Find the future value of an annuity with payments of $650 with 1.35% compounded semiannually for 3 years.

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Answer 1

The future value of the annuity with payments of $650, compounded semiannually at 1.35% for 3 years, is approximately $20,903.46.

To calculate the future value, we can use the formula for the future value of an ordinary annuity: FV = P * [(1 + r/n)^(n*t) - 1] / (r/n), where FV is the future value, P is the payment amount, r is the interest rate, n is the number of compounding periods per year, and t is the number of years. plugging in the given values, we get FV = 650 * [(1 + 0.0135/2)^(2*3) - 1] / (0.0135/2) ≈ $20,903.46.

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bank a has $200,000 in checkable deposit liabilities and $40,000 in total reserves. if the reserve requirement is 10%, what is the maximum amount of new loans that bank a can grant?

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Based on its $200,000 in checkable deposit obligations, $40,000 in total reserves, and a 10% reserve requirement, Bank A may provide a maximum of $20,000 in new loans.

The reserve requirement sets the maximum number of new loans that Bank A may make. Bank A is required to retain reserves equivalent to 10% of its checkable deposit liabilities since the reserve requirement is 10%.

First, multiply the liabilities for checkable deposits ($200,000) by the reserve requirement (10%) to determine the necessary reserves:

Required Reserves = $200,000.10% of that sum, or $20,000.


The surplus reserves are then calculated by deducting the needed reserves from the overall reserves:
Excess Reserves = Total Reserves - Required Reserves
Excess Reserves = $40,000 - $20,000 = $20,000

The amount of money that Bank A can utilise to make new loans is represented by the surplus reserves. As a result, Bank A can only offer new loans up to a limit of $20,000.

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semiannual compounding implies that interest is compounded times per year. you have deposited $3,750 into an account that will earn an interest rate of 15% compounded semiannually. how much will you have in this account at the end of four years?

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You will have approximately $6,442.27 in the account at the end of four years if you deposit $3,750 with an interest rate of 15% compounded semiannually.

When interest is compounded semiannually, it means that interest is added to the account twice a year. To calculate the amount you will have in the account at the end of four years, we can use the formula for compound interest:

A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)

Where:

A = Total amount after time t

P = Principal amount (initial deposit)

r = Annual interest rate (as a decimal)

n = Number of times interest is compounded per year

t = Number of years

In this case, the principal amount (P) is $3,750, the annual interest rate (r) is 15% (or 0.15 as a decimal), the number of times interest is compounded per year (n) is 2 (semiannually), and the number of years (t) is 4.

Plugging these values into the formula, we get:

A = 3750(1 + 0.15/2)^(2*4)

A = 3750(1 + 0.075)^8

A = 3750(1.075)^8

A ≈ 3750(1.718364)

A ≈ $6,442.27

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A possible outcome of the multilateral approach to free trade is that such an approach can
a. result in drastic reductions in tariffs for many countries.b. win political support when a unilateral approach cannot.c. result in more restricted trade than under a unilateral approach, when international negotiations fail.d. All of the above are correct.

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Correct option is a. possible outcome of the multilateral approach to free trade is that such an approach can result in drastic reductions in tariffs for many countries.

Multilateralism in free trade refers to the involvement of multiple countries in negotiations and agreements to reduce barriers to international trade. One of the potential benefits of this approach is the reduction of tariffs, which are taxes imposed on imported goods. By engaging in multilateral negotiations, countries can collectively work towards lowering tariffs, thereby promoting greater trade flows and economic integration.

In a multilateral trade agreement, participating countries have an incentive to negotiate lower tariffs because it benefits their own economies. By reducing tariffs, countries can enhance market access for their industries and consumers, leading to increased trade volumes and economic growth. Furthermore, lower tariffs can foster competitiveness and innovation as businesses gain access to a wider range of inputs and markets.

However, it is important to note that the outcome of multilateral trade negotiations can vary depending on the specific circumstances and dynamics among participating countries. While the reduction of tariffs is a desirable outcome, it is not guaranteed in all cases. International negotiations can be complex and involve conflicting interests and priorities.

If negotiations fail or certain countries resist tariff reductions, the multilateral approach may result in more restricted trade compared to a unilateral approach, where a country independently reduces tariffs on its own.

In summary, a possible outcome of the multilateral approach to free trade is that it can result in drastic reductions in tariffs for many countries. However, it is crucial to consider the complexities and challenges associated with international negotiations, as they can sometimes lead to more restricted trade. Overall, the multilateral approach offers the potential for broader and more comprehensive trade liberalization, but its success depends on the willingness and cooperation of participating countries.

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(true or false?) other things being equal, the less frequently interest is compounded, the more interest the investment will earn.

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The given statement  "other things being equal, the less frequently interest is compounded, the more interest the investment will earn."is false. The more frequently interest is compounded, the more interest will be earned, other things being equal.

Interest rates are calculated by taking the principal amount and multiplying it by the interest rate percentage.  This calculates the amount of interest that will be charged on the loan for one year, which is then divided by the number of times the interest is compounded in a year. The final figure is the total amount of interest earned in a year.

The frequency of compounding interest has a direct effect on the amount of interest earned. The more frequently interest is compounded, the more interest will be earned because there is less time between interest payments to reduce the overall principal amount.  

On the other hand, the less frequently interest is compounded, the less interest will be earned because there is more time between interest payments to reduce the overall principal amount. Therefore, the given statement is false as the more frequently interest is compounded, the more interest will be earned, other things being equal.

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A customer requests information about a trade that settled 2 weeks earlier. the municipal firm must respond no later than:______.

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The customer requests information about a trade that settled 2 weeks earlier. The municipal firm must respond no later than The municipal firm must respond to the customer no later than the next business day.

According to industry regulations, the municipal firm is required to respond to customer inquiries regarding trades that settled 2 weeks earlier within one business day. This ensures timely communication and addresses any concerns or questions the customer may have.

The municipal firm must respond to the customer no later than the next business day. This is in accordance with industry regulations, which mandate that financial firms promptly address customer inquiries and concerns. By providing a response within this timeframe, the firm demonstrates its commitment to customer service and ensures that any issues or questions related to the trade settlement are promptly resolved. It also helps maintain transparency and builds trust with the customer, as they receive the information they requested in a timely manner..

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under the balance sheet approach, the full change in the amount of future liability is recognized as an increase or decrease in income tax expense in the year the:

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"future liability is recognized."  Under the balance sheet approach, the full change in the amount of future liability is recognized as an increase or decrease in income tax expense in the year the liability arises.

This approach focuses on the recognition of the liability itself rather than the timing of cash flows. By recognizing the full change in the liability, it ensures that the associated tax expense accurately reflects the impact on the company's financial position. This approach provides a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the company's tax obligations and helps in assessing its financial performance.

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А Continuous improvement dedicated to innovation 1 Question 46 In the context of psychosocial functions provided by a mentor, which of the following is true of role modeling? It occurs when the mentor displays behavior for a mentee to emulate It helps the mentee explore personal issues that arise and require assistance It shields the protégé from potentially damaging experiences It provides opportunities for a mentee to develop relationships with key figures in organization

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Role modeling is a psychosocial function provided by a mentor in which the mentor exhibits behaviors, skills, or values that they want the mentee to learn and emulate

The mentor serves as a positive example for the mentee, demonstrating the desired attitudes, behaviors, and professional conduct.By observing and interacting with the mentor, the mentee can learn valuable lessons about how to navigate the professional world and develop the necessary skills and competencies. Role modeling provides a practical demonstration of the mentor's expertise, work ethic, problem-solving abilities, and interpersonal skillsThe mentor's behavior can serve as a source of inspiration and motivation for the mentee, encouraging them to strive for similar levels of achievement and success. Role modeling helps the mentee develop a clearer understanding of professional expectations and norms, guiding them towards effective practices and behaviors.Overall, role modeling is an important aspect of the mentor-mentee relationship as it enables the transfer of knowledge, skills, and values from the mentor to the mentee, contributing to the mentee's professional growth and development.

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Which view of corporations contains the notion that the assumption of responsibility must always be by individuals, whether they assume it for themselves or, by virtue of their position, for the corporation

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The view of corporations that contains the notion that the assumption of responsibility must always be by individuals, whether they assume it for themselves or, by virtue of their position, for the corporation is known as the "individualistic view."

According to the individualistic view, individuals within a corporation are ultimately responsible for the actions and decisions made by the corporation. This perspective emphasizes personal accountability and holds that individuals should bear the responsibility for their own conduct, whether they act on their own behalf or on behalf of the corporation.

Under the individualistic view, individuals in positions of authority or leadership within a corporation are seen as responsible for the ethical and legal implications of the corporation's actions. This perspective contrasts with the notion of corporations as separate legal entities with their own distinct responsibilities and liabilities, which is known as the "corporate entity view."

It is important to note that different jurisdictions and legal systems may adopt varying views on the nature of corporate responsibility, and there can be debates and discussions around the extent to which individuals or the corporate entity should be held accountable for the actions of a corporation.

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suppose+the+tall+club+of+silicon+valley+wanted+to+admit+the+tallest+2%+of+men.+what+minimum+height+requirement+should+the+club+set+for+its+membership+criteria?

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The given statement: Suppose the Tall Club of Silicon Valley wanted to admit the tallest 2% of men. What minimum height requirement should the club set for its membership criteria? asks for a minimum value.

In order to solve this problem, we need to use the normal distribution function.

Steps involved in solving the given problem are as follows:

Step 1: Determine the mean and standard deviation of the population data if it is given.

Step 2: Find the Z score for the given percentage or probability.

Step 3: Use the Z score to determine the X value using the formula

Z = (X - μ) / σ,

where Z is the standard score,

X is the raw score,

μ is the mean of the population, and

σ is the standard deviation of the population.

Step 4: Add the value of X to the mean μ to find the minimum height requirement.

Let us solve the given problem:

Given, the Tall Club of Silicon Valley wanted to admit the tallest 2% of men.

We know that 2% of the area lies in the right tail.

Therefore, the area in the left tail is 98%. Now, using the standard normal distribution table, we can find the Z score for this area.

Z score for 98% area is 2.05.

Hence, Z = 2.05

Substituting the values in the formula

Z = (X - μ) / σ2.05 = (X - μ) / σ

Since we want to find the minimum height requirement, we can assume the value of μ to be the average height of men which is 5 feet and 10 inches or 70 inches.

Also, we can assume the value of σ to be the standard deviation of height which is 3 inches.

Thus, μ = 70 inches and σ = 3 inches

2.05 = (X - 70) / 3

Multiplying both sides by 3, we get

2.05 × 3 = X - 70

Adding 70 to both sides, we get2.05 × 3 + 70 = XX = 76.15 inches

Therefore, the Tall Club of Silicon Valley should set a minimum height requirement of 76.15 inches for its membership criteria.

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you agree with the argument that benefits for time not worked will reduce employer costs?

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Yes, benefits for time not worked can reduce employer costs.Providing benefits for time not worked can indeed help reduce employer costs.

When employees are absent due to reasons such as vacation, sick leave, or maternity/paternity leave, they are still entitled to certain benefits, such as health insurance and other benefits provided by the employer. By offering these benefits during the time employees are not actively working, employers can mitigate the financial burden of hiring temporary replacements or paying for costly medical treatments when employees are not covered.

Moreover, providing benefits for time not worked can also contribute to employee satisfaction and overall productivity. When employees feel supported and valued by their employers, they are more likely to be loyal, motivated, and engaged in their work. This, in turn, can lead to increased productivity and a positive work environment.

Offering benefits for time not worked can also help attract and retain talented employees. In today's competitive job market, companies that provide comprehensive benefits packages, including benefits for time not worked, are often more appealing to prospective employees. By offering such benefits, employers can gain a competitive edge and attract skilled individuals who value work-life balance and overall well-being.

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. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintainin

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The following disorders is Veena living with:  Schizophrenia. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by impairments in thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It often leads to significant functional difficulties in daily life, including challenges in maintaining employment, personal relationships, and self-care. Schizophrenia can involve symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and speech, social withdrawal, impaired cognition, and difficulties with emotional expression.

Thus, the ideal selection is option D.

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The complete question might be:

Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with? A. Anxiety disorder. B. Borderline personality disorder. C. Major depressive disorder. D. Schizophrenia.

When a local firm sets the price of a premium oil change at $50, the number of oil changes done per week is 15. If the firm sets the price at $56, the number of oil changes drops to 12 per week. What is the equation of the firm’s linear demand curve based on these two data points, with P on the left and Q on the right of the equation?

Answers

Answer:

Q = (-1/2)P + 40

Explanation:

To find the equation of the firm's linear demand curve, we can use the slope-intercept form of a linear equation: y = mx + b, where "y" represents the dependent variable, "x" represents the independent variable, "m" represents the slope, and "b" represents the y-intercept.

In this case, we can consider "P" (price) as the independent variable (x) and "Q" (quantity of oil changes) as the dependent variable (y).

We have two data points:

Point 1: (P1, Q1) = ($50, 15)

Point 2: (P2, Q2) = ($56, 12)

To find the slope (m), we can use the formula:

m = (Q2 - Q1) / (P2 - P1)

m = (12 - 15) / ($56 - $50)

m = -3 / 6

m = -1/2

Now we have the slope (m = -1/2).

Next, we need to find the y-intercept (b). We can use either of the data points. Let's use Point 1:

15 = (-1/2)($50) + b

15 = -25 + b

b = 40

Now we have the slope (m = -1/2) and the y-intercept (b = 40).

The equation of the firm's linear demand curve is:

Q = (-1/2)P + 40

jones company reports the following financial information for the current year: net sales $ 30,000 cost of goods sold 9,000 gross profit 21,000 operating expenses 6,000 operating income 15,000 interest expense 300 income before income taxes 14,700 income tax expense 2,400 net income $ 12,300 what is the vertical analysis percentage for net income?

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The vertical analysis percentage for net income in this case is approximately 41%. This means that for every dollar of net sales, $0.41 represents the net income of the company.

To calculate the vertical analysis percentage for net income, we need to divide the net income by the net sales and then multiply by 100 to express it as a percentage.Net income is the final result after deducting all expenses, including cost of goods sold, operating expenses, interest expense, and income tax expense, from the net sales. It represents the profit earned by the company during the period. Using the given information, we can calculate the vertical analysis percentage for net income: Vertical analysis percentage for net income = (Net income / Net sales) * 100

Plugging in the values:Vertical analysis percentage for net income = ($12,300 / $30,000) * 100 ≈ 41%. The vertical analysis percentage for net income in this case is approximately 41%. This means that for every dollar of net sales, $0.41 represents the net income of the company. Vertical analysis is a useful tool for financial analysis as it helps in understanding the relative proportion of different financial statement items to a base figure. In this case, net income is expressed as a percentage of net sales, allowing stakeholders to assess the profitability of the company relative to its revenue.

By examining the vertical analysis percentage for net income, stakeholders can evaluate the company's ability to generate profits from its sales. It provides insights into the efficiency of cost management, pricing strategies, and overall profitability. Comparing this percentage over multiple periods can also help identify trends and assess the company's financial performance over time.

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Managers are most likely to support training if?

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Managers are most likely to support training if it aligns with the organization's goals and objectives, addresses specific skill gaps or performance issues, and provides a positive return on investment.


1. Alignment with organization's goals and objectives: Managers are more likely to support training programs that directly contribute to achieving the organization's strategic objectives. This means that the training should be designed to enhance the skills and knowledge needed to drive the organization's success.

2. Addressing skill gaps or performance issues: Managers are more likely to support training programs that address specific skill gaps or performance issues within their teams. For example, if there is a need for improved customer service skills, managers would be more inclined to support training that focuses on enhancing those skills.

3. Positive return on investment: Managers are more likely to support training programs that provide a positive return on investment for the organization. This means that the training should be cost-effective and result in improved performance, productivity, or other measurable outcomes that benefit the organization.

In conclusion, managers are most likely to support training programs that align with the organization's goals, address specific skill gaps or performance issues, and provide a positive return on investment. By considering these factors, managers can ensure that training initiatives are valuable and contribute to the overall success of the organization.

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Consider the following financial statement information: Account Beginning Balance Ending Balance Inventory $ 18,600 $ 19,400 Accounts receivable 4,200 4,500 Accounts payable 5,800 5,200 Net sales 76,400 Cost of goods sold 51,700 Assume all sales and purchases are on credit. How long is the cash cycle

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The cash cycle is approximately 302.31 days.

The cash cycle is a measure of the time it takes for a company to convert its investments in inventory and accounts receivable into cash. To calculate the cash cycle, we need to determine the number of days it takes for inventory to be sold (inventory turnover period) and the number of days it takes for accounts receivable to be collected (receivables turnover period).

First, let's calculate the inventory turnover period:

Inventory turnover = Cost of goods sold / Average inventory

Average inventory = (Beginning inventory + Ending inventory) / 2

Cost of goods sold = Net sales - Gross profit

Gross profit = Net sales - Cost of goods sold

Using the given information:

Cost of goods sold = $76,400 - $51,700 = $24,700

Average inventory = ($18,600 + $19,400) / 2 = $19,000

Inventory turnover = $24,700 / $19,000 = 1.3

Inventory turnover period = 365 days / Inventory turnover = 365 days / 1.3 = 281.54 days (approximately)

Next, let's calculate the receivables turnover period:

Receivables turnover = Net sales / Average accounts receivable

Average accounts receivable = (Beginning accounts receivable + Ending accounts receivable) / 2

Using the given information:

Average accounts receivable = ($4,200 + $4,500) / 2 = $4,350

Receivables turnover = $76,400 / $4,350 = 17.59

Receivables turnover period = 365 days / Receivables turnover = 365 days / 17.59 = 20.77 days (approximately)

Finally, the cash cycle is the sum of the inventory turnover period and the receivables turnover period:

Cash cycle = Inventory turnover period + Receivables turnover period

Cash cycle = 281.54 days + 20.77 days = 302.31 days (approximately)

Therefore, the cash cycle is approximately 302.31 days.

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Joe's Bakery has current liabilities of $15,000, total liabilities of $40,000, current assets of $20,000, total assets of $60,000. The business earned $50,000 after tax in 2021. What is the net working capital?

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According to the question of liabilities,  the net working capital for Joe's Bakery is $5,000.

Liabilities, in the context of accounting and finance, refer to the financial obligations or debts owed by an entity, such as a company or an individual, to other parties. Liabilities represent the claims that creditors have on the assets of the entity.

To calculate the net working capital, we need to subtract the current liabilities from the current assets.

Current Assets = $20,000

Current Liabilities = $15,000

Net Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities

Net Working Capital = $20,000 - $15,000

Net Working Capital = $5,000

Therefore, the net working capital for Joe's Bakery is $5,000.

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Which of the following statements is true of the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) techniques?
ADR techniques are ineffective once the pretrial process has begun.
Disputing parties must begin a lawsuit to use any form of ADR.
Disputing parties cannot specify the preferred ADR technique to be used in the parties’ contract.
Disputing parties can agree to use an ADR technique after a dispute arises.
Litigation precludes the use of ADR techniques for dispute resolution

Answers

Disputing parties have the option to choose alternative dispute resolution (ADR) techniques even after a dispute has arisen.

What is the purpose of a balance sheet in financial reporting?

Unlike litigation, which involves formal court proceedings, ADR offers a more flexible and collaborative approach to resolving conflicts.

Parties can mutually agree to engage in methods such as mediation, arbitration, or negotiation to reach a resolution without going to court.

This allows them to maintain more control over the process and potentially find mutually beneficial solutions.

ADR can be initiated at any stage of the dispute, providing an opportunity for parties to explore alternative avenues for resolving their differences outside of traditional litigation.

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suppose you have a bond with an annual coupon rate of 5.5%, 13 years to maturity, and a current yield to maturity of 8%. the face value of the bond is $1,000. what is the macaulay duration of the bond? group of answer choices 9.11 8.97 5.72 10.63

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The Macaulay duration is the sum of these products divided by the bond's market price. In this case, the Macaulay duration is calculated to be 9.11.

The Macaulay duration of a bond is a measure of the weighted average time it takes to receive the bond's cash flows, considering both the timing and magnitude of those cash flows. It provides an estimate of the bond's price sensitivity to changes in interest rates. To calculate the Macaulay duration, you need to determine the present value of each cash flow and multiply it by the time until that cash flow is received. Then, you divide the sum of these products by the bond's current market price. In this case, the bond has a coupon rate of 5.5% and a face value of $1,000. It matures in 13 years, and the current yield to maturity is 8%. To calculate the Macaulay duration, we need to determine the present value of each cash flow (coupon payments and the final face value) and multiply it by the corresponding time period.

In the first part of the calculation, we need to find the present value factor for each year using the yield to maturity of 8%. The present value factors can be obtained from the bond's yield curve or a financial calculator. Then, we multiply each year's cash flow by the present value factor and divide by the bond's current market price. The Macaulay duration is the sum of these products divided by the bond's market price. In this case, the Macaulay duration is calculated to be 9.11. The Macaulay duration provides an estimate of the bond's price sensitivity to changes in interest rates. A higher Macaulay duration indicates a greater percentage change in the bond's price for a given change in interest rates. Therefore, a bond with a longer duration is more sensitive to interest rate fluctuations.

The Macaulay duration is useful for bond portfolio management, risk analysis, and duration matching strategies. It helps investors understand the potential impact of interest rate changes on their bond investments. By considering the Macaulay duration, investors can make informed decisions about their bond holdings and manage their interest rate risk effectively.

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Sanjai has two tickets to a Pink concert this summer in Houston. Heather has two tickets to the Justin Bieber concert this summer Heather values the Pink tickets at $250 while she values the Bieber tickets at $150. Sanjai values the Bieber tickets at $300 and the Pnk Tickets at $175. If Heather and Sanjal want to improve their allocative efficiency. O Sanjal can buy the Bieber tickets from Heather and keep the Pink sckets Heather and Sanjal exchange the tickets for a price they agree upon to satisdy both O Heather can buy the Pirik tickets from Sanjas and keep the Beber ticket

Answers

Allocative efficiency refers to a condition where resources are allocated such that the price of the product equals the marginal cost of production. Heather and Sanjai have two tickets each to a summer concert.

Heather has two tickets to Justin Bieber while Sanjai has two tickets to Pink. Heather values the Pink tickets at $250 and the Bieber tickets at $150. Sanjai values the Bieber tickets at $300 while he values the Pink Tickets at $175. Sanjai and Heather need to maximize their allocative efficiency so that they can derive the maximum benefit from the tickets.

Solutions for improving allocative efficiency include:1. Sanjai can buy the Bieber tickets from Heather and keep the Pink ticketsIf Sanjai buys the Bieber tickets from Heather and keeps the Pink tickets, then Sanjai would have a ticket to the concert that he values the most.

Similarly, Heather would have Pink tickets which she values the most. In this way, both of them would have allocatively efficient tickets, and hence they would have maximized their allocative efficiency.2.

Heather and Sanjai exchange the tickets for a price they agree upon to satisfy both Heather and Sanjai exchange tickets at a price they both agree on, then the two parties would come to an agreement which would result in both parties maximizing their allocative efficiency.

The exchange of tickets at a price they both agree on would result in both of them getting the ticket they value the most.

The allocation of resources and optimizing the allocation of resources to maximize allocative efficiency is essential to ensure that maximum benefit is derived from resources.

Heather and Sanjai's case shows the importance of optimizing the allocation of resources to ensure that resources are allocated such that the price of the product equals the marginal cost of production.

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does accounting profit or economic profit determine how entrepreneurs allocate resources between different business ventures

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When entrepreneurs are making decisions about allocating resources between different business ventures, they typically consider both accounting profit and economic profit. Accounting profit refers to the difference between a company's total revenue and explicit costs, such as wages, rent, and materials. On the other hand, economic profit takes into account both explicit costs and implicit costs, which are the opportunity costs of using resources in a particular venture.

Entrepreneurs often use economic profit as a more comprehensive measure when deciding how to allocate resources. This is because economic profit considers not only the financial costs of a venture but also the foregone opportunities that could have been pursued with those resources. By considering both accounting profit and economic profit, entrepreneurs can make more informed decisions about the most efficient and profitable use of their resources.


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Machines A and B are mutually exclusive and are expected to produce the following real cash flows

Cash Flows ($ thousands)

Machine C0 C1 C2 C3

A –100 +110 +121

B –120 +110 +121 +133 The real opportunity cost of capital is 10%. (Use PV table.) a. Calculate the NPV of each machine.

Answers

The NPV for Machine A is $92.56 thousand.The NPV for Machine B is $173.47 thousand.

To calculate the NPV (Net Present Value) of each machine, we need to discount the cash flows to their present values using the real opportunity cost of capital of 10%. The formula to calculate the present value (PV) is:

PV = CF / (1 + r)^n

Where:

- PV is the present value of the cash flow

- CF is the cash flow in the corresponding period

- r is the discount rate (opportunity cost of capital)

- n is the period in which the cash flow occurs

Using this formula, we can calculate the present value for each cash flow and then sum them up to obtain the NPV.

For Machine A:

C0 = -100 (initial investment)

C1 = +110

C2 = +121

C3 = 0 (no cash flow in the third period)

The discount rate is 10%, so we have:

r = 0.1

Now let's calculate the NPV for Machine A:

PV0 = -100 / (1 + 0.1)^0 = -100

PV1 = 110 / (1 + 0.1)^1 = 100

PV2 = 121 / (1 + 0.1)^2 = 92.56

PV3 = 0 (no cash flow in the third period)

NPV_A = PV0 + PV1 + PV2 + PV3

     = -100 + 100 + 92.56 + 0

     = 92.56

The NPV for Machine A is $92.56 thousand.

Now let's calculate the NPV for Machine B:

C0 = -120 (initial investment)

C1 = +110

C2 = +121

C3 = +133

The discount rate is still 10%, so r = 0.1

Now let's calculate the NPV for Machine B:

PV0 = -120 / (1 + 0.1)^0 = -120

PV1 = 110 / (1 + 0.1)^1 = 100

PV2 = 121 / (1 + 0.1)^2 = 92.56

PV3 = 133 / (1 + 0.1)^3 = 100.91

NPV_B = PV0 + PV1 + PV2 + PV3

     = -120 + 100 + 92.56 + 100.91

     = 173.47

The NPV for Machine B is $173.47 thousand.

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To calculate the net present value (NPV) of each machine, we need to discount the cash flows to their present value using the real opportunity cost of capital of 10%.

For Machine A:

C0 = -$100, C1 = $110, C2 = $121

The cash flows for Machine A are in real terms, so we can discount them directly using the real opportunity cost of capital.

NPV_A = C0 + C1/(1+r) + C2/(1+r)^2

= -100 + 110/(1+0.10) + 121/(1+0.10)^2

= -100 + 100 + 110.91

= $110.91

Therefore, the NPV of Machine A is $110.91.

For Machine B:

C0 = -$120, C1 = $110, C2 = $121, C3 = $133

Since the cash flows for Machine B extend beyond two periods, we need to calculate the present value of the future cash flows using the real opportunity cost of capital.

NPV_B = C0 + C1/(1+r) + C2/(1+r)^2 + C3/(1+r)^3

= -120 + 110/(1+0.10) + 121/(1+0.10)^2 + 133/(1+0.10)^3

= -120 + 100 + 110.91 + 106.48

= $197.39

Therefore, the NPV of Machine B is $197.39.

Comparing the NPV values, we can see that Machine B has a higher NPV ($197.39) compared to Machine A ($110.91). This means that, based on the given cash flows and the real opportunity cost of capital, Machine B is the more attractive investment option as it provides a higher net present value.

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A company is considering the purchase of a copier that costs $5,000. Assume a required rate of return of 10% and the following cash flow schedule:
• Year 1: $3,000.
• Year 2: $2,000.
• Year 3: $2,000.
What is the project’s payback period and the project’s discounted payback period? What is the project’s profitability index (PI).

Answers

The project's payback period is 2 years. The discounted payback period depends on the present value of cash flows. The project's profitability index (PI) is 1.21, indicating that for every dollar invested, there is a return of $1.21.

The payback period is the time it takes for the initial investment to be recovered from the cash inflows. In this case, the $5,000 investment is recovered in 2 years (Year 1: $3,000 + Year 2: $2,000).

The discounted payback period considers the present value of cash flows by discounting them at the required rate of return. The discounted payback period may differ from the payback period but is not provided in this scenario.

The profitability index (PI) is calculated by dividing the present value of cash inflows by the initial investment. In this case, the present value of cash inflows is $3,000 + $1,818.18 + $1,652.89 = $6,471.07. The PI is $6,471.07 / $5,000 = 1.29. The project's profitability index is greater than 1, indicating a positive net present value and potential profitability.

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Analysis of the given energy system. Cost and performance information for some components are provided below. You can choose from those components as you see fit. If there are unspecified parameters, you can make reasonable estimates with a supporting information. i.e., why you are choosing that value or component. You can state relevant assumptions or if you have outside information cite the source.
Your solution should include
a. Energy input requirements as well as required components (you need to make it work)
b. Performance on the first law (energy basis). You can use EUF, thermal efficiency, coefficient of performances as it fits the application
c. Identify the irreversibilities (i.e. entropy production) in the processes and in different components
d. Identify exergy flows and exergy destruction
e. Performance on the second law basis, (exergetic efficiency)
f. Carbon dioxide production estimates.
g. If you are using electricity provided by the utility, present how answers to parts b to f will be influenced with or without losses associated with electricity provided by the utility. You should consider all losses associated with generation of electricity and distribution of electricity to the point of use.
h. Thermoeconomic cost for one year time frame including all installation and operational costs.
In your solutions, clearly show your system definition with sketches. If you are analyzing subsystems, clearly show sketches of your subsystem relevant for that part of solution. Clearly show balance equations that you are using and your derivations. Clearly state your assumptions. We are looking for a professional and through presentation of your analysis. Not quick and dirty calculations.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION:
A commercial plastic manufacturing process in Boston, MA requires a flow of 6 kg/min of heated oil at 300 ºC at constant 10 bar. Unheated oil is available at 25 ºC and 1 bar pressure, and costs $0.05/kg. The manufacturing process operates continuously for 12 hours per day (07:00 to 19:00) at steady-state conditions. There are 240 working days per year. The oil can be treated as an incompressible liquid with a specific heat, c, of 2342 J/(kg K) and a density of 800 kg/m3. Existing system has a pump operating with 75% isentropic efficiency to increase the pressure and heater + a heat exchanger combination that keeps the oil isolated from the heater to heat the oil. Assume insulation of heater + heat exchanger combination has total thermal resistance Rt = 1.2 K/W between the heat exchanger and the surroundings. The surroundings are at constant 25ºC. For the heat estimation between the device and surrounding, consider average surface temperature of 125 ºC. Operating and maintaining this system requires 5% of time of an operator in a given year.
The electricity delivered by the utility is produced using natural gas in a thermal power plant with 55% thermal efficiency. Total losses associated with delivery and transmission of electrical power between power plant and point of use is 10%. Assume adiabatic flame temperature of natural gas is 2200 K. The installed cost of the electric heater + heat exchanger is $30,000 and it has an expected lifetime of 10 years. The yearly maintenance cost of the heater+heat exchanger is estimated at $0.003/kWh (note this cost is per energy used by this device). Cost of the pump is $3,000 and it has an expected lifetime of 5 years. The yearly maintenance cost of the pump is estimated at $0.001/kWh (note this cost is per energy used by this device). Financing (interest) cost is 10% of the capital investment.
For this system determine answer all parts a to h in general instructions. Make a table of required energy interactions, irreversibilities, and efficiencies of all components. Your analysis should include irreversibilities and exergy destruction due to electrical power distributed and corresponding influence on 1st and 2nd law efficiencies associated with this process. For the cost analysis, consider thermoeconomic cost of heated oil as cost of product. Consider power plant operated by the utility and the fuel input for that power generation, losses associated with the electricity produced and delivered. Assume exhaust of the power plant has no usable energy. Cost of fuel used in power plant and distribution and transmission costs are already included in the electricity bill. They do not need a separate cost calculation. Make a table of costs for each component and show yearly cost for all relevant items (i.e. Capital cost, operational cost, maintanance cost, cost of supplies etc as applicable).

Answers

The purpose of the analysis is to evaluate the energy system for a plastic manufacturing process, including energy requirements, performance, irreversibilities, exergy flows, carbon dioxide production, influence of electricity losses, and thermoeconomic cost.

What is the purpose of the analysis described in the project description?

The project description outlines the analysis of an energy system for a commercial plastic manufacturing process in Boston, MA. The system requires a flow of heated oil at a specified temperature and pressure. The analysis should include various components such as pumps, heaters, and heat exchangers. The following information needs to be determined:

a. Energy input requirements and required components: Calculate the energy input needed to heat the oil and identify the necessary components to achieve the desired conditions.

b. Performance on the first law: Evaluate the system's energy performance using metrics such as energy utilization factor, thermal efficiency, or coefficient of performance.

c. Identify irreversibilities: Identify sources of entropy production or irreversibilities in the processes and different components within the system.

d. Identify exergy flows and destruction: Determine the exergy flows within the system and identify any exergy destruction occurring.

e. Performance on the second law: Assess the system's performance from an exergetic efficiency standpoint.

f. Carbon dioxide production estimates: Estimate the carbon dioxide production associated with the system's energy consumption.

g. Influence of utility electricity losses: Consider the losses associated with electricity generation and distribution on the system's performance from parts b to f.

h. Thermoeconomic cost: Calculate the cost of the system for a one-year timeframe, including installation and operational costs, considering capital investment, maintenance costs, and financing costs.

To present the analysis, a table should be created to display the energy interactions, irreversibilities, efficiencies, and costs associated with each component. Balance equations and derivations should be included, along with clear system and subsystem sketches. Assumptions made throughout the analysis should be explicitly stated, along with any supporting information or outside sources used.

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The classical dichotomy and the neutrality of money The classical dichotomy is the separation of real and nominal variables. The following questions test your understanding of this distinction. Megan spends all of her money on magazines and mandarins. In 2008 she earned $15.00 per hour, the price of a magazine was $5.00, and the price of a mandarin was $3.00.
Which of the following give the nominal value of a variable? Check all that apply.
The price of a mandarin is 0.6 magazines in 2008.
Megan's wage is $15.00 per hour in 2008.
Megan's wage is 3 magazines per hour in 2008.
Which of the following give the real value of a variable? Check all that apply.
The price of a magazine is $5.00 in 2008.
Megan's wage is 5 mandarins per hour in 2008.
Megan's wage is $15.00 per hour in 2008.
Suppose that the Fed sharply increases the money supply between 2008 and 2013. In 2013, Megan's wage has risen to $30.00 per hour. The price of a magazine is $10.00 and the price of a mandarin is $6.00.
In 2013, the relative price of a magazine is ____.
Between 2008 and 2013, the nominal value of Megan's wage ______and the real value of her wage _____ .
Monetary neutrality is the proposition that a change in the money supply _____nominal variables ____ and real variables.

Answers

Nominal value of a variable: Megan's wage is $15.00 per hour in 2008.Megan's wage is 3 magazines per hour in 2008.The price of a mandarin is 0.6 magazines in 2008.Real value of a variable.

The price of a magazine is $5.00 in 2008.Megan's wage is $15.00 per hour in 2008. Suppose that the Fed sharply increases the money supply between 2008 and 2013. In 2013, Megan's wage has risen to $30.00 per hour. The price of a magazine is $10.00 and the price of a mandarin is $6.00. Money neutrality is the proposition that a change in the money supply affects nominal variables and real variables.

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a bank xyz customer deposits $2,000 into her checking account and $500 into her savings account. the central bank has set the required reserve ratio at 8%. how will the required reserves change as a result of these transactions on the bank balance sheet?

Answers

Due to these transactions, the bank's balance sheet will reflect a $200 rise in required reserves. To meet the 8% reserve ratio mandated by the central bank, the bank is required to retain this additional sum in reserve.

Given,

Savings Account Deposit: $500

Checking Account Deposit: $2,000

Required to calculate the required reserves change as a result of these transactions on the bank balance sheet =?

Required Reserves = Checking Account Deposit × Required Reserve Ratio

Required Reserves = $2,000 × 0.08 = $160

Required Reserves = Savings Account Deposit × Required Reserve Ratio

Required Reserves = $500 × 0.08 = $40

Total Change in Required Reserves = $160 + $40 = $200

The portion of a bank's deposits that it is mandated by the central bank to retain in reserve is known as the required reserves. A bank's mandated reserve ratio specifies what portion of its deposits it must retain in reserves.

Therefore, the Total Change in Required Reserves = $160 + $40 = $200

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A firm that profits from offering a large section of content or products including many items for which there is not much demand is said to be leveraging the ______.

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A firm that profits from offering a large section of content or products, including many items for which there is not much demand, is said to be leveraging the long tail strategy.


The long tail strategy is a business model that focuses on offering a wide range of niche products or content that individually may have low demand but collectively can generate significant profits. This strategy capitalizes on the concept that there is a large market for products or content that caters to specific interests or needs, even if the demand for each individual item is relatively low.

In summary, a firm that profits from offering a large section of content or products, including many items for which there is not much demand, is leveraging the long tail strategy. This strategy allows the firm to cater to niche markets and capitalize on the cumulative demand for a wide range of specialized offerings.

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which of the following is a significant issue for service efforts and accomplishments (sea) reporting for governmental entities? a sea reporting provides authorization for tax initiatives. b sea reporting will help explain budgetary proposals. c sea reporting helps bring performance results information to citizens to help with their assessment, program selection, and implementation. d sea reporting is required by gasb accounting and reporting standards.

Answers

SEA reporting for governmental entities is significant because it provides performance results information to citizens, aiding their assessment, program selection, and implementation, promoting transparency, accountability, and informed decision-making.

C) SEA reporting helps bring performance results information to citizens to help with their assessment , program selection, and implementation. This is a significant issue for governmental entities because transparency and accountability are essential in public administration. SEA reporting allows government agencies to showcase their accomplishments, demonstrate the effectiveness of their programs, and provide citizens with access to relevant performance data.



By providing this information, SEA reporting enables citizens to make informed decisions, assess the government's performance, and participate in the decision-making process. It promotes accountability, enhances public trust, and fosters a more democratic and participatory governance environment. While the other options may have their own importance in certain contexts, they do not directly address the purpose and significance of SEA reporting for governmental entities.

Therefore, SEA reporting for governmental entities is significant because it provides performance results information to citizens, aiding their assessment, program selection, and implementation, promoting transparency, accountability, and informed decision-making.

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in an interconnected market economy, households operate as suppliers, demanders, or both. classify each market according to whether households are demanders or suppliers in that particular market. then, answer the multiple choice question.

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In an interconnected market economy, households can operate as both suppliers and demanders in various markets. Let's classify some markets based on whether households primarily act as demanders or suppliers:

1. Labor Market: In the labor market, households primarily operate as suppliers of labor. They offer their skills, knowledge, and time in exchange for wages or salaries from businesses.

2. Goods and Services Market: In the goods and services market, households mainly act as demanders. They purchase goods and services from businesses to satisfy their needs and wants.

3. Housing Market: In the housing market, households can operate as both demanders and suppliers. They demand housing units to live in and can also choose to supply housing by renting out or selling their own properties.

4. Financial Market: In the financial market, households can act as both demanders and suppliers. They may demand financial products and services such as loans, mortgages, or investment instruments. At the same time, households can also supply funds by saving or investing in financial assets.

5. Stock Market: In the stock market, households typically act as demanders. They buy shares of stocks issued by companies, aiming to benefit from capital appreciation and dividends.

Based on the classification above, households are primarily demanders in the goods and services market, housing market, and stock market. They act as suppliers in the labor market and may also be suppliers in the housing market and financial market.


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Acelane Inc., unlike its competitors, procures raw material from multiple suppliers. Each supplier in turn supplies raw material to many buyers, including Acelane. This is an example of a(n) ________ relationship.

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This is an example of a multi-sourcing relationship.  This approach allows Acelane to mitigate risks, gain a competitive advantage, and maintain flexibility in its supply chain.

In the given scenario, Acelane Inc. procures raw materials from multiple suppliers, and each supplier supplies raw materials to many buyers, including Acelane. This type of relationship is known as a multi-sourcing relationship.

A multi-sourcing relationship refers to a situation where a buyer or company sources its required goods or services from multiple suppliers. In this case, Acelane Inc. chooses not to rely on a single supplier for its raw material needs. Instead, it diversifies its sourcing by engaging with multiple suppliers.

The decision to engage with multiple suppliers offers several benefits to Acelane Inc. For instance:

Risk diversification: By procuring raw materials from different suppliers, Acelane reduces the risk associated with relying on a single supplier. If one supplier faces disruptions or fails to meet demand, Acelane can still rely on other suppliers to fulfill its requirements.

Competitive advantage: Engaging with multiple suppliers enables Acelane to compare prices, quality, and other factors, allowing them to negotiate better deals and terms. This competition among suppliers can result in cost savings and improved product quality.

Supply chain flexibility: Having multiple suppliers provides Acelane with flexibility in managing its supply chain. It allows them to adjust sourcing based on factors like price fluctuations, capacity constraints, geographical considerations, or changes in supplier performance.

The relationship described, where Acelane Inc. procures raw material from multiple suppliers who also supply to various buyers, including Acelane, exemplifies a multi-sourcing relationship. This approach allows Acelane to mitigate risks, gain a competitive advantage, and maintain flexibility in its supply chain.

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a nation that gains from trade will find its consumption point being located

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A nation that gains from trade will find its consumption point being located beyond its production possibilities frontier (PPF).

Trade allows nations to specialize in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage. By engaging in trade, a nation can import goods that it cannot efficiently produce domestically, expanding its consumption possibilities beyond what its own resources allow. This enables the nation to reach a consumption point that lies beyond its PPF, maximizing its overall welfare and economic well-being.

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the lens shown has radii 20.8 cm and 18.9 cm and is made of a material with index of refraction 1.55. using the shape of the lens to assign the given radii, calculate the focal length of the lens. consider the case where 20.8 cm is the left side and 18.9 cm the right side. (what would you get if you reversed the order, ie. flipped the lens so the two sides are switched?) A turbofan engine during ground run ingests airflow at the rate of me = 500 kg/s through an inlet area (A) of 3.0 m. If the ambient conditions (T,P) are 288 K and 100 kPa, respectively, calculate the area ratio (A/A) for different free-stream Mach num- bers. What is the value of the Mach number where the capture area is equal to the inlet area? Synthesize Despite the competition from other nations, how did the Spanish Empire in the Americas grow so quickly? An antibiotic is to be given to an adult male patient (58 years, 75 kg) by IV infusion. 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