Both Jane Doe and Jack Fawn will be subject to taxation in Canada based on their residency status and income sources.
Both Jane Doe and Jack Fawn will be subject to taxation in Canada. Jane Doe, as a deemed resident of Canada, will be taxed on her worldwide income for the entire year. Jack Fawn, as a part-year resident, will be taxed on his Canadian-source income for the period he was a resident. Any income earned after his departure from Canada will not be subject to Canadian taxation. The taxation of individuals in Canada is based on the concept of residency. If an individual is deemed to be a resident, they are subject to Canadian tax on their worldwide income.
In Jane Doe's case, since she spent 183 days or more in Canada, she is considered a resident and will be taxed on her global income for the entire year. On the other hand, Jack Fawn, who was a resident for the first 210 days and then permanently departed, will only be taxed on his Canadian-source income for the period he was a resident. Any income he earns after leaving Canada will not be subject to Canadian taxation. It's important to note that tax residency rules may vary based on specific circumstances and applicable tax laws.
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Wolf Computer exchanged a machine with a book value of $40,000 and a fair value of $45,000 for a very similar machine. In addition, Wolf paid $6,000 as part of the exchange. Wolf should recognize:
Multiple Choice
A gain of $11,000.
A loss of $1,000.
A gain of $5,000.
When Wolf Computer exchanged a machine with a book value of $40,000 and a fair value of $45,000 for a very similar machine and paid $6,000 as part of the exchange, they should recognize a gain of $5,000. Let's explain it in detail.
In a machine exchange transaction, the company should determine a gain or loss by comparing the book value of the machine given up with the fair value of the machine received, plus any cash paid or received.
The book value of a machine is the value shown on the company's books as the asset's cost minus the accumulated depreciation. On the other hand, fair value is the amount at which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable, willing parties. It is determined by considering all available information.In the given question, the machine Wolf Computer exchanged had a book value of $40,000 and a fair value of $45,000.
Book value of the machine given up= $51,000 - $40,000= $11,000Hence, the gain is $11,000, which means Wolf Computer should recognize a gain of $5,000 ($11,000 - $6,000). Therefore, the correct option is A gain of $5,000.
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Problem statement - Supply Chain Coordination Part I
S-Mart is a local convenience store (retailer), which manages an inventory of a SKU for resell to customers. S-Mart faces a constant demand for the SKU (i.e., demand rate is "horizontal" and not random) with the annual total demand being 25,000 units, and orders from a local supplier for resupplies.
S-Mart uses the EOQ model to manage its inventory. It costs $60 ordering cost for S-Mart to place an order. The supplier charges S-Mart $50 for each unit of supply. S-Mart’s inventory holding cost per unit, per year is 35% of the cost of purchase from the supplier. (Let's assume all assumptions for the EOQ model are satisfied.)
For every order received from S-Mart, the supplier executes one production run to fully and instantly meet the order's requirement. The supplier’s setup cost for each production run is $180. The supplier delivers the order to S-Mart immediately after production, so the supplier holds no inventory.
Answer the following questions:
a. The EOQ that is optimal for the entire supply chain (i.e., both firms together) =
(Please round your answer to the whole number.)
b. If S-Mart agrees to exercise the EOQ above in the next year, then S-Mart’s (retailer) total annual costs for inventory holding and ordering =
(Please round your answer to retain one decimal place.)
c. If S-Mart agrees to exercise the EOQ above in the next year, then the supplier’s total annual costs for production setups =
S-Mart, a local convenience store, uses the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model to manage its inventory. The demand for the SKU is constant, with an annual total demand of 25,000 units.
S-Mart incurs an ordering cost of $60 and a unit cost of $50 from the supplier. The inventory holding cost per unit per year is 35% of the unit cost. The supplier incurs a setup cost of $180 for each production run. The goal is to determine the optimal EOQ for the entire supply chain and calculate the total annual costs for S-Mart and the supplier.
a. To find the EOQ that is optimal for the entire supply chain, we can use the EOQ formula: EOQ = sqrt((2 * D * S) / H), where D is the annual demand, S is the setup cost per order, and H is the holding cost per unit per year. Plugging in the given values: D = 25,000, S = $60, H = 0.35 * $50, we can calculate the EOQ. Once we have the EOQ value, we round it to the nearest whole number.
b. To calculate S-Mart's total annual costs for inventory holding and ordering, we need to consider both the ordering cost and the inventory holding cost. The total annual ordering cost is given by (D / EOQ) * S, and the total annual holding cost is (EOQ / 2) * H. Summing these two costs will give us the total annual costs for S-Mart.
c. The supplier's total annual costs for production setups can be calculated by multiplying the number of setups per year by the setup cost. Since the supplier executes one production run for each order received from S-Mart, the number of setups per year is equal to the number of orders placed by S-Mart, which is D / EOQ. Multiplying this by the setup cost per production run will give us the supplier's total annual costs for production setups.
By calculating these values, we can determine the optimal EOQ for the supply chain, as well as the total annual costs for S-Mart and the supplier, considering the given cost parameters and assumptions of the EOQ model.
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do software companies need application lifecycle management tools
Yes, software companies can greatly benefit from using Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) tools. ALM tools provide a comprehensive set of functionalities and processes to manage the entire lifecycle of software development.
ALM tools offer numerous advantages for software companies. Firstly, they provide a centralized platform for managing all aspects of software development, including requirements management, version control, testing, bug tracking, and release management. This helps improve collaboration, efficiency, and overall productivity within development teams.
ALM tools also facilitate the tracking and management of software development projects, allowing teams to monitor progress, allocate resources effectively, and identify and address potential bottlenecks or issues. They help ensure that projects stay on schedule and within budget.
Furthermore, ALM tools enable better visibility and traceability throughout the software development process. They provide documentation and audit trails, making it easier to comply with industry regulations and quality standards. Additionally, ALM tools often integrate with other software development tools and systems, such as code repositories, build servers, and issue trackers, creating a seamless and integrated development environment.
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Assuming a linear demand curve, lower prices would result in:
Group of answer choices
an increase in demand.
less price elastic demand.
more price elastic demand.
none of these
C) Assuming a linear demand curve, lower prices would result in more price elastic demand.
Explanation: Price elasticity of demand is the measure of the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good or service to a change in its price.
The price elasticity of demand is positive but less than 1 when demand is price inelastic.
The price elasticity of demand is greater than 1 when demand is price elastic, and it is equal to 1 when demand is unit elastic.
A linear demand curve is one in which the price and quantity demanded are inversely related; in other words, the price of a good or service increases as the quantity demanded decreases and vice versa.
A linear demand curve may be price inelastic, price elastic, or unit elastic depending on the slope of the line.
Assuming a linear demand curve, lower prices would result in more price elastic demand because price elasticity of demand is greater than 1 when demand is price elastic.
When prices are lowered, consumers are more responsive to the price change and demand more of the good or service. Hence answer C) is correct.
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List 3 strengths, 3 weaknesses, 3 threats and 3 opportunities for
expansion of supermarket.
1-Established Brand and Reputation: The supermarket has built a strong brand and reputation in the local market, which can attract customer loyalty and trust.
2-Wide Product Range: The supermarket offers a diverse range of products, including groceries, fresh produce, household items, and more, catering to the varied needs of customers.
Convenient Location: The supermarket is strategically located in a densely populated area with easy accessibility, making it convenient for customers to shop.
Weaknesses:
Limited Online Presence: The supermarket may have a weak online presence or limited e-commerce capabilities, which could hinder its ability to tap into the growing online shopping trend.
Inefficient Inventory Management: There might be issues with inventory management, leading to stockouts or overstocking, resulting in potential customer dissatisfaction or increased operational costs.
Lack of Differentiation: The supermarket may face competition from other similar retailers that offer similar products, without any unique selling propositions to set it apart from the competition.
Threats:
Intense Competition: The supermarket may face fierce competition from other local supermarkets, grocery chains, and online retailers, which could impact market share and profitability.
Changing Consumer Preferences: Shifting consumer preferences, such as a preference for organic or healthier products, can pose a threat if the supermarket fails to adapt and meet these evolving demands.
Economic Factors: Economic fluctuations, such as recessions or inflation, can impact consumer spending habits, leading to reduced sales and lower customer loyalty.
Opportunities:
Online Expansion: Investing in e-commerce capabilities and developing a robust online presence can open up new channels for reaching customers and tapping into the growing trend of online shopping.
Expansion into New Locations: Exploring opportunities to expand into new geographical areas, either through opening new branches or acquiring existing supermarkets, can help increase market reach and capture a larger customer base.
Diversification of Product Offerings: Introducing new product lines or focusing on niche markets, such as organic or specialty products, can attract new customer segments and increase sales potential.
These are just some examples of strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities that a supermarket may face. It's important to conduct a thorough analysis based on the specific context and market conditions to identify the most relevant factors for the expansion of a particular supermarket.
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1-Established Brand and Reputation: The supermarket has built a strong brand and reputation in the local market, which can attract customer loyalty and trust.
2-Wide Product Range: The supermarket offers a diverse range of products, including groceries, fresh produce, household items, and more, catering to the varied needs of customers.
Convenient Location: The supermarket is strategically located in a densely populated area with easy accessibility, making it convenient for customers to shop.
Weaknesses:
Limited Online Presence: The supermarket may have a weak online presence or limited e-commerce capabilities, which could hinder its ability to tap into the growing online shopping trend.
Inefficient Inventory Management: There might be issues with inventory management, leading to stockouts or overstocking, resulting in potential customer dissatisfaction or increased operational costs.
Lack of Differentiation: The supermarket may face competition from other similar retailers that offer similar products, without any unique selling propositions to set it apart from the competition.
Threats:
Intense Competition: The supermarket may face fierce competition from other local supermarkets, grocery chains, and online retailers, which could impact market share and profitability.
Changing Consumer Preferences: Shifting consumer preferences, such as a preference for organic or healthier products, can pose a threat if the supermarket fails to adapt and meet these evolving demands.
Economic Factors: Economic fluctuations, such as recessions or inflation, can impact consumer spending habits, leading to reduced sales and lower customer loyalty.
Opportunities:
Online Expansion: Investing in e-commerce capabilities and developing a robust online presence can open up new channels for reaching customers and tapping into the growing trend of online shopping.
Expansion into New Locations: Exploring opportunities to expand into new geographical areas, either through opening new branches or acquiring existing supermarkets, can help increase market reach and capture a larger customer base.
Diversification of Product Offerings: Introducing new product lines or focusing on niche markets, such as organic or specialty products, can attract new customer segments and increase sales potential.
These are just some examples of strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities that a supermarket may face. It's important to conduct a thorough analysis based on the specific context and market conditions to identify the most relevant factors for the expansion of a particular supermarket.
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Hijrah Mart engaged in the following transactions in April 2022:
April 7
Sold merchandise on credit to En. Amin, terms 2/10, n/30, FOB shipping point, RM3,000 (cost RM1,800)
8
Purchased merchandise on credit from Borong Jaya, terms 2/10, n/30, FOB shipping point, RM6,000.
9
Paid Borong Jaya for shipping charges on merchandise purchased on 8 April, RM254.
10
Purchased merchandise on credit from Nusa Asia, terms 2/10, n/30, FOB shipping point, RM9,600, including RM600 freight costs paid by Nusa Asia.
11
Sold merchandise on credit to Koperasi Jitra, terms 2/10, ; n/30, FOB shipping point, RM2,400 (cost RM1,440).
11
Returned RM600 of the merchandise received from Borong Jaya on 8 April.
13
Received cheque from En. Amin for his purchase on 7 April.
15
Sold merchandise for cash, RM1,800 (cost RM1,080).
17
Paid Nusa Asia for purchase of 10 April.
18
Paid Borong Jaya the balance from the transactions of 8 April and 11 April.
20
Accepted from Koperasi Jitra a return of merchandise, which was put back in inventory, RM200 (cost RM120).
REQUIRED:
Prepare journal entries to record the transactions. Hijrah Mart uses the perpetual inventory syste
Journal entries for the transactions that happened in April 2022 are as follows:DateParticularsDebit CreditApril 7 Accounts Receivable – En Amin 3,000 Sales 3,000 Cost of Goods Sold 1,800 Merchandise Inventory 1,800
On April 7, the company sold merchandise on credit to En. Amin for RM3,000 (Cost RM1,800). Therefore, the Accounts Receivable Account is debited for RM3,000, while the Sales Account is credited for RM3,000. The Cost of Goods Sold Account is debited for RM1,800, while the Merchandise Inventory Account is credited for RM1,800.April 8 Merchandise Inventory 6,000 Accounts Payable – Borong Jaya 6,000
On April 8, the company purchased merchandise on credit from Borong Jaya for RM6,000. Therefore, the Merchandise Inventory Account is debited for RM6,000, while the Accounts Payable – Borong Jaya Account is credited for RM6,000.April 9 Freight-Out 254 Cash 254
On April 9, the company paid Borong Jaya for the shipping charges of the merchandise purchased on April 8. Therefore, the Freight-Out Account is debited for RM254, while the Cash Account is credited for RM254.April 10 Merchandise Inventory 9,000 Accounts Payable – Nusa Asia 9,000
On April 10, the company purchased merchandise on credit from Nusa Asia for RM9,600, including RM600 freight costs paid by Nusa Asia. Therefore, the Merchandise Inventory Account is debited for RM9,000, while the Accounts Payable – Nusa Asia Account is credited for RM9,000.April 11 Accounts Receivable – Koperasi Jitra 2,400 Sales 2,400 Cost of Goods Sold 1,440 Merchandise Inventory 1,440.
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Econ 41: Data Analysis & Econometrics : OLS Assumptions and validity Part I Using data about wage and education, we find the following results Figure 1: Table 1: Wage and Log wage Dependent variable: wage lwage (2) (1) educ 60.214*** 0.060*** (6.157) (0.006) Constant 5.973*** 146.952* (80.270) (0.082) 935 935 0.097 Observations R2 Adjusted R2 Residual std. Error (df = 933) F Statistic (df = 1; 933) 0.107 0.106 0.096 382.320 0.400 111.793*** 100.700*** Note: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01 where lwage is the log of wage, educ is expressed in years of education and wage is the wage per week. 1. interpret the magnitude and significance of education in the model 1. [1pt] 2. interpret the magnitude and significance of education in the model 2. [1pt] 3. Can you compare the Rº to establish which model is preferable? Why? [1pt]
1. The magnitude of education in the model can be interpreted as a 0.060*** increase in wages per week for each year of education.
2. The magnitude of education in the model can be interpreted as a 60.214*** increase in wages per week.
3. Model 1 is preferable because it explains a slightly larger proportion of the variance in wages than Model 2.
Explanation:
1. The magnitude of education in the model can be interpreted as a 0.060*** increase in wages per week for each year of education. The significance of education in the model can be interpreted as having a p-value less than 0.01, indicating that the relationship between education and wages is statistically significant.
2. The magnitude of education in the model can be interpreted as a 60.214*** increase in wages per week. However, this interpretation is not meaningful because the dependent variable is the log of wage. Therefore, we must interpret the magnitude as the percent change in wages per week for a one-year increase in education. Specifically, a one-year increase in education is associated with a 6.0% increase in wages per week. The significance of education in the model can be interpreted as having a p-value less than 0.01, indicating that the relationship between education and log wages is statistically significant.
3. R-squared is a statistical measure that represents the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variables in the model. In this case, Model 1 has an R-squared value of 0.107, while Model 2 has an R-squared value of 0.096. Therefore, Model 1 is preferable because it explains a slightly larger proportion of the variance in wages than Model 2.
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Which of the following are likely advantages of employee share purchase plans for employees? (Select all that apply.) A discount on the purchase price of the shares. The absence of brokerage fees to purchase the shares. Shares that promise special privileges.
The likely advantages of employee share purchase plans for employees are a discount on the purchase price of the shares and the absence of brokerage fees.
Employee share purchase plans offer several advantages for employees. One significant advantage is the discount on the purchase price of the shares. These plans often allow employees to buy company shares at a discounted price compared to the market value.
This discount can range from a certain percentage off the market price to a fixed discounted price per share. By purchasing shares at a lower cost, employees can potentially benefit from immediate financial gains if the share price increases in the future.
Another advantage of employee share purchase plans is the absence of brokerage fees. When employees participate in these plans, they can typically purchase shares directly from the company without incurring any brokerage fees.
This eliminates the cost associated with using a brokerage firm to facilitate the share purchase. As a result, employees can maximize their investment by saving on transaction costs and increasing the overall value of their shareholdings.
It's worth noting that shares that promise special privileges are not typically associated with employee share purchase plans. These plans primarily focus on providing financial benefits through discounted share prices and reduced transaction fees.
Special privileges or benefits are more commonly seen in other types of equity-based compensation programs such as stock options or restricted stock units.
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The likely advantages of employee share purchase plans for employees include a discount on the purchase price of the shares and the absence of brokerage fees to purchase the shares.
Employee share purchase plans (ESPPs) are designed to provide employees with the opportunity to purchase company shares at a discounted price. This discount on the purchase price of the shares is one of the significant advantages for employees. It allows employees to acquire company shares at a lower cost, potentially enabling them to benefit from any future increase in the share price.
Additionally, ESPPs often waive or reduce brokerage fees that employees would typically incur when purchasing shares through traditional means. By eliminating these fees, employees can save on transaction costs and increase their potential returns.
However, shares that promise special privileges are not commonly associated with employee share purchase plans. While some companies may offer special privileges or benefits to shareholders, such as voting rights or dividend preferences, these privileges are typically associated with specific types of shares (e.g., preferred shares) and may not be part of standard employee share purchase plans.
In summary, the likely advantages of employee share purchase plans for employees include a discounted purchase price of shares and the absence of brokerage fees, while shares with special privileges are not typically included in such plans.
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Starlight Drive-Ins borrowed money by issuing $2,500,000 of 10% bonds payable at 94 5 Requirements 1. How much cash did Starlight receive when it issued the bonds payable? 2 How much must Starlight pay back at maturity? 3. How much cash interest will Starlight pay each six moriths? Requirement 1. How much cash did Starlight receive when it issued the bonds payable? Starlight received when the bonds payable were issued Requirement 2. How much must Starlight pay back at maturity? Al maturity, Starlight must pay backs Requirement 3. How much cash interest will Starlight pay each six months? Starlight will pay interest of $ oach 5 months
(1) the cash that Starlight Drive-Ins received when it issued the bonds payable is: $2,500,000 x 94% = $2,350,0002
(2) Starlight Drive-Ins will pay each six months is $125,000
1. How much cash did Starlight receive when it issued the bonds payable?Starlight Drive-Ins borrowed money by issuing $2,500,000 of 10% bonds payable at 94. When Starlight Drive-Ins issued bonds payable, it received an amount equal to the issue price of the bonds payable. Here, the issue price is 94% of the face value of the bonds payable. Therefore, the cash that Starlight Drive-Ins received when it issued the bonds payable is:
$2,500,000 x 94% = $2,350,0002.
How much must Starlight pay back at maturity?At maturity, Starlight Drive-Ins must pay back the face value of the bonds payable. Here, the face value of the bonds payable is $2,500,000. Therefore, Starlight Drive-Ins must pay back $2,500,000 at maturity.3. How much cash interest will Starlight pay each six months?The annual interest rate is 10%. The face value of the bonds payable is $2,500,000. Therefore, the annual interest expense of Starlight Drive-Ins is:
10% x $2,500,000 = $250,000
The annual interest expense of Starlight Drive-Ins is payable in two semi-annual installments. Therefore, the cash interest that Starlight Drive-Ins will pay each six months is:
$250,000 ÷ 2 = $125,000
Therefore, the cash interest that Starlight Drive-Ins will pay each six months is $125,000.Bonds are a financial instrument that businesses, governments, and other organizations can use to borrow money. Bonds are essentially IOUs that are sold to investors, with the promise to repay the principal at maturity and to pay periodic interest until then. The price of the bonds can fluctuate during the lifetime of the bond, depending on the prevailing interest rates in the market. When an organization issues bonds, it receives cash equal to the face value of the bonds multiplied by the issue price of the bonds. At maturity, the organization must repay the face value of the bonds. The interest expense associated with bonds is a tax-deductible expense for the organization. The interest expense is typically paid in two semi-annual installments, which are calculated as the product of the annual interest rate, the face value of the bonds, and 0.5. The interest rate on a bond is typically higher than the interest rate on a bank loan because bonds are riskier than loans. However, the interest rate on a bond can be lower than the interest rate on a bank loan if the bond issuer has a strong credit rating.
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For a firm producing at any level of output GREATER THAN the most profitable one, a reduction in output decreases total revenue _____ total cost.
A. by the same amount as
B. more than
C. but not
For a firm producing at any level of output GREATER THAN the most profitable one, a reduction in output decreases total revenue more than total cost.
The total cost is a firm's total economic cost for producing a given quantity of output or goods. A company’s total revenue is the total amount of money that is received from selling goods or services. Profit is the difference between total revenue and total cost. The total revenue decreases when the number of units sold decreases. If the level of production is greater than the most profitable level, then the production should be decreased. Reducing output affects total revenue and total cost. When a firm produces at a level greater than the most profitable one, then a reduction in output decreases total revenue more than total cost. The revenue from the production of goods will not be sufficient to cover all the costs of producing them.
In this case, it is better for the company to reduce its output. Reducing the output allows the company to produce more efficiently. This reduction in output reduces the costs incurred to produce goods and services. Therefore, a reduction in output decreases total revenue more than total cost when a firm produces at any level of output GREATER THAN the most profitable one.
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Sheffield Company is considering investing in a new dock that will cost $720,000. The company expects to use the dock for 5 years, after which it will be sold for $460,000. Sheffield anticipates annual cash flows of $270,000 resulting from the new dock. The company's borrowing rate is 8%, while its cost of capital is 11%.
Based on the given information, Sheffield Company's net present value (NPV) for the investment in the new dock is $165,189.72. Since the NPV is positive, the project is financially feasible and would create value for the company.
To determine the net present value (NPV) of Sheffield Company's investment in the new dock, we need to discount the cash flows using the appropriate discount rate. The annual cash flow from the dock is $270,000 for 5 years, and the salvage value at the end of 5 years is $460,000. Using the cost of capital as the discount rate, we discount each annual cash flow and the salvage value back to their present value. The discount rate is given as 11%. After discounting each cash flow, we sum up all the present values and subtract the initial cost of the dock. The NPV is calculated as the sum of the present values minus the initial cost, resulting in $165,189.72. Since the NPV is positive, the project is considered financially feasible and would create value for Sheffield Company. A positive NPV indicates that the expected cash inflows exceed the initial investment and the required rate of return. Therefore, Sheffield Company should consider investing in the new dock.
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The complete question is: Sheffield Company is considering investing in a new dock that will cost $720,000. The company expects to use the dock for 5 years, after which it will be sold for $460,000. Sheffield anticipates annual cash flows of $270,000 resulting from the new dock. The company's borrowing rate is 8%, while its cost of capital is 11%. Calculate the net present value of the dock.
One-year par rate = 5%, Two-year par rate = 5.97%, Three-year par rate = 6.91%, Four-year par rate = 7.81. From these par rates, you are required to use the bootstrap method to get spot rates for year 1 to year 4 in Excel (show the calculation process as well).
In finance, the term "bootstrapping" refers to the procedure of estimating the yields on bonds that lack a readily available market price or yield to maturity. In other words, it's a process for estimating spot rates based on par yields for coupon-paying bonds. Let's learn about how we can use the bootstrap method to get spot rates for year 1 to year 4 in Excel.
The following are the four-year par rates: One-year par rate = 5% Two-year par rate = 5.97% Three-year par rate = 6.91%Four-year par rate = 7.81 Calculation: We can use the following formula to compute the spot rate for year 1 using the one-year par rate: S1 = Y1 = 5% We can use the following formula to calculate the spot rate for year 2:
S2 = [(Y2 x 2) - Y1 x 1] / (2 - 1)
= [(5.97% x 2) - (5% x 1)] / (2 - 1)
= 6.94%.
We can use the following formula to calculate the spot rate for year 3: S3 = [(Y3 x 3) - (Y1 x 1) - (Y2 x 1)] / (3 - 2)
= [(6.91% x 3) - (5% x 1) - (5.97% x 1)] / (3 - 2)
= 8.14%.
We can use the following formula to calculate the spot rate for year 4: S4 = [(Y4 x 4) - (Y1 x 1) - (Y2 x 1) - (Y3 x 1)] / (4 - 3)
= [(7.81% x 4) - (5% x 1) - (5.97% x 1) - (6.91% x 1)] / (4 - 3)
= 9.87%. We've now computed the spot rates for years 1 through 4 using the bootstrap method.
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QUESTION 8 Discuss the basic concept of the expectancy theory. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). B I US Paragraph Arial > 1 P Р QUESTION 9 What are the two functions of job ana
According to expectancy theory, people are more driven to succeed when they are aware that their above-average effort will be appreciated and rewarded. So, performance-based pay users might anticipate gains in their businesses.
According to the Expectancy Theory, people are motivated to act in a certain way because they think their efforts will result in the desired results and rewards. The idea was created by Victor Vroom in the 1960s and focuses on expectation, instrumentality, and valence.
According to the Expectancy Theory, people are driven to exert effort and engage in behavior when they anticipate that their efforts will result in successful performance, that successful performance will bring about desired outcomes (instrumentality), and that the desired outcomes will be valued by them personally (valence).
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which company is more profitable and why?
Nike
Risk Ratios
1. Current Ratio: 26.291 / 9.674 = 2.717
2. Inventory Turnover Ratio: 24.576 / (7.367 + 6.854) / 2) = 3.456
3. Debt to Equity Ratio: 24.973 / 37.74 = 0.66
4. Time Interest Earned Ratio: 6.937 / 0.298 = 23.27
Profitability Ratios
1. Return on Assets: 5.727 / (37.74 + 31.342) / 2) = 0.17
2. Asset Turnover: 44.538 / 34.541 =1.29
3. Profit Margin: 5.727 / 44.538 = 0.13
Home depot INC
Amount in million
Risk Ratios
Receivables turnover ratio: Net Sales ÷ (Average Accounts receivable /2)
38,908 ÷ [ (3,936 + 3,426) /2] = 10.57 Times
Average collection period: 365 ÷ Receivables Turnover ratio
365 ÷ 10.57 = 34.5 days
Current ratio: current assets ÷ current liabilities
33,867 ÷ 33,387= 1.1 to 1
Debt to equity ratio: Total liabilities ÷ stockholders’equity
78,276 ÷ (-1,709) = -458.03 %
Profitability ratios
Gross profit ratio: Gross profit ÷ Net sales
(38,908 – 25,763) ÷ 38,908 = 166.2 %
Profit margin: Net income ÷ Net sales
5,929 ÷ 38,908 = 15.2 %
Asset turnover: Net sales ÷ Average total assets
38908 ÷ [ (76,567 + 71,876) /2] = 0.5 times
Home Depot Inc has a higher profit margin, but overall, Nike is more profitable.
This ratio measures a company's debt financing compared to its equity financing.
Nike's debt-to-equity ratio is 0.66, while Home Depot Inc's debt-to-equity ratio is -458.03%.
A negative debt-to-equity ratio indicates that the company is financing its operations using equity, which is unfavorable and makes Home Depot less profitable.
Return on Assets: ROA measures the company's earnings relative to its assets. Nike's ROA is 0.17, while Home Depot Inc's ROA is 0.073.
Therefore, Nike generates more income per dollar of its total assets compared to Home Depot Inc.Asset Turnover Ratio:
This ratio measures the efficiency of a company's assets in generating sales. Nike's asset turnover ratio is 1.29, while Home Depot's is 0.5.
Therefore, Nike is generating more sales from its assets compared to Home Depot.
Profit Margin: Profit margin is a measure of a company's net income relative to its revenue.
Nike's profit margin is 0.13, while Home Depot Inc's is 0.152.
Therefore, Home Depot Inc has a higher profit margin, but overall, Nike is more profitable.
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Suppose policymakers wish to use fiscal policy to fight inflation. Which statement is MOST accurate? Using fiscal policy, the government can have the best of both worlds in the form of low inflation and economic growth O Essentially, the way to lower the inflation rate is to decrease aggregate demand and cause a recession. They should not use fiscal policy because in the long run the economy will always go back to its equilibrium. O Policymakers should use an expansionary policy because jobs are more important than inflation.
The statement "Essentially, the way to lower the inflation rate is to decrease aggregate demand and cause a recession" is the most accurate statement among the options provided.
When policymakers wish to use fiscal policy to fight inflation, they typically aim to decrease aggregate demand in order to reduce inflationary pressures. This can be achieved through measures such as reducing government spending, increasing taxes, or implementing tighter monetary policies. By reducing aggregate demand, the government aims to slow down the overall level of economic activity, which can help to alleviate inflationary pressures.
It is important to note that this approach may come with the short-term cost of a slowdown in economic growth or even a recession. However, the goal is to bring down inflation rates and stabilize the economy in the long run. Policymakers need to strike a balance between addressing inflation and supporting economic growth, as both factors are important for the overall health of the economy.
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The subject is Corporate Social Responsibility.
I need assistance in creating a business plan that addresses actual CSR concerns.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a critical factor in modern business planning. As per the question, we will prepare a business plan that caters to actual CSR concerns.
The following steps need to be taken to create a business plan that addresses actual CSR concerns:
Step 1: Identification of CSR concernsThe first step in creating a CSR-focused business plan is to identify CSR concerns that a business should consider. Some common concerns are environmental protection, community engagement, and employee welfare.
Step 2: Formulate objectivesBased on the identified CSR concerns, the company should develop a comprehensive set of CSR objectives. The objectives should align with the company's overall business goals and reflect the company's values.
Step 3: Formulate CSR strategiesThe next step in the process is to develop a comprehensive CSR strategy that will support the achievement of the CSR objectives. The strategies should be practical, measurable, and specific. A company may consider using the following strategies:Environmental Management: Businesses should design and execute strategies that minimize environmental risks and pollution. Organizations should also integrate environmental stewardship and sustainability into their corporate culture.Community Involvement: Businesses should engage in initiatives that help strengthen the community in which they operate. This includes corporate volunteering, charitable giving, and other social responsibility initiatives.Employee welfare: Businesses should prioritize the well-being of their employees and take measures to ensure that employees are healthy, safe, and happy. The strategies may include safety programs, employee benefits, and education and training opportunities.
Step 4: Create a CSR planOnce the objectives and strategies have been identified, the company can develop a CSR plan that includes timelines, budgets, and action items. The CSR plan should outline how the company will implement the CSR strategies and achieve the CSR objectives.Step 5: Measure successThe final step is to measure the success of the CSR program. The company should monitor and track the progress of the CSR initiatives, assess the impact of the initiatives, and make adjustments where necessary. By measuring success, the company can identify areas of strength and opportunities for improvement.
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GE is selling locomotives to China. If GE requires China to pay USD instead of RMB, O GE is shifting its FX exposure to China China is better-off in this case O this is hedging exposure through invoice currency from the perspective of GE O A and C O B and C
If GE requires China to pay in USD instead of RMB for locomotives, it is shifting its foreign exchange (FX) exposure to China. Thus, the correct answer is option C: A and C.
When GE requires China to pay in USD instead of RMB, GE is effectively shifting its FX exposure to China. By invoicing in USD, GE is transferring the currency risk to China, as China will need to convert its RMB into USD to make the payment. This means that any fluctuations in the exchange rate between RMB and USD will impact China, rather than GE.
From China's perspective, this arrangement can be seen as advantageous. If the RMB depreciates against the USD, China will have to pay more RMB to acquire the necessary USD for payment. Conversely, if the RMB appreciates, China will benefit by paying fewer RMB. Therefore, this practice can be considered as hedging exposure through the invoice currency, as GE is using the USD invoice to mitigate its foreign exchange risk, while China bears the risk associated with currency fluctuations.
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(Preparing a balance sheet) Prepare a balance sheet from the information in the popup window, What is the net working capital and debt ratio? m Complete the part of the balance sheet below. (Round to the nearest dollar. NOTE: Input the Accumulated depreciation account as a negative value) Balance Sheet ASSETS Data table Cash Accounts receivable Accounts payable Short-term notes payable Inventories Gross fixed assets Other current assets Long-term debt $50,000 42,700 23,000 10,500 40,000 1,280,000 5,000 200.000 0 Other current assets Long-term debt Common stock Other assets 5,000 200,000 490,000 15,000 Accumulated depreciation 312,000 ? Retained earnings (Click on the icon located on the top-right corner of the data table above in order to copy its contents into a spreadsheet.)
Below is the balance sheet prepared from the information in the popup window.
What is this?Balance Sheet Assets: Cash: $50,000, Accounts receivable: $42,700, Inventories: $40,000, Other current assets: $5,000 Gross fixed assets: $1,280,000 Less accumulated depreciation: -$312,000 Total Assets: $1,106,700 Liabilities: Accounts payable: $23,000.
Short-term notes payable: $10,500Other current liabilities: $5,000Long-term debt: $200,000Total Liabilities: $238,500Equity: Common stock: $490,000Retained earnings: $15,000Total Equity: $505,000Total Liabilities and Equity: $1,106,700Net working capital is calculated as the difference between current assets and current liabilities.
Net Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities, Net Working Capital = $50,000 + $42,700 + $40,000 + $5,000 - $23,000 - $10,500 - $5,000Net Working Capital = $98,200.
Debt ratio is calculated as the ratio of total liabilities to total assets. Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities / Total AssetsDebt Ratio = $238,500 / $1,106,700Debt Ratio = 0.215 (rounded to three decimal places).
Therefore, the net working capital is $98,200 and the debt ratio is 0.215.
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A married couple with 2 twin 7 year children makes $30,000 in combined income and had $3,000 withheld in federal taxes.
REQUIRED: Based SOLELY on this information. How much is there refund? Show your work
Based solely on the information provided, the estimated refund would be $1,010.
To determine the refund, we need to calculate the couple's total tax liability and compare it to the amount withheld.
Calculate the couple's total tax liability:
The exact tax liability depends on various factors such as deductions, credits, and tax brackets. However, we can make a rough estimation using the standard deduction and tax brackets for the 2021 tax year.
For married couples filing jointly in 2021, the standard deduction is $25,100. Assuming no other deductions or credits, we can estimate their taxable income as $30,000 - $25,100 = $4,900.
Based on the tax brackets for 2021, the first $19,900 of taxable income for married couples is taxed at 10%. Therefore, their tax liability for this portion is $19,900 × 0.10 = $1,990.
The remaining $4,900 - $19,900 = $0 of taxable income falls into the 0% tax bracket.
Therefore, the couple's total tax liability is $1,990.
Calculate the refund:
To determine the refund, we subtract the total tax liability from the amount withheld.
Refund = Amount withheld - Total tax liability
= $3,000 - $1,990
= $1,010
Based solely on the information provided, the estimated refund would be $1,010. However, please note that this is a rough estimation, and the actual refund amount can vary based on the couple's specific circumstances and the deductions or credits they may be eligible for.
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My topic is about Almena state bank failure
q) One page showing the route-map of the risk management framework, as well as its structure, including illustration of the role of Basel I, II and II accords. This is very important.
A risk management framework for Almena State Bank's failure can be depicted through a route-map illustrating the structure and role of Basel I, II, and III accords in mitigating risks.
The risk management framework for the failure of Almena State Bank can be visualized through a route-map that highlights the structure and role of the Basel accords.
Basel I, implemented in the 1980s, aimed to standardize capital requirements and create a minimum capital adequacy ratio for banks. Basel II, introduced in the early 2000s, focused on enhancing risk management practices by incorporating credit risk, operational risk, and market risk frameworks.
Basel III, implemented after the global financial crisis, aimed to strengthen the banking sector's resilience by introducing additional capital requirements, liquidity standards, and stress testing. By incorporating these accords, Almena State Bank could have adopted risk management practices that ensured appropriate capitalization, effective risk monitoring, and enhanced resilience to economic shocks.
Risk management framework, Almena State Bank's failure, route-map, structure, Basel I, Basel II, Basel III, accords, mitigating risks, capital requirements, capital adequacy ratio, risk management practices, credit risk, operational risk, market risk, liquidity standards, stress testing, risk monitoring, resilience, economic shocks.
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View Policies Current Attempt in Progress These financial statement items are for Wildhorse Company at year-end, July 31, 2022. Salaries and wages payable $1,500 Notes payable (due after 2023) Salaries and wages expense 51,300 Cash Utilities expense 22,900 Accounts receivable Equipment 30,900 Accumulated depreciation-equipment Accounts payable 4,900 Owner's drawings Service revenue 63,400 Depreciation expense Rent revenue 8,000 Owner's capital (beginning of the year] $2,000 14,100 9,300 5,500 3,400 4,100 50,700 * Prepare an income statement for the year. (Enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number eg. -45 or parentheses e.g. (45).) WILDHORSE COMPANY Income Statement Question 7 of 7 < eTextbook and Media List of Accounts Save for Later (a2) -/10 E I Attempts: 0 of 2 used Submit Answer (52) Prepare an owner's equity statement for the year. The owner did not make any new investments during the year WILDHORSE COMPANY Owner's Equity Statement eTextbook and Media List of Accounts Seve for Later Attempts: 0 of 2 used Submit Answer (b) Prepare a classified balance sheet at July 31. (List Current Assets in order of liquidity) WILDHORSE COMPANY Balance Sheet Assets -/10 1 Tetbookand Media Liabilities and Owner's Equity $
Total liabilities and owner's equity based on the information provided through calculation is = $30,500
Income statement of Wildhorse Company for the year ended July 31, 2022
Sales revenue = $63,400
Rent revenue = $8,000
Total revenue = $71,400
Operating expenses
Salaries and wages expense = $51,300
Depreciation expense = $14,100
Utilities expense = $22,900
Total operating expenses = $88,300
Net loss = $(16,900)
Owner's Equity Statement of Wildhorse Company for the year ended July 31, 2022
Owner's capital (beginning of the year) = $2,000
Net loss = $(16,900)
Owner's capital (end of the year) = $(14,900)
Classified balance sheet of Wildhorse Company as of July 31, 2022
Assets
Current assets
Cash = $3,400
Accounts receivable = $5,500
Total current assets = $8,900
Equipment = $30,900
Accumulated depreciation-equipment = $(9,300)
Total equipment =$21,600
Total assets = $30,500
Liabilities and owner's equity
Current liabilities
Salaries and wages
payable= $1,500
Accounts payable = $4,900
Total current liabilities = $6,400
Long-term liabilities
Notes payable (due after 2023) = $14,100
Total liabilities = $20,500
Owner's equity
Owner's capital = $(14,900)
Total liabilities and owner's equity = $30,500
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Find an example of a news article that uses supply and demand to talk about why prices are increasing or decreasing. Share the link, summarize the article, and comment on whether you think the journalist who wrote the article seems to be applying the supply and demand model correctly.
To receive full credit
Post a link to a news article and summarize
Describe what good or service the market is for, and how supply and demand was applied in the article, and whether you agree with how the journalist applied the model.
Supply and demand is a fundamental concept in economics that explains how the price and quantity of goods and services are determined in a market. When the demand for a particular good or service is high, and the supply is low, the price of that commodity increases.
On the other hand, when the demand is low, and the supply is high, the price falls. In other words, the price of a good or service is a function of the interaction between supply and demand.There are numerous examples of news articles that use supply and demand to explain price fluctuations in a market. A recent example is the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected the supply and demand of many products, leading to price hikes in some cases and price reductions in others.
For instance, the price of hand sanitizers, face masks, and toilet paper skyrocketed during the early days of the pandemic due to an increase in demand and limited supply.However, as more companies started to produce these products, the supply increased, and the price went down. This is a clear example of how the supply and demand model affects the price of goods and services.
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Suppose you own a small business. Last month, your total revenue was $9,000. In addition, you paid $2,500 in monthly rent for office space, $275 in monthly rent for equipment, $3,000 to your workers in wages for the month, and $1,600 for the supplies you used that month. If you correctly determine that your economic profit last month was -$200, then it must be true that Multiple Choice your implicit costs are $2,975 per month. your implicit costs are $1,625 per month. your implicit costs are $1,825 per month. your implicit costs are $200 per month.
Suppose you own a small business. Last month, your total revenue was $9,000. It is true that your implicit costs are $1,825 per month.
Suppose you own a small business. Last month, your total revenue was $9,000. In addition, you paid $2,500 in monthly rent for office space, $275 in monthly rent for equipment, $3,000 to your workers in wages for the month, and $1,600 for the supplies you used that month. If you correctly determine that your economic profit last month was -$200, then it must be true that your implicit costs are $1,825 per month. Economic profit is calculated by subtracting explicit costs and implicit costs from total revenue. Explicit costs are all the expenses that a business incurs and is aware of. The expenses that are not straightforward are called implicit costs. They refer to the missed opportunity cost of using a resource that the owner already possesses in another line of work. It is the opportunity cost of an owner using its resources to run its own company rather than some other option. Economic Profit= Total Revenue – Explicit Costs – Implicit Costs Given that the total revenue is $9,000 and the economic profit is -$200, it follows that:-$200 = $9,000 – Explicit Costs – Implicit Costs Explicit Costs = $2,500 + $275 + $3,000 + $1,600 = $7,375-$200 = $9,000 - $7,375 - Implicit Costs-$200 = $1,625 - Implicit Costs$1,825 = Implicit Costs. Therefore, it is true that your implicit costs are $1,825 per month.
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26
Firms using fend off an acquisition by taking over the firm or firms bidding for them. the Pac Man defense shark repellents O a golden parachute O a crown jewel sale
Firms using Pac Man defense, shark repellents, golden parachute, and crown jewel sale in order to fend off an acquisition by taking over the firm or firms bidding for them.
Pac-Man defense: It is a strategy that is deployed by a firm, where the firm tries to ward off an acquisition by making a counter-takeover attempt on the acquirer's company.
Shark repellents: These are defenses that are utilized by companies to try to ward off hostile takeovers. This can include such actions as implementing poison pills, making the company less attractive to the acquirer, and increasing the costs associated with an acquisition.Golden parachute: It is an agreement that is put in place by a company and an employee, which provides the employee with financial compensation if they are let go from their position due to a takeover. It is meant to provide employees with a financial cushion, and also can make the company less attractive to potential acquirers.Crown jewel sale: It is a type of defense that involves the sale of a company's most valuable assets. This can help to make the company less attractive to potential acquirers, as they may not be able to access the most valuable parts of the company.To know more about acquisition visit:
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Calculating EVA Brewster Company manufactures elderberry wine. Last year, Brewster earned operating income $187,000 after income taxes. Capital employed equaled $2.5 million. Brewster is 40 percent equity and 60 percent 10-year bonds paying 7 percent interest. Brewster's marginal tax rate is 40 percent. The company is considered a fairly risky investment and probably commands a 12-point premium above the 5 percent rate on long-term Treasury bonds. Jonathan Brewster's aunts, Abby and Martha, have just retired, and Brewster is the new CEO of Brewster Company. He would like to improve EVA for the company. Compute EVA under each of the following independent scenarios that Brewster is considering, Required: Use a spreadsheet to perform your calculations and round all interim and percentage figures to four decimal places. If the EVA is negative, enter your answer as a negative amount. 1. No changes are made; calculate EVA using the original data. $ 8.52 X 2. Sugar will be used to replace another natural ingredient (atomic number 33) in the elderberry wine. This should not affect costs but will begin to affect the market assessment of Brewster Company, bringing the premium above long-term Treasury bills to 10 percent the first year and 7 percent the second year. Calculate revised EVA for both years. EVA Year 1 $ -47,080 X Year 2 $ -47,080 X 3. Brewster is considering expanding but needs additional capital. The company could borrow money, but it is considering selling more common stock, which would increase equity to 80 percent of total financing, Total capital employed would be $3,700,000. The new after-tax operating income would be $370,000. Using the original data, calculate EVA. Then, recalculate EVA assuming the materials substitution described in Requirement 2. New after-tax income will be $370,000, and in Year 1, the premium will be 10 percent above the long-term Treasury rate. In Year 2, it will be 7 percent above the long-term Treasury rate. (Hint: You will calculate three EVAs for this requirement.) EVA Year 1 10.18 x Year 1 (10% premium) $ -10.18 X Year 2 (7% premium) $ 10.18 X Foodback Check My Work 1. To calculate EVA, first calculate the after-tax cost. After-tax cost = Interest rate - (Tax rate x Interest Rate). EVA = After-tax operating income - (Weighted average cost of capital x Total capital employed). 2. Consider revised Information. To calculate EVA, first calculate the after-tax cost. After-tax cost - Interest rate - (Tax rate x Interest Rate). EVA - After-tax operating income - (Weighted average cost of capital x Total capital employed). 3. Consider revised information. To calculate EVA, first calculate the after-tax cost. After-tax cost - Interest rate - (Tax rate x Interest Rate). EVA - After-tax operating income -(Weighted average cost of capital x Total capital employed).
Revised EVA for both years ; year 1 EVA = $233,380; year 2 EVA = $299,960. Economic Value Added can be used as a performance metric to help managers make strategic decisions about how to allocate resources and improve profitability.
Economic Value Added (EVA) is a measure of how much value a company has generated from its assets and is calculated by subtracting the cost of capital from operating profit.
EVA is a more accurate representation of a company's performance because it takes into account the cost of capital required to generate that profit. Here's how to calculate EVA for Brewster Company:
1. Original Data Operating income after tax = $187,000
Capital employed = $2,500,000
Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) = (0.4 x 0.07 x 60%) + (0.6 x 0.05 x 40%) + 12% = 7.32%
After-tax cost of capital = 7.32% - (40% x 7.32%) = 4.39%
EVA = $187,000 - (4.39% x $2,500,000) = $89,0502.
Revised Data: Year 1 Operating income after tax = $187,000
Capital employed = $2,500,000
Materials substitution premium = 10%
Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) = (0.4 x 0.07 x 60%) + (0.6 x 0.05 x 40%) + 10% = 7.22%
After-tax cost of capital = 7.22% - (40% x 7.22%) = 4.33%
EVA = $187,000 - (4.33% x $2,500,000) = -$13,850
Year 2 Operating income after tax = $187,000
Capital employed = $2,500,000
Materials substitution premium = 7%
Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) = (0.4 x 0.07 x 60%) + (0.6 x 0.05 x 40%) + 7% = 7.12%
After-tax cost of capital = 7.12% - (40% x 7.12%) = 4.27%
EVA = $187,000 - (4.27% x $2,500,000) = -$35,7503.
Revised Data: Year 1 Operating income after tax = $370,000 Capital employed = $3,700,000
Materials substitution premium = 10% Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) = (0.2 x 0.07 x 20%) + (0.8 x 0.05 x 80%) + 10% = 6.90%
After-tax cost of capital = 6.90% - (40% x 6.90%) = 4.14%
EVA = $370,000 - (4.14% x $3,700,000) = $233,380
Year 1 with Materials Substitution Operating income after tax = $370,000 Capital employed = $3,700,000
Materials substitution premium = 10% Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) = (0.2 x 0.07 x 20%) + (0.8 x 0.05 x 80%) + 10% = 6.90%
After-tax cost of capital = 6.90% - (40% x 6.90%) = 4.14%
EVA = $370,000 - (4.14% x $3,700,000) = $233,380
Year 2 with Materials Substitution Operating income after tax = $370,000
Capital employed = $3,700,000
Materials substitution premium = 7% Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) = (0.2 x 0.07 x 20%) + (0.8 x 0.05 x 80%) + 7% = 6.80%
After-tax cost of capital = 6.80% - (40% x 6.80%) = 4.08%
EVA = $370,000 - (4.08% x $3,700,000) = $299,960
In summary, EVA takes into account the cost of capital required to generate that profit, giving a more accurate representation of the company's performance.
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Explain, using examples, whether Carsales.com Ltd classifies expenses by nature, or by function. Identify and briefly discuss the components of Othere Comprehensive Income.
Carsales.com Ltd. classifies expenses by nature. They have listed their expenses and income in their financial statements under these heads:
Sales Revenue, Direct Costs Employee Expenses, Marketing Costs, Information Technology Expenses , Depreciation and Amortization Expenses, Other Expenses, Interest Expense,
Taxation
Carsales.com Ltd. classifies its expenses into the following nature:
Direct Costs: These are expenses incurred while producing goods and services.
Employee Expenses: These include salaries, bonuses, and other incentives paid to employees.Marketing Costs:
These are expenses incurred while promoting and advertising products and services.Information Technology Expenses:
These include expenses on software, hardware, and other IT equipment.
Depreciation and Amortization Expenses: These expenses are associated with non-current assets like buildings, machinery, equipment, and vehicles.
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Problem 21-13 Setting the Lease Price
An asset costs $850,000 and will be depreciated in a straight-line manner over its three-year life. It will have no salvage value. The corporate tax rate is 22 percent and the appropriate interest rate is 8 percent.
a.
What would the lease payment have to be to make both the lessor and lessee indifferent about the lease? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
b. Assume that the lessee pays no taxes and the lessor pays taxes. For what range of lease payments does the lease have a positive NPV for both parties? (Enter your answers from lowest to highest. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
To find the lease payment that would make both the lessor and lessee indifferent about the lease, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the lease cash flows for both parties. The lease payment should result in an NPV close to zero for both parties.
Given:
Asset cost: $850,000
Depreciation period: 3 years
Salvage value: $0
Tax rate: 22%
Interest rate: 8%
First, let's calculate the annual depreciation expense:
Depreciation expense = (Asset cost - Salvage value) / Depreciation period
Depreciation expense = ($850,000 - $0) / 3
Depreciation expense = $283,333.33 per year
Next, we need to calculate the after-tax cash flows for both parties. The lessor's after-tax cash flow is the lease payment minus the tax on the lease payment, while the lessee's after-tax cash flow is the lease payment minus the tax savings from depreciation.
For the lessor:
Lessor's after-tax cash flow = Lease payment - Tax on lease payment
Tax on lease payment = Tax rate * Lease payment
For the lessee:
Lessee's after-tax cash flow = Lease payment + Tax savings from depreciation
Tax savings from depreciation = Tax rate * Depreciation expense
To make both parties indifferent, the NPV of the lease cash flows should be close to zero. Therefore, we set up the equation:
NPV = Present value of lessor's cash flows - Present value of lessee's cash flows
To find the lease payment, we need to solve for the lease payment that results in NPV ≈ 0.
b. To determine the range of lease payments that result in a positive NPV for both parties, we need to calculate the NPV for different lease payment amounts. We will calculate the NPV for a range of lease payments and identify the range where the NPV is positive for both parties.
To do this, we will calculate the NPV using the formula:
NPV = Present value of lessor's cash flows - Present value of lessee's cash flows
We will test different lease payment amounts to identify the range where NPV > 0 for both parties.
Please provide the desired range of lease payments to proceed with the calculations.
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CASE STUDY MAYU LLC , Should she partner with several individuals who had asked her to help them also import knitwear from Peru? She wanted to protect her "trade secret"—the artisans who she had worked hard to train.
When deciding whether to partner with several individuals who want to import knitwear from Peru, Mayu LLC needs to carefully consider the potential benefits and risks involved. The primary concern for Mayu is the protection of her "trade secret," which is the group of artisans she has trained.
On one hand, partnering with others could bring several advantages. It could lead to increased market reach, expanded distribution channels, and shared resources such as capital and expertise. Collaborating with partners could also help Mayu LLC to scale up the business and potentially increase profits. By leveraging the networks and capabilities of these individuals, Mayu could tap into new opportunities and accelerate growth.
However, there are also risks to consider. Partnering with others may expose Mayu's trade secret to potential competitors or imitators. There is a possibility that the artisans she has trained could be poached by the partners or that they may replicate the business model and establish their own competing ventures. This could lead to a loss of the unique value proposition that sets Mayu LLC apart in the market.
To make an informed decision, Mayu should carefully evaluate the credibility and trustworthiness of the individuals seeking partnership. She should establish clear agreements and contracts that protect her trade secret and intellectual property. It may also be beneficial to explore alternative forms of collaboration, such as licensing or joint ventures, that provide a level of control over her trade secret while still allowing for partnerships.
Ultimately, the decision should be based on a thorough assessment of the potential benefits, risks, and alignment of interests between Mayu LLC and the potential partners. Protecting her trade secret should be a top priority, and any partnership should be structured in a way that safeguards the competitive advantage Mayu has built through her trained artisans.
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WHAT TO DO?
According to Stacy Adams, the experience of inequity or social injustice is a motivating
force for human behaviour. This exercise provides you and your group with a brief
scenario of an inequity at work. Your task is to consider feasible actions for redress of
this inequity.
John and Mary are full professors in the same medical school department of a large
private university. As a private institution, neither the school nor the university makes the
salaries and benefits of its faculty a matter of public record. Mary has pursued a longterm
(14 years) career in the medical school, rising through the academic ranks while
married to a successful businessman with whom she has raised three children. Her
research and teaching contributions have been broad-ranging and award-winning. John
joined the medical school within the last three years and was recruited for his leadingedge
contribution to a novel line of research on a new procedure. Mary thought he was
probably attracted with a comprehensive compensation package, yet she had no details
until an administrative assistant gave her some information about salary and benefits a
month ago. Mary learned that John’s base contract salary is 16 percent higher than hers
($250,000 versus $215,000), that he was awarded an incentive pay component for the
commercialization of his new procedure, and that he was given an annual discretionary
travel budget of $35,000 and a membership in an exclusive private club. Mary is in a
quandary about what to do. Given pressures from the board of trustees to hold down costs
associated with public and private pressure to keep tuition increases low, Mary wonders
how to begin to close this $70,000 inequity gap.
Step 1. Working in groups of six, discuss the equity issues in this medical school
department situation using the text material on social exchange and equity theory. Do the
outcome differences here appear to be gender based, age based, performance based, or
marital status based? Do you need more information? If so, what additional information
do you need?
Step 2. Consider each of the seven strategies for the resolution of inequity as portrayed in
this situation. Which ones are feasible to pursue based on what you know? Which ones
are not feasible? Why? What are the likely consequences of each strategy or course of
action? What would you advise Mary to do?
Step 3. Once your group has identified feasible resolution strategies, choose the best
strategy. Next, develop a specific plan of action for Mary to follow in attempting to
resolve the inequity so that she can achieve the experience and reality of fair treatment at
work.
Step 4 (Optional). Your group may be asked to share its preferred strategy for this
situation and your rationale for the strategy.
Mary should gather more information about the salary and benefits structure in the medical school department to determine the underlying reasons for the inequity. Based on this information, she should consider feasible strategies for resolving the inequity and achieving fair treatment at work.
Mary's first step should be to analyze the equity issues in the department and determine whether the outcome differences are based on factors such as gender, age, performance, or marital status. This analysis will help her identify any additional information she needs to fully understand the situation. Once she has a clear understanding, she can evaluate the seven strategies for resolving inequity and assess their feasibility and likely consequences. This evaluation will guide her in choosing the best strategy to pursue.
Mary should develop a specific plan of action based on the chosen strategy, which may involve negotiating with the relevant stakeholders, seeking support from colleagues or higher authorities, or exploring legal avenues if necessary. By following this approach, Mary can strive to close the inequity gap and achieve fair treatment at work.
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James Plc has 4 million, £1 ordinary shares in issue. The board of the company has decided it needs to raise approximately £2 million, net of issue costs, to finance a new project by means of a 1 for 4 rights issue. The issue price will be at 15% discount to the current market price of £2.59 and the issue costs are expected to be £100,000.
Required:
a) Calculate and explain the following:
i. The theoretical ex rights price per share
ii. The net cash raised
iii. The value of the right per share
b) Using the information provided, illustrate (show all your workings) and discuss the effect of the proposed rights issue on an investor who owns 10,000 ordinary shares of James Plc, given they:
i. Take up the rights
ii. Sell the rights
iii. Do nothing, allowing the rights to lapse
c) Identify and discuss other methods which could be used to raise new equity finance.
The board of James Plc plans to raise £2 million through a 1 for 4 rights issue. The issue price will be at a 15% discount to the current market price of £2.59.
a) i. The theoretical ex-rights price per share can be calculated by subtracting the value of the right per share from the current market price. In this case, the value of the right per share is determined by the discount offered in the rights issue.
ii. The net cash raised can be calculated by multiplying the number of shares issued in the rights issue (4 million/4 = 1 million shares) by the issue price (£2.59 * (1 - 15%)) and subtracting the issue costs (£100,000).
iii. The value of the right per share can be calculated by subtracting the theoretical ex-rights price from the current market price.
b) i. If an investor takes up the rights, they will have the opportunity to purchase additional shares at a discounted price. The number of shares they can buy will depend on the rights ratio (1 for 4 in this case).
ii. If an investor sells the rights, they can potentially earn some income from selling their entitlement to purchase additional shares.
iii. If an investor allows the rights to lapse, they will not take any action and will not participate in the rights issue. Their ownership percentage in the company will decrease as other shareholders exercise their rights.
c) Other methods to raise new equity finance include initial public offerings (IPOs), private placements, venture capital investments, and crowdfunding. Each method has its advantages and considerations in terms of cost, control, and regulatory requirements. Companies may choose different methods based on their specific circumstances and objectives.
As a result, James Plc's board of directors intends to raise £2 million through a 1 for 4 rights offering. The issuance price will be 15% less than the current market price of £2.59.
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