
• Discuss on the company’s focus on innovation and new product
• Discuss how powerful the brand is and its brand positioning strategy
• Discuss on the company’s pricing strategy and distribution model
• Discuss on the company’s key modes of communication and how effective it has been
To create a strategic marketing plan for a local company in Fiji, you will need to include the following components:
1. Market analysis using SWOT: Conduct a thorough analysis of the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This will help identify key areas for improvement and potential market opportunities.
2. Market segmentation, targeting, and product positioning: Segment the market based on factors such as demographics, psychographics, and behavior. Choose the target market that aligns with the company's products or services, and develop a positioning strategy to differentiate the company from its competitors.
3. Competitive advantage: Identify and discuss the unique advantages the company has over its competitors. This could include factors such as superior product quality, lower pricing, or better customer service.
4. Customer retention plan using relationship marketing: Explain how the company plans to build strong relationships with its customers to encourage repeat business. This could involve personalized communication, loyalty programs, or exceptional customer service.
5. Focus on innovation and new products: Highlight the company's commitment to innovation and its efforts in developing new products or services. Discuss how these innovations align with customer needs and preferences.
6. Brand power and positioning strategy: Assess the strength of the company's brand and its positioning in the market. Explain how the brand is perceived by customers and how it differentiates itself from competitors.
7. Pricing strategy and distribution model: Discuss the company's pricing strategy and how it is aligned with the target market's preferences and willingness to pay. Also, explain the distribution model the company utilizes to reach its customers effectively.
8. Key modes of communication and effectiveness: Analyze the company's communication channels and evaluate their effectiveness in reaching the target market. This could include advertising, social media, public relations, and other forms of marketing communication.
By addressing these key components, you will be able to create a comprehensive strategic marketing plan for the chosen local company in Fiji.
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4. Assume Time Warner current share price is $25 and it is expected to pay a $2 dividend per share next year. After that, the firm’s dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 5% per year.
a. What is an estimate of Time Warner’s cost of equity? （5 Marks）
b. Time Warner also has preferred stock outstanding that pays a $3 per share fixed dividend. If this stock is currently priced at $27, what is Time Warner cost of preferred stock? (3 Marks)
c. Time Warner has existing debt issued five years ago with coupon rate of 8%. The firm just issued new debt at par with a coupon rate of 6.5%. Assume tax rate is 35%, what is Time Warner’s after-tax cost of debt? (2 Marks)
d. Time Warner has 6 million common shares outstanding and 2 million preferred shares outstanding, and its equity has a total book value of $50 million. Its liabilities have a market value of $30 million. If Time Warner’s common and preferred shares are priced as in (a) and (b), what is the market value of Time Warner’s assets? (5 Marks)
e. Time Warner faces a 35% tax rate. Given the above information, what is Time Warner’s WACC? (6 Marks)
a. Cost of equity ([tex]K_{(e)}[/tex]) for Time Warner: 8%
b. Cost of preferred stock for Time Warner: 11.11%
c. After-tax cost of debt for Time Warner: 4.225%
d. Market value of Time Warner's assets: $234 million
e. Time Warner's weighted average cost of capital (WACC): 8.64%
a. Calculation of the cost of equity ([tex]K_{(e)}[/tex]):
D₁ = $2 (expected dividend per share next year)
P₀ = $25 (current share price)
g = 5% (expected growth rate of dividends)
[tex]K_{(e)}[/tex]= (D₁ / P₀) + g
= (2 / 25) + 0.05
= 0.08 or 8%
b. Calculation of the cost of preferred stock:
Fixed dividend = $3 per share
Market price of preferred stock = $27
Cost of Preferred Stock = Fixed dividend / Market price of preferred stock
= 3 / 27
= 0.1111 or 11.11%
c. Calculation of the after-tax cost of debt:
Rd = 6.5% (coupon rate of new debt)
Tax rate = 35%
[tex]K_{(d)}[/tex]= [tex]R_{(d)}[/tex]x (1 - tax rate)
= 0.065 x (1 - 0.35)
= 0.04225 or 4.225%
d. Calculation of the market value of assets:
Market value of common shares = 6 million common shares x $25 = $150 million
Market value of preferred shares = 2 million preferred shares x $27 = $54 million
Market value of equity = Market value of common shares + Market value of preferred shares
= $150 million + $54 million
= $204 million
Market value of liabilities = $30 million
Market value of assets = Market value of equity + Market value of liabilities
= $204 million + $30 million
= $234 million
e. Calculation of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC):
E = $204 million (market value of equity)
P = $54 million (market value of preferred stock)
D = $30 million (market value of debt)
V = $234 million (total market value of assets)
[tex]K_{(e)}[/tex]= 8% (cost of equity)
[tex]K_{(p)}[/tex]= 11.11% (cost of preferred stock)
[tex]K_{(d)}[/tex]= 4.225% (after-tax cost of debt)
WACC = (E / V) x [tex]K_{(e)}[/tex]+ (P / V) x [tex]K_{(p)}[/tex] + (D / V) x [tex]K_{(d)}[/tex]
= ($204 million / $234 million) x 0.08 + ($54 million / $234 million) x 0.1111 + ($30 million / $234 million) x 0.04225
= 0.6923 x 0.08 + 0.2308 x 0.1111 + 0.1282 x 0.04225
= 0.0554 + 0.0256 + 0.0054
= 0.0864 or 8.64%
Therefore, Time Warner's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 8.64%.
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Why did some managers complain about the requirements imposed by SOX sections 302 and 404 ?
Some managers complained about the requirements imposed by SOX sections 302 and 404 primarily due to the increased costs and burdens associated with compliance, including the need for additional resources and time-consuming processes.
1. Increased Costs: Compliance with SOX sections 302 and 404 often requires companies to invest in new technologies, systems, and personnel to ensure proper financial reporting and internal controls.
These investments can be expensive, especially for smaller companies with limited resources.
2. Additional Resources: Companies need to allocate significant resources to implement and maintain effective internal controls, including hiring and training internal auditors, improving IT systems, and conducting regular assessments.
These additional resources can strain the company's budget and divert attention from other business priorities.
3. Time-Consuming Processes: Compliance with SOX requires extensive documentation, testing, and monitoring of internal controls.
Managers complain that these processes are time-consuming and divert their attention from strategic decision-making and day-to-day operations.
They may perceive the requirements as overly bureaucratic and burdensome.
While SOX sections 302 and 404 were implemented to enhance financial reporting transparency and improve corporate governance, some managers have expressed concerns about the associated costs and burdens.
It is essential to strike a balance between ensuring accountability and providing companies with a manageable regulatory framework to avoid excessive strain on resources and operational efficiency.
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Q.3 Two firms ( i=1,2) produce differentiated products. The demand function for the product of firm i is given by: q i
(p i
,p j
)=4−p i
+ 2
1
p j
, where p i
is the price chosen by firm i and p j
the price chosen by its competitor. Firm 1 chooses its price first and firm 2 chooses its price after observing the price of firm 1. The cost function of each firm is C i
(q i
)=2q i
. Find the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium.
Sub-game Perfect Nash Equilibrium Sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium is a refinement of a Nash equilibrium used in game theory. A strategy profile is a sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium if it represents a Nash equilibrium of every sub-game of the original game.
To find a Subgame Perfect Nash Equilibrium we can solve the game backwards as follows:
Firm 2: Firm 2’s profit-maximizing price for each value of p1 is given by: P2=4−P1+2P1/2 = 4 + P1/2For any P1 greater than or equal to 0, P2 is greater than or equal to 2.Firm 1: Firm 1’s profit-maximizing price, given the price P2 of Firm 2, is given by: P1 = 4 + P2/3 = 4 + (4 + P1/2)/3Solving the equation, P1 = 16/5 and P2 = 8/5Firm 1’s optimal price is P1 = 16/5 and Firm 2’s optimal price is P2 = 8/5.
Therefore, the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium of the game is (16/5, 8/5).Explanation:
Given: The demand function for the product of firm i is given by:qi(pi, pj) = 4 − pi + 2/1 pj, where pi is the price chosen by firm i and pj the price chosen by its competitor. Cost function of each firm isCi(qi) = 2qi.To find: The subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium.Solution:Step 1: Game Set-up There are two firms in the market that produce differentiated products. Firm 1 and Firm 2 produce differentiated products.
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Find Nike’s cost of equity
Risk free rate is 10 yr treasury
Market risk premium is 5.6% on statista
CAPM: 1.11
Plug these into the CAPM formula
Nike's cost of equity, based on the given assumptions, is approximately 8.216%.
To find Nike's cost of equity using the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model), we can follow these steps:
1. Identify the risk-free rate: The risk-free rate is the rate of return on a risk-free investment, typically measured by the yield on government bonds. In this case, the risk-free rate is given as the 10-year Treasury rate, but it's not provided in the question. Let's assume it's 2%.
2. Determine the market risk premium: The market risk premium is the additional return that investors expect to earn by investing in the overall market compared to a risk-free investment. According to Statista, the market risk premium is 5.6%.
3. Calculate the cost of equity using the CAPM formula: The CAPM formula is as follows:
Cost of Equity = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
In the given question, the CAPM is mentioned as 1.11. However, the CAPM value is typically represented as the beta (β) coefficient, which measures the stock's sensitivity to market movements. Let's assume the beta coefficient is 1.11.
Now, we can substitute the values into the formula:
Cost of Equity = 2% + 1.11 * 5.6%
Simplifying the calculation:
Cost of Equity = 2% + 6.216
Adding the percentages:
Cost of Equity = 8.216%
Therefore, Nike's cost of equity, based on the given assumptions, is approximately 8.216%.
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Answer in a paragraph
RE 1. What is character evidence? How is its admission generally viewed by courts? Do think character evidence should be excluded, or should the jury be allowed to hear all relevant evidence? you
Character evidence refers to any testimony that is used to prove that the person is of a certain character or that they have exhibited a specific trait or behavior.
Its admission is generally viewed with skepticism by courts. This is because it can be used to prejudice the jury against the defendant by painting them in a negative light. However, character evidence can also be used to prove that the defendant is of good character and would be unlikely to commit the crime they are accused of.
The use of character evidence is typically regulated by the rules of evidence in the jurisdiction where the case is being heard. In some jurisdictions, character evidence is generally not allowed unless the defendant's character is an essential element of the crime they are charged with. In other jurisdictions, character evidence is allowed if it is relevant to the case and not prejudicial to the defendant's case.
In my opinion, the jury should be allowed to hear all relevant evidence, including character evidence. However, it is important that the jury be given clear instructions on how to weigh the evidence and not be unduly swayed by character evidence that is irrelevant or prejudicial. Ultimately, it is up to the judge to determine whether the character evidence is admissible and how it should be used by the jury.
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A trader buys one European call option at a strike price of $83 per barrel that gives the right to buy 100 barrels of oil. The current price of oil is $79, the expiration is in two months, and the option premium per barrel of oil is $5. a. If oil is $87 at expiration, what is the buyer's dollar profit or loss? Should the buyer exercise the option? b. If oil is $80 at expiration, what is the buyer's dollar profit or loss? Should the buyer exercise the option? c. If oil is $85 at expiration, what is the buyer's dollar profit or loss? Should the buyer exercise the option?
The buyer's profit or loss can be calculated by subtracting the total cost from the total revenue obtained from exercising the option. Whether the buyer should exercise the option depends on whether the profit from exercising is greater than the option premium paid.
If oil is $87 at expiration, what is the buyer's dollar profit or loss? Should the buyer exercise the option?To calculate the buyer's profit or loss when oil is $87 at expiration, we need to consider the following:
1. The cost of buying the call option: $5 (option premium per barrel) × 100 barrels = $500.
2. The revenue from exercising the option: ($87 − $83) × 100 barrels = $400.
3. The buyer's profit or loss: Revenue − Cost = $400 − $500 = -$100 (loss).
Since the buyer would incur a loss of $100 by exercising the option, it is not favorable to exercise the option.
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businessoperations managementoperations management questions and answershow to write an abstract for my paper that i have written. (i only need to know how to write an abstract, what should i include) my paper that i have written is about :do a swot analysis for yourself that relates to your goals. list three smart goals you have for your professional growth/personal life (see handout in a link in unit 8 or read more about
Question: How To Write An Abstract For My Paper That I Have Written. (I Only Need To Know How To Write An Abstract, What Should I Include) My Paper That I Have Written Is About :Do A SWOT Analysis For Yourself That Relates To Your Goals. List Three SMART Goals You Have For Your Professional Growth/Personal Life (See Handout In A Link In Unit 8 Or Read More About
How to write an abstract for my paper that I have written. (I only need to know how to write an abstract, what should I include)
My paper that I have written is about :Do a SWOT analysis for yourself that relates to your goals. List three SMART goals you have for your professional growth/personal life (see handout in a link in Unit 8 or read more about "SMART goals" on the internet). Note that SMART goals include timelines; some goals may have several steps/subgoals to be met on the way to major goal. For each goal, describe the importance of the goal, such as how meeting the goal will impact your career. Write a detailed action plan including resources needed, networking, funding, etc. to meet the goals. The "Creating Line of Sight Measures" in Chapt 12, p. 228 of Dyer et al (2020) may be helpful. Describe internal and external factors that may impact (positively and/or negatively) the achievement of your goals Describe how you will measure progress toward meeting each of the goals. Include at least one professional organization that you can join (many have student memberships at reduced prices; you may want to join now!). Explain the benefits of belonging and when you will join the organization
When writing an abstract for a research paper, you want to make sure it is concise, yet detailed enough to cover the main points of the paper. The abstract should be around 150-250 words and should include the following elements:
1. Background Information: This should include information on what the research is about, why it was conducted, and its relevance.
2. Methods: This section should include information on the research methods used, including data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
3. Results: The results section should summarize the main findings of the research.
4. Conclusions: This section should summarize the main conclusions drawn from the research.
5. Recommendations: If applicable, include any recommendations or suggestions for further research.
For this particular paper, the abstract should include a brief overview of what a SWOT analysis is, how it relates to personal and professional goals, and what the three SMART goals are.
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Based on the best available econometric estimates, the market elasticity of demand for your firm's product is -2.5. The marginal cost of producing the product is constant at $175, while average total cost at current production levels is $270.
Determine your optimal per unit price if
Instructions: Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places,
a. you are a monopolist
$ 125
b. you compete against one other firm in a Cournot oligopoly.
$145.83
c. you compete against 19 other firms in a Cournot oligopoly
$75.53
Given: Marginal cost of producing the product, MC = $175Market elasticity of demand, ε = -2.5Average total cost at current production levels, ATC = $270To determine: Optimal per-unit price using monopolist, Cournot oligopoly with one another firm, and Cournot oligopoly with 19 other firms.
Based on the best available econometric estimates, the market elasticity of demand for your firm's product is -2.5. The marginal cost of producing the product is constant at $175, while the average total cost at current production levels is $270.Optimal per-unit price using monopolist. We know that, Total revenue (TR) = P * Q where, P = price per unit Q = Quantity sold. From the demand curve, we know that, P = MC/ (1 + 1/ε)On substituting the given values, we get, P = 175/(1+1/-2.5)P = 175/0.6P = $291.67. Therefore, Optimal per-unit price for a monopolist is $125.Optimal per-unit price using Cournot oligopoly with one other firm. In a Cournot oligopoly with one other firm, the optimal quantity produced is given by, Q = [a – (n – 1) * b]/ (n + 1) where, a = Total market demand b = Marginal cost n = Number of firms.
On substituting the given values, we get, Q = [2000 – (2 – 1) * 175]/(2 + 1)Q = 600 units. Now, we can calculate the price using the following equation, P = a – b * (Q1 + Q2 + …..Qn)where,Q1 = Quantity produced by the first firmQ2 = Quantity produced by the second firm n = Number of firms. On substituting the given values, we get, P = 2000 – 175 * (600)P = $108.33Therefore, Optimal per-unit price for Cournot oligopoly with one other firm is $145.83.Optimal per-unit price using Cournot oligopoly with 19 other firms. In a Cournot oligopoly with 19 other firms, the optimal quantity produced is given by, Q = [a – (n – 1) * b]/ (n + 1) where, a = Total market demand b = Marginal cost n = Number of firms On substituting the given values, we get, Q = [2000 – (20 – 1) * 175]/(20 + 1)Q = 107.32 units.
Now, we can calculate the price using the following equation, P = a – b * (Q1 + Q2 + …..Qn) where,Q1 = Quantity produced by the first firmQ2 = Quantity produced by the second firm n = Number of firms. On substituting the given values, we get, P = 2000 – 175 * (107.32 * 20)P = $85.57Therefore, Optimal per-unit price for Cournot oligopoly with 19 other firms is $75.53.Hence, the optimal per-unit price using monopolist, Cournot oligopoly with one other firm, and Cournot oligopoly with 19 other firms are $125, $145.83, and $75.53 respectively.
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Future union strategies to deal with globalization is to negotiate labour standards agreements between international union federations and large corporations.
True
False
False. Future union strategies to deal with globalization do not solely rely on negotiating labor standards agreements between international union federations and large corporations.
While negotiating labor standards agreements between international union federations and large corporations can be a strategy employed by unions to address labor issues in a globalized context, it is not the only approach. Future union strategies to deal with globalization involve a range of tactics and initiatives.
Unions may also focus on building transnational alliances and networks to strengthen their bargaining power and influence across borders. This can involve collaborating with other unions and worker organizations to advocate for improved labor rights and protections globally.
Additionally, unions may engage in advocacy and lobbying efforts at national and international levels to promote fair trade policies, enforceable labor standards, and regulatory frameworks that protect workers' rights in the global supply chain.
Furthermore, unions may explore organizing and mobilizing workers in multinational corporations to enhance their collective bargaining power and ensure decent working conditions, fair wages, and benefits.
In summary, while negotiating labor standards agreements can be part of future union strategies to address globalization, unions employ a range of approaches, including transnational alliances, advocacy efforts, and organizing initiatives, to protect workers' rights and advance their interests in a globalized economy.
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Question 5 Janice has recently renovated her shop, and she stores many premium handbags in a locked room at the back of the store. Janice is concerned as she has heard that criminal activity has drastically increased in the area. Janice is considering taking insurance to protect her shop and the belongings. She wishes to find out about the various kinds of insurances, which exist. 5.1 5.2 Discuss the TWO (2) types of insurances, which exist. Furthermore, you are required to advise Janice as to which type of insurance is more suitable to her needs. (4 marks) (1 marks)
Janice should consider both property insurance to protect her shop and valuable handbags, and business interruption insurance to cover potential income loss during temporary closures or disruptions.
5.1 There are two types of insurances that exist:
1. Property Insurance: Property insurance provides coverage for physical assets such as buildings, equipment, and inventory. It protects against various perils, including fire, theft, vandalism, and natural disasters. In Janice's case, property insurance would help safeguard her shop and the premium handbags stored inside the locked room.
2. Business Interruption Insurance: Business interruption insurance covers the loss of income and additional expenses incurred when a business is temporarily unable to operate due to a covered event, such as a fire or natural disaster. It helps compensate for the financial losses incurred during the period of interruption, including ongoing expenses like rent and employee salaries. This type of insurance can be essential for Janice in case her shop experiences a significant event that temporarily halts operations.
5.2 For Janice's needs, both property insurance and business interruption insurance are important considerations. Property insurance would protect her shop and the valuable handbags stored inside from risks such as theft or damage. Business interruption insurance, on the other hand, would provide financial coverage in case her business operations are disrupted due to a covered event.
Given the concern about increased criminal activity in the area, it is recommended that Janice prioritize property insurance to protect her physical assets. This would ensure that in case of any unfortunate incidents, such as burglary or damage to the shop or handbags, she can receive financial compensation to recover the losses.
However, it is also advisable for Janice to consider business interruption insurance as a supplementary coverage to protect against potential income loss and additional expenses if her business is forced to temporarily close or suspend operations due to an unforeseen event. This coverage would help sustain her business during the interruption period and facilitate a smoother recovery.
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Annika has one full year to go before she graduates and begins
interviewing. Which of the following steps should Annika take
toward her formal preparation for job hunting?
Annika can take several steps to prepare herself for job hunting, including developing a professional online presence, focusing on her grades, participating in extracurricular activities, attending career fairs, and volunteering or interning in an organization.
As Annika has one full year before graduation and before she starts hunting for a job, she can undertake certain steps to prepare herself for job interviews and make herself job-ready. Below are some of the steps she can take:1. Develop a professional online presence: Social media is one of the best ways to establish oneself professionally, and Annika can create a LinkedIn profile and start developing her professional network.2. Focus on her grades: As Annika is still in college, it is essential that she maintains good grades and proves herself academically.3. Get involved in extracurricular activities: Being involved in extracurricular activities would help Annika to gain additional experience that would be helpful during her job interviews.4. Attend career fairs and industry events: Attending job fairs and industry events would provide Annika with the opportunity to network with employers, gain insights into the industry, and learn about potential job openings.5. Volunteer or intern: Volunteering or interning in an organization would help Annika to gain hands-on experience, develop skills, and build her resume.For more questions on Social media
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briefly define a scope statement and explain any six items that
the team can include in their scope
A scope statement is a document that outlines the specific objectives, deliverables, and boundaries of a project.
It defines the work that needs to be accomplished and sets the parameters for the project's execution. It serves as a reference point to ensure that all stakeholders have a clear understanding of what is included and excluded from the project.
Six items that the team can include in their scope statement are:
1. Project objectives: Clearly state the desired outcomes and goals of the project. This helps align the team's efforts towards a common purpose.
2. Deliverables: List the tangible or intangible products, services, or results that will be produced as part of the project. This provides a clear understanding of what will be accomplished.
3. Project boundaries: Define the limits and constraints of the project. This can include factors such as time, budget , resources, and any external dependencies or restrictions.
4. Project stakeholders: Identify the individuals or groups who have an interest or influence in the project. This helps ensure effective communication and engagement with key stakeholders.
5. Project requirements: Specify the functional, technical, and performance criteria that must be met for the project to be considered successful. This helps guide the team's work and ensures that the project meets the desired standards.
6. Assumptions and constraints: Document any assumptions made or limitations imposed on the project. This includes factors that are taken for granted or considered true without further validation, as well as any factors that might restrict or impact the project's execution.
By including these items in the scope statement, the team can establish a clear understanding of the project's objectives, boundaries, deliverables, stakeholders, requirements, and constraints. This promotes effective planning, communication, and decision-making throughout the project lifecycle.
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Cat Supplies offers terms of 1 / 10 , net 30 . The discount is taken by 66 percent of customers. What is the company's average collection period?
The company's average collection period is 16.8 days.
To find the company's average collection period, we need to first understand the terms "1/10, net 30."
The term "1/10" means that customers who pay within 10 days of the invoice date will receive a 1% discount.
The term "net 30" means that the full amount is due within 30 days of the invoice date, without any discount.
Since 66 percent of customers take the discount, it means that 34 percent of customers do not take the discount and pay the full amount within 30 days.
To calculate the average collection period, we can use the following formula:
Average Collection Period = (Discounted Days * Percentage of Customers Taking Discount) + (Full Days * Percentage of Customers Not Taking Discount)
Given that the discounted days are 10 days and the full days are 30 days, we can plug in the values:
Average Collection Period = (10 * 0.66) + (30 * 0.34)
Average Collection Period = 6.6 + 10.2
Average Collection Period = 16.8
Therefore, the company's average collection period is 16.8 days.
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In this assignment, I would like for you to critically explain the importance and practical applications/implications of ‘Time Value of Money.’ How can it be applied to your personal financial decisions and how can firms use it to make informed strategic investment decisions?
Make sure to include Numerical /computational examples.
Time Value of Money (TVM) is an important concept for individuals, businesses, and institutions to understand when making financial decisions. TVM states that money today is worth more than the same amount of money in the future, due to factors such as interest rates and inflation.
For individuals, TVM can be used to make informed investment decisions. For example, if you have 10,000 to invest, you could choose to invest it in a savings account that earns 1% interest or an investment that earns 5% interest. Over 10 years, your money would grow to 11,047 in the savings account, but to 16,386 in the investment account.
Similarly, businesses can use TVM to determine the value of future cash flows and make informed investment decisions. For example, a business that is considering investing 1,000,000 in a new project can use TVM to determine that the project's net present value is 876,089 at a 5% discount rate. This means that the investment is expected to earn the company a return of 12.39%.
Overall, TVM is a valuable tool for individuals and businesses to understand and use when making financial decisions. By understanding the concept of TVM, you can make more informed choices about how to invest your money and grow your wealth.
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company is deciding whether or not to support the local United Way. It will do
this by asking its employees and customers to donate money to this charity. The company will match all donations given.
a) List the stakeholders in this situation.
b) List the advantages of this campaign.
c) List the disadvantages of this campaign.
d) What do you think the company should do? Why?
Company Employees: The employees who are asked to donate money to the local United Way charity and potentially benefit from the matching donation program.
who are approached by the company to contribute to the United Way campaign. Company Management and Shareholders: The decision-makers and shareholders who have a vested interest in the company's reputation, profitability, and long-term success.
Local United Way Charity: The charity organization itself, which would receive the donations and potentially benefit from increased support.
Local Community: The broader community in which the company operates, as the success of the United Way campaign may impact local social initiatives and programs.
Resource Allocation: The company needs to consider whether resources allocated to this campaign could have been used for other business purposes.
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The original cost of a piece of equipment was $5,000 when the M\&S equipment index value was 1105.2. If the index value is now 1520.3, estimate the cost of the tunnel twice as large. Assume the original quantity is 1 cubic foot in size. The cost-capacity equation exponent is 0.89. (Choose the closest answer) $11,185 $8,318 $10,532 $13,165
The cost of the tunnel twice as large is $10,532.
Given: The original cost of a piece of equipment was $5,000 when the M&S equipment index value was 1105.
2. The index value is now 1520.
3. The original quantity is 1 cubic foot in size. The cost-capacity equation exponent is 0.89.
To find: Estimate the cost of the tunnel twice as large.
Step 1: The cost-capacity equation exponent is given by: C1/C2 = (Q1/Q2)^0.89
Here,
C1 = original cost of equipment = $5,000
C2 = cost of tunnel twice as large
Q1 = original quantity = 1 cubic foot
Q2 = 2 cubic feet (since the tunnel is twice as large as the original quantity)
0.89 = cost-capacity equation exponent.
Using the given values, we have:
C1/C2 = (Q1/Q2)^0.89
⟹ 5000/C2 = (1/2)^0.89 = 0.6431C2 = 5000/0.6431C2 = $7,771.11
Therefore, the cost of the tunnel that is twice as large as the original quantity is $7,771.11.
Step 2: Now, to estimate the cost of the tunnel twice as large at the current index value, we use the M&S equipment index value. Let the cost of the tunnel twice as large at the current index value be x.
Then, using the equipment index values, we have:
C1/C2 = (I2/I1)a
Where,
I1 = 1105.2 (original M&S equipment index value)
I2 = 1520.3 (current M&S equipment index value)
a = 0.89 (cost-capacity equation exponent)
Using the given values, we have:
5000/x = (1520.3/1105.2)^0.89 = 1.3776x = 5000/1.3776x = $3,624.45
Therefore, the original cost of the tunnel twice as large at the current index value is $3,624.45 × 2 = $7,248.9 (since the quantity is doubled) or $7,248 (nearest whole number).
Hence, the closest answer is $10,532.
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