For first round VCs, using DCF methodology to estimate IPO exit valuation of a portfolio firm, it must consider all expected cash flow estimates starting from the time of its investment.
Group of answer choices
True
False

if you write a check on your commercial bank account to purchase common stocks this is an example of money functioning as medium of exchange.

What is a commercial bank?

A commercial bank is a type of financial organization that offers its clients services including loans, CDs, savings accounts, overdraft protection, etc. These organizations generate revenue by making loans to people and collecting interest on those debts. Commercial banks' primary responsibility is to offer financial services to individuals and businesses in order to promote social and economic stability and long-term economic growth. The primary role of commercial banks in this regard is the production of credit.

Primary Functions of Commercial Bank

Accepting the Deposits.

Advancing the Loans.

Credit Creation.

A Cheque for paying the funds.

Paying and Collecting the Credit.

Purchasing and Selling of the Securities.

Bullion Trading.

Money Remittance.

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Building a business plan is not an easy task. It determines whether you have a very clear vision of your market, to recognize where you are going to set foot.

Market investigation in order to investigate your market, meaning your target as accurately as possible: age, socio-professional category, buying habits,  location, everything will be taken into account. The dimension of the market takes stock of the people who might be focused on your product or service, to be as precise as possible. To begin the best business plan also factor in the amount of time you'll need for research and development to create your product. Time is valuable, indeed. In your business plan, every piece of information counts.

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Overall, Russian-based IPs were the source of 24.77 percent of all spam volume worldwide. With 14.12% of the global spam email share, Germany was second.

Spams are generated to affect the digital system of the countries. different countries generate spam to hack the system or to steal the data of local people. According to Kaspersky, spam about the 2016 Olympic Games in Brazil was very common: "Fraudulent notifications of lottery winnings linked to this popular athletic event were being detected already in 2015."

Although spam emails are down, Kaspersky warns that hazardous and fraudulent messages will rise, with mobile devices predicted to become "yet another weapon in the arsenal of hackers."

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Economy books are printed in black and white and include pictures only in chapter openings  is $4.25 per book

Deluxe= $4.25 per book

Moderate= $4.25 per book

Economy= $4.25 per book

Activity (Cost) Cost Driver Delux Moderate Economy

Machine maintenance ($330,000)

machine hours 250 750 1,000

Setups ($630,000)

Packing ($166,000)

Photo development ($574,000)

First, we need to calculate the total overhead cost:

Total overhead= 330,000 + 630,000 + 166,000 + 574,000= 1,700,000

Now, we can calculate the estimated manufacturing overhead rate to allocate overhead to each book type.

The allocation base is machine-hours.

Estimated manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base

Estimated manufacturing overhead rate= 1,700,000/ 2,000= $850 per machine hour.

Now, we can allocate overhead to each book:

Allocated MOH= Estimated manufacturing overhead rate* Actual amount of allocation base

Deluxe= $850*250hours= $212,500

Moderate= $850*750hours= $637,500

Economy= $850*1,000= $850,000

Based on the number of units, we can calculate the unitary overhead:

Deluxe= $212,500/50,000= $4.25 per book

Moderate= $637,500/150,000= $4.25 per book

Economy= $850,000/200,000= $4.25 per book

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Depending on how well they performed financially, employees of a media organization receive financial incentives at the conclusion of the fiscal year. This is a strategy for tying pay to performance metrics.

Performance reviews are helpful in evaluating employee compensation packages. Depending on how well an individual performs, their compensation package may include bonuses, increased hourly rates, additional benefits, and allowances.

One of the best ways to encourage your workers to produce their best work and the behavior you want to see in them is to link performance to reward. Sales-based occupations in particular are frequently compensated using performance-based strategies.

When pay for performance is in place, poor performers may leave the company more frequently, but over time turnover dramatically decreases as pay rises and employee engagement rises. After the approach has been fully adopted, we usually notice a 50% decrease in turnover or more.

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The amount by which government spending exceeds government revenues is called the , and the accumulation of past government borrowing is called the Government debt.

What happens when the quantity of government spending surpasses the amount of revenue?

A government has a budget deficit when its spending on goods, services, or transfer payments exceeds its tax receipts. Governments borrow money to cover budget shortfalls, and each time they do so, the national debt.

Fiscal deficit is the word used to describe the gap between the government's total revenue and total outlays. It serves as a gauge for the total amount of borrowings the government will require.

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$45,000 in total payroll owed to employees on May 1 describes unearned revenues. Therefore option B is correct.

Unearned income is money received by a person or business for a good or service that hasn't yet been rendered or supplied. It can be viewed as a "prepayment" for products or services that an individual or business expects to provide to the buyer at a later time.

This prepayment entails a liability on the part of the seller up until the good or service is delivered equal to the revenue earned. Since it is anticipated to be paid off within a year, this liability is listed under current liabilities.

Businesses that provide subscription-based goods or other services that demand upfront payments are the most likely to generate unearned income. Prepaid insurance, retainers for attorneys, airline tickets, prepayments for newspaper subscriptions, and annual prepayments for the usage of software are some traditional examples.

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According to the concept of bounded​ rationality, managers make decisions​ rationally, but are limited by their ability to process information.

Bounded rationality. is the concept that once people make decisions, their rationality is restricted through the records they have, the cognitive barriers in their minds, and the time to be had to make the selection.

In selection making, rationality of people is restricted through the records they have, the cognitive barriers in their mind, and the finite quantity of time they need to make a selection.  Bounded rationality prevails whilst a hard and fast of barriers or constraints complicate the rational selection making process.

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The political economy perspective is mostly concerned with identifying how power relationships and economic systems produce environmental and social conditions.

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The theory of portfolio choice indicates that higher interest rates make money falls desirable, and the demand for real money balances.

These theories stress that individuals hold cash as a part of their portfolio of assets and predict that the demand for cash depends on the comeback and risk offered by cash and by different assets that individuals will hold rather than cash. The portfolio demand for cash will increase with wealth and portfolio risk and reduces with enhanced portfolio returns, lower risk, or lower chance prices. In different words, the portfolio demand for cash is influenced by identical factors that influence the demand for bonds.

Modern portfolio theory could be a technique for portfolio management to cut back risk, that traces its origins to a 1952 paper by laurels winner Harry Markowitz. the idea states that, given a desired level of risk, capitalists will optimize the expected returns of a portfolio through diversification.

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The theory of portfolio choice indicates that higher interest rates make money less desirable, and the demand for real money balances decreases.

According to the theory of portfolio choice, individuals allocate their wealth across different assets, including money and non-monetary assets such as stocks, bonds, and real estate, to maximize their utility or satisfaction. When interest rates are higher, the opportunity cost of holding money increases. This means that individuals can potentially earn higher returns by investing their money in interest-bearing assets instead of holding it as cash.

As a result, higher interest rates typically reduce the relative attractiveness of money compared to other assets. People tend to shift their portfolio towards investments that offer higher returns, such as bonds or stocks, rather than holding money. Consequently, the demand for real money balances, which refers to the desire to hold money for transactional purposes or precautionary savings, tends to decrease when interest rates rise.

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Employers will expect the same amount of labor that is supplied pay at equilibrium.

In order for prices to stay stable, market supply and demand must be in balance. Equilibrium exists in this condition.

Market conditions for coffee are predictable. The supply or demand curves must be adjusted before prices will typically change. Any market's equilibrium price is the one at which the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied are equal. This leads to the market equilibrium price of $6 per pound of coffee.

A market needs to be in equilibrium in order to be both efficient and balanced. The amount supplied and the quantity required are balanced when a market is at its equilibrium price and quantity, therefore there is no need for it to move away from that location.

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In the given scenarios 2,5 and 3 shows Economic Myopia while 1 and 4 are Not Economic Myopia.

Policy myopia is while government policy interventions are trying to find to address quick-term problems in place of longer-time period answers. this may be a cause of presidency failure.

Economic Myopia

2. Gus and Betty take out loan, which will take ten years to pay back, to pay for a three day cruise.

5.Charlie's GDP is rock-bottom because he goes out with his friends every night instead of studying

3. Even though his employer will match any retirement contribution of at 7% of his gross income, up to 10%, David sets aside only 5% of his income in his retirement account

Not Economic Myopia

1. When his father retires, John decides to quit his current job and return to his home town to run the family business.

4. Ned, who goes camping every weekend he can, decides to buy SUV that is more expensive than the sedan he was also considering.

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Disclaimer:- your question is incomplete, please see below for the comlete question.

Determine if each of the given scenarios is, or is not, the result of economic myopia.

Economic myopia        Not economic myopia

Answer Bank

1. When his father retires, John decides to quit his current job and return to his home town to run the family business.

2. Gus and Betty take out a loan, which will take ten years to pay back, to pay for a three-day cruise.

3. Even though his employer will match any retirement contribution of at least 7 of his gross income, up to 10% David set aside only 5% of his income in his retirement account.

4. Ned, who goes camping every weekend he can. decides to buy an SUV that is more expensive than the sedan he was also considering,

5. Charlie's GPA is rock-bottom because he goes out with his friends every night instead of studying.

A budget may give you a sense of financial control and make it simpler for you to save money for your objectives. Finding a financial tracking system that works for you is the challenge. You may make a budget with the aid of the next stages.

Step 1: Determine your net income

Step 2: Track your spending

Step 3: Make sensible objectives

Step 4: Create a plan

Step 5: Modify your expenditures to be within your means

Step 6: Consistently review your budget

Along with monetary government benefits, it also includes earnings from jobs, private pensions, and investments. Gives you financial control. Helps you stay focused on your financial objectives. Keeps you vigilant about your expenditures. Makes it simpler to maintain awareness of your bills and savings.

A budget is a strategy that outlines how much cash you can spend each month. You may ensure that you do not run out of money each month by creating a budget. You can save money with the aid of a budget for emergencies or for your goals.

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The  3 possible benefits gained by a country that trades are :

International trade allows countries to expand their markets and gain access to goods and services that were previously unavailable domestically. International trade has made the market more competitive. This ultimately leads to more competitive pricing and consumers get cheaper products.

Simply put, more trade means more jobs, more income, better products, less inflation, and cooperation rather than conflict. The tide for economic development and peace among nations will intensify.

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The number of customers waiting for gift-wrap service at a department store

(a) 0.0416 (b) 0.0012

(a) We can separate the probabilities of the two events in a multiplication of probabilities:

P(X=3,Y=3) = P(X=3)*P(Y=3)

*It is assumed there is no correlation between the number of clients waiting and the number of packages they want to wrap.

There is only one combination possible of packages between the clients, because they all have to have at least one package to wrap.

P(X=3,Y=3) = P(X=3)*P(Y=3)

P(X=3,Y=3) = P(X=3)*P(Y1=1,Y2=1,Y3=1) = 0.25*(0.55*0.55*0.55) = 0.0416

(b) To have 11 packages distributed in 4 customers , one needs to have 2 packages to wrap and the others 3 packages. There is 4 permutations of this, all with the same probability of ocurrence.

P(X=4,Y=11) = P(X=4) * P(Y1=3;Y2=3;Y3=3;Y4=2)*4

P(X=4,Y=11) = 0.15*(0.2*0.2*0.2*0.25)*4=0.0012

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Three basic corporate strategies to creating value and achieving market stature are operational excellence, product leadership, and customer intimacy. Joe's company prides itself on efficient production and delivery of products, in addition to offering low prices and convenience to its customers.

What are the corporate strategies?

A corporate strategy is a long-term plan with specific objectives for a business. Although each goal's objective may vary, the main aim of a corporate strategy is to advance the business. The corporate strategy of a corporation could be to prioritize sales, expansion, or leadership.

Corporate strategy is to generate higher sustained economic rents from a group of companies than those companies would otherwise produce on their own or when controlled directly by a group of shareholders.

Cost, quality, distribution, technology, and intellectual property are the only five corporate tactics (IP). These five concepts, or a mixture of them, form the basis of all corporate strategy.

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The required answer is $198,080.

By assigning overhead costs to specific activities, the activity-based costing (ABC) methodology allows for more exact overhead cost allocation. The costs can then be allocated to the cost objects that make use of the activities once they have been assigned to costs.

The technique can be used to reduce overhead costs specifically. ABC performs best in situations that are complex, have a wide variety of items and machines, and have convoluted processes that are challenging to understand. In contrast, it is less useful in a streamlined setting with condensed production processes that make it simple to assign costs.

In the given question,

                               Wages and Salaries = $216,000

                               Depreciation = $112,000

                               Utilities = $112,000

                               Wages and salaries = 0.58, 30%  10%,

                               Depreciation = 0.37 45% 20%

                               Utilities = 0.28 40% 30%

Now,

      Total cost that would be allocated to the Assembly activity cost pool

        = 0.58*216,000 +0.37*112,000 + 0.28*112,000 = $198,080

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The Federal Government policy that influences the business cycle fluctuations by taking action on taxes, spending, and borrowing is Fiscal Policy.

Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and tax policies to impact economic conditions, primarily macroeconomic conditions. These comprise aggregate demand for goods and services, employment, inflation, and economic development.

Fiscal policy is often discerned with monetary policy, which is enacted by central bankers and not elected government officials. This is mainly based on ideas from British economist John Maynard Keynes.

U.S. fiscal policy is largely based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes. His theories were formulated in response to the Great Depression.

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Permanent declines in inflation such as those seen in Chile and Sweden must have been a result is a decrease in the central bank's inflation target.

Inflation is the rate of price growth over a predetermined period of time. Inflation is sometimes quantified in generic terms, such as the general increase in prices or the increase in the cost of living across a country.

Inflation is the term used to describe a steady increase in the average cost of goods and services. For instance, milk costs 50 rupees per litre in 2021 compared to 45 rupees per liter in 2020. Inflation rate is therefore equal to 10% (50 - 45 x 100).

John Taylor, a Stanford economist, claims that when the Federal Reserve sets an interest rate that is too low or when the growth of the money supply is too rapid, inflation increases. low or when the growth of the money supply is too rapid, as it is at the moment.

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The answer of the question is the total cost for repair is $500 and the total value if used machine is bought $400.

value at c1  = 0.3 * 0 + 0.7 * 500

                  = 350

hence the total cost for repair = $150 + $350

                                                 = $500

value at c3 = = 0.3 * 0 + 0.7 * 500

                  = 350

hence total cost relevant for d2 for repair = = $150 + $350

                                                 = $500

both values are same hence either repair or buying can be done at d2 node.

value at c2 = 0.6 * 0 + 0.4 * 500

                   = $200

hence the total value if used machine is bought $400

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a. The net proceeds to Global Geotell from the $150 million equity issue is $139,275,000

b. If the price per share of the common stock equals $25 at the time of issue, then the total number of shares is 6 million

c. There are 6 million shares of stock must be issued if Global Geotell actually needs $150 million for its research and development.

Stock:

The stock is the general term used to describe the ownership certificates of any company

Given,

Global Geotell just hired InvestPro, a local investment banker, to help it issue common stock. The proceeds of the stock offering will be used for research and development of a new satellite tracking system for the US Navy. The market value of the issue equals $150 million, direct costs incurred by Global Geotell will amount to $225,000 and InVestPro charges a 7 percent fee for it's services.

The net proceeeds to Global Geotell is calculated as,

=>  $150 million - (0.07*$150 million) - $225,000 = $139,275,000

If the price per share of the common stock equals $25 at the time of issue, then the number of shares for $150 million is,

=> 150 million / 25

=> 6 million.

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Your loan's current outstanding amount is subject to monthly interest calculations at a rate that is 1/12 of the yearly rate.

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Four kinds of organizational change that can be promoted with information technology are Automation, Rationalization, Business process redesign, Paradigm shift.

Numerous factors can cause organizational changes. Examples include disruptive technologies, changing market dynamics, and the drive to boost quality, productivity, or profit. Different types of organizational change exist.

An example would be a multi-year project to redesign the organizational structure, establish new job descriptions for staff members, and open up new channels of communication between and within departments.

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Monopoly profit will lower when a monopolist goes from single-price monopoly to perfect price discrimination.

Results of best fee discrimination: extra can be produced than a single-fee monopolist (Qp=MC at the graph below) a few purchasers pay better fees than they could if there has been no fee discrimination (Pm), however different purchasers pay decrease fees.

First-diploma discrimination, or best fee discrimination, happens when a enterprise costs the most viable fee for every unit consumed. Because fees range amongst units, the corporation captures all to be had purchaser surplus for itself or the financial surplus.

A discriminating monopoly is a monopoly corporation that costs extraordinary fees to extraordinary segments of its purchaser base. An on-line store may also fee better fees to consumers in rich ZIP codes and decrease fees to the ones in poorer regions.Price discrimination normally allows growth the monopoly corporation's income by maximizing its general revenue. A monopolist costs a few clients better fees in place of a uniform charge for all consumers.

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The introduction phase of the product life cycle that is true, it is about sales growth tends to be slow, that is, option A

The statement is projected in the first stage of product development, development refers to the moment when a new product is launched on the market for the first time, before there is a proven demand for it and/ or before it has been delivered completely technically in all respects.

According to Levitt's product life cycle analysis, this is the stage where sales are low and progress slowly. There are four stages that are called as follows:

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When antibiotics are present, microbes respond by consciously creating resistance mechanisms. Antibiotic resistance develops when an antibiotic is overused. Antibiotics can cause mutations. Like other mutagenic substances, they result in  mutations.

A particular class of antimicrobial agent that works against bacteria is an antibiotic. Antibiotic drugs are frequently employed in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections because they are the most effective type of antibacterial agent for doing so. Bacteria may be killed or have their growth suppressed. Antibiotics are chemicals created by a living thing that prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi, which are two types of microorganisms that can cause disease. Some instances of antibiotics Penicillin. Streptomycin. The spectrum of activity of antibiotics—specifically, whether they are narrow-, broad-, or extended-spectrum agents—can be used to classify them. Gram-positive bacteria are largely affected by narrow-spectrum medications like penicillin G.

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Retailers can close a communication gap and improve the quality of customer service by being more realistic about the services they can provide.

There are a number of measures and techniques that can be used to provide a quality service. Ideally, at all stages of the sales process, attention should be paid to the consumer's needs, in addition to an adequate professional who is willing to listen to him and provide him with the best solution.

Therefore, by being honest and realistic with the consumer, the organization can positively change its image to a more reliable company, generating value and consumer loyalty.

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A tariff is a sort of tax that a nation imposes at the border on an imported commodity. In the past, governments have used tariffs to raise money, but they have also used them to attempt to safeguard domestic manufacturers.

The following are some benefits of levying tariffs:

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Bond generate income for investors by bonds are fixed income securities and the investor lends a sum of money (capital) to a company or government for a certain period and receives a series of interest payments (yield) in return.

An investor is a person or other entity (such as a company or investment fund) that invests capital in the hope of receiving a financial return. Investors rely on a variety of financial instruments to generate income and achieve important financial goals, such as building retirement savings, financing a college education, or simply accumulating additional wealth over time.

There are many different investment vehicles  to achieve these goals, including but not limited to stocks, bonds, commodities, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), options, futures, currencies, gold, silver, pension plans and real. farm Investors can analyze opportunities from different perspectives and generally prefer to minimize risk and maximize returns. Investors typically earn income by investing capital in either equity or debt investments.

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Total Revenue from selling camera A at price and camera B at is First.

Given data :

The table with two independent variables and one dependent variable is referred to as a two-way table. The steps below may be used to draw this table:

Write data starting at 250, such as 250, 260, 270, or 280, up to 500 in a row.

Step 2: Enter data in a column with a 10-point gap, ranging from 250 to 500.

Step 3: Finish the table by using the formula "=(165-0.6*(PA)+0.45*(PB))*PA" to get the total revenue in each cell. PA should be the number in the column corresponding to this cell, and PB should be the value in the row corresponding to that cell.

Step 4: The value of each combination of PA and PB is displayed in the table.

When PA is 330 and PB is 500, the table's analysis reveals that the highest value of total revenue is attained.

As a result, the ideal PA and PB value is:

PA=330

PB=500

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