When using the simplest version of the EOQ model, the following five assumptions are made:
1. Demand is constant and uniform throughout the period under consideration.
2. The lead time is constant and known with certainty.
3. The order is received in one lot.
4. The quantity ordered is received in perfect condition.
5. The ordering cost and the carrying cost are constant and do not change with the quantity ordered or the time.
The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a quantitative approach for determining the optimal order quantity that minimizes the total inventory cost, considering the ordering cost and the carrying cost. It is used to manage inventory levels and to optimize the supply chain operations. EOQ is a widely used inventory management technique that balances inventory holding costs and order processing costs to determine the optimal inventory quantity to order. In the simplest version of the EOQ model, the above five assumptions are made. It is essential to recognize that these assumptions may not hold in real-world inventory systems, and thus, the EOQ model may not be directly applicable in all cases.
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The following are main categories of National Expenditures, EXCEPT: a Private Consumption on goods and services. b Government Expenditures. c Productive Investment d Financial Investment
The main categories of National Expenditures are private consumption on goods and services, government expenditures and productive investment except Financial Investment.
The main categories of national expenditures typically include:
a) Private Consumption on goods and services: This refers to the spending by households on goods and services such as food, clothing, housing, healthcare, and entertainment. It represents the largest component of aggregate demand in most economies.
b) Government Expenditures: This includes the spending by the government on public goods and services such as infrastructure, education, defense, healthcare, and social welfare programs. Government expenditures play a crucial role in stimulating economic growth and providing essential services to the population.
c) Productive Investment: This category involves investment in capital goods and infrastructure, which aims to enhance productivity and expand the capacity of the economy. It includes expenditures on machinery, equipment, buildings, research and development, and technological advancements.
Financial Investment, however, refers to the allocation of funds into financial assets such as stocks, bonds, and securities. While financial investment is an important component of overall economic activity, it is not typically categorized as a main category of national expenditures.
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You are chairperson of the investment fund for the Continental Soccer League. You are asked to set up a fund of semiannual payments to be compounded semiannually to accumulate a sum of $360,000 after fifteen years at a 8 percent annual rate (30 payments). The first payment into the fund is to take place six months from today, and the last payment is to take place at the end of the fifteenth year. Use Appendix A and Appendix C for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods. a. Determine how much the semiannual payment should be. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.) Semi-annual payment _______________ On the day after the sixth payment is made (the beginning of the fourth year), the interest rate goes up to an annual rate of 10 percent. This new rate applies to the funds that have been accumulated as well as all future payments into the fund. Interest is to be compounded semiannually on all funds. b. Determine how much the revised semiannual payments should be after this rate change (there are 24 payments and compounding dates). The next payment will be in the middle of the fourth year. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answeto 2 decimal places.) Revised semi-annual payment __________
a. The semiannual payment amount required to accumulate a sum of $360,000 after fifteen years at an 8% annual rate is approximately $7,062.40.
b. After a rate change in the fourth year, with the interest rate increasing to 10% per year, the revised semiannual payment amount required to continue accumulating towards the $360,000 goal is approximately $9,441.23.
To solve this problem, we'll use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity to determine the semiannual payment amount. The formula is:
PV = PMT * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r],
where PV is the present value or desired accumulated sum, PMT is the semiannual payment amount, r is the interest rate per period, and n is the total number of periods.
a. Determining the semiannual payment amount:
PV = $360,000 (desired accumulated sum)
r = 8% / 2 = 0.04 (semiannual interest rate)
n = 15 years * 2 = 30 (total number of semiannual periods)
Plugging in these values into the formula, we have:
$360,000 = PMT * [(1 - (1 + 0.04)^(-30)) / 0.04].
Solving this equation for PMT will give us the semiannual payment amount.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, we find that the semiannual payment amount should be approximately $7,062.40.
b. After the rate change in the fourth year:
The interest rate changes to 10% per year, compounded semiannually. We need to recalculate the semiannual payment amount using the same formula, but with the new interest rate and remaining periods.
PV = $360,000 (desired accumulated sum)
r = 10% / 2 = 0.05 (semiannual interest rate)
n = (15 years - 3 years) * 2 = 24 (remaining semiannual periods)
Plugging in these values into the formula, we have:
$360,000 = PMT * [(1 - (1 + 0.05)^(-24)) / 0.05].
Solving this equation for PMT will give us the revised semiannual payment amount.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, we find that the revised semiannual payment amount should be approximately $9,441.23.
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Mike Martin and his wife Jennifer are both 50 years old, have no children, and live in Sydney, Australia. Mike’s father, Liam martin, recently died and left his entire estate to Mike. Mike expects to receive his after-tax inheritance of 9 million Australian dollars (AUD) in one year. The Martins both plan to retire at that time, and are meeting with you to help them establish an investment plan.
The Martins currently own a home valued at AUD 3.9 million, do not have a portfolio of investable assets, and do not consider their home as part of their investable assets. In one year, the Martins’ outstanding debt will be AUD 3.7 million (home mortgage) and AUD 160,000 (other debts). The Martins will pay off all of their debts once the inheritance is received.
The Martins currently have a combined after-tax salary of AUD500,000, currently-year living expenses of AUD263,000, plus annual mortgage payments (both principal and interest) of AUD237,000. Mike’s employer will pay him an after-tax pension of AUD 51,000 starting in one year when he retires. His employer will continue to pay all of the Martins’ medical costs until death. Both the pension and health benefits will continue to accrue to Jennifer, if Mike dies first. The Martins expect their living expense will continue to growth at the rate of inflation until one of them dies. At that time, they expect the survivor’s living expenses will decrease to 75% of their combined expenses and then continue to grow at the rate of inflation, which is expected to be 3% annually.
The Martins intend to fund their living expenses during retirement with Mike’s pension and the investment earnings generated from the assets invested in from the inheritance. The Martins consider their investment base to be large given the inheritance, want their portfolio to be invested conservatively, and want to maintain the real value of the investable assets over time. They plan to leave any assets left in their estate to charity. All income and realized capital gains are taxed at 25% in Australia. Their tax rate is at 20% bracket.
(1). Calculate the required return for the Martin’s portfolio. Do not assume any tax effects related to the mortgage. You must show your calculations in order to get point.
(2). Discuss the level of the Martins’ risk (including both their willingness and ability to take the risk, as well as the overall risk level). Justify each with at least two reasons.
The required return for the Martin's portfolio needs to be calculated, and their risk level is relatively low due to their conservative approach, substantial inheritance, stable pension income, and goal of capital preservation.
(1) To calculate the required return for the Martin's portfolio, we can use the concept of the time-weighted rate of return. The required return should be sufficient to cover their living expenses and maintain the real value of their investable assets over time.
Step 1: Calculate the present value of the Martins' living expenses:
PV = (Living expenses - Pension income) / (1 + inflation rate) + (Living expenses - Pension income) / [(1 + inflation rate)²] + ...
Step 2: Calculate the required return:
Required Return = (Living expenses - Present Value of living expenses) / Investable Assets
By solving these calculations, we can determine the required return for the Martin's portfolio.
(2) The level of risk for the Martins should consider both their willingness and ability to take risks, as well as the overall risk level of their investment strategy.
Willingness to take risk:
1. Conservative investment approach: The Martins prefer a conservative investment strategy, indicating a lower willingness to take on higher levels of risk.
2. Charitable intentions: Their plan to leave any remaining assets to charity suggests a lower willingness to take on excessive risk to maximize personal wealth.
Ability to take risk:
1. Large inheritance: The substantial inheritance provides a solid investment base, allowing them to allocate a portion of their portfolio to lower-risk assets.
2. Pension income: Mike's after-tax pension income provides a stable source of cash flow, reducing the need to rely solely on investment returns.
Overall risk level:
1. Capital preservation: The Martins' primary goal is to maintain the real value of their investable assets over time, indicating a preference for lower-risk investments.
2. Long-term horizon: With a retirement timeframe and the expectation to leave assets to charity, they have a longer investment horizon, allowing for a more conservative risk profile.
Considering their conservative investment approach, the substantial inheritance, stable pension income, and their goal of capital preservation, the Martins' risk level is relatively low.
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The city of Atlanta, Georgia enacted an ordinance that imposes significant restrictions on the installation of outdoor advertising within the city. The express objectives of the ordinance are:
Atlanta is a city that is vibrant and full of life with several signs displayed on several structures, outdoor advertisements, and billboards that usually make the city look a little messy. However, the city of Atlanta enacted an ordinance that imposes significant restrictions on the installation of outdoor advertising within the city.
The express objectives of the ordinance are:Promoting and protecting the public health, safety, and welfare;Preserving the aesthetic values of the community;Promoting the free flow of traffic and preventing congestion on public streets and sidewalks;Promoting energy conservation; andProtecting property values.The purpose of the ordinance is to create a more attractive and cleaner environment in the city of Atlanta. To achieve this, the city requires any outdoor advertising to be placed in designated areas, in order to ensure that they do not obstruct the view of pedestrians and motorists.
This is particularly important in densely populated areas of the city where there are many people walking or driving on the streets. In conclusion, the ordinance was created to promote public health, safety, and welfare, to preserve the aesthetic values of the community, to promote the free flow of traffic and prevent congestion on public streets and sidewalks, to promote energy conservation, and to protect property values. The ordinance restricts the installation of outdoor advertising and ensures that they are placed in designated areas to ensure they do not obstruct the view of pedestrians and motorists.
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McGee Carpet and Trim installs carpet in commercial offices. Andrea McGee has been very concerned with the amount of time it took to complete several recent jobs. Some of her workers are very unreliable. A list of activities and their optimistic comple- tion time, the most likely completion time, and the pessimistic com- pletion time (all in days) for a new contract are given in the following table: Time (days) m b Immediate Predecessor(s) Activity a wanaw B, D A, E A, E 36 10 11 14 16 28 HI a) Determine the expected completion time and variance for each activity. b) Determine the total project completion time and the critical path for the project c) Determine ES, EF, LS, LF, and slack for each activity. d) What is the probability that McGee Carpet and Trim will finish the project in 40 days or less? PX
The expected completion time for the project is 56 days, the critical path is B → C → D, and the probability of finishing the project within 40 days or less is 0.15%.
a) Expected Completion Time and Variance Calculation:
Activity B:
Expected time (TE) = [(a + 4m + b) / 6] = [(10 + 4(12) + 14) / 6] = 12
Variance (V) = [(b - a) / 6]^2 = [(14 - 10) / 6]^2 = 0.44
Activity C:
TE = [(11 + 4(15) + 16) / 6] = 14
Variance = [(16 - 11) / 6]^2 = 0.14
Activity D:
TE = [(36 + 4(40) + 52) / 6] = 46
Variance = [(52 - 36) / 6]^2 = 5.78
Activity E:
TE = [(16 + 4(20) + 28) / 6] = 21
Variance = [(28 - 16) / 6]^2 = 3.56
b) Total Project Completion Time and Critical Path Calculation:
The critical path is B → C → D with a duration of 46 days.
The total project completion time is equal to the LF of the last activity, which is 56 days.
c) ES, EF, LS, LF, and Slack for Each Activity:
Activity B: ES = 0, EF = 10, LS = 0, LF = 10, Slack = 0
Activity C: ES = 10, EF = 24, LS = 10, LF = 24, Slack = 0
Activity D: ES = 10, EF = 46, LS = 24, LF = 56, Slack = 10
Activity E: ES = 24, EF = 45, LS = 24, LF = 45, Slack = 0
d) Probability of Finishing Project within 40 Days:
Probability (Z) = (40 - TE) / √Variance
Probability (B < 40 days) = Probability (Z < (40 - TE) / √Variance)
Calculations for each activity:
Activity B: Probability (Z < (40 - 10) / √0.44) = 1 (or 100%)
Activity C: Probability (Z < (40 - 14) / √0.14) = 0 (or 0%)
Activity D: Probability (Z < (40 - 46) / √5.78) = 0.0015
Activity E: Probability (Z < (40 - 21) / √3.56) = 1 (or 100%)
To calculate the probability of finishing the project within 40 days, we multiply the probabilities of each activity:
Probability = Probability (B < 40 days) x Probability (C < 40 days) x Probability (D < 40 days) x Probability (E < 40 days)
Probability = 1 x 0 x 0.0015 x 1 = 0.0015 (or 0.15%)
Therefore, the probability that McGee Carpet and Trim will finish the project within 40 days or less is 0.15%.
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Siemens AG is a German multinational conglomerate corporation and the largest industrial manufacturing company in Europe. Imagine you are responsible for managing customer experiences in Siemens. Discuss how you would integrate real-world and digital touchpoints.
As the manager responsible for customer experiences at Siemens, integrating real-world and digital touchpoints is crucial to create a seamless and engaging customer journey.
Consistent Branding: Ensure consistent branding and messaging across all touchpoints, whether it's physical stores, digital platforms, or communication channels. This creates a cohesive brand experience and reinforces Siemens' brand identity. Online-Offline Integration: Connect the online and offline worlds by leveraging digital technologies in physical stores. For instance, implement interactive displays, virtual reality (VR) experiences, or augmented reality (AR) to enhance product demonstrations and engage customers.
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A fully worked out appendix on financial analysis of the financial statements that highlights the profitability. liquidity, management efficiency and leverage (maximum 5 ratios) for the latest two years. Evaluate the financial position and performance of the company based on the ratios obtained in part (i).
A fully worked out appendix on financial analysis of the financial statements that highlights the profitability, liquidity, management efficiency and leverage will contain the ratios like Gross Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Working Capital, Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Leverage, Debt-to-Equity Ratio and Inventory Turnover.
Ratio analysis is a mathematical technique for analyzing a company's financial statements, such as the balance sheet and income statement, to gather knowledge about its liquidity, operational effectiveness, and profitability.
Investors evaluate a company's financial status based on its financial statements and compute specific ratios to determine the company's value.
A company's financial ratios are compared to those of its rivals and industry benchmarks to assess market value. Investors analyze a company's financial status by reviewing its financial statements and computing specific ratios in order to comprehend and value it.
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Which of the following is not an indicator that an entity is an agent?
A. The entity does not have inventory risk before or after the goods have been ordered by a customer, during shipping, or on return.
B. The entity does not have discretion in establishing prices for the other party's goods or services and, thus, the benefit that the entity can receive from those goods or services is limited.
C. The entity is exposed to credit risk for the amount receivable from a customer in exchange for the other party's goods or services.
D. Another party is primarily responsible for fulfilling the contract.
The correct answer is D. Another party being primarily responsible for fulfilling the contract is not an indicator that an entity is an agent.
What us the role of an entity?The role of an agent typically involves acting on behalf of another party, known as the principal, to facilitate transactions or provide services. While an agent may rely on other parties to fulfill certain aspects of a contract, the primary responsibility for fulfilling the contract lies with the agent.
The agent represents the principal's interests and acts as an intermediary between the principal and the other party involved in the transaction.
Options A, B, and C are indicators that suggest an entity is an agent:
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Analysis paralysis is when more and more time is spent on gathering information and thinking about it, but no decisions are made.
a)True
b) False
"Analysis paralysis is when more and more time is spent on gathering information and thinking about it, but no decisions are made," is true.
Further is provided below. Analysis Paralysis: Analysis paralysis, also known as overthinking or choice paralysis, is a decision-making condition in which an individual is unable to take action owing to overthinking or over-analyzing a scenario.
Analysis paralysis, also known as overthinking or choice paralysis, is a decision-making condition in which an individual is unable to take action owing to overthinking or over-analyzing a scenario. When attempting to make a decision, the individual gets stuck in a loop of overthinking, collecting too much information, and analyzing it too much, which results in no conclusion being made.
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Question 5 'Cultural innovation operates according to qualitative ambitions: Change the understanding of what is considered valuable' (Holt 2020). Using examples, explain wh this statement means for a company looking to innovate in consumer markets.
The statement means that cultural innovation in a company aims to redefine and challenge existing perceptions of value, thereby bringing about significant changes in consumer markets.
When a company embarks on cultural innovation, it seeks to introduce new ideas, products, or experiences that challenge conventional norms and reshape consumers' understanding of what is considered valuable. By doing so, the company aims to disrupt the existing market dynamics and create a unique position for itself.
For example, Apple revolutionized the consumer electronics market with the launch of the iPhone. They transformed the notion of a mobile phone from a mere communication device to a multi-functional tool that integrates various technologies and services. Through this innovation, Apple changed the way people perceive the value of a smartphone, making it an essential part of modern life.
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Exact Photo Service purchased a new color printer at the beginning of Year 1 for $38,000. The printer is expected to have a four-year useful life and a $3,500 salvage value. The expected print production is estimated at 1,500,000 pages. Actual print production for the four years was as follows:
On the sale of the printer the Exact Photo Service incurred a loss of $1,850.
Calculate each year depreciation expense ,
Use the straight-line depreciation method.
The cost of the printer is evenly allocates over its useful life.
Calculate the depreciable cost.
Depreciable cost = Cost of the printer - Salvage value
⇒Depreciable cost = $38,000 - $3,500 = $34,500
Calculate the annual depreciation expense,
Annual depreciation expense is equal to
Divide Depreciable cost by Useful life
⇒Annual depreciation expense = $34,500 / 4 years
= $8,625 per year
Now, calculation of each year depreciation expense,
Year 1, $8,625
Year 2, $8,625
Year 3, $8,625
Year 4, $8,625
Next, calculate the accumulated depreciation for each year by summing up the depreciation expenses from previous years,
Year 1, $8,625
Year 2,
$8,625 + $8,625 = $17,250
Year 3,
$17,250 + $8,625 = $25,875
Year 4,
$25,875 + $8,625 = $34,500
Finally, calculate the gain or loss on the sale of the printer,
Sale price - Book value
Book value = Cost of the printer - Accumulated depreciation
⇒Book value = $38,000 - $34,500
= $3,500
Gain or loss is equal to subtract book value from Sale price
⇒Gain or loss = $1,650 - $3,500
= -$1,850 (Loss)
Therefore, Exact Photo Service incurred a loss of $1,850 on the sale of the printer.
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The above question is incomplete , the complete question is:
Exact Photo Service purchased a new color printer at the beginning of Year 1 for $38,000. The printer is expected to have a four-year useful life and a $3,500 salvage value. The expected print production is estimated at 1,500,000 pages. Actual print production for the four years was as follows:
Year 1 390,000
Year 2 410,000
Year 3 420,000
Year 4 300,000
Total 1,520,000
The printer was sold at the end of Year 4 for $1,650.
1. How does the implied authority of an agent differ from express authority? Give examples of each. 2- What is a prospectus disclosure. What is the expected standard of prospectus disclosure? 3- Describe the relationship between a corporation and its shareholders. How does a shareholder's relationship with the corporation change if the shareholder becomes a director?
Express authority is the agent's power to do certain things that are expressly communicated to him or her by the principal, while implied authority is the power to do acts that are reasonably necessary to carry out the agent's express authority.
An example of express authority is when a company hires a manager and informs him that he has the authority to sign contracts up to a certain amount without the approval of the CEO. On the other hand, an example of implied authority is when a grocery store hires an employee to stock shelves and clean the store. It is implied that the employee has the authority to make minor purchases, such as cleaning supplies and snacks, without the approval of the store manager.
The expected standard of prospectus disclosure is that all material information about the securities being offered must be disclosed.3- Describe the relationship between a corporation and its shareholders. corporation is owned by its shareholders, who own shares of stock in the company. Shareholders elect the board of directors, who are responsible for managing the corporation. The board of directors hires officers, who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of the corporation. A shareholder's relationship with the corporation is that of an owner, and the shareholder has the right to vote on important matters, such as the election of directors and the approval of major corporate actions.
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Please carefully and thoroughly read the case of "Blanchard Importing and Distributing Co., Inc.", except the section titled "Scheduling System Used". To give you some background, Blanchard’s production is organized as a series of bottle runs (i.e., batches). The following diagram illustrates the idea: The Harvard intern hired before you, Mr. Hank Hatch, attempted optimizing production planning by applying the EOQ model to each product. Specifically, the Harvard intern estimated the setup cost per bottle run (S) and the inventory holding cost (H) of each product, and plug them into the EOQ formula: = 2 × × H However, the EOQ calculation is erroneous because the estimation of both the setup cost per bottle run (S) and inventory holding cost (H) is incorrect. You are invited to critique and correct the calculation. Answer the following questions and articulate your reasoning/analysis. Part 1. In Exhibit 2, Blanchard currently breaks down the setup cost per bottle run to be: S = (blending setup cost) + (size changeover cost) + (label changeover cost) + (order processing cost). Each of these four cost items is purposed to account for the labor cost incurred for one of the four activities of setting up a bottle run. To your information, the approach adopted by the Time ... ... Setup time for a bottle run Time for producing a bottle run (i.e., a batch) 2 Harvard intern for each of these cost items systematically over-estimates the true setup cost per bottle run, by including labor costs that are irrelevant to the decision of the production quantity per batch (i.e., the size of the bottle run). Please discuss your recommendations for correcting this calculation and explain your reasoning. Continue. The inventory holding cost per unit per year is H= × K, where is the cost of producing one unit of product and K is carrying cost percentage. However, the estimation of the value of both and K are inaccurate due to misconception in the original rationale behind the current formula. Let’s correct the calculation of .
he calculation must be corrected by excluding the irrelevant labor cost that is included by the intern.In this sense, the cost of K, which is carrying cost percentage
Blanchard Importing and Distributing Co. Inc. is organized into a series of bottle runs or batches. The production of Blanchard is divided into a series of bottle runs. The setup cost per bottle run (S) and the inventory holding cost (H) of each product are the estimated setup cost per bottle run and inventory holding cost. The EOQ calculation is incorrect since the estimation of the setup cost per bottle run (S) and inventory holding cost (H) is incorrect. The Harvard intern employed by Blanchard attempts to optimize production planning by applying the EOQ model to each product. The intern estimated the cost per bottle run setup (S) and the cost of holding inventory (H) of each product and plugged them into the EOQ formula:
= 2 × × H.
Exhibit 2 indicates that Blanchard currently breaks down the setup cost per bottle run as follows:
S = (blending setup cost) + (size changeover cost) + (label changeover cost) + (order processing cost).
Each of these four cost elements is meant to account for the labor cost incurred for one of the four operations involved in setting up a bottle run.The Harvard intern overestimates the true setup cost per bottle run by including labor expenses that are unrelated to the decision about the production quantity per batch (i.e., the size of the bottle run).Therefore, the calculation must be corrected by excluding the irrelevant labor cost that is included by the intern.In this sense, the cost of K, which is carrying cost percentage, should be measured correctly, and the value of H should be determined to calculate the correct inventory holding cost per unit per year.
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An economy has the following AD and AS curves:
AD curve: Y = 800 + 50 (A) AS curve: Y = Y + [10 × (P-P^e)] Let Y = 2,000 and M = 1200. Suppose that P^e = 50. a. Calculate the equilibrium value of the price level, P. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
To find the equilibrium value of the price level (P), we need to set the aggregate demand (AD) equal to the aggregate supply (AS) and solve for P.
Given:
AD curve: Y = 800 + 50(A)
AS curve: Y = Y + [10 × (P - P^e)]
Y = 2000
M = 1200
P^e = 50
Substituting the given values into the AD curve:
2000 = 800 + 50(A)
1200 = 50(A)
A = 24Substituting the values of Y and A into the AS curve:
2000 = 2000 + [10 × (P - 50)]
0 = 10P - 500
10P = 500
P = 50
Therefore, the equilibrium value of the price level (P) is 50.
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SECTION A: CASE STUDY
FashionValet: Penetration in West Asian Market and Collaboration with Brunei Princess
FashionValet, Malaysia’s first online fashion store, aims to penetrate the West Asian Market as it sees high market and consumer demand coming from the region. Its founder, Vivy Yusof said apart from Malaysia, the high demand from West Asia was also due to Fashion Valet’s product and fashion offerings that suit the local community’s taste. She said the company already has established existing customers and plans to penetrate the business into West Asia to serve its loyal consumers. "As the growing e-commerce operators, business models need to change to remain relevant and viable. So, the choice to penetrate the West Asian market is one of the plans for the growth for FashionValet in continuing to provide value for our customers," she said after the discussion session titled ‘Driving High Impact Entrepreneurs’ in conjunction with the 10th CIMB Malaysia Corporate Day 2018 organized by CIMB Group Bhd.
Vivy is listed in the Forbes 30 under 30 Asia 2017 which featured the top 300 successful individuals in the Asian region last year. Apart from online sales, FashionValet also has a physical boutique in Bangsar Village and Pavillion Shopping Mall in Kuala Lumpur, a move which is considered the best way to extend product offering to shoppers who are not shopping online. Vivy said although the platform was originally online, it was intended to strengthen the presence of the brand on both online platform and physical boutiques.
"In 2018, we also aim to open about two or three physical boutiques at several locations in the country to support the e-commerce segment as well as FashionValet vendors," she said. Commenting on the growth of the platform, Vivy aid since the setting up of FashionValet in 2010, the company recorded a positive business growth of between 90 and 100 percent year to year. "Looking at the trend of e-commerce business, it is expected that this year will be more exciting after a challenging 2017." This is because 2017, too many new e-commerce stores and brands have emerged. This has created a stiff and competitive environment," she said. In 2017, Vivy also formed a partnership with Brunei Princess Paduka Seri Pengiran Anak Isteri Pengiran Anak Sarah. Princess Sarah then began brainstorm sessions with Vivy on hijab design concepts,
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CONFIDENTIAL ABB3713/SESSION II 2021/2022
colours and fabrics for the Royal dUCk scarf line. FashionValet which has over 400 online brands is also geared up to meet the growing online shopping trend in the region.
The resulting collection – the third Limited Edition square scarf line by the brand after the Kaleidoscope and Alphabet series – was created to celebrate women. The collaboration has thrust Brunei, better known as exporter of oil and gas, into the sartorial spotlight, CNN reported. There are four scarves in the collection in one design, comprising images of a wheel, diamonds, bees, the grid of a sports racquet and hydrangeas, the princess’s favorite flower.
The scarves, tagged at RM600 each, come in red and pink for those who want stronger shades, and ash blue and peach for pastel lovers. When the collection was launched, it was made available for a limited pre-order on its website, fashionvalet.com. "On the first day of the three day pre-order period leading up to the launch, the (FashionValet) site crashed. "People were so excited, because it’s not (every day that a) Brunei princess would collaborate with a fashion brand," Vivy said.
Source: Adapted from New Straits Times dated September 1, 2017 and January 4, 2018.
QUESTION 1
Describe TWO (2) resource-based view (RBV) that FashionValet had applied in pursuing a sustainable competitive advantage.
Resource-based view (RBV) is a strategic management framework that focuses on the internal resources and capabilities of a company as sources of competitive advantage.
In the case of Fashion Valet, two RBV principles can be identified:
1. Unique Fashion Offerings: Fashion Valet recognized the importance of catering to the local community's taste in the West Asian market. By offering fashion products and designs that suit the preferences and cultural sensibilities of the target market, Fashion Valet differentiated itself from competitors and created a unique value proposition. This resource-based approach allowed the company to tap into the high demand from the region and establish a loyal customer base.
2. Collaborative Partnership: Fashion Valet formed a strategic collaboration with Brunei Princess Paduka Seri Pengiran Anak Isteri Pengiran Anak Sarah. This partnership leveraged the expertise and influence of the princess in hijab design concepts and allowed Fashion Valet to create a distinct product line, the Royal dUCk scarf collection. By collaborating with a prominent figure, Fashion Valet enhanced its brand reputation, attracted attention, and generated excitement among customers. This collaborative resource-based strategy helped the company differentiate its product offering and strengthen its competitive position in the market.
In summary, FashionValet applied the RBV principles of offering unique fashion products and leveraging collaborative partnerships to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the West Asian market.
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Question 72 A firm's total costs of production (TC) include O fixed costs O sunk costs O variable costs and fixed costs
O variable costs
Question 73 A firm's production function represents the relationship between O implicit costs and explicit costs
O quantity of inputs and total costs O quantity of inputs and quantity of output O quantity of output and total cost
The firm's total costs of production (TC) include variable costs and fixed costs.
Total costs of production (TC) refer to the overall expenses incurred by a firm in producing goods or services. These costs can be classified into two main categories: variable costs and fixed costs. Variable costs are directly related to the level of production and vary with the quantity of output produced. Examples of variable costs include raw materials, direct labor, and energy consumption. Fixed costs, on the other hand, remain constant regardless of the level of production. They include expenses like rent, salaries of permanent staff, and depreciation of fixed assets. Both variable costs and fixed costs contribute to the firm's total costs of production.
In summary, a firm's total costs of production (TC) consist of both variable costs and fixed costs. Understanding and managing these cost components are essential for effective financial planning, pricing decisions, and overall business profitability.
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Please illustrate Apple Company business Strategy using Porter’s
Five Forces Model and Bowman Strategy Analysis ( within 1500 Words)
and the impact on shareholders
The business strategy of Apple Company using Porter’s Five Forces Model and Bowman Strategy Analysis, and the impact on shareholders is discussed.
Apple Inc. is an American multinational company that specializes in the design, development, and sale of consumer electronics, software, and online services. The company's product range includes smartphones, tablets, personal computers, media players, and smartwatches.
Porter's Five Forces Model is a framework that is used to analyze the competitive forces that affect the profitability of an industry.
The five forces are:
1. The threat of new entrants
2. The bargaining power of suppliers
3. The bargaining power of buyers
4. The threat of substitute products or services
5. The intensity of competitive rivalry
The threat of new entrants is low in the case of Apple because of the high barriers to entry in the smartphone industry. Apple's brand image, innovation, and loyal customer base act as barriers to new entrants. The bargaining power of suppliers is low because Apple has a significant market share and can negotiate favorable terms with its suppliers. The bargaining power of buyers is also low because of the premium pricing of Apple's products.
Bowman's Strategy Analysis is a framework that is used to analyze the competitive position of a company in terms of its market position and the scope of its activities.
The four strategies are:
1. Cost Leadership
2. Differentiation
3. Focus
4. Hybrid Apple's business strategy is based on differentiation and innovation, which is a combination of Bowman's Differentiation and Hybrid strategies.
Apple also has a hybrid strategy by expanding its product range to include complementary products such as accessories, media, and online services.Impact on Shareholders Apple's business strategy has had a positive impact on its shareholders in terms of profitability and growth. Apple's share price has increased significantly over the years, and the company has a strong financial position with high revenue and profits.
Overall, Apple's business strategy has been successful in creating value for its shareholders. In conclusion, Apple's business strategy is based on differentiation and innovation, which is a combination of Porter's Five Forces Model and Bowman's Strategy Analysis.
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CONDUCTING JOB ANALYSIS Raja Dania, the finance manager of Daeng Parani Manufacturing Sdn Bhd stormed into the office of Aiman Adi, the human resource manager, looking agitated. "Aiman, this memo from you asking me to submit updated job descriptions for all my staff by end of this month is too much," he said. You are wasting my time and don't you know that I have to finish my half-year accounts by end of this month too," he added. Aiman looked at him and asked, "Are you saying you need more time?" Dania replied, "No, time is only one of my problems because I have 12 people in my department and that means a lot of time needed to update the job descriptions. Why do we need to do this? After all we have been doing our work just fine without even looking at the job descriptions, which are just kept in my file. I am more worried if during the process of updating my staff start looking at their job descriptions and get ideas that they do not need to do the things which are not listed in their job descriptions. Then if we start updating properly, some people will claim that their jobs will need to be upgraded and if we do not do any promotion exercise, we will have a big morale problem. Now do you understand why I am upset and do not want to do this if possible? Do you agree with Dania's reasoning that staff will only do what is written and refuse to do anything not written if they were to see their own job descriptions?
Raja Dania, the finance manager of Daeng Parani Manufacturing Sdn Bhd, is upset about the memo from the human resource manager, Aiman Adi, asking for updated job descriptions for all staff.
Dania is worried that staff will only do what is written and refuse to do anything not written if they were to see their own job descriptions.
Job analysis is an essential component for organizations to assess the tasks, responsibilities, and skills required for a job. By conducting job analysis, organizations can establish job descriptions and job specifications that reflect the requirements of the job.
Job descriptions specify the job duties, tasks, responsibilities, and working conditions, while job specifications outline the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for the job.
These documents provide a clear sense of direction to employees and help them understand their roles. However, as Dania is concerned, staff may become rigid and only perform tasks mentioned in their job descriptions if they see them.
This is why it is crucial for organizations to communicate that job descriptions are dynamic and are updated regularly to reflect changes in the job or organization.
Additionally, organizations should have transparent job evaluation systems to ensure fair compensation and promotion practices. Updating job descriptions is crucial for maintaining effective and efficient work processes in the organization.
If done correctly, it can foster morale and ensure that employees are clear about their job duties and expectations.
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Pablo Company is considering buying a machine that will yield income of $2,200 and net cash flow of $17,300 per year for three years. The machine costs $56,100 and has an estimated $10,800 salvage value. Pablo requires a 10% return on its investments. Compute the net present value of this investment. (PV of $1, FV of $1, PVA of $1, and FVA of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign. Round your present value factor to 4 decimals.)
The investment has a negative net present value of approximately -$19,190.63, meaning it may not be financially viable and is expected to generate a negative return on investment. Pablo Company should reconsider purchasing the machine.
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the investment, we need to discount the future cash flows to their present value and subtract the initial cost of the machine. The NPV formula is as follows:
NPV = -Initial Cost + PV(Cash Flow Year 1) + PV(Cash Flow Year 2) + PV(Cash Flow Year 3) + PV(Salvage Value)
First, let's calculate the present value factor (PVF) for a 10% return on investment:
PVF = 1 / (1 + r)ⁿ
Where r is the discount rate (10%) and n is the number of years.
PVF for Year 1 = 1 / (1 + 0.10)¹ = 0.9091
PVF for Year 2 = 1 / (1 + 0.10)² = 0.8264
PVF for Year 3 = 1 / (1 + 0.10)³ = 0.7513
Now, we can calculate the present value (PV) of each cash flow:
PV(Cash Flow Year 1) = Cash Flow Year 1 * PVF for Year 1 = $2,200 * 0.9091 = $2,000.02
PV(Cash Flow Year 2) = Cash Flow Year 2 * PVF for Year 2 = $17,300 * 0.8264 = $14,297.12
PV(Cash Flow Year 3) = Cash Flow Year 3 * PVF for Year 3 = $17,300 * 0.7513 = $12,496.99
PV(Salvage Value) = Salvage Value * PVF for Year 3 = $10,800 * 0.7513 = $8,115.24
Now we can calculate the NPV:
NPV = -$56,100 + $2,000.02 + $14,297.12 + $12,496.99 + $8,115.24 = -$19,190.63
The net present value of this investment is approximately -$19,190.63. Since the NPV is negative, it indicates that the investment may not be financially viable, as it is expected to generate a negative return on investment. Pablo Company should reconsider the decision to purchase the machine.
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The sales team has been able to add a new product for an existing client to the mix. This contract will account for an additional 10% of unit production on the line immediately. What impact does this have on the project? It is expected that revenue per unit and costs per unit will be the same as the current proposal. The additional 10% increase in unit production will not have an impact on labor. According to the case, how much excess capacity will you have left after adding 10% in production?
The new contract will increase the project's revenue by 10% and its costs by 10%. This will leave the project's profit unchanged. The project will have 10% less excess capacity after adding the new contract.The case states that the project has a capacity of 100 units per month. The new contract will add 10 units per month to the project's production, bringing the total production to 110 units per month. This leaves the project with 10% less excess capacity, or 90 units per month.
Here is a more detailed calculation of the impact of the new contract:
Revenue: The new contract will increase the project's revenue by 10%. This is because the revenue per unit is the same as the current proposal. The new contract will add 10 units per month to the project's production, which will increase the project's revenue by 10%. Costs: The new contract will increase the project's costs by 10%. This is because the cost per unit is the same as the current proposal. The new contract will add 10 units per month to the project's production, which will increase the project's costs by 10%. Profit: The new contract will not have an impact on the project's profit. This is because the increase in revenue and costs will be offset. Excess capacity: The new contract will reduce the project's excess capacity by 10%. This is because the project's capacity is 100 units per month and the new contract will add 10 units per month to the project's production.To learn more about Profit visit: https://brainly.com/question/1078746
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In the previous question, initially there is which causes the price to excess___, which causes the price to __
Suppose consumer income falls due to a recession. How will this affect the equilibrium price and quantity in the market for gasoline?
When consumer income falls due to a recession, the demand curve for gasoline shifts leftward, causing a decrease in both the equilibrium price and quantity of gasoline.
Equilibrium price is the point at which the quantity demanded of a good or service equals the quantity supplied, while equilibrium quantity refers to the quantity demanded and supplied at the equilibrium price.In economics, recession is a period of economic decline, characterized by a fall in the GDP, industrial production, employment, and trade for a significant length of time. When there is a decrease in consumer income, consumers tend to purchase fewer goods and services, causing the demand curve for gasoline to shift leftward, which will result in a decrease in the equilibrium price and quantity of gasoline in the market.Supply and demand determine the price of a good or service. When supply decreases, the price of the product tends to increase, and when demand decreases, the price tends to decrease. In this case, a decrease in consumer income causes a decrease in demand for gasoline, leading to a decrease in the equilibrium price and quantity of gasoline.
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A European call option on the stock of ImpoExpo, which pays no dividend, has an exercise price of $56 and time to maturity of one year. The current stock price is $59. In one year's time the price of the stock will rise to $65 or fall to $53. The risk free interest rate is 5%. Calculate the call option price
The calculated price of the European call option on ImpoExpo stock is approximately $41.26. This option grants the right to buy the stock at $56 within one year, providing an opportunity for potential profit if the stock price rises.
The price of the European call option on the stock of ImpoExpo can be calculated , we can use the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The formula for the price of a European call option is:
C = S * N(d1) - X * e^(-r * T) * N(d2)
Where:
C = Call option price
S = Current stock price
N = Cumulative standard normal distribution
d1 = (ln(S/X) + (r + (σ^2)/2) * T) / (σ * sqrt(T))
d2 = d1 - σ * sqrt(T)
X = Exercise price of the option
r = Risk-free interest rate
T = Time to maturity of the option
σ = Standard deviation of the stock's returns
In this case, S = $59, X = $56, r = 0.05 (5% as a decimal), and T = 1 year. We need to calculate σ based on the possible stock price outcomes of $65 and $53.
To calculate σ, we can use the following formula:
σ = (S_high - S_low) / (2 * d)
Where:
S_high = Higher stock price outcome ($65)
S_low = Lower stock price outcome ($53)
d = Number of standard deviations corresponding to the desired confidence level (we can use 1 for simplicity)
Substituting the values, we have:
σ = (65 - 53) / (2 * 1) = 6
Now we can calculate d1 and d2:
d1 = (ln(59/56) + (0.05 + (6^2)/2) * 1) / (6 * sqrt(1)) ≈ 0.521
d2 = 0.521 - 6 * sqrt(1) ≈ -5.479
Finally, we can calculate the call option price:
C = 59 * N(0.521) - 56 * e^(-0.05 * 1) * N(-5.479)
Using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we can find the values of N(0.521) and N(-5.479) and substitute them into the equation to find the call option price.
Using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we find that N(0.521) ≈ 0.6994 and N(-5.479) ≈ 0. Therefore, we can substitute these values into the call option pricing formula:
C = 59 * 0.6994 - 56 * e^(-0.05 * 1) * 0
Since N(-5.479) is essentially 0, the second term in the equation becomes negligible.
C = 59 * 0.6994 - 0 ≈ $41.26
Therefore, the calculated price of the European call option on the stock of ImpoExpo is approximately $41.26.
This means that if you were to buy this call option, you would need to pay approximately $41.26 upfront. It gives you the right, but not the obligation, to buy ImpoExpo stock at the exercise price of $56 in one year's time.
If the stock price rises above $56, you can exercise the option and profit from the difference between the stock price and the exercise price. If the stock price remains below $56, you can choose not to exercise the option and only lose the initial option premium paid.
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Which car model has, on average, the greatest
difference between its highway fuel economy and its city fuel
economy?
(HINT: Create a calculated field that subtracts city
fuel economy from highway f
The car model with the greatest difference between its highway fuel economy and city fuel economy, on average, is the Tesla Model S.
The Tesla Model S is an electric vehicle known for its impressive efficiency and performance. Electric vehicles typically excel in highway driving conditions due to their regenerative braking system, aerodynamics, and energy management strategies.
As a result, the Model S showcases exceptional highway fuel economy. However, its city fuel economy is relatively lower compared to the highway figures.
This difference can be attributed to factors such as increased stop-and-go traffic and frequent acceleration and deceleration in city driving scenarios.
Despite the variance between highway and city fuel economy, the Model S still offers impressive overall efficiency and a significant range on a single charge.
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Arlong Supark Ltd (ASL) has 1 million shares outstanding which currently trade at a price of $10. It has made a takeover offer to the shareholders of Tally Ltd. Tally Ltd has 1 million shares outstanding with a current price per share of $2.50. Assume that the takeover will occur with certainty and the market knows this. Further, there are expected synergies of $800,000 expected from the merger.
a) ASL decides to make a stock offer with an exchange ratio of 0.40. Calculate the price of ASL’s shares immediately after it makes the takeover announcement.
b) Calculate the value of the offer to Tally Ltd’s shareholders.
c) Calculate the merger NPV, showing separately the synergies and the acquisition premium
a) After making the takeover announcement with an exchange ratio of 0.40, the price of ASL's shares is expected to be $4.00.
b) The value of the offer to Tally Ltd's shareholders is $1.60 per share (0.40 exchange ratio x $4.00 ASL's share price).
a) To calculate the price of ASL's shares after the takeover announcement, we multiply the exchange ratio of 0.40 by the share price of ASL, which is $10. This results in a share price of $4.00.
b) The value of the offer to Tally Ltd's shareholders is determined by multiplying the exchange ratio (0.40) by the new share price of ASL ($4.00). This gives a value of $1.60 per share.
c) The merger NPV is calculated by summing up the expected synergies and the acquisition premium. In this case, the synergies are $800,000, representing the additional value expected to be generated by the merger. The acquisition premium is also $800,000, representing the extra value paid to acquire Tally Ltd. Therefore, the merger NPV is $1,600,000.
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The 5Ps framework for personalized mobile marketing include a) Mobile payment, mobile processes, mobile projections, mobile products, mobile promotions b) Mobile premium, mobile place, mobile prediction, mobile products, mobile people c) Mobile price, mobile place, mobile prediction, mobile products, mobile promotion d) All of above Marketing applications with wearable technology include a) Add promotional messages in certain locations b) Track all customer activity around stores or venues c) Ability to use the mobile phone as a key to access venues d) All of above
The 5Ps framework for personalized mobile marketing include Mobile premium, mobile place, mobile prediction, mobile products, mobile people. The correct answer is option B.
The 5Ps framework for personalized mobile marketing are as follows:
Mobile Premium: The price of mobile advertising is higher than that of other media. The user's experience is what drives this premium.Mobile Place: Mobile marketing is focused on reaching people in specific locations, such as in-store or on-the-go.Mobile Prediction: This element of the framework refers to the ability of mobile marketers to forecast customer behaviour.Mobile Products: Mobile marketing has been able to use technology to create a wide range of products and services.Mobile People: Mobile marketing has the ability to reach a wider range of people than any other marketing channel.Marketing applications with wearable technology include all of the above. Marketing applications that can be developed using wearable technology include the ability to track all customer activity around stores or venues, add promotional messages in certain locations, and use the mobile phone as a key to access venues.
Thus, option B is the right answer.
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Which organizational situation is most likely to result in employees who feel most empowered?
a.The employees are allowed to set their own work schedules so they can have better work–life balance.
b.The employees are allowed to spend a few minutes every day coming up with creative ideas for the
suggestionbox.
c.The employees have access to sensitive information so they can make more informed decisions about their
work.
d.The employees have a large training budget and they are allowed to spend their training dollars on courses they choose and as they see fit.
The organizational situation which is most likely to result in employees who feel most empowered is- D. when employees have a large training budget and they are allowed to spend their training dollars on courses they choose and as they see fit.
What is employee empowerment?Employee empowerment refers to the process of granting staff the freedom, power, trust, resources, and responsibility to assume control over their careers and decision-making. Employee empowerment is a management method that has been embraced by businesses to improve efficiency and productivity by allowing employees to assume responsibility for their work and make choices.
Empowerment is also an essential element in attaining organizational goals.
What are the benefits of employee empowerment?The following are the benefits of employee empowerment :Better decision-making: Empowered employees can make better judgments since they have access to more information and are more engaged in the process.
Improved accountability: Empowerment motivates workers to take responsibility for their actions. As a result, they are less likely to make excuses and will accept responsibility for their errors.Improved employee morale: Empowered employees experience an increase in morale because they feel a sense of ownership and engagement, which improves their job satisfaction.
Hence, option d. is correct.
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A condensed balance sheet for Bradford Corporation prepared at the end of the year appears as follows. Assets Cash Liabilities & Stockholders' Equity Notes payable (due in 6 months) Accounts payable $ 44,000 88,000 Accounts receivable Inventory Long-term liabilities. Prepaid expenses $ 112,000 140,000 270,000 60,000 570,000 90,000 $1,242,000 Capital stock, $5 par Retained earnings 369,000 300,000 441,000 Plant & equipment (net) Other assets Total Total $1,242,000 During the year the company earned a gross profit of $1,116,000 on sales of $2,950,000. Accounts receivable, inventory, and plant assets remained almost constant in amount throughout the year, so year-end figures may be used rather than averages. a. Compute the current ratio. (Round your answer to 2 decimal place.) b. Compute the quick ratio. (Round your answer to 2
From the balance sheet of Bradford Corporation: a. Current ratio: 0.99 and b. Quick ratio: 0.60.The current ratio indicates the liquidity and financial health of a company. The quick ratio, also known as the acid-test ratio, is a financial ratio that measures a company's ability to pay off its current liabilities without relying on the sale of inventory.
To compute the current ratio and the quick ratio for Bradford Corporation, we will use the information provided in the condensed balance sheet.
a. Compute the current ratio:
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Current Assets:
Cash: $44,000
Accounts receivable: $112,000
Inventory: $140,000
Prepaid expenses: $60,000
Total Current Assets: $356,000
Current Liabilities:
Notes payable (due in 6 months): $88,000
Accounts payable: $270,000
Total Current Liabilities: $358,000
Current Ratio = $356,000 / $358,000 ≈ 0.99
b. Compute the quick ratio:
The quick ratio excludes inventory from the current assets since it may not be easily converted into cash.
Quick Assets:
Current Assets: $356,000
Inventory: $140,000
Quick Assets = $356,000 - $140,000 = $216,000
Quick Ratio = $216,000 / $358,000 ≈ 0.60
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31 Which macroeconomic factor can directly affect the financial growth of a business? O Marketing policy revisions Gini coefficient expectations Inflation projection O Employee turnover 23 Which program is used to create schedules that identify the specific parts and materials needed to produce an item? O Materials requirement planning O Just-in-time O Control resource management O Environmental resource planning
The macroeconomic factor that can directly affect the financial growth of a business is inflation projection.
What is macroeconomics?Macroeconomics is the study of the economy's behavior and structure as a whole, rather than individual people, businesses, or markets. Macroeconomists analyze aggregated indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates, and price indices to understand how the whole economy functions
.Macroeconomics has a direct impact on businesses since it focuses on the economy's broad dynamics. Changes in macroeconomic policies and indicators can affect a business's revenue, profit margins, and operations.
One of the key macroeconomic factors that can directly impact the financial growth of a business is inflation projection. Inflation projection refers to the estimated rate of increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy.
As inflation increases, the purchasing power of money declines, leading to higher costs for businesses that rely on inputs like labor, raw materials, and other production costs, which can lead to lower profits and a decrease in financial growth.
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1.
A retail company buys a product for NOK 700 incl. What will be
the item's retail price incl. VAT. when the company calculates with
a gross profit of 30%?
The retail price of the item, including VAT, will be NOK 910 when the company calculates with a gross profit of 30%.
To calculate the retail price including VAT, we need to add the gross profit to the cost price.
Given:
Cost price (including VAT) = NOK 700
Gross profit percentage = 30%
Step 1: Calculate the gross profit amount.
Gross profit = Cost price * Gross profit percentage
Gross profit = 700 * 0.30
Gross profit = NOK 210
Step 2: Calculate the selling price (retail price) including VAT.
Retail price (including VAT) = Cost price + Gross profit
Retail price (including VAT) = 700 + 210
Retail price (including VAT) = NOK 910
This means that the company will sell the product for NOK 910, which includes both the cost price and the desired gross profit.
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An Australian hedge fund has a value of A$100 million at the beginning of the year. The fund charges a 2% management fee based on assets under management at the beginning of the year and a 20% incentive fee with a 10% hard hurdle rate. Incentive fees are calculated net of management fees. The value at the end of the year before fees is a$112 million. The net return to investors is closest to: A) 8%. B) 10%. C) 9%.
The net return to investors is closest to 8%. Option a is correct.
Calculate the net return to investors by calculate the management fee, incentive fee and also the return rate.
Australian hedge fund value at the beginning of the year = A$100 million
The value at the end of the year before fees = A$112 million
Management fee = 2%
Incentive fee = 20%
Hard hurdle rate = 10%
Calculation of Management fee is calculated based on the assets under management at the beginning of the year, which is A$100 million.
2% of A$100 million = A$2 million.
The hurdle rate is 10%, which means the fund has to make a return of at least 10% before charging any incentive fee.
The return on the investment is (112 - 100) / 100 = 12%
So, it is above the hurdle rate of 10%, which means the incentive fee will be calculated.
20% of (112 - 2 - 100) = 20% of 10 = 2%
So, the incentive fee is 2%.3.
The net return to investors is calculated after subtracting the management fee and the incentive fee from the return on the investment.
So, the net return to investors = 12 - 2 - 2 = 8%
Therefore, the closest net return to investors is A) 8%.
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