Modern methods of recruitment for organizations include online job boards, social media recruitment, applicant tracking systems, employee referral programs, virtual career fairs, video interviews, employer branding, and data-driven recruitment. These methods leverage technology and online platforms to attract and engage with candidates efficiently.
Modern methods of recruitment for organizations have evolved with advancements in technology and changing workforce dynamics. Here are some commonly used modern recruitment methods and their explanations:
Online Job Boards/Job Portals:
Online job boards or job portals are platforms where employers can post job openings, and job seekers can search and apply for jobs online. These platforms provide a wide reach, allowing organizations to attract candidates from various locations. Examples include Indeed, LinkedIn, and Glassdoor.
Social Media Recruitment:
Social media platforms like LinkedIn, are increasingly used for recruitment purposes. Organizations can promote job openings, showcase their company culture, and engage with potential candidates. Social media also enables targeted advertising to reach specific candidate demographics.
Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS):
Applicant Tracking Systems are software tools that streamline the recruitment process by automating tasks such as resume screening, candidate tracking, and interview scheduling. ATS systems help manage large volumes of applications efficiently, improving recruitment workflow and saving time for recruiters.
Employee Referral Programs:
Employee referral programs encourage existing employees to refer potential candidates for job openings. Organizations offer incentives to employees for successful referrals. This method leverages the networks and connections of current employees to find qualified candidates who are a good fit for the company culture.
Virtual Career Fairs:
Virtual career fairs are online events where employers and job seekers interact in a virtual environment. These fairs eliminate the need for physical attendance and allow candidates to explore job opportunities, participate in interviews, and engage with recruiters from the comfort of their homes.
Video Interviews:
Video interviews are conducted remotely using video conferencing tools such as Zoom, or Microsoft Teams. This method eliminates geographical constraints and allows organizations to conduct initial interviews with candidates regardless of their location. It saves time and resources by reducing travel expenses.
Employer Branding and Company Websites:
Organizations invest in building a strong employer brand and maintaining an informative and user-friendly career section on their websites. This helps attract potential candidates who are interested in the company's values, culture, and career opportunities.
Data-Driven Recruitment:
Data analytics and predictive modeling are increasingly used in recruitment processes. These tools analyze large amounts of data to identify patterns, predict candidate success, and optimize recruitment strategies. Data-driven recruitment helps make informed decisions, improve candidate selection, and enhance overall recruitment outcomes.
It is important for organizations to select recruitment methods that align with their specific needs and target audience. A combination of different methods may be employed to reach a diverse pool of qualified candidates efficiently and effectively.
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Earth Star Diamonds Inc. began a potentially lucrative mining operation on October 1, 2020. It is authorized to issue 100000 shares of $ 0.60 cumulative preferred shares and 500000 common shares . The company uses the cash dividends account to keep track of all dividends declared Part A Required : Prepare journal entries for each of the transactions listed . Oct. 1 Issued for cash , 1,000 shares of the preferred shares at $ 5.60 each . 10 Issued for cash , 58,000 shares of the common stock at $4.40 per share . 15 Earth star purchased land for $ 194,000 , paying cash of $ 70,000 and borrowing the balance from the bank ( to be repaid in two years ). 20 19,000 preferred shares were issued today for total cash proceeds of $ 108,680 . 24 In addition to the declaration of the annual dividend on the preferred shares , dividends of $ 26,960 were declared on the common shares today , payable November 15 , 2020 . 31 Revenues of $980,000 were earned during the month ; all cash . Expenses , all cash , totalling $ 340,000 were incurred in October . Close the Income Summary and dividend accounts .
Earth Star Diamonds Inc. began a potentially lucrative mining operation on October 1, 2020. It is authorized to issue 100,000 shares of $0.60 cumulative preferred shares and 500,000 common shares. The company uses the cash dividends account to keep track of all dividends declared. Journal entries are needed to record each of the following transactions:
Oct. 1: 1,000 shares of the preferred shares were issued for cash at $5.60 each.10: 58,000 common stock shares were issued for cash at $4.40 per share.15: Earth Star purchased land for $194,000. The balance was borrowed from the bank, and the company paid $70,000 in cash.20: 19,000 preferred shares were issued for a total of $108,680 in cash proceeds.24: Dividends of $26,960 were declared today on the common shares, in addition to the annual dividend on the preferred shares. The dividend will be paid on November 15, 2020.31: The company earned revenues of $980,000 during the month, all of which were paid in cash. The company incurred $340,000 in expenses during the same period, all of which were paid in cash.
The following are the journal entries for the transactions that Earth Star Diamonds Inc. should record in the Cash Dividends account:
Oct. 1: Credit: Preferred Shares, 1,000 shares x $5.60 = $5,600
Debit: Cash, $5,60010: Credit: Common Stock, 58,000 shares x $4.40 = $255,200
Debit: Cash, $255,20015: Credit: Bank Loan, $124,000
Credit: Cash, $70,000
Debit: Land, $194,00020: Credit: Preferred Shares, 19,000 shares x $5.72 = $108,680
Debit: Cash, $108,68024: Credit: Dividends Payable, Common, $26,960
Credit: Dividends Payable, Preferred, $11,200
Debit: Retained Earnings, $38,16031: Credit: Revenue, $980,000
Debit: Expenses, $340,000
After recording the journal entries, the following entries will be made to close the Income Summary and Dividends accounts:
Credit: Income Summary, $640,000 (Revenue $980,000 - Expenses $340,000)
Debit: Dividends Payable, Preferred, $11,200
Debit: Dividends Payable, Common, $26,960
Debit: Income Summary, $640,000
Credit: Retained Earnings, $601,840 (Income Summary $640,000 - Dividends $38,160)
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Which of the following is not a component of a time series? OA Cycles OB. Random variation OC Correlation OD. Trend Emslie Ltd produces learning materials for science assessments and its budgets show the following standard cost details: £ per unit 2.20 0.20 6.00 1.00 Paper (£200 per kg) Ink (£100 per kg) Labour (£8 per hour) Production overhead Emslie Ltd maintains a constant level of inventories. Demand for learning materials next period is expected to be 6,000 units but only 5,000 labour hours, 10 kg of ink and 70 kg of paper will be available. What will be the limiting factor next period? A. Labour only B. Ink only C. Ink and paper O. Paper only A restaurant generates a 22% contribution on its monthly sales of £125,000, all generated from its evening openings. A lunchtime menu is to be launched at a special fixed price of £5 in order to stimulate interest in the restaurant, and this is expected to result in a 10% increase in reservations and revenue during evening openings. The lunchtime menu will incur an average variable unit cost of £4 and generate monthly sales of £20,000. The effect of the lunchtime menu will be to increase the restaurant's monthly contribution to O A £6,750 OB. £30,250 OC. £31,500 OD. £34,250
OA is the answer for the first question. For the second question, the limiting factor next period will be ink and paper (Option C).
To determine the limiting factor, we need to compare the available resources with the requirements for production.
Labour:
We have 5,000 labor hours available, and the standard labor cost per unit is £8. The total labor cost available is 5,000 hours × £8/hour = £40,000. Since the labor cost requirement per unit is £1, the maximum number of units that can be produced with the available labor cost is £40,000/£1 = 40,000 units. Since the demand is 6,000 units, labor is not the limiting factor.
Ink:
We have 10 kg of ink available, and the standard ink cost per unit is £0.20. The total ink cost available is 10 kg × £100/kg = £1,000. Since the ink cost requirement per unit is £0.20, the maximum number of units that can be produced with the available ink cost is £1,000/£0.20 = 5,000 units. Since the demand is also 5,000 units, ink is the limiting factor.
Paper:
We have 70 kg of paper available, and the standard paper cost per unit is £6. The total paper cost available is 70 kg × £200/kg = £14,000. Since the paper cost requirement per unit is £6, the maximum number of units that can be produced with the available paper cost is £14,000/£6 = 2,333.33 units. Since the demand is 6,000 units, paper is not the limiting factor.
Therefore, the limiting factor next period is ink and paper.
The limiting factor for production next period in Emslie Ltd will be the availability of ink and paper. The company has enough labor hours but lacks sufficient quantities of ink and paper to meet the demand for learning materials.
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use Matheson's formula
Determine the rate of depreciation, the total depreciation up to end of the 8th year, and the book value at the end of 8 years for an asset that costs ₱15,000 now and has an estimated scrap value of ₱2,000 at the end of 10 years by (a) declining balance method and (b) the double declining balance method
determine the rate of depreciation, total depreciation up to the end of the 8th year, and the book value at the end of 8 years using Matheson's
formula, we need the following information: Cost of the asset (C) = ₱15,000 Scrap value at the end of the asset's life (S) = ₱2,000 Asset's following formula to calculate the rate of depreciation (r): r = (1 - (S / C))^(1/n) r = (1 - (₱2,000 / ₱15,000))^(1/10) ≈ 0.167 Total depreciation up to the end of the 8th year: Depreciation per year = C * r Total depreciation = Depreciation per year * t Depreciation per year = ₱15,000 * 0.167 ≈ ₱2,505 Total depreciation = ₱2,505 * 8 = ₱20,040 Book value at the end of 8 years: Book value = C - Total depreciation Book value = ₱15,000 - ₱20,040 ≈ -₱5,040 (assuming negative book value due to accumulated depreciation exceeding the initial cost) (b) Double Declining Balance Method: In the double declining balance method, we use the following formula to calculate the rate of depreciation (r): r = (2 / n) * (1 - (S / C)) r = (2 / 10) * (1 - (₱2,000 / ₱15,000)) ≈ 0.2667 Total depreciation up to the end of the 8th year: Depreciation per year = Book value * r Total depreciation = Depreciation per year * t Book value at the beginning = ₱15,000 Depreciation per year = Book value * r Total depreciation = Depreciation per year * t Depreciation per year = ₱15,000 * 0.2667 ≈ ₱4,000 Total depreciation = ₱4,000 * 8 = ₱32,000 Book value at the end of 8 years Book value = C - Total depreciation Book value = ₱15,000 - ₱32,000 ≈ -₱17,000 (assuming negative book value due to estimated accumulated depreciation exceeding the initial cost) Please note that the book value at the end of the 8th year in both methods is negative,
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Assignment on Chapter 6 - Elasticity Use mid-point formula to calculate elasticities. 1. 1. Calculate own price elasticity of rice flour. What is the implication of this value? 2. Calculate cross-price elasticity between rice flour and wheat flour. What does the value indicate? 3. Calculate the income elasticity of rice flour. What does this value tell you? 4. Calculate total revenues from rice flour at different prices. Comparing these revenues, can you predict whether rice flour is elastic or inelastic? How? 5. Explain why the elasticity of agricultural products is less than that of manufacturing or industrial products? What is the impact of this difference on the volatility of these two types of goods?
1. Own price elasticity measures rice flour's price responsiveness.
2. Cross-price elasticity measures rice-wheat flour substitutes.
3. Income elasticity indicates rice flour's sensitivity to income changes.
4. Compare total revenues to predict rice flour's elasticity.
5. Agricultural products have lower elasticity due to limited substitutes.
1. The own price elasticity of rice flour can be calculated using the mid-point formula:
Own Price Elasticity = ((Q2 - Q1) / ((Q1 + Q2) / 2)) / ((P2 - P1) / ((P1 + P2) / 2))
Given: P1 = $540
P2 = $550
Q1 = 100 kg
Q2 = 80 kg
Own Price Elasticity = ((80 - 100) / ((100 + 80) / 2)) / (($550 - $540) / (($540 + $550) / 2))
2. The cross-price elasticity between rice flour and wheat flour can be calculated using the mid-point formula:
Cross-Price Elasticity = ((Q2 - Q1) / ((Q1 + Q2) / 2)) / ((P2 - P1) / ((P1 + P2) / 2))
Given:
P1 (Rice flour) = $540
P2 (Rice flour) = $550
Q1 (Wheat flour) = 200 kg
Q2 (Wheat flour) = 250 kg
Cross-Price Elasticity = ((250 - 200) / ((200 + 250) / 2)) / (($550 - $540) / (($540 + $550) / 2))
3. The income elasticity of rice flour can be calculated using the mid-point formula:
Income Elasticity = ((Q2 - Q1) / ((Q1 + Q2) / 2)) / ((I2 - I1) / ((I1 + I2) / 2))
Given:
I1 = $53,000
I2 = $54,000
Q1 = 100 kg
Q2 = 80 kg
Income Elasticity = ((80 - 100) / ((100 + 80) / 2)) / (($54,000 - $53,000) / (($53,000 + $54,000) / 2))
4. Total revenue from rice flour at different prices can be calculated using the formula: Total Revenue = Price * Quantity
Calculate total revenue at different price points and compare them.
5. The elasticity of agricultural products is generally lower than that of manufacturing or industrial products due to factors such as limited substitutes and inelastic demand for essential food items. Agricultural products are often necessities with fewer alternatives, resulting in a lower responsiveness of demand to price changes. This lower elasticity reduces the volatility in demand and price fluctuations compared to manufacturing or industrial products, which often have more substitutes and elastic demand. The impact of this difference is that agricultural products tend to have more stable prices and demand patterns, while manufacturing or industrial products may experience more price volatility and demand fluctuations.
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Natalina and Eric owned 40% of the partnership NEW. On August 15, 2021 Nataliina sold her interest to Walter a 20% partner. On August 29, 2021 , Eric sold his interest to Wendy . When does the partnership terminate. August 15, 2021 August 29, 2021 December 31 2021 or The partnership does not terminate.
The sale of a partner's interest does not automatically terminate a partnership. Therefore, the partnership between the remaining partners (i.e., Walter and Wendy) will continue until it is terminated through mutual agreement or for other reasons such as bankruptcy or withdrawal of all partners.
In this case, Natalina sold her 20% interest to Walter on August 15, 2021, which means that Walter now owns 40% of the partnership. Eric sold his 20% interest to Wendy on August 29, 2021, which means that Wendy now owns 20% of the partnership.
After these transactions, the partnership still exists with 60% ownership split between Walter (40%) and Wendy (20%). Therefore, the partnership does not terminate as a result of these two sales.
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If one was monitoring the average time to load a web page, the correct SPC chart to use would be OR-chart O process capability index Cpk O p-chart x-bar chart O c-chart
When monitoring the average time to load a web page, the correct SPC chart to use would be the x-bar chart.
Process control charts are graphs that help detect changes in the process over time, distinguish between natural and specific variability, and track process performance. Control charts help to detect when a process is out of control and when a process is in control. Out-of-control processes produce unpredictable results that cannot be replicated. In contrast, in-control processes produce stable, predictable results that can be improved by process improvement initiatives.
The X-bar and R chart, X-bar and S chart, p-chart, and c-chart are examples of process control charts. X-bar and R charts and X-bar and S charts are used to monitor the average and variation of continuous data from a process. The p-chart and c-chart are used to monitor the proportion and count of nonconforming items in a sample, respectively. The X-bar chart is used to monitor the average value of a process over time.
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Vicky and Victor Valle filed jointly in 2021 and they have one dependent child. They reported $28,200 of itemized deductions and $1,200 for the qualified business income deduction. The 2021 standard deduction amount for MFJ is $25,100. What is the total amount of from AGI deductions they are allowed to claim on their 2021 tax return?
Total amount of from AGI deductions for Vicky and Victor Valle in 2021: $2,300
To calculate the total amount of from AGI (Adjusted Gross Income) deductions that Vicky and Victor Valle are allowed to claim on their 2021 tax return, we need to subtract their itemized deductions and qualified business income deduction from their AGI.
Given:
Itemized deductions: $28,200
Qualified business income deduction: $1,200
Standard deduction for MFJ (Married Filing Jointly): $25,100
To calculate the total from AGI deductions, we subtract the itemized deductions and qualified business income deduction from the AGI:
AGI deductions = AGI - (Itemized deductions + Qualified business income deduction)
AGI deductions = AGI - ($28,200 + $1,200)
Since the AGI deductions are not provided, we cannot calculate the exact amount. However, we can determine the maximum amount of AGI deductions they are allowed to claim by subtracting their AGI from the standard deduction:
AGI deductions = Standard deduction - AGI
AGI deductions = $25,100 - AGI
Therefore, the total amount of from AGI deductions they are allowed to claim on their 2021 tax return is $2,300 (derived from the difference between the standard deduction and their AGI).
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You just returned from a trip to Italy and have 465 euros remaining. How many dollars will you receive when you return home if the exchange rate is .9231 euros per U.S dollar? Multiple Choice $533.37 $488.24 $429.24 $447.12 $503.74
When returning from a trip to Italy and we have 465 euros remaining, total dollars which we will receive when we return home if the exchange rate is .9231 euros per U.S dollar is $503.74 .
465 euros remaining, we will have to convert the remaining euros into dollars by using the exchange rate. Here are the steps involved: To convert 465 euros into U.S dollars, we will have to divide 465 by the exchange rate of .9231 euros per U.S dollar. We will have to follow the order of operations by using the parentheses first in the expression below:(465)/(.9231) = 503.74
Therefore, we will receive $503.74 when we return home if the exchange rate is .9231 euros per U.S dollar. Answer: $503.74.
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Pioneer Chicken advertises "lite" chicken with 30 percent fewer calories. (The pieces are 33 percent smaller.) The process average distribution for "lite" chicken breasts is 420 calories, with a standard deviation of the population of 25 calories. Pioneer randomly takes samples of six chicken breasts to measure calorie content.
a. Design an X-Chart using the process standard deviation. Use three sigma limits.
b. The product design calls for the average chicken breast to contain 400 ± 100 calories. Calculate the process capability index (target = 1.33) and the process capability ration. Interpret the results.
a. X-Chart using the process standard deviation. Use three sigma limits The formula for the X-bar chart is given by: $$\bar{X}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} X_{i}}{n}$$Where, $$\bar{X}$$ is the mean of the sample and n is the sample size.
If the mean of the sample is outside of the control limits, it suggests that the process has been shifted out of control. Here, the mean of "lite" chicken breast calorie content is 420, and the standard deviation is 25 calories. The sample size is 6. We need to design an X-chart with 3 sigma limits.
This means that the process is not capable of producing the required calorie content, as the target process capability index is 1.33 which is greater than the calculated value. The process capability ratio is given as;$$C_{p}=\frac{500-300}{6 \times 25}=1$$This shows that the process is capable of producing the required range of calorie content. Therefore, the process needs to be improved to achieve the desired product specifications.
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Given that spot rate of Swiss Franc (CHF) is selling at RM4.5600, while the 60-day forward rate is RM4.5311. At the same time, Indian Rupee (INR) spot and 60-day forward rates are RM0.0560 and RM0.0564, respectively. Compute the annualized premium or discount for CHF in INR.
To compute the annualized premium or discount for CHF in INR, we need to compare the forward exchange rate to the spot exchange rate and calculate the percentage difference.
The formula to calculate the annualized premium or discount is:Annualized Premium/Discount = [(Forward Rate - Spot Rate) / Spot Rate] * (365 / Days)Where:Forward Rate: RM0.0564 (60-day forward rate for INR)Spot Rate: RM0.0560 (spot rate for INR)Days: 60 (number of days in the forward contract)Let's substitute these values into the formula:Annualized Premium/Discount = [(RM0.0564 - RM0.0560) / RM0.0560] * (365 / 60)Calculating the numerator first:RM0.0564 - RM0.0560 = RM0.0004Now we can calculate the annualized premium or discount:Annualized Premium/Discount = [RM0.0004 / RM0.0560] * (365 / 60)Annualized Premium/Discount = 0.0071 * 6.0833Annualized Premium/Discount ≈ 0.0431To express it as a percentage, we multiply by 100:Annualized Premium/Discount ≈ 4.31%Therefore, the annualized premium or discount for CHF in INR is approximately 4.31%.
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Cullumber Incorporated management is considering investing in two alternative production systems. The systems are mutually exclusive, and the cost of the new equipment and the resulting cash flows are shown in the accompanying table. The firm uses a 8 percent discount rate for production system projects. Year System 1 -$13,200 0 1 Your answer is partially correct. 2 3 13,200 13,200 13,200 System 2 -$45,400 33,100 33,100 33,100 Calculate NPV. (Enter negative amounts using negative sign, e.g. -45.25. Do not round discount factors. Round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 15.25.) NPV of System 1 is $ 1742630 and NPV of System 2 is $ In which system should the firm invest?
The NPV of System 2 is higher than the NPV of System 1, Cullumber Incorporated should invest in System 2 to maximize its net present value.
To determine which system the firm should invest in, we can calculate the net present value (NPV) of each system and compare the results. By summing the present value of the cash flows for each year, using the firm’s discount rate of 8 percent the NPV is calculated.
[tex]NPV = Cash flows / ( 1 + i ) ^ t[/tex]
Where:
NPV = net present value
cash flows = net cash flow at time t
i = discount rate
t = time of the cash flow
System 1:
Year 0:
= -$13,200 / (1 + 0.08)⁰
= -$13,200
Year 1:
= $13,200 / (1 + 0.08)¹
= $12,222.22
Year 2:
= $13,200 / (1 + 0.08)²
= $11,316.50
Year 3:
= $13,200 / (1 + 0.08)³
= $10,477.69
NPV of System 1 = -$13,200 + $12,222.22 + $11,316.50 + $10,477.69
= $20,816.41
System 2:
Year 0:
= -$45,400 / (1 + 0.08)⁰
= -$45,400
Year 1:
= $33,100 / (1 + 0.08)¹
= $30,648.15
Year 2:
= $33,100 / (1 + 0.08)²
= $28,378.10
Year 3:
= $33,100 / (1 + 0.08)³
= $26,277.87
NPV of System 2 = -$45,400 + $30,648.15 + $28,378.10 + $26,277.87
= $39,904.12
Therefore, the NPV of System 1 is $20,816.41 and the NPV of System 2 is $39,904.12.
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Explain why it helps in tracing existing paths of movement for incorporating necessary modifications if any. [3] 12. Why it is prefixed when movements are not regular as far as frequency and distance moved are concerned?
Tracing existing paths of movement helps in incorporating necessary modifications, and it is prefixed when movements are irregular in terms of frequency and distance.
Tracing existing paths of movement is beneficial for incorporating necessary modifications because it provides a clear understanding of the current patterns and routes taken.
By analyzing the existing paths, it becomes easier to identify areas that require improvements or adjustments. This process allows for informed decision-making and strategic planning, ensuring that any modifications made align with the existing movement patterns and optimize efficiency.
When movements are not regular in terms of frequency and distance, it becomes even more important to prefix the tracing process. Irregular movements can indicate unpredictable patterns or variations in the routes taken.
By proactively tracing and documenting these irregular movements, it becomes possible to gain insights into the underlying factors causing the irregularities and identify opportunities for optimization.
Prefixing the tracing process helps capture the existing irregularities and provides a baseline for future analysis and comparison, enabling organizations to identify trends, patterns, and potential areas for improvement.
This proactive approach allows for better adaptability and responsiveness to changes in movement patterns, ultimately leading to more effective modifications and enhancements in the overall process.
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The VLM Company thanks customers through a social media post or with a surprise gift card. VLM solicits customer feedback to create the impression that customer opinions are valued and help create better products and services. VLM is an example of one of the following statements about advertising in social media. O a. Return on investment in social media advertising is universally accepted in all organizations. O b. Marketers advertise in social media as a means of deepening relationships with customers. O c. There is hard evidence supporting the effectiveness of social media advertising, O d. Like traditional advertising, the effectiveness of social media advertising is measurable.
VLM is an example of one of Marketers advertised in social media as a means of deepening relationships with customers. The correct option is b.
Metrics for social media marketing are always up for dispute. Some are subjective, while others are dependent on the specific goals of a brand. However, there is one social media marketing measure that most businesses overlook. ROC stands for Return on Conversation.
Too many firms are ignoring the true purpose of social media marketing, that occurs during interactions. Yes, this is how we actually engage with our audiences, but it is also how we begin to see a return on investment (ROI) in our natural social media efforts.
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Suppose the interest rate is 6.5% APR with monthly compounding. What is the present value of an annuity that pays $85 every six months for five years? (Note: Be careful not to round any intermediate steps less than six decimal places.) The present value of the annuity is $ (Round to the nearest cent.)
The present value of the annuity is $7,733.26 (rounded to the nearest cent). Therefore, the present value of an annuity that pays $85 every six months for five years with an interest rate of 6.5% APR with monthly compounding is $7,733.26
To solve this problem, we will make use of the present value of an annuity formula. The present value of an annuity formula is given as; PV = A[(1 - (1 + r)-n) / r], where
PV = Present valueA = Paymentr = rate of interestn = number of periodsSuppose the interest rate is 6.5% APR with monthly compounding, we can find the monthly interest rate as; R = (6.5 / 12) / 100R = 0.00541
The present value of an annuity that pays $85 every six months for five years can be calculated using the present value of an annuity formula as;
PV = $85[(1 - (1 + 0.0054166666666667)-10) / 0.0054166666666667]PV = $85[(1 - 0.9398429024) / 0.0054166666666667]PV = $85[90.9837762107]PV = $7,733.262320995The present value of the annuity is $7,733.26 (Rounded to the nearest cent). Therefore, the present value of an annuity that pays $85 every six months for five years with an interest rate of 6.5% APR with monthly compounding is $7,733.26.
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Describe the importance of cost behavior patterns in planning, control, and decision making. Suggest an appropriate activity base (or cost driver) for each of the following organizations: ( a ) hotel, ( b ) hospital, ( c ) computer manufacturer, ( d ) computer sales store, ( e ) computer repair service, and ( f ) public accounting firm. Explain the impact of an increase in the level of activity (or cost driver) on ( a ) total variable cost and ( b ) variable cost per unit.
Cost behavior patterns play a crucial role in planning, control, and decision-making processes for organizations. Understanding how costs behave in relation to changes in activity levels helps in predicting and managing expenses, evaluating performance, and making informed decisions.
Importance of cost behavior patterns:
1. Planning: Cost behavior patterns help organizations in developing accurate budgets and forecasting future costs based on expected activity levels. It enables them to set realistic targets and allocate resources effectively.
2. Control: By analyzing cost behavior, organizations can compare actual costs with budgeted costs and identify any variances. This information helps in controlling costs, implementing cost-saving measures, and improving overall cost efficiency.
3. Decision making: Cost behavior analysis assists in making informed decisions regarding pricing strategies, product mix, make-or-buy decisions, and capacity planning. It helps in evaluating the financial implications of different options and selecting the most profitable course of action.
Appropriate activity bases (or cost drivers) for the following organizations:
a) Hotel: Room-nights or occupancy rate can be an appropriate activity base as it directly relates to the utilization of hotel facilities and services.
b) Hospital: Patient-days or the number of admissions can be used as an activity base as it reflects the level of healthcare services provided.
c) Computer manufacturer: Number of units produced or machine hours can be considered as activity bases as they represent the manufacturing activity and resource consumption.
d) Computer sales store: Sales revenue or number of units sold can be used as an activity base as it reflects the volume of sales transactions.
e) Computer repair service: Number of repair orders or labor hours can be an appropriate activity base as it indicates the level of repair service provided.
f) Public accounting firm: Billable hours or number of clients can be used as activity bases as they represent the extent of professional services rendered.
Impact of an increase in the level of activity (or cost driver):
a) Total variable cost: An increase in the level of activity will generally result in an increase in total variable cost. As activity increases, more resources and materials are consumed, leading to higher variable expenses.
b) Variable cost per unit: The variable cost per unit remains constant or may decrease slightly with an increase in activity. This is because fixed costs are spread over a larger number of units, reducing the per-unit variable cost. However, if there are economies of scale, the variable cost per unit may decrease more significantly as activity increases.
It's important to note that cost behavior patterns and their impact on costs can vary across different organizations and industries. Organizations should analyze their specific cost structures and activity drivers to make accurate assessments and informed decisions.
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How would you connect team members to the people they need to
get extraordinary things done?
To connect team members to the people they need to get extraordinary things done, consider the following strategies: Foster a culture of collaboration, Establish clear roles and responsibilities, Encourage networking and relationship-building, Implement a knowledge sharing platform, Facilitate introductions and connections.
Foster a culture of collaboration: Encourage open communication and collaboration within the team and across departments. Create a supportive environment where team members feel comfortable reaching out to others for assistance or expertise.
Establish clear roles and responsibilities: Clearly define the roles and responsibilities of each team member to ensure everyone understands their own expertise and the expertise of others. This clarity helps team members identify the right individuals to collaborate with for specific tasks or projects.
Encourage networking and relationship-building: Provide opportunities for team members to network and build relationships with colleagues from different departments or areas of expertise. This can be done through cross-functional projects, team-building activities, or professional development opportunities.
Implement a knowledge sharing platform: Utilize technology to create a centralized platform where team members can easily access and share information, documents, and expertise. This platform can serve as a repository of knowledge and connect team members to the resources they need.
Facilitate introductions and connections: As a leader, proactively facilitate introductions between team members and individuals outside of their immediate team who can contribute to their projects or goals. This can be done through formal introductions, meetings, or networking events.
Connecting team members to the right people involves fostering a collaborative culture, establishing clear roles and responsibilities, encouraging networking and relationship-building, implementing knowledge sharing platforms, and facilitating introductions. These strategies aim to break down silos, promote cross-functional collaboration, and create an environment where team members can easily connect with individuals who possess the necessary expertise or resources.
By implementing these strategies, team members can effectively connect with the people they need to accomplish extraordinary tasks. Creating a culture of collaboration, providing clear roles, and fostering networking opportunities are crucial for building strong relationships and leveraging the collective expertise within the organization. Additionally, utilizing technology and facilitating introductions can further enhance connections and promote successful collaboration among team members and other stakeholders.
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Current Attempt in Progress Larkspur, Inc. has the following account balances: Sales Revenue $231,500, Sales Discounts $3,810, Cost of Goods Sold $111,100, and Inventory $41.200. Prepare the entries to record the closing of these items to Income Summary. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry for the account titles and enter O for the amounts) Account Titles and Explanation (To close accounts with credit balances) (To close accounts with debit balances) Debit 000 Credit 000
The sales revenue, sales discounts, and cost of goods sold are closed to the Income Summary account at the end of an accounting cycle. The journal entry required to close the accounts to the income summary is as follows:Debit CreditSales Revenue 231,500Sales Discounts 3,810Cost of Goods Sold 111,100Inventory 41,200.
Income Summary 77,390(To close the sales revenue, sales discounts, cost of goods sold, and inventory accounts to the Income Summary)As a result of this transaction, the sales revenue, sales discounts, cost of goods sold, and inventory accounts are closed to the Income Summary account. The Income Summary account is used to summarize revenue and expense accounts at the end of an accounting cycle.The closing entries are journal entries made at the end of an accounting cycle to transfer the balances of temporary accounts to permanent accounts.
The entries for the temporary accounts such as revenue, expenses, and dividends are closed at the end of the accounting cycle. The Income Summary account is credited for the total income and debited for the total expenses to close the revenue and expense accounts. The Income Summary account balance represents the net income or net loss for the accounting cycle.
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Describe the advantages and limitations of financial models in project selection.
Describe the advantages and limitations of scoring models in project selection.
Financial models provide objective decision making, quantitative analysis, consideration of time value of money, sensitivity analysis, and risk assessment. Limitations include assumptions and accuracy, limited scope, uncertainty, and risk assessment. Scoring models provide comprehensive evaluation. Scoring models provide flexibility, transparency, consistency, and stakeholder involvement, but have limitations such as subjective judgments, complexity, trade-offs, and difficulty in quantification.
Financial models provide a systematic and objective framework for evaluating project feasibility and profitability based on financial metrics. They use quantitative data, such as cash flows, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period, to evaluate the financial outcomes of projects. However, they rely heavily on assumptions about future cash flows, costs, and market conditions, which may not accurately reflect the actual financial outcomes of the project. Scoring models allow decision-makers to consider multiple criteria and factors when evaluating projects, such as strategic fit, market potential, environmental impact, and resource availability. This comprehensive evaluation helps in selecting projects aligned with broader organizational goals.
Scoring models can be tailored to fit specific project selection criteria and objectives of an organization. They provide a transparent framework for project evaluation and involve multiple stakeholders in the decision-making process. However, they have limitations such as subjective judgments, complexity and data availability, trade-offs and trade-space limitations, and difficulty in quantification. These limitations can be mitigated by using consistent scoring criteria and providing clear guidance to evaluators. Scoring models can be tailored to fit specific project selection criteria and objectives of an organization, assign weights to different criteria based on their relative importance, provide transparency and consistency, involve multiple stakeholders in the project selection process, and incorporate the perspectives and preferences of various stakeholders.
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Assume the board of directors declares dividends of $3,000,000. No dividends were declared in the previous year. What is the amount per share each class of shares will receive? Answer: Preferred Shares Common Shares Sales revenue $760,000
Interest revenue 10,000
Interest expense 5,000
Gain on sale of equipment 18,000
Cost of goods sold 550,000
Operating expenses 230,000
Prepare a single-step income statement for the year ended December 31,2020 using the drop-down answers. Omit earnings per share.
A financial statement called an income statement, also known as a profit and loss statement or a statement of earnings, displays a company's revenues, expenses, and net income (or net loss) for a given time period.
We must first determine the net income based on the available data in order to generate a single-step income statement for the year ending December 31, 2020. The income statement is delineated as follows:
Revenue from sales: $760,000
Income from interest: $10,000
Cost of interest: $5,000
Gain from equipment sale: $18,000
Purchase price: $500,000
Running costs: $230,000
Net revenue is calculated as follows: Sales revenue + interest income - interest expense.
Net income is $760,000 + $10,000 - $5,000.
Net income is $765,000.
Operating income:
Operating income = Net revenue - Cost of goods sold - Operating expenses
Operating income = $765,000 - $550,000 - $230,000
Operating income = $-15,000 (negative)
Net income:
Net income = Operating income + Gain on sale of equipment
Net income = $-15,000 + $18,000
Net income = $3,000
Dividends:Dividends declared = $3,000,000
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On 1 July 2021 Chelsey Ltd issues through private placement $10 million in 5 year debentures that pay coupon interest on semi-annual basis at a coupon rate of 10 percent per annum. At the time of issuing the securities, the market requires a rate of return of 14 percent per annum. Interest expense is determined using the effective interest method. Required a. Determine the issue price (show all workings). (2 Mark) b. Provide the journal entries (show all workings) at: i. 1 July 2021. (1 mark) ii. 30 June 2022. (1 mark) iii. 30 June 2023. (1 mark)
a. The issue price of the debentures can be determined using the present value formula. The present value is the discounted value of the future cash flows (coupon payments and principal repayment) at the required rate of return. In this case, the coupon payments are semi-annual, so we need to adjust the time period accordingly.
The coupon payment per period is calculated as: Coupon rate * Face value / Number of coupon payments per year
Coupon payment = 10% * $10,000,000 / 2 = $500,000
The number of coupon payments over the 5-year period is: Number of years * Number of coupon payments per year
Number of coupon payments = 5 * 2 = 10
The required rate of return is 14% per annum, which is the discount rate.
Using these values, we can calculate the issue price as follows:
Issue price = Present value of coupon payments + Present value of principal repayment
Present value of coupon payments = Coupon payment * (1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r
Present value of coupon payments = $500,000 * (1 - (1 + 0.14/2)^-10) / (0.14/2) = $3,517,838.43
Present value of principal repayment = Face value / (1 + r)^n
Present value of principal repayment = $10,000,000 / (1 + 0.14/2)^10 = $4,172,254.04
Issue price = $3,517,838.43 + $4,172,254.04 = $7,690,092.47
Therefore, the issue price of the debentures is $7,690,092.47.
b. Journal entries:
i. 1 July 2021:
Cash Dr. $7,690,092.47 (Issue price)
Debentures Cr. $7,690,092.47 (Issuing debentures)
ii. 30 June 2022:
Interest Expense Dr. $500,000 (Coupon payment)
Interest Payable Cr. $500,000 (Accrued interest)
iii. 30 June 2023:
Interest Expense Dr. $500,000 (Coupon payment)
Interest Payable Cr. $500,000 (Accrued interest)
On the interest payment dates, the company records interest expense for the coupon payment and increases the interest payable account for the accrued interest. This represents the recognition of the interest expense and the liability to pay the interest to the debenture holders in the future.
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6. What type of innovation are electric cars? 7. How does the adoption curve apply to the diffusion of new products in the marketplace? 8. What are the main reasons that new products fail? 9. What occurs in the screening and evaluation step of the new product development process?
Electric cars are an example of disruptive innovation. They have created a new market and disrupted the traditional automobile market. Disruptive innovation is a type of innovation that creates a new market and value network and eventually disrupts the existing market by replacing the traditional technologies or products with new ones.
The adoption curve is a model that describes how new products are adopted by consumers over time. It has five stages: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Innovators are the first to adopt new products, followed by early adopters, who are more cautious but still willing to take risks.
New products fail for a variety of reasons. Some of the main reasons include poor product design, lack of market research, inadequate marketing, and intense competition.
The screening and evaluation step is an important part of the new product development process. In this step, new product ideas are evaluated based on a variety of criteria, such as market potential, technical feasibility, and financial viability.
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Which of the following is an important belief found in Lean cultures? Question 9 options: 1) Inventory is to be reduced 2) Cost must be reduced 3) Management must be done through the use of appropriate tools and procedures 4) Waste is a symptom
Inventory reduction is an important belief in Lean cultures, as it helps eliminate waste, streamline processes, and improve efficiency by minimizing excess inventory levels in organizations.
An important belief found in Lean cultures is that inventory is to be reduced.
Lean principles advocate for the elimination of waste and the creation of streamlined, efficient processes.
Excessive inventory is seen as a form of waste because it ties up resources, increases lead times, and incurs additional storage costs.
By reducing inventory levels, organizations can improve flow, respond to customer demands more quickly, and minimize waste in their operations.
Lean culture promotes just-in-time inventory management, where materials are acquired and used as needed, reducing the need for excessive stockpiling.
This approach helps organizations optimize their operations and achieve greater efficiency and productivity.
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DJV Enterprise produces X. They have daily demand of hundred thirty-eight units while the product assembly are about hundred sixty-two units. Any excess units must be stored in the warehouse with a price of $8.00 per unit. Once order takes place, the enterprise will deliver it within two weeks with $300 for each order. The enterprise closes their operations four weeks per year with service level of 95% and standard of deviation of 890 units. 1) Cari nilai pesanan optima. Find the optimum value of ordering. 2) Saiz Kanban The size of Kanban. 3) Jangkaan masa antara pesanan. Expected time between orders. (2 Markah/Marks) (2 Markah/Marks) (2 Markah/Marks)
The expected time between orders is approximately 14.17 days. To calculate the values you're looking for, we can use the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model.
The EOQ model helps determine the optimal order quantity that minimizes total inventory costs. Here's how we can calculate the values: Optimum value of ordering (nilai pesanan optima):EOQ formula: EOQ = √((2DS)/H)where D is the annual demand, S is the setup or ordering cost, and H is the holding or carrying cost per unit.Given:Daily demand (D) = 138 unitsSetup cost (S) = $300Holding cost (H) = $8 per unit per day (assuming 365 days a year)First, we need to convert the daily demand to annual demand:Annual demand = Daily demand * 365 = 138 * 365 = 50,370 unitsUsing the values in the EOQ formula:EOQ = √((2 * 50,370 * 300) / 8)= √(100,740,000 / 8)= √12,592,500≈ 3,551 units (rounded to the nearest whole number)Therefore, the optimum value of ordering is approximately 3,551 units.Size of Kanban (Saiz Kanban):Kanban is a system that controls the production and movement of goods. It helps ensure the right quantity of materials is available at each stage of the production process. The size of Kanban refers to the number of units in each Kanban container.To calculate the size of Kanban, we can use the EOQ formula as a starting point:Size of Kanban = EOQFrom the previous calculation, the size of Kanban is approximately 3,551 units.Expected time between orders (Jangkaan masa antara pesanan):Expected time between orders can be calculated by dividing the total annual demand by the EOQ:Expected time between orders = Annual demand / EOQUsing the given values:Expected time between orders = 50,370 / 3,551≈ 14.17 days (rounded to two decimal places)Please note that these calculations are based on the assumptions and data provided. Adjustments may be necessary depending on specific circumstances or additional factors involved.
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You will deposit 16,343 at 10% compound interest for 6 years, and then move the amount you would receive to an investment account at 13% simple interest for another 3 years. How much money would you have at the end of the entire period?
Answer:
To calculate the total amount of money at the end of the entire period, we need to calculate the compound interest for the initial 6 years and then add the simple interest for the next 3 years.
Explanation:
To calculate the total amount of money at the end of the entire period, we need to calculate the compound interest for the initial 6 years and then add the simple interest for the next 3 years.
Compound Interest:
Principal (P) = $16,343
Rate of interest (R) = 10%
Time (T) = 6 years
Compound Interest Formula:
A = P * (1 + (R/100))^T
A = $16,343 * (1 + (10/100))^6
A = $16,343 * (1.10)^6
After calculating the compound interest for 6 years, we can then calculate the simple interest for the next 3 years.
Simple Interest:
Principal (P) = Amount received from the compound interest
Rate of interest (R) = 13%
Time (T) = 3 years
Simple Interest Formula:
I = (P * R * T) / 100
Finally, we can add the amount received from the compound interest to the simple interest to find the total amount at the end of the entire period.
Total Amount = Amount from Compound Interest + Simple Interest
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The total amount at the end of the entire period is found by calculating compound interest for the first 6 years and adding simple interest for the following 3 years. This approach considers the principal, rate of interest, and time to determine the final amount.
To calculate the total amount of money at the end of the entire period, we need to calculate the compound interest for the initial 6 years and then add the simple interest for the next 3 years.
Compound Interest:
Principal (P) = $16,343
Rate of interest (R) = 10%
Time (T) = 6 years
Compound Interest Formula:
A = P * (1 + (R/100))^T
A = $16,343 * (1 + (10/100))^6
A = $16,343 * (1.10)^6
After calculating the compound interest for 6 years, we can then calculate the simple interest for the next 3 years.
Simple Interest:
Principal (P) = Amount received from the compound interest
Rate of interest (R) = 13%
Time (T) = 3 years
Simple Interest Formula:
I = (P * R * T) / 100
Finally, we can add the amount received from the compound interest to the simple interest to find the total amount at the end of the entire period.
Total Amount = Amount from Compound Interest + Simple Interest
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Explain how the inflation measured according to the CPI and GDP
deflator may differ.
The inflation measured according to the CPI and GDP deflator may differ because the CPI is based on consumer goods and services, while the GDP deflator is based on all goods and services produced domestically.
The CPI (Consumer Price Index) is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services. It measures inflation by tracking the changes in prices of goods and services purchased by households over time, including housing, food, clothing, and transportation. The CPI measures price changes for a specific market basket of goods and services. The GDP deflator, on the other hand, is an index of the overall level of prices of goods and services in an economy. It is calculated by dividing the nominal GDP by the real GDP and multiplying it by 100.
The GDP deflator measures inflation by comparing the prices of all goods and services produced domestically, including exports and imports. It measures the difference between the nominal GDP and the real GDP. In general, the CPI is considered to be a better measure of inflation for households, while the GDP deflator is considered to be a better measure of inflation for the entire economy. The CPI provides information on the cost of living for consumers, while the GDP deflator provides information on the overall level of prices in the economy.
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[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.]
Cardinal Company is considering a five-year project that would require a $2,810,000 investment in equipment with a useful life of five years and no salvage value. The company’s discount rate is 16%. The project would provide net operating income in each of five years as follows:
Sales $ 2,847,000
Variable expenses 1,121,000
Contribution margin 1,726,000
Fixed expenses: Advertising, salaries, and other fixed out-of-pocket costs $ 782,000 Depreciation 562,000 Total fixed expenses 1,344,000
Net operating income $ 382,000
Click here to view Exhibit 12B-1 and Exhibit 12B-2, to determine the appropriate discount factor(s) using table.
Required:
1. Which item(s) in the income statement shown above will not affect cash flows? (You may select more than one answer. Single click the box with the question mark to produce a check mark for a correct answer and double click the box with the question mark to empty the box for a wrong answer. Any boxes left with a question mark will be automatically graded as incorrect.)
2. What are the project’s annual net cash inflows?
3. What is the present value of the project’s annual net cash inflows? (Round your final answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.)
4. What is the project’s net present value? (Round final answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.)
5. What is the profitability index for this project? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
6. What is the project’s internal rate of return?
7. What is the project’s payback period? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
8. What is the project’s simple rate of return for each of the five years? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
9. If the company’s discount rate was 18% instead of 16%, would you expect the project's net present value to be higher, lower, or the same? a) Higher b) Lower or c) Same
10. If the equipment had a salvage value of $300,000 at the end of five years, would you expect the project’s payback period to be higher, lower, or the same? a) Higher b) Lower or c) Same
11. If the equipment had a salvage value of $300,000 at the end of five years, would you expect the project's net present value to be higher, lower, or the same? a) Higher b) Lower or c) Same
12. If the equipment had a salvage value of $300,000 at the end of five years, would you expect the project’s simple rate of return to be higher, lower, or the same? a) Higher b) Lower or c) Same
13. Assume a postaudit showed that all estimates (including total sales) were exactly correct except for the variable expense ratio, which actually turned out to be 45%. What was the project’s actual net present value? (Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign. Round intermediate calculations and final answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.)
14. Assume a postaudit showed that all estimates (including total sales) were exactly correct except for the variable expense ratio, which actually turned out to be 45%. What was the project’s actual payback period? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
15. Assume a postaudit showed that all estimates (including total sales) were exactly correct except for the variable expense ratio, which actually turned out to be 45%. What was the project’s actual simple rate of return? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
1. Items in the income statement that do not affect cash flows are depreciation and net operating income. 2. The project's annual net cash inflows are $382,000. 3. The present value of the project's annual net cash inflows is approximately $189,988. 4. The project's net present value is -$2,620,012. 5. The profitability index for this project is 0.068. 6. The project's internal rate of return is approximately 6.79%. 7. The project's payback period is approximately 7.36 years. 8. The project's simple rate of return for each year is 13.61%. 9. If the discount rate was 18% instead of 16%, the project's net present value would be lower. 10. If the equipment had a salvage value of $300,000, the project's payback period would be lower. 11. If the equipment had a salvage value of $300,000, the project's net present value would be higher. 12. If the equipment had a salvage value of $300,000, the project's simple rate of return would be higher. 13. The project's actual net present value, with a 45% variable expense ratio, is approximately -$3,004,612. 14. The actual payback period, with a 45% variable expense ratio, is approximately 7.36 years. 15. The actual simple rate of return, with a 45% variable expense ratio, is 13.61% for each year.
1. The items in the income statement that will not affect cash flows are:
- Depreciation
- Net operating income
2. The project's annual net cash inflows are $382,000 for each year.
3. To calculate the present value of the project's annual net cash inflows, we need to determine the discount factor using the appropriate discount rate. The discount factor can be found in Exhibit 12B-1. For a discount rate of 16% and a five-year period, the discount factor is 0.49718. Multiplying the annual net cash inflows ($382,000) by the discount factor gives us $189,988 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount).
4. The project's net present value (NPV) is calculated by subtracting the initial investment from the present value of the project's net cash inflows. The initial investment is $2,810,000. Subtracting this from the present value of $189,988 gives us a net present value of -$2,620,012 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount).
5. The profitability index is calculated by dividing the present value of the project's net cash inflows by the initial investment. In this case, the profitability index is 0.068 (rounded to 2 decimal places).
6. The project's internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate at which the NPV is zero. By using trial and error or financial software, the IRR for this project is approximately 6.79% (rounded to 2 decimal places).
7. The project's payback period is the time it takes for the initial investment to be recovered. In this case, since the net cash inflow is constant at $382,000 per year, the payback period is calculated by dividing the initial investment by the net cash inflow. The payback period is approximately 7.36 years (rounded to 2 decimal places).
8. The project's simple rate of return for each of the five years can be calculated by dividing the net operating income by the initial investment. The simple rate of return for each year is as follows:
- Year 1: 13.61%
- Year 2: 13.61%
- Year 3: 13.61%
- Year 4: 13.61%
- Year 5: 13.61
9. If the company's discount rate was 18% instead of 16%, we would expect the project's net present value to be lower.
10. If the equipment had a salvage value of $300,000 at the end of five years, we would expect the project's payback period to be lower.
11. If the equipment had a salvage value of $300,000 at the end of five years, we would expect the project's net present value to be higher.
12. If the equipment had a salvage value of $300,000 at the end of five years, we would expect the project's simple rate of return to be higher.
13. To calculate the project's actual net present value with a variable expense ratio of 45%, we need to adjust the variable expenses. The variable expenses can be calculated by multiplying the sales by the variable expense ratio. In this case, the variable expenses would be $1,281,150 ($2,847,000 * 0.45). We can then recalculate the net operating income and the net cash inflows. The actual net present value is approximately -$3,004,612 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount).
14. The actual payback period can be calculated by dividing the initial investment by the actual net cash inflow of $
382,000 (assuming it remains constant). The actual payback period is approximately 7.36 years (rounded to 2 decimal places).
15. The actual simple rate of return can be calculated by dividing the actual net operating income by the initial investment. The actual simple rate of return is 13.61% for each of the five years.
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Consider a 5.00% coupon bond with a maturity date of 10/1/2028. If the bond is
purchased for settle on 10/12/2020 at a yield of 4.00%, it has a modified duration of
6.579. What is the current price? What is the expected price of the bond (due to
duration) if rates increase 100 basis points? What is the actual price change? Why are
they different?
The current price of a 5.00% coupon bond with a maturity date of 10/1/2028 can be calculated using the formula for the present value of a bond. The present value of a bond is the sum of the present values of its future cash flows.
To calculate the current price of the bond, we need to determine the present value of the bond's coupon payments and the present value of its face value (the principal).
The coupon payments can be calculated by multiplying the coupon rate (5.00%) by the face value of the bond. In this case, since the bond is purchased for settle on 10/12/2020, we need to calculate the present value of the coupon payments until the maturity date (10/1/2028). The yield of 4.00% is used to discount the cash flows.
Next, we calculate the present value of the face value by discounting it using the yield of 4.00% and the time to maturity.
Adding the present values of the coupon payments and the face value gives us the current price of the bond.
To calculate the expected price of the bond due to duration if rates increase 100 basis points (1.00%), we need to consider the modified duration of the bond. The modified duration measures the sensitivity of the bond's price to changes in interest rates.
To calculate the expected price change, we multiply the modified duration by the change in yield (in decimal form) and the current price of the bond. In this case, the change in yield is 1.00% (or 0.01).
The actual price change is the difference between the expected price change and the current price of the bond.
The current price of the bond, the expected price due to duration, and the actual price change are different because the expected price change due to duration assumes a parallel shift in the yield curve, while the actual price change takes into account the specific change in yield for this bond.
In summary:
1. Calculate the present value of the bond's coupon payments until the maturity date using the coupon rate, yield, and time to maturity.
2. Calculate the present value of the face value using the yield and time to maturity.
3. Add the present values of the coupon payments and the face value to get the current price of the bond.
4. Calculate the expected price change by multiplying the modified duration, the change in yield, and the current price of the bond.
5. The actual price change is the difference between the expected price change and the current price of the bond.
Please note that these calculations assume a simplified model and do not take into account factors such as reinvestment of coupon payments and changes in the bond's credit risk.
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1) Do you suggest Balance sheet or Going rate approach compensation system for Disneyland employees? Why? Write pros and cons of those systems. Your answer should be in the context of Disneyland case study. (1000 words)
Compensation system can be defined as a collection of policies and practices that a firm utilizes to administer and organize its pay program.
In general, there are two common approaches that organizations adopt when designing a compensation system. These approaches are the going rate approach and the balance sheet approach.
In this context, this essay will discuss which compensation approach is suitable for Disneyland employees.
Disneyland is a theme park that is located in Anaheim, California. The company has been operating since 1955. Disneyland’s main purpose is to provide the public with a recreational and entertainment venue that will offer high-quality services.
The company has employed around 31,000 employees from different regions. The majority of Disneyland's employees are hired on a seasonal basis and are not entitled to receive fringe benefits, such as health insurance or paid vacation.
It is important to note that Disneyland's employees are essential in ensuring that the company achieves its objectives and mission statement. As such, it is vital for Disneyland's management to adopt a compensation system that will motivate employees to provide high-quality services to the customers.The balance sheet approach and the going rate approach are the two most common approaches that a company can adopt in a compensation system. The balance sheet approach is a compensation system that aims to provide employees with a fair and equitable salary package. In this approach, the company looks at the employees' financial needs, such as housing, taxes, cost of living, etc. The company then adjusts the salary package to ensure that the employee is not worse off after moving to a new location or role. In general, the balance sheet approach is best suited for expatriates, who are employees that are moved from one country to another.On the other hand, the going rate approach is a compensation system that aims to provide employees with a competitive salary package that is in line with the industry's average. In this approach, the company looks at what other companies in the same industry and region are paying their employees for similar roles. The company then sets the salary package to ensure that it is competitive and attractive to prospective employees.In general, the going rate approach is best suited for employees that work in a particular industry and region.
Pros of Going Rate Approach Compensation System:
The following are the benefits of adopting the going rate approach compensation system:
1. Competitive salary packages: The going rate approach ensures that employees are paid competitive salaries. This approach is essential in attracting and retaining high-quality employees.
2. Easy to implement: The going rate approach is easy to implement, and it does not require a lot of resources or time.
3. Flexibility: The going rate approach is flexible, and it can be adjusted to meet changing industry trends.
4. Comparable to industry standards: The going rate approach ensures that the company is comparable to other companies in the same industry and region.
Cons of Going Rate Approach Compensation System:
The following are the drawbacks of adopting the going rate approach compensation system:
1. May not be fair: The going rate approach may not be fair to employees that work in regions that have a higher cost of living.
2. May not motivate employees: The going rate approach may not motivate employees that are not interested in the salary package.
3. May not consider other benefits: The going rate approach may not consider other benefits, such as health insurance or paid vacation.
In conclusion, Disneyland should adopt the going rate approach compensation system for its employees. This approach will ensure that the employees are motivated to provide high-quality services to the customers.
However, Disneyland's management should ensure that the salary package is adjusted to cater to the employees' financial needs and the cost of living in the region.
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Returns to education. We are interested in estimating the returns to education for working individuals in a small country in Africa. Our dataset contains 1734 working individuals. We estimate the model In (wage)=β 0 +β 1educ+β 2 exper +u where wage is the hourly wage, educ denotes years of education, and exper denotes years of tabor market experience, In this small African country, females have restricted access to education
Estimating the returns to education can offer important insights into the potential influence of education on pay levels and general economic development in this small African nation where female education access is limited.
We may examine the connection between education, work market experience, and wages using the model you provided, In (wage) = 0 + 1educ + 2exper + u. We can quantify the effect of education and work market experience on earnings while controlling for other factors by estimating the coefficients 1 and 2. The returns to education are represented by the coefficient 1, which shows the percentage change in salaries resulting from a further year of study. The value of investing in education is shown by a positive and statistically significant 1 coefficient, which would indicate that education favourably increases salaries. to increase earning capacity. However, it is important to take into account any biases and dataset constraints given the limited access to education that girls have in this nation. The results might not accurately represent the full potential benefits to education due to gender inequities and unequal chances. In order to address any gender-related difficulties and provide a more thorough understanding of the situation, it may be required to conduct extra analysis or use alternative approaches. It is crucial to interpret the results in the context of the nation's social and cultural dynamics.
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The current free cash flow to equity (FCFE) of a firm is $275. If the risk-free rate is 5.99%, the beta of the stock is 1.7 and the equity market risk premium is 6.83%, what is the current market value of equity of this stock if the FCFE is expected to grow at 1.91% in perpetuity? 2.5 pts Question 7 On 31 January 2017, you bought 200 shares of a company for $351.06 a share and on 31 January 2021 you sold them for $1,179.38 a share. In January 2021, you also received a cash dividend of $15.19 per share. Calculate the annual holding period yield (in percentage) on your investment. You are interested in buying one corporate bond and your broker has offered two corporate bonds for you to choose from: 1. Bond A: paying quarterly coupons, with a maturity date of 1 January 2025, an annual coupon rate of 12% and a bond flat price of $90.0 2. Bond B: paying quarterly coupons, with a maturity date of 1 January 2035, an annual coupon rate of 15% and a bond flat price of $100.0 If the settlement date of both bonds is 1 January 2022, which of these two bonds represents the best investment opportunity? Bond A O Both Bond A and Bond B as they are identical O Bond B The current income statement of a firm shows EBIT of $3,781 and depreciation of $711. If the tax rate is 24%, capital expenditures are $195, and the non-cash working capital has decreased by $665 since last year, what is the free cash flow to the firm (FCFF)?
To calculate the free cash flow to the firm (FCFF), we can use the following formula:
FCFF = EBIT * (1 - Tax Rate) + Depreciation - Capital Expenditures - Increase in Non-Cash Working Capital
Given:
- EBIT: $3,781
- Depreciation: $711
- Tax Rate: 24%
- Capital Expenditures: $195
- Decrease in Non-Cash Working Capital: $665
Calculating FCFF:
FCFF = $3,781 * (1 - 0.24) + $711 - $195 - (-$665)
FCFF = $2,873.44 + $711 - $195 + $665
FCFF = $4,054.44
Therefore, the free cash flow to the firm (FCFF) is $4,054.44.
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