Quasi-experiments are similar to true experiments, except that they do not have random allocation of subjects to conditions. Researchers who use quasi-experiments are not able to claim the cause-and-effect relationships that can be obtained from true experiments.
Quasi-experiments are similar to true experiments in many ways, but they lack the key feature of random assignment to treatment or control groups. Because of this, it is more difficult to infer causation. In quasi-experimental studies, the subjects are not randomly assigned to groups or conditions. As a result, the groups being studied may be unequal before any treatment is applied. Hence, one of the main differences between quasi-experimental studies and true experimental studies is the lack of randomization.In a quasi-experiment, researchers might choose to use this design when random assignment is not feasible, ethical, or practical. One example of this might be in the field of education research, where researchers might be interested in studying the effectiveness of a new teaching method. If a particular school or district is already using the new method, it may not be possible or ethical to randomly assign some students to the new method and others to the old method. Instead, researchers might choose to compare students who are similar in terms of their background and previous achievement levels, but who are in different classrooms or schools that use different methods.
A quasi-experiment is a type of research design in which researchers choose groups based on pre-existing conditions or characteristics, rather than randomly assigning subjects to groups as in a true experiment. This means that there is a lack of control over extraneous variables, making it more difficult to establish causality.In some cases, researchers may choose to use a quasi-experimental design when it is not feasible or ethical to use a true experimental design. For example, if a researcher wants to study the effectiveness of a new medical treatment, it may not be ethical to randomly assign some patients to receive the treatment and others to receive a placebo. Instead, the researcher may choose to compare patients who are similar in terms of their condition and other relevant factors, but who have already received different treatments before the study began. Another example might be in the field of education research, where researchers might be interested in studying the effectiveness of a new teaching method. If a particular school or district is already using the new method, it may not be possible or ethical to randomly assign some students to the new method and others to the old method. Instead, researchers might choose to compare students who are similar in terms of their background and previous achievement levels, but who are in different classrooms or schools that use different methods.
In conclusion, quasi-experimental designs are a useful research tool when random assignment is not possible or practical. While they do have some limitations, they can still provide valuable insights into the relationships between variables. It is important for researchers to carefully consider the strengths and weaknesses of different research designs and choose the one that is best suited to their research question.
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write an essay outline of the topic, the benefits of outdoor
play for children, with a thesis statement, and a proper
conclusion, and must provide 3 refferences in APA format.
An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's argument, but the definition is vague.
An essay is a literary writing that analyses, interprets or critiques literature. In comparison to a dissertation or thesis, it is often considerably shorter, less structured, and not as formal, and it addresses the subject from a particular, frequently personal standpoint. A piece of writing that provides the author's argument is generally referred to as an essay.
An essay is a piece of prose that attempts to persuade the reader of a certain point of view or to merely inform them on a certain subject. The essay must contain several crucial elements to make sense and convince or fully enlighten the reader.
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A woman at the ice cream shop cannot decide what flavor to get, so she asks to try out a few flavors before buying. After a while, she ends up holding up the line because she keeps wanting to try all the flavors. The people in line soon get frustrated and start giving her weird looks. What best explains why people would get frustrated with her? They believe what she is doing is unethical, but they cannot explain why They have been conditioned to only wait a certain amount of time for ice cream She should be able to imagine what the flavors taste like She is breaking an unspoken social norm
The best explanation of why people would get frustrated with a woman who cannot decide on which flavor to buy and is taking too long trying out flavors is that she is breaking an unspoken social norm.
Unspoken social norms are rules that govern behavior within a group of individuals without being explicitly stated or codified in law or policy. People are expected to conform to these rules and norms without being instructed on them. One such social norm is to move swiftly through an ice cream line and not to keep others waiting unnecessarily.
In this scenario, the woman is breaking this unspoken social norm by taking a lot of time trying different flavors, and this is causing frustration among the people in line who are now giving her weird looks. They expected her to pick a flavor quickly so that they could also place their orders. Therefore, it can be concluded that the best explanation of why people would get frustrated with her is that she is breaking an unspoken social norm.
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1. Describe how personality traits are affected by age.
2. Describe the consequences of divorce.
Which of the following is the best example of a token reinforcer? O
a. a favorite activity b. a gift certificate c. praise d. a check marks
The best example of a token reinforcer is a check mark. (option d)
Token reinforcement is a type of behavior modification technique where tokens or symbols are given as rewards for desired behaviors. These tokens can later be exchanged for other reinforcers or privileges.
In the given options, a check mark is the best example of a token reinforcer. Check marks can be used as tokens to represent completion or achievement of a specific behavior or task. For example, in a classroom setting, students may receive a check mark on a chart or a token for completing their assignments. These check marks can later be exchanged for privileges like choosing a preferred activity or receiving a small reward.
While options (a) a favorite activity, (b) a gift certificate, and (c) praise can all serve as reinforcers, they do not specifically represent tokens that can be accumulated and later exchanged for other rewards.
Therefore, the correct answer is option d. a check marks.
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Conceptualization is the process by which we spell out precisely
how a concept will be measured.
Group of answer choices
True
False
The given statement, Conceptualization is the process by which we spell out precisely how a concept will be measured is true.
This process involves examining all of the nuances associated with the concept so that the most accurate data is collected. It is important to conceptualize with a specific goal in mind - understanding the concept in its entirety and developing measures that best capture what is being studied. In addition, this process requires an in-depth consideration of the validity, reliability, and objectivity of the measures used.
Without conceptualization, there is a higher risk of data collection methods capturing superficial information that does not accurately represent the concept, leading to the findings being biased and potentially unreliable. All in all, conceptualization is an essential step of any research process, allowing us to collect the most objective and accurate information.
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Which of the following is the correct ordering of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, from bottom to top? A. safety, physiological, belonging and love, self-actualization, self-esteem B. physiological, safety, belonging and love, self-esteem, self-actualization C. safety, physiological self-esteem, belonging and love, self-actualization Student Course Evaluations D. physiological, safety, self-actualization, belonging and love, self-esteem
The correct option is B. The correct ordering of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, from bottom to top is Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, and Self-actualization.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is a motivational theory that suggests people are motivated to satisfy their physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, and self-actualization needs. Physiological needs, which are at the base of the hierarchy, are the most fundamental needs. Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been represented in a pyramid shape that indicates that physiological needs are the most basic and primary needs and that they must be met before an individual can progress to the next level of needs, which is safety, followed by belongingness and love, esteem, and self-actualization.
The correct ordering of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, from bottom to top is Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, and Self-actualization.
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According to 'Understanding Police Use of Force', the following are key elements in the police/citizen encounters except:
a. Breakdown of the Principle of Reciprocity.
b. Authority Maintenance Theory.
c. Centrality of Authority.
d. Asymmetry of authority in the relationship.
In the last 2 sentences of the Communist Manifesto, Marx says "What the bourgeoisie therefore produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers. It’s fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable." Discuss this quote. How is the Bourgeoisie producing its own grave-diggers? How is this related to profiting off the proletariat?
In the last two sentences of the Communist Manifesto, Marx argues that the bourgeoisie, by creating and employing the proletariat, has produced its own gravediggers.
The quote implies that the bourgeoisie's economic structure and system are inherently unstable, and will eventually lead to their downfall. he bourgeoisie is producing its own gravediggers by creating and employing the proletariat. The capitalist bourgeoisie accumulates wealth by exploiting the working class.
As a result, the working class becomes aware of their exploitation and their working conditions, and they unite to form a class-conscious community. They will use their power to overthrow the ruling class and establish a socialist state, according to Marx. This is how the bourgeoisie is producing its own gravediggers.
According to Marx, the bourgeoisie profit from the exploitation of the proletariat. The proletariat, on the other hand, feels oppressed by the bourgeoisie and wants to revolt. In other words, the bourgeoisie is producing its own gravediggers by profiting off the proletariat. The bourgeoisie is dependent on the working class for the production of goods, but they do not share the profits equally.
The working class, therefore, has nothing to lose by rising up against the bourgeoisie. In fact, they have everything to gain by doing so.
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Describe the state of your Spiritual Self during the onset of
the Covid-19 pandemic until now. What have changed?
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on my spiritual self, prompting both changes and reflections.
During the onset of the pandemic, I found myself feeling anxious, uncertain, and overwhelmed. The global crisis disrupted normalcy and challenged my beliefs and faith. I grappled with questions about the nature of suffering, the fragility of life, and the existence of a higher power amidst the chaos. I sought solace and comfort in my spiritual practices, turning to prayer, meditation, and connecting with like-minded individuals virtually. These practices provided a sense of grounding, hope, and a reminder of the interconnectedness of humanity.
As the pandemic progressed, my spiritual self underwent a transformation. The enforced isolation and slowed pace of life allowed for introspection and self-reflection. I reevaluated my priorities, recognizing the importance of gratitude, compassion, and self-care. The pandemic heightened my awareness of the fragility of life and the significance of cherishing moments of joy and connection.
The pandemic also deepened my empathy and compassion towards others. Witnessing the suffering and resilience of individuals and communities around the world fostered a sense of interconnectedness and a commitment to collective well-being. I became more involved in humanitarian efforts, volunteering my time and resources to support those in need.
In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic brought about a journey of self-discovery, reflection, and transformation for my spiritual self. It prompted a reassessment of priorities, deepened my empathy, and reinforced the importance of gratitude and compassion.
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You are able to walk through a dark room without seeing any of your limbs, and yet you know exactly where each one is and have a decent sense of where you are in the room. What is responsible for this? a. Exreasensation b. Intraception c. Proprioception d. Closure
Proprioception is responsible for knowing the exact position of the limbs even in a dark room. It is the ability of the body to sense and interpret the position, movement, and orientation of the body parts even without the aid of vision.The answer is C.
Proprioception is the sense of one's physical orientation and movement. Proprioception provides individuals with the ability to sense and interpret body position, movement, and force.
For example, when you close your eyes and try to touch your nose with your finger, you can easily sense the location of your nose, the distance between your finger and your nose, and the movement of your arm and finger.The proprioceptive sense is responsible for body awareness, coordination, balance, and posture.
Proprioception relies on receptors in the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints that send sensory information to the brain. The brain then processes the information and sends motor commands to the muscles to adjust and maintain body position and movement.
The answer is C.In conclusion, proprioception is the reason why we can walk through a dark room without seeing any of our limbs but still know the exact position of each one and have a decent sense of where we are in the room.
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A large ________ study was begun in 1968 by european researchers karl o. christiansen and sarnoff mednick.
A large genetic study was initiated in 1968 by Karl O. Christiansen and Sarnoff Mednick, European researchers.
Karl O. Christiansen and Sarnoff Mednick, European researchers, initiated a significant genetic study in 1968. In the study, which included 14,427 pairs of twins, the researchers studied the incidence of criminality and other factors such as the presence of a criminal father or the absence of a mother. The study aimed to determine the correlation between criminal tendencies and genetic predisposition, as well as the potential impacts of environmental factors. Despite some criticism of the study's methods and findings, it was instrumental in sparking interest in the field of behavioral genetics and subsequent research. Christiansen and Mednick's work has also been cited in recent debates on the use of genetic data in criminal justice, with some arguing that genetic evidence could be used to predict criminal behavior.
A major genetic study began in 1968, led by Karl O. Christiansen and Sarnoff Mednick, European researchers. The study was aimed at determining the correlation between criminal tendencies and genetic predisposition, as well as the potential impacts of environmental factors. Despite some criticism, the study sparked interest in the field of behavioral genetics and has been cited in recent debates on the use of genetic data in criminal justice.
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Is a hat just a hat?
48-year-old, Robert Lund, vice president for engineering at Thiokol, was one of the four company officials who overruled staff engineers and agreed to give NASA permission to launch the Challenger. Prior to making this decision, he was told to take off his engineering hat and put on his management hat. What does this mean? Can an engineer who has become a manager truly ever take off their engineer's hat? Should they?
250 Words
The phrase "take off your engineering hat and put on your management hat" means that an individual in a position of management should stop thinking as an engineer and instead think as a manager.
It is an indication that their role requires them to focus more on management responsibilities such as organizing, planning, coordinating, and leading. An engineer who has become a manager cannot entirely take off their engineer's hat but should balance their skills in both areas of their expertise. Engineers who become managers have the advantage of possessing technical knowledge and experience, which is vital in managing engineering and technical projects.
In their role as a manager, they need to balance their technical background and management skills, not forgetting that they have been trained to solve problems and optimize solutions as engineers. They have to learn how to manage people, budget, and the day-to-day running of the organization. Managers who have engineering skills can have an advantage over other managers in engineering-oriented organizations as they have experience in their field of work and can understand the problems that their teams may face.
Therefore, while the engineering hat cannot entirely come off, engineers should strive to maintain a balance in both areas of expertise to ensure successful management of their teams and organizations.
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Sociology
The Protestant Work Ethic in the Information Age:
Weber believed that differences in capitalism could be attributed to the emphasis on community in Catholicism versus the emphasis on individual achievement in Protestantism. Would that statement accurately apply today? Why or why not?
Sociology is a scientific study of social relationships, social interaction, and the structures and processes of society.
Max Weber believed that differences in capitalism could be attributed to the emphasis on community in Catholicism versus the emphasis on individual achievement in Protestantism. Here's the explanation if the statement accurately applies today or not? Max Weber's theory of the Protestant work ethic suggested that Protestantism had a considerable impact on the development of capitalism.
Weber argued that certain Protestant sects, particularly Calvinism, had promoted specific work values that helped facilitate the transition to capitalism.The doctrine of predestination promoted by Calvinism suggested that God had preordained a small group of people for salvation. This group of people, according to Weber, would express their predestined status by engaging in work, success, and entrepreneurial activity as a means of proving their election.
Because of their work habits, Calvinists prospered. The prosperity of Calvinists, according to Weber, led to the emergence of capitalism.Therefore, the statement would not apply today because today's world is dominated by technology and different factors that were not in existence during Weber's time. Today, technology has influenced how businesses are conducted, and therefore, the Protestant work ethic could not be applied accurately.
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Weber's statement on capitalism differences may not accurately apply today due to the complex and varied interactions between capitalism and religious beliefs, making it challenging to make broad generalizations about their relationship.
The statement may not accurately apply today as societal values and religious beliefs have evolved over time, leading to complex interactions between capitalism and different religious traditions that go beyond Weber's original thesis. While certain religious teachings may still influence individual behavior and community dynamics, the impact of religion on capitalism is multifaceted and can vary significantly across regions, cultures, and individual interpretations of faith. Additionally, the globalized nature of contemporary capitalism and the presence of diverse religious traditions make it challenging to make broad generalizations about the relationship between religion and economic systems in the present day.
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You have just conducted a functional assessment for Larry’s problem behaviors of hitting, screaming, and kicking. You hypothesize that when Larry’s dad tells him "no" and Larry throws a tantrum, his dad reinforces his problem behaviors by sitting down and talking with him. What two conditions (experimental and control condition) would you use in a functional analysis (where you are manipulating the consequence) to determine your hypothesis is correct?
In the experimental condition, the response class would be reinforced each time, while in the control condition, it would not be reinforced.
The two conditions that could be used in a functional analysis to determine the hypothesis are as follows:
Experimental condition: This condition would manipulate the consequences for the behavior of the person being observed. The response class that includes the behaviors of hitting, screaming, and kicking could be chosen for Larry. In the experimental condition, the consequence of the behavior would be to reinforce the behavior every time it occurs. Control condition: This condition would provide information about the role of different environmental events or contexts in the occurrence of the target behavior. In the control condition, Larry’s dad would not reinforce the behaviors of hitting, screaming, and kicking.
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The president of a bank refuses to hire the most qualified candidate for a management position because he is a jewish. this is an example of:________
The situation described, where the president of a bank refuses to hire a qualified candidate for a management position because he is Jewish, is an example of religious discrimination.
Religious discrimination occurs when someone is treated unfairly or denied opportunities based on their religious beliefs or practices.
In this case, the president's decision to not hire the candidate solely because of their Jewish background is discriminatory and goes against principles of equal opportunity and fairness. It is important to note that discrimination based on religion is illegal in many countries and goes against ethical standards.
Employment decisions should be based on an individual's qualifications, skills, and abilities, rather than their religious beliefs or any other irrelevant factors. By refusing to hire the most qualified candidate because of their religion, the president is not only violating the rights of the candidate but also hindering the bank's ability to hire the most competent and capable person for the job.
Addressing religious discrimination in the workplace requires organizations to have clear policies and procedures in place to prevent and address such issues. It is crucial for employers to create an inclusive and diverse work environment where individuals are judged solely on their merits and contributions, rather than their religious affiliation.
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Using social identity or LMX theory, how would you characterize the quality of your relationship with a current or previous leader? Be sure to use a pseudonym to protect the identity of the leader. How could one or both theories be applied to improve the quality of the relationship? Use specific examples to illustrate your response. Share your thoughts.
Social identity theory is a theory that explains how people categorize themselves as well as others into social groups. LMX theory is a relationship theory that focuses on interactions between supervisors and subordinates.
Social identity theory indicates that humans have a natural propensity to distinguish between social groups and that these groups have a significant impact on their self-concept. The interaction between social identity and leadership is crucial for maintaining healthy working relationships. In my previous organization, I had a manager who was excellent at interacting with all of us as a team and developing group dynamics; she was well-liked and respected by the majority of the team, and her presence improved our job satisfaction and motivation. LMX theory emphasizes the importance of creating and nurturing positive working relationships. In addition to receiving favorable treatment, workers with higher-quality connections are more satisfied with their work and organization.
Developing open lines of communication, feedback, and ongoing performance assessments would help us improve the quality of our relationships with leaders. Using LMX theory, we may concentrate on establishing quality partnerships rather than just formal hierarchical ones. This might be done by providing workers with additional control over their tasks, greater participation in decision-making, and more direct communication with their superiors.
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Jay is walking down the street of New York City and he sees a crowd of people stopped and they are all looking at the top of a building. Jay stops to look. This is an example of: O Conformity O Obedience O Groupthink O Deindividuation After being rejected by all of the colleges to which she applied, Annie developed a sad and dejected mood for more than two years. She had mild difficulty sleeping, ate a little less than normal, no longer took serious interest in the hobbies and activities that once gave her pleasure, and felt her self-worth decrease. Annie would be diagnosed as suffering from: O Dysthymia O Major depressive disorder O Unipolar depression O Bipolar disorder
Jay is walking down the street of New York City and he sees a crowd of people stopped and they are all looking at the top of a building. Jay stops to look. This is an example of conformity.
Conformity can be defined as the act of changing or altering one's behavior or beliefs in response to group pressure, real or imagined. It's a type of social influence that can affect individuals of all ages and backgrounds.
There are three types of conformity: compliance, identification, and internalization. Compliance refers to the act of agreeing to do something without actually believing in or wanting to do it. Identification is the act of changing one's behavior or beliefs to match those of a group because they admire or identify with them. Internalization is the act of taking on the beliefs and behaviors of a group and making them one's own because one truly believes in them.
Jay's stopping to look at the top of a building is an example of conformity. He saw a crowd of people stopped and looking up at the top of a building and he stopped to look as well. He altered his behavior in response to the group's pressure, real or imagined. Therefore, the correct answer is option O conformity.
Annie would be diagnosed as suffering from Major depressive disorder.
Major depressive disorder is a type of mental illness characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness. It is a common mood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, an individual must have five or more of the following symptoms present for two weeks or more:
Feelings of sadness or hopelessness
Loss of interest in hobbies and activities that were once pleasurable
Changes in appetite or weight
Sleep disturbances (insomnia or hypersomnia)
Fatigue or loss of energy
Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Recurrent thoughts of death or sui-cide
Annie has mild difficulty sleeping, eats a little less than normal, no longer takes serious interest in the hobbies and activities that once gave her pleasure, and feels her self-worth decrease. She has these symptoms for more than two years. Therefore, the correct answer is option O Major depressive disorder.
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Dr. Bloom wants to conduct a case study on an individual with an abnormal personality. He decides to do a case study, rather than another method because of the advantages to this method. Which of the following is NOT an advantage to the case study method? a) Provides justice to the topic of study. b) Necessary based on the amount of data available. c) Helps to provide a source of ideas to researchers. d) Allows findings to generalize to others with that personality
The following is NOT an advantage to the case study method. The provision of justice to the subject of study is not an advantage to the case study method.
A case study is a study that is concerned with a single individual, institution, or situation, with the aim of shedding light on broader issues. It's a descriptive study technique that focuses on gaining a thorough understanding of an individual, group, or phenomenon.
Case study method's advantages:It is an in-depth and comprehensive investigation.I t concentrates on a small number of people in a population.
The design and methodology used in the study is versatile.Case studies are useful for researchers who want to conduct research on a difficult-to-reach population.Case studies aid in the development of hypotheses.Case studies are helpful in identifying unusual phenomena that may otherwise go unnoticed.
Allows researchers to observe and record behaviour.However, providing justice to the subject of study is not an advantage of the case study method.
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Which of the following are arguments we discussed in favor of free markets? a. The Utility/Welfare Argument b. The Function Argument c. The Rights/Freedom Argument
d. The Religious Argument
The arguments that are discussed in favor of free markets are the A) Utility/Welfare Argument, B) the Function Argument, and C) the Rights/Freedom Argument.
Free markets are generally encouraged by arguments based on their utility or welfare, functionality, and rights or freedom. Here are the arguments that are discussed in favor of free markets.
The Utility/Welfare Argument: The welfare or utility argument is based on the principle that free markets result in economic efficiency and increase overall prosperity. It is claimed that if consumers are permitted to make purchases freely and producers are allowed to produce what they choose, the resulting balance between supply and demand will maximize overall utility and well-being.
The Function Argument: This argument advocates for the use of free markets since they can allocate resources efficiently. It is claimed that free markets allow resources to be allocated to their most productive usage, resulting in improved economic efficiency and growth.
The Rights/Freedom Argument: This argument argues that free markets are a natural extension of individual freedom and civil rights. It is argued that individuals should have the right to purchase, sell, and exchange goods and services as they see fit without being interfered with by the state.
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Stress about school and life keeps 68 percent of students awake at night – 20 percent of them at least once a week. Stress affects the quality of their sleep far more than alcohol, caffeine or late-night electronics use, a new study shows. Not only that, more than 60 percent of college students have disturbed sleep-wake patterns and many take drugs and alcohol regularly to help them do one or the other.
The study of 1,125 students appears online in the Journal of Adolescent Health. It found that only 30 percent of students sleep at least eight hours a night – the average requirement for young adults. On weeknights, 20 percent of students stay up all night at least once a month and 35 percent stay up until 3 a.m. at least once a week. Twelve percent of poor sleepers miss class three or more times a month or fall asleep in class.
According to the new study which appears online in the Journal of Adolescent Health, stress affects the quality of sleep of about 68% of students far more than alcohol, caffeine or late-night electronics use.
The study also revealed that over 60% of college students have disturbed sleep-wake patterns and use drugs and alcohol regularly to help them do one or the other. The study analyzed 1,125 students, of which only 30% slept at least eight hours a night, which is the recommended duration of sleep for young adults. On weeknights, 20 percent of students stay up all night at least once a month, while 35 percent stay up until 3 a.m. at least once a week. Also, twelve percent of poor sleepers missed class three or more times a month or fell asleep in class, due to the effects of the lack of sleep. The study, therefore, shows that stress about school and life keeps 68 percent of students awake at night – 20 percent of them at least once a week.
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Give an example of an orienting question for each of the
following levels: a) visual, b) phonological, c) semantic.
Visual level: types of patterns or shapes can you see in this painting.Phonological level: Can you think of any other words that start with the same sound as "cat".Semantic level: What do you think the story is about based on the title.
Orienting questions at the visual level require students to use their sense of sight to identify shapes, patterns, colors, and other visual elements. These types of questions help students develop their observation and analytical skills.Orienting questions at the phonological level focus on sounds, syllables, and rhyming. These types of questions help students improve their phonemic awareness and phonics skills.Orienting questions at the semantic level require students to use their background knowledge and critical thinking skills to make connections and draw conclusions.
These types of questions help students develop their comprehension and analytical skills.In conclusion, orienting questions are an excellent way to get students interested and motivated in learning. The type of orienting question that is used will depend on the level of the student's knowledge and understanding.
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Provide an example of sanction and tell how it is used in
relation to deviance
A sanction is a penalty or punishment, or the practice of imposing a penalty or punishment, for disobedience or wrongdoing.
Sanctions can take various forms, such as fines, imprisonment, or social disapproval, and are commonly used in relation to deviant behavior. Here's an example of a sanction and how it is used in relation to deviance:A student who plagiarizes on a research paper may be sanctioned with a failing grade for the assignment, or possibly even the entire course.
How it relates to deviance: Plagiarism is considered deviant behavior because it violates academic standards of honesty and integrity. The sanction of a failing grade serves as a punishment for the deviant behavior, as well as a deterrent to prevent the student and others from engaging in similar behavior in the future.
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Mention and explain how the educational materials that are
effective in teaching the preschool student with THD are
applied.
When designing educational materials for preschool students with Tactile Hyper-Responsive Disorder (THD), several strategies can be effective: Sensory Integration ,Visual Supports ,Hands-On Activities ,Gradual Exposure , Individualized Approach
Sensory Integration: Include tactile materials, such as textured fabrics or sensory bins, to provide sensory input and promote engagement and exploration.
Visual Supports: Use visual aids, such as picture schedules, visual prompts, or visual step-by-step instructions, to enhance comprehension and promote independence in following tasks.
Hands-On Activities: Incorporate hands-on activities that encourage active participation, such as manipulatives, puzzles, or sensory play, to facilitate learning through tactile experiences.
Gradual Exposure: Introduce new textures or sensations gradually, allowing the child to adjust and become comfortable over time. This helps reduce anxiety and supports sensory integration.
Individualized Approach: Tailor educational materials to the specific needs of each child with THD, considering their sensory preferences, sensitivities, and developmental goals.
By applying these strategies, educational materials can be effectively utilized to support the learning and development of preschool students with THD, providing them with engaging and sensory-friendly experiences.
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Please identify what is wrong with the following passage: "They recruited 100 participants to take part in a study where the task was to unscramble 50 words. They created this task with the intent to frustrate them. Results were not what they expected as the hypotheses were unsupported."
A. It is unclear what the author wrote about
B. The author used the editoral we
C. The author used contractions
D.The author used an idiom
The statement "They created this task with the intent to frustrate them" is what is wrong with the following passage. There is a lack of objectivity in the sentence . Option A is correct.
They created this task with the intent to frustrate them." as the passage fails to provide information on how the intention to frustrate the participants plays a role in the results obtained. The result of this is the researcher's opinion is imposed on the reader which ultimately leads to the writing appearing biased. Thus, the answer is that the statement "They created this task with the intent to frustrate them" is what is wrong with the following passage.
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A person's mouth starts watering every time they see fried chicken, even if they are not hungry. This proves that ______plays a powerful role in our decision to start eating or not. a. instinct b. goals c. drives d. memory If someone believes that they are academically gifted, spends lots of time studying, and happen to go to an academically rigorous school, then they are probably experiencing _____
a. reciprocal determinism
b. external locus of control c. incongruence d. manifest content
1. A person's mouth starts watering every time they see fried chicken, even if they are not hungry. This proves that drives plays a powerful role in our decision to start eating or not. So, option c is the right choice.
2. If someone believes that they are academically gifted, spends lots of time studying, and happen to go to an academically rigorous school, then they are probably experiencing reciprocal determinism . So, option a is the right choice.
A person's mouth watering when they see fried chicken, even if they're not hungry, suggests that drives play a powerful role in our decision to start eating. Drives are internal states of tension that push us towards certain behaviors, such as satisfying our cravings or desires. In this case, the person's mouth watering is an automatic physiological response triggered by the sight of fried chicken, indicating a strong drive towards consuming it.When someone believes they are academically gifted, spends a significant amount of time studying, and attends an academically rigorous school, they are likely experiencing reciprocal determinism. Reciprocal determinism refers to the interaction between an individual's personality, behavior, and their environment. In this situation, the person's belief in their academic abilities influences their behavior of studying extensively. At the same time, the academically rigorous school environment also influences their behavior and reinforces their belief in their academic giftedness. This reciprocal relationship between the person's beliefs, behavior, and environment contributes to their academic experiences and outcomes.Overall, the person's mouth watering and the academic scenario demonstrate the influence of drives and reciprocal determinism, respectively, in shaping our decisions and experience.The right answer for (1) is option c. Drives and for (2) is option a. reciprocal determinism
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Which four of the following characterize Latin Christendom?
1) Predominantly Greek in culture
2) Received German cultural influences
3) Took the place of the Western Roman Empire
4) Greek was the language of intellectual and religious life
5) Christian
6) Took the place of the Eastern Roman Empire
7) Latin was the language of intellectual and religious life
Latin Christendom is the Latin-speaking part of the Roman Catholic Church that emerged in the West after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It was dominated by Latin language, Christianity played a central role, and Greek was the language of intellectual and religious life.
The four following options that characterize Latin Christendom are as follows
:5) Christian
3) Took the place of the Western Roman Empire
4) Greek was the language of intellectual and religious life
7) Latin was the language of intellectual and religious life.
Characteristics of Latin Christendom
Latin Christendom is the Latin-speaking part of the Roman Catholic Church. It originated in the west of the European continent after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and gradually grew to cover the entire western hemisphere. Latin Christendom, as the name implies, was dominated by the Latin language.
Christianity played a central role in the emergence of Latin Christendom.
The following are some characteristics of Latin Christendom: Latin was the language of intellectual and religious life.Took the place of the Western Roman Empire.Greek was the language of intellectual and religious life.Christian.
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Some have argued that the Constitutional provision that federal judges can serve for life ("on good behavior") should be amended and that federal judges should have a set term (e.g., perhaps 25 years). What do you think? What are the pros and cons of enacting terms on our federal judges.
There are arguments both for and against implementing terms on our federal judges. The constitutional provision allows federal judges to serve for life ("on good behavior") and some argue that this provision should be amended to include a set term (e.g., 25 years).
Pros of enacting terms on federal judges include:-
Fresh perspectives: With the enactment of terms on federal judges, there would be fresh perspectives from newly appointed judges.-Accountability: Judges would be more accountable for their actions since they know that their positions are not permanent.-Improved Diversity: Enacting terms on federal judges may improve diversity among the federal judiciary, and younger judges may bring different perspectives to the bench.Cons of enacting terms on federal judges include:-
Reduced Independence: If federal judges have a term limit, there would be a reduced level of independence, and they would be subject to the whims of politicians.-Increased politics: If judges know they have a set time, they may become more politicized and concerned with pleasing their base or political party.-Less Experience: Experienced judges who are approaching the end of their terms may be less willing to take tough cases since they know their time on the bench is limited.In conclusion, while there are pros and cons to enacting terms on federal judges, it's up to the legislative branch of government to consider amending the constitutional provision that federal judges can serve for life ("on good behavior").
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According to Person-Organization fit (P-O fit), an applicant who is high in conscientiousness will likely be more attracted to an organizational environment that is?
A. emotionally-driven.
B. detail-oriented.
C. creative
D. sociable
Correct answer is Option B. According to Person-Organization fit (P-O fit), an applicant who is high in conscientiousness will likely be more attracted to an organizational environment that is detail-oriented.
According to Person-Organization fit (P-O fit) theory, individuals who score high in conscientiousness on personality assessments are more likely to be attracted to and prefer organizational environments that emphasize being detail-oriented. Conscientious individuals are known for their strong work ethic, organizational skills, and attention to detail. They thrive in environments where there are clear guidelines, structured processes, and a focus on precision.
In a detail-oriented organizational environment, conscientious individuals can apply their strengths effectively. They feel motivated and engaged when they can contribute to tasks and projects that require meticulousness and accuracy. These individuals appreciate the opportunity to work in an environment that values their conscientious nature and provides them with opportunities to excel.
Furthermore, a detail-oriented organizational environment not only aligns with the preferences of conscientious individuals but also enhances their job satisfaction and performance. By being in an environment that values order and precision, they can showcase their abilities, meet high standards, and contribute to the overall success of the organization. The mutual fit between conscientious individuals and detail-oriented environments creates a positive work environment that promotes productivity and achievement.
By selecting an organizational environment that is detail-oriented, conscientious individuals can experience a sense of fulfillment, as their strengths are recognized and their work aligns with their natural inclinations. This alignment contributes to higher job satisfaction, increased engagement, and improved performance for individuals with high conscientiousness. Additionally, a detail-oriented organizational environment can foster a culture of excellence and precision, promoting efficiency and quality in the work produced.
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An Individual's Age / Experience Moderates the Relationship Between Stress Index Rating and Dysregulation of Cortisol. Police Officer Group ASSOCIATION (r ) BETWEEN STRESS RATING AND CORTISOL DYSREGULATION High Stress Rating |.58; 95% CI [.22, .74] (High age / experience increase) Low Stress Rating |-.15; 95% CI [-.36, -.09] (Low age / experience)
The relationship between stress index rating and dysregulation of cortisol is moderated by an individual's age/experience, with higher stress ratings associated with greater cortisol dysregulation in individuals with high age/experience, and lower stress ratings associated with decreased cortisol dysregulation in individuals with low age/experience.
The study findings suggest that an individual's age/experience plays a crucial role in the relationship between stress index rating and dysregulation of cortisol. In the context of police officers, who often face high-stress situations, the study found that higher stress ratings were associated with increased dysregulation of cortisol levels among individuals with high age/experience. This implies that the physiological response to stress, as indicated by cortisol dysregulation, becomes more pronounced with increasing age or experience in the police force.
On the other hand, the study also revealed that individuals with low age/experience and low stress ratings displayed decreased cortisol dysregulation. This finding suggests that younger or less experienced police officers may have a more resilient physiological response to stress, possibly due to factors such as better coping mechanisms or lower exposure to cumulative stressors.
The moderating effect of age/experience on the relationship between stress index rating and cortisol dysregulation can be attributed to several factors. With increased age and experience, individuals may have a higher cumulative exposure to stressors over their careers, leading to heightened physiological reactivity to stress. Moreover, older individuals may have a reduced capacity to recover from stress, resulting in prolonged dysregulation of cortisol levels.
It is important to note that while the study provides valuable insights into the relationship between stress, age/experience, and cortisol dysregulation among police officers, further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and explore potential interventions to mitigate the negative effects of stress on cortisol regulation in this population.
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Psychologists are human beings and as human beings they can be biased and make mistakes. Nevertheless, psychological science, broadly defined, has arguably been one of the most important forces advancing human self-understanding. Do you agree? Why?
Yes, I agree. Psychological science, with all of its limitations, has made significant strides in increasing our self-understanding and knowledge of human behavior.
While psychologists are human beings and, as such, are vulnerable to biases and mistakes, the scientific process of psychological inquiry has been one of the most significant forces for advancing our understanding of human behavior. The scientific method requires systematic observation, objective measurement, and rigorous testing of hypotheses, which provides a framework for reducing biases and errors.
Moreover, psychological science has made significant contributions to our understanding of mental health, learning, memory, personality, social behavior, and cognitive processes. Through scientific research, we have learned how our environment, social interactions, and biology interact to influence our behavior and experiences. The knowledge generated by psychological science has been used to inform public policy, improve mental health treatment, and promote individual well-being.
While psychological science is not perfect, it is a dynamic and evolving field that continues to produce new insights into human behavior. The limitations of human subjectivity and biases should always be acknowledged, but this should not detract from the value of psychological science in increasing our self-understanding and improving our lives.
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