This diagram shows a hypothetical capillary where the blood pressure exceeds the osmotic pressure over the length of the capillary. In other capillaries, the blood pressure may be lower than the osmotic pressure along all or part of the capillary.
What is capillary exchange?Capillary exchange describes the transfer of substances from the blood into the capillary's tissues. The passage of chemicals from the blood into the capillary's tissues is referred to as capillary exchange. Diffusion, transcytosis, and bulk flow are the three mechanisms that promote capillary exchange. Three mechanisms—diffusion, transcytosis, and bulk flow—encourage capillary exchange. Exchange Mechanisms in Capillaries the most common process, diffusion, permits tiny molecules to pass through capillaries, including glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the tissues, as well as from the tissues into the blood. Because the interstitium and blood have different gradients, molecules move from highly concentrated regions to low-concentrated ones throughout this process. Large, lipid-insoluble molecules pass capillary membranes via a process called transcytosis. The osmotic pressure imposed by the plasma or the proteins in interstitial fluid is known as oncotic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure, also referred to as fluid pressure, is the result of fluid, such as blood plasma or interstitial fluid, pressing against the capillary walls. The net flow of fluid across the capillary membrane is controlled by the net filtration pressure, which is the equilibrium of the four Starling forces. Because of the pressure of the blood in the capillaries, which promotes a net flow of fluid from the blood vessels into the interstitium, blood hydrostatic pressure is higher than the hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid.
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why did the example of a reef fish community on the great barrier reef of australia best fit the lottery model of species diversity?
The example of a reef fish community on the great barrier reef of Australia best fit the lottery model of species diversity because the most productive and diverse ecology in the ocean is found on coral reefs. They can only be found in tropical seas with the right salinity, temperature, and sedimentation. Reefs may occur as small fringing reefs lining a continental coast, as large offshore barrier reefs, or as a chain of atolls that support entire nations.
What type of diversity is Australia great barrier reef?
More than 410 types of hard coral, 1,620 species of fish, 2,000 species of sponges, 14 species of sea snakes, six of the seven marine turtle species in the world, at least 300 mollusc species, 630 species of echinoderm, and 500 species of marine algae are only a few examples of its diversity.
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genes a and b are on the same chromosome. what gametes could an aabb individual produce, if crossing-over and nondisjunction do not occur?
There is only one sort of normal gamete: AB. AAB, B, ABB, or A or AABB gametes are abnormal gametes .E. Translocation in the meiotic process.
Translocation is the movement of a portion of a chromosome into a different location, most frequently on a nonhomologous chromosome.
The changing of the generations.
Like eggs and sperm, gametes are sexually active cells.
The driving force behind sexual reproduction in an organism occurs when gametes, also known as sex cells, fuse together under specific circumstances.
The sperm and egg cells that combine to create the zygote make up the gamete. The egg cells are typically from the female part of organisms, whereas the sperm cells typically come from the male part.
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Which layer of the intestinal wall contains most of the smooth muscle and controls the majority of intestinal movements?.
Answer:
muscularis mucosa
Explanation:
The thin layer of smooth muscle is called the muscularis mucosa.
which of the following techniques involves reverse transcriptase, pcr amplification, and gel electrophoresis? which of the following techniques involves reverse transcriptase, pcr amplification, and gel electrophoresis? in situ hybridization dna microarray assays nucleic acid hybridization rt-pcr
RT-PCR includes reverse transcriptase, PCR amplification, and gel electrophoresis.
What is RT PCR?Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is an experimental technique that combines the reverse transcription of RNA into DNA and the amplification of specific DNA targets using the polymerase chain reaction.
This is a highly sensitive technique for detecting and quantifying mRNA (messenger RNA). This technique consists of two parts:
Synthesis of cDNA (complementary DNA) from RNA by reverse transcription (RT) and amplification of specific cDNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The types of PCR are as follows.
Real-time PCR (quantitative PCR or qPCR)Reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR)Multiplex PCRTo know more about RT-PCR, visit:
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because of the increase in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre), under what conditions should vancomycin be used as an anti-infective?
Vancomycin should be used as an anti-infective for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) involves gram-positive infections in patients who are allergic to penicillin, some endocarditis, and potentially fatal infections caused by organisms that cannot be treated with less toxic substances.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a staph infection cause that is challenging to treat due to antibiotic resistance. Hospitals, other healthcare institutions, and the neighborhood where you reside, work, and attend school are all places where Staph infections, particularly those brought on by MRSA, can proliferate.
A glycopeptide antibiotic called vancomycin is prescribed to treat several bacterial infections. It is advised to administer it intravenously to treat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-caused complex skin infections, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, bone and joint infections, and meningitis.
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If a specimen is found to have large quantities of bilirubin, then it should be stored away from ________, which causes the breakdown of bilirubin, until further testing.
If a specimen is found to have large quantities of bilirubin, then it should be stored away from Light, which causes the breakdown of bilirubin, until further testing.
Bilirubin in urine testing determines the amount of bilirubin in your urine. Normally, urine contains no bilirubin. If you have bilirubin in your urine, it could be an early sign of a liver problem. Bilirubin is a yellow substance produced by your body during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. Bilirubin is used by the liver to produce bile, a fluid that aids digestion.
A healthy liver eliminates the majority of bilirubin from your body. However, if you have a liver problem, bilirubin can accumulate in your blood and enter your urine.
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3.rank these bonds from weakest to strongest (assume we are in a cellular environment): peptide bond, hydrogen bond, ionic bond, hydrophobic interactions
The order of the bonds from weakest to strongest is hydrogen bonds-hydrophobic interactions-peptide bonds-ionic bonds
A chemical bond is a force that binds two or more atoms together to form a chemical compound or element.
The ionic bond is a strong chemical bond because it has an electrostatic attraction force so that ionic compounds require more energy to overcome this force. While a peptide bond is a covalent bond that forms between two amino acid molecules when the carboxyl groups of the amino acids react. Covalent bonds are much weaker than ionic bonds because they are formed by sharing bonding electrons. Ionic compounds have higher boiling points, and melting points than covalent compounds.
Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular interactions that occur between hydrogen atoms and highly electronegative elements. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds because the atomic bonds are stronger and the intermolecular attractions that occur are stronger. While the Hydrophobic interactions are stronger than the hydrogen bonds because as the temperature increases, the strength of the hydrophobic interactions also increases. Thus causing the bond to be stronger.
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Consider the timeline of the evolution of human ancestors. a timeline has points a, b, c, d, and e. at the beginning of the timeline is 3.5 million years ago. at the end of the timeline is 50,000 years ago. which series correctly lists the order of species (from a to e) that belong on the timeline? a. africanus, a. afarensis, h. erectus, h. habilis, h. sapiens h. habilis, a. africanus, h. erectus, a. afarensis, h. sapiens a. afarensis, a. africanus, h. habilis, h. erectus, h. sapiens h. habilis, h. erectus, a. afarensis, a. africanus, h. sapiens
The correct order of the species belonging to the timeline is A. afarensis, A. africanus, H. habilis, H. erectus, and H. sapiens
The human evolution timeline highlights the prime incidents within the development of the human species, that is, Homo sapiens, and the improvement of the human's ancestors. It contains brief illustrations of a number of the genera, species, and the higher ranks of taxa, that are witnessed at present because the likely ancestors of present day humans.
The timeline is based totally at the studies from paleontology, anthropology, morphology, and genetic and anatomical data.
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the closest living relatives of land plants are multiple choice sporozoans. cyanobacteria. charophytes. chytrids. lichens.
The closest living relatives of land plants is charophytes.
Green algae are a group of green algae whose ancestral lineage gave rise to land plants and caused profound upheaval in the natural history of the Earth.
Charo plants are autotrophs and produce starch through photosynthesis. Charophytes can reproduce asexually or sexually. Sexual reproduction is the main method. Asexual reproduction occurs by fragmentation. Sexual reproduction is oviogenic in meiosis of the egg. Plants may be dioecious or dioecious.
Woody plants are ecologically important in ecosystems because they control nutrient cycling, improve water clarity, provide an important food source for waterbirds and fish, and serve as bioindicators of ecosystem health.
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What are the 4 simple tips to prevent the spread of germs?.
The 4 simple tips to prevent the spread of germs are
Wash your hand frequentlyPractice social distancingDon't share personal itemsCover your coughGerms can spread in a variety of ways, including: by kissing, embracing, sharing drinks or eating utensils with, or otherwise coming into contact with, a person who is contagious. By inhaling air after a person who has the infection coughs or sneezes ,by changing diapers or another activity that involves direct contact with someone's faeces (poop), then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth. Through contacting filthy things and surfaces, then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth
Hence, Germs are responsible for diseases.
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When training all major muscle groups in a single strength-training workout, a person should complete.
Weight training is a common type of strength training for developing the strength, size of skeletal muscles and maintenance of strength
How does weight training occurs ?
I think the answer is large muscle group exercises before small group exercises.In most training of muscles, the high intensity exercises are done before low intensity exercises.The small joint exercises before the large joint exercises and finally the large muscle groups before the small muscle groups.Strength training should target the major muscle groups: chest, back, legs, shoulders, biceps, triceps, and the trunk/core.The correct way to develop overall growth of muscles is to work on every body parts in a required manner.To know more about Weight training from the given link
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this hormone made by fat cells lowers fat storage in the body, increases the body's response to insulin, and increases the utilization of energy:
A hormone produced by fat cells, which can decrease fat storage in the body, increase the body's response to insulin, and increase energy use is called the hormone leptin.
Leptin comes from adipose tissue which can indicate the number of fat deposits contained in the body. Leptin can work centrally as a metabolic hormone through a negative feedback mechanism to suppress appetite and increase calorie burning through increased body activity.
Leptin is a hormone that comes from the body's fat cells. This hormone is in charge of sending signals to the hypothalamus of the brain so that the brain will process hunger and satiety signals
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What role does photosynthesis play in cycling materials and energy through ecosystems.
The cycle of materials and the movement of energy into and out of organisms are both influenced by photosynthesis.
It is possible to track the movement of matter and energy. An energy input is necessary for the chemical reaction that occurs in plants to build complex food molecules.
The cycle of materials and the movement of energy into and out of organisms are both influenced by photosynthesis. It is possible to track the movement of matter and energy. Sugars are produced by plants through a chemical reaction that requires an energy input, specifically sunshine, to take place.
Plants can harness solar energy through photosynthesis. This energy is used by plants for vital processes.
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Does hCG cause inflammation?.
hCG induces testicular inflammation through local activation by Leydig cells of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by resident macrophages.
Can hCG help with inflammation?The systemic pro-inflammatory effects of hCG are not surprising, as this hormone can activate the immune system. However, hCG exerts anti-inflammatory effects at the maternal-fetal interface. Taken together, these data suggest that this hormone has distinct functions in decidual and peripheral leukocytes. What are the effects of high hCG?HCG can cause serious side effects: severe abdominal pain or bloating, swelling, rapid weight gain, chest pain, difficulty breathing, severe nausea and vomiting, decreased urination, pain or swelling in one leg, sudden numbness in one side of the body.A medical concern of higher hCG levels is that it may indicate gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). GTD can occur during or after pregnancy. It causes abnormal cells to grow in the uterus. Most are benign, but some may be cancerousTo learn more about hCG visit:
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A scientist observes a particular nerve fiber that is among the fastest at conducting action potentials in the body. Which of the following best describes its likely structure?
Large diameter and myelinated
The most likely structure for it is one with a large diameter and is myelinated.
What has the potential to act most quickly?myelinated axons
Action potentials spread more quickly through thicker, myelinated axons than through thinner, unmyelinated axons. A neuron is unable to produce another action potential once it has already done so because of its refractoriness to stimuli.
Examples of non-pacemaker action potentials in the heart include atrial, ventricular, and Purkinje cells. These action potentials are occasionally referred to as "fast response" action potentials because of the incredibly quick depolarization they experience.
Action potentials are created when various ions cross the membrane of the neuron. Initially, a stimulus causes sodium channels to open. Because there are more sodium ions on the outside than the inside of the neuron and because the inside is negative compared to the outside, sodium ions rush in.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. cnidarians are the only animal phylum to display ___, meaning that their bodies can be divided any way through the center point to yield two even halves.all other adult animals display __, meaning that their bodies can only be sliced lengthwise through the midline to produce two even halves.
All other mature creatures have radial symmetry, making cnidarians the only animal phylum to exhibit biradial or radial symmetry.
What nine animal phyla are there?The vast majority of described, existing species are found in nine of the 36 recognized animal phyla (Mollusca, Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata).
Describe the animal phylum.As a group of organisms with a certain level of morphological or developmental similarity (the phenetic definition), or as a group of organisms with a certain level of evolutionary relatedness, a phylum can be defined in one of two ways at its most fundamental levels.
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TRUE/FALSE a secondary response has a more rapid onset, is more potent, and has a longer duration than a primary response.
Memory cells are quickly triggered as part of a subsequent response to the same antigen. The secondary answer is more efficient and quicker than this one.
In comparison to the primary immune reaction, the secondary immune response is quicker and stronger due to the production of memory cells, which promotes more efficient pathogen eradication.
Due to the immune system's slow recognition of the antigen, the initial immunological response has a lengthy lag phase. Once a B cell-like lymphocyte capable of recognising this specific antigen emerges, it splits and differentiates into plasma cells and memory B cells.
Due to their involvement in immune system and cell maintenance systems, genetic factors are important in achieving longevity.
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suppose you incubated a sample of glycogen with debranching enzyme, transferase, orthophosphate and glycogen phosphorylase. what would be the approximate ratios of g1p to glucose?
An incubated sample of glycogen with debranching enzyme, transferase, orthophosphate and glycogen phosphorylase will have a ratio of 100 the glycogen sample.
What is carbohydrate metabolism?Carbohydrate metabolism, a fundamental metabolic process, ensures that living cells have a constant supply of energy. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be turned into ATP by the Kreb's cycle, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce energy. It produces water, ATP, NADH, and two pyruvate molecules. The entire process, which takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell, doesn't require oxygen. It affects both aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which oxygen is used and ATP synthesis is linked to electron transport along the mitochondrial electron transport chain. the principal energy source .
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what features show that homo erectus walked just like a modern human? group of answer choices long arms double arches of the feet and an adducted big toe long legs and opposable toes a foramen magnum at the base of the skull
Homo erectus walked just like a modern human, big toe is adducted and the feet have two arches.
Who was Homo erectus?One of the first recognised members of the genus Homo is Homo erectus. H. erectus has a broad nose, a flat face, The big toe is adducted and the feet have two arches. and possibly little body hair. With a continental range spanning from the Iberian Peninsula to Java, it was the first ancestor of modern humans to expand over Eurasia. It was feasible to absorb nutrients with a shorter digestive tract thanks to meat and other proteins that could be easily digested, which led to greater energy becoming available more quickly. Early hearths (campfires) were likely utilised for social gatherings, as well as for warmth and to ward off huge predators. The first Homo erectus specimen was found by a Dutch surgeon by the name of Eugène Dubois in Indonesia in 1891.
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a rectangular coil of n turns and of length a and width b is rotated at frequency f in a uniform magnetic field ~ b, as indicated in the figure. the coil is connected to co-rotating cylinders, against which metal brushes slide to make contact. (a) show that the emf induced in the coil is given (as a function of time t) by
Metal brushes slide up against the co-rotating cylinders that the coil is attached to before making contact and Nab =0.8148946
Given :2πfNabB sin (2πft) = ε0 sin (2πft).
2πfNabB = ε0
Nab= ε0 /2πfB
since,ε0 = 248 V
f=76.8 rev/s
B = 0.631 T
π=3.14
now substituting the above values in Nab= ε0 /2πfB
we get, Nab= 248/2 X3.14 X76.8 X0.631
= 248 /304.3333824
therefore , Nab =0.8148946
A coil-shaped electrical conductor, such as a wire, serves as an electromagnetic coil (spiral or helix). In devices like electric motors, generators, inductors, electromagnets, transformers, and sensor coils—where electric currents and magnetic field interact—magnetic coils are utilized in electrical engineering. Either an electric current is sent through the coil's wire to produce a magnetic field, or an external, time-varying magnetic field passes through the coil's interior to produce an EMF (voltage) in the conductor.
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the digestive, cardiovascular, and skeletal systems work together to manage (fill in the blank) in the body.
The digestive, cardiovascular, and skeletal systems work together to manage to take in essential nutrients and chemicals while also removing waste from the body.
What is the role of digestive systems? Digestion and absorption are two crucial tasks performed by the digestive system. Proteins, lipids, carbs, vitamins, and minerals are the sources of the nutrients found in food. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract must digest and absorb these complicated macromolecules.What is the role of cardiovascular system? The body's cells and organs receive vital nutrients, hormones, oxygen, and other chemicals via the cardiovascular system. It is crucial in assisting the body in coping with the demands of stress, exercise, and activity. In addition to other things, it aids in maintaining body temperature.What is the role of skeletal system?Your body's skeletal system serves as a support system for it. It offers protection for organs, enables mobility, creates blood cells, gives the body its structure, and stores minerals. The term "musculoskeletal system" is another name for the skeletal system.For more information on body systems kindly visit to
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What is the capillary bed that produces the filtrate that enters the urinary tubules of the nephron?.
The capillary bed that produces the filtration that enters through the urinary tubules of the nephron is called glomeruli.
What are renal glomeruli?The renal glomeruli are the whole network of capillaries surrounded by a layer (Bowman's capsule) that will have the function of filtering blood plasma to form urine.
This to be able to filter substances that are in excess in the blood, metabolic waste and liquid. Materials that may become useful for the system can also be reabsorbed.
Therefore, we can confirm that the capillary bed that produces the filtration that enters through the urinary tubules of the nephron is called glomeruli.
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which is a genetic condition that provides evidence for genetic aging? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices
Hutchinson-Gilford is a genetic condition that provides evidence for genetic aging.
A hereditary condition that worsens over time and makes kids age quickly. The genetic mutation is not inherited and develops at random.
In the first year or two of life, symptoms including poor growth and hair loss start to emerge.
Progeria has no known treatment, but some drugs may lessen symptoms or stop the disease's progression.
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bioremediation polluted water through a series of containers filled with different plants, animals, and algae is known as .
Bioremediation polluted water through a series of containers filled with different plants, animals, and algae is known as ecological engineering.
Environmental and ecological engineers recognition on engineering programs to land and water resources, air and soil quality, land use management, surroundings services,ecosystem restoration, and waste management. Graduates are employed by industry, government agencies, and consulting firms.
Ecological engineering helps us understand the causes of population growth and its impact on environmental resources. Rapid population growth will continue to threaten human survival and livelihood security for decades to come.
Ecosystem engineers fall into two categories:
Allogeneic and autologous. An allogeneic engineer is defined as a species that alters its environment by mechanically altering living or non-living materials to form other materials.
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in humans, 20% of bases in dna are cytosine (c). what percentage of the bases are expected to be thymine (t)? group of answer choices
The sum of adenine and thymine is 40% (20% + 20%). 40% of the DNA nucleotides are subtracted from 100% to give 60%. The result of this division by two is 30%.
What proportion of cytosine is present in DNA that has 20% thymine?Barring mutations, a DNA molecule with 20% thymine would also have 20% thymine. As a result, A and T make up around 40% of this DNA. The remaining 60% must be made up of equal proportions of G and C, or around 30% of each nitrogenous base.
According to Chargaff's criteria, if a DNA sample had 15% adenine, there would also be 15% thymine. Adenine always couples with thymine, according to Chargaff's principles, while cytosine always pairs with guanine.
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In negative control, what molecule would you expect to find bound to the operator if there is no transcription?.
The activity of the promoter that controls the expression of the lac operon is regulated by two different proteins. One of the proteins prevents the RNA polymerase from transcribing, the other enhances the binding of the RNA polymerase to the promoter.
when transcription is under positive control, a protein known as an activator binds to the DNA for transcription to take place. Negative Control: When transcription is under negative control, a protein known as a repressor binds to DNA and blocks transcription.
The lac operon is under the negative control of a repressor protein (because once bound, the lac repressor prevents RNA polymerase from transcribing the lacZ, lacY, and lacA genes. The lac operon is under the positive control of an activating protein, the lacZ operon). catabolite activator (CAP).
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In monkeys, removal of the _____ results in psychic blindness, an inability to process the psychological significance of objects.
amygdala and portions of the cortex
In monkeys, removal of parts of the amygdala and cortex leads to mental blindness, the inability to process the psychological meaning of objects.
What is the amygdala?Two small almond-shaped regions deep in the brain, the amygdala help regulate emotions and encode memories, especially when it comes to emotional memory. The amygdala is responsible for processing strong emotions such as fear, joy, and anger. It may also send signals to the cerebral cortex, which controls conscious thought. Signals sent from the thalamus to the autonomic nervous system and skeletal muscles control the body's responses. For example, if you've been bitten by a dog, the amygdala helps you process the event and increases your anxiety and alertness towards the dog.
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the four processes of the digestive system include digestion, absorption, secretion, and . the four processes of the digestive system include digestion, absorption, secretion, and . taste reabsorption identification motility
The digestive system takes in and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients that are released, and excretes indigestible food components.
Ingestion, motility, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and feces are the six steps that make up this process. Even before you put food in our mouth, digestion starts. When you feel hungry, our body sends a message to our brain that it is time to eat. Sights and smells influence our body’s preparedness for food. Smelling food sends a message to our brain. our brain then tells the mouth to get ready, and we start to salivate in preparation for a delicious meal. The act of pushing food back toward the throat with the tongue may make swallowing appear voluntary at first, but once this is done, swallowing happens involuntarily.
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At the end of her talk Arroyo says, “Adaptation’s too important to be left to the experts.” Explain what she means by this, if you feel this is a valid point and why.
The expression “Adaptation’s too important to be left to the experts” evidences that this evolutionary process is associated with many diverse aspects of our daily life and therefore it is essential to understand what it means.
What does adaptation mean?In biology, the term adaptation makes reference to the process of change (evolution) that suffers species across time in order to fit certain environmental conditions, which is a key concept to understand not only life science disciplines but also other fields.
Adaptation mainly occurs as a consequence of the process of natural selection, which is the differential survival and reproduction of the organisms that better make use of the environmental conditions.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that adaptation is an evolutionary process that is associated with how organisms fit certain environmental conditions and this concept may also be used in other disciplines.
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If one strand of a dna molecule has the sequence g-a-t-t-a-c-a, what is the sequence of the complementary strand?.
The complementary strand sequence of the DNA sequence G-A-T-T-A-C-A is C-T-A-A-T-G-T.
By applying the base pair rule:
A with T: purine adenine (A) always pairs with pyrimidine thymine (T)
C with G: pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with purine guanine (G)
(A = T, G = C).
G ⇒ CA ⇒ TT ⇒ AT ⇒ AA ⇒ TC ⇒ GA ⇒ TComplementary DNA, better known by the abbreviation cDNA (from complementary DNA), is synthetic/artificial single-stranded DNA copied from mRNA strands using the PCR technique by utilizing the reverse transcriptase enzyme.
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