The correct answer is option c) $39,321. To find the expected NPV , calculate the present value of the cash flows while taking into account the one-time net cash inflow at the end of year 2.
Given that the initial cash flow is $500, the annual interest rate is 11%, the annual growth rate is 4%, and the cash flows occur annually for 4 years, we can calculate the NPV as follows: Year 0: -$500 (initial cash flow); Year 1: $500 * (1 + 0.04) = $520 (cash flow with growth); Year 2: $500 * (1 + 0.04)^2 = $541.60 (cash flow with growth); Year 2 (abandonment option): $4,500 (net cash inflow from abandonment); Year 3: $0 (no cash flows); Year 4: $0 (no cash flows).
Now, we can calculate the present value of these cash flows using the discount rate of 11%: PV = -$500 + $520 / (1 + 0.11) + $541.60 / (1 + 0.11)^2 + $4,500 / (1 + 0.11)^2. Simplifying the equation: PV = -$500 + $520 / 1.11 + $541.60 / 1.11^2 + $4,500 / 1.11^2. Calculating this equation, the expected NPV of the project, taking the abandonment option into account, is approximately $39,321. Therefore, the correct answer is option c) $39,321.
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1) A project has an initial cost of $40,000, expected net cash inflows of $9,000 per year for 7 years, and a cost of capital of 11%. What is the project's NPV? (Hint: Begin by constructing a time line)
2) REFER TO QUESTION (1). What is the project's IRR?.
3) REFER TO QUESTION (1) What is the project's MIRR?
4) REFER TO QUESTION (1) What is the project's PI?
5) REFER TO QUESTION (1) What is the project's payback period?
To calculate the project's net present value (NPV), we need to discount the expected net cash inflows using the cost of capital.
Constructing a timeline: Year 0: -$40,000 (initial cost)Year 1-7: $9,000 (net cash inflow)Using the formula for NPV, we discount each year's cash flow and sum them up: NPV = -Initial cost + (Net cash inflow / (1 + Cost of capital)^year)NPV = -$40,000 + ($9,000 / (1 + 0.11)^1) + ($9,000 / (1 + 0.11)^2) + ... + ($9,000 / (1 + 0.11)^7)2) The project's internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate at which the NPV becomes zero. To find the IRR, we can iterate through different discount rates until the NPV is approximately zero.3) The modified internal rate of return (MIRR) adjusts for potential reinvestment of cash inflows at a different rate. It provides a more realistic picture of the project's profitability. MIRR is calculated by finding the future value of positive cash flows at the cost of capital and the future value of negative cash flows at the reinvestment rate. The reinvestment rate is typically the cost of capital or a desired rate of return.4) The profitability index (PI) measures the present value of future cash flows per dollar invested. It is calculated by dividing the present value of cash inflows by the initial cost.PI = Present value of cash inflows / Initial cost5) The payback period represents the length of time required to recover the initial investment. It is calculated by dividing the initial cost by the annual net cash inflow. The payback period is the number of years it takes to reach a positive cumulative cash flow, indicating the recovery of the initial investment.To determine the payback period, we divide the initial cost of $40,000 by the annual net cash inflow of $9,000. The payback period is the time it takes for the cumulative cash flow to become positive, indicating the recovery of the initial investment. $40,000 / $9,000 = 4.44 yearsTherefore, the payback period for this project is approximately 4.44 years. This means it would take around 4 years and 5 months to recoup the initial investment of $40,000 based on the expected annual net cash inflows of $9,000.
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a.
A person's self-identities and roles are matching and parallel with each other, such as being a doctor, a member of a health organization and a medical scientist.
b.
A person has many self-identities and many constructive roles in life
c.
A person's self-confidence
d.
A person's roles in life are clear
a. Matching and parallel self-identities and roles can provide a sense of alignment and congruence in a person's life.
When someone's self-identities as a doctor, a member of a health organization, and a medical scientist align with their roles and responsibilities in those areas, it can lead to a sense of fulfillment and purpose. b. Having many self-identities and constructive roles in life can provide a diverse range of experiences and opportunities for personal growth. It allows individuals to engage in various aspects of their life, such as being a parent, a professional, a volunteer, or a hobbyist, which can contribute to their overall well-being and fulfillment. c. Self-confidence refers to a person's belief in their own abilities, skills, and worth. When someone possesses self-confidence, they have a positive self-perception and are more likely to take on challenges, pursue their goals, and handle setbacks or obstacles with resilience. Self-confidence plays a crucial role in personal and professional success. d. Having clear roles in life means that individuals have a clear understanding of their responsibilities, duties, and expectations in different domains of their life, such as work, family, and community. Clear roles provide structure, direction, and a sense of purpose, enabling individuals to effectively manage their time, prioritize tasks, and fulfill their commitments in each role. It can contribute to a balanced and fulfilling life.
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Two technologies are being considered for a rocket motor for space tourist vehicles. Costs are estimated for development and initial production (including the plant to produce the motors). Also estimated are the demand and likely profit margins for the motors in terms of NPV. This information along with estimates of the probabilities of success of the development and launch efforts are shown below: Motor type A Development Prob 50 0.70 70 0.60 Production Prob 20 0.60 25 0.50 NPV 200 250 3 B Based on ECV, which motor project is better?
Based on the Expected Commercial Value (ECV), Motor Project B is better. The ECV is a measure that combines the probabilities of success, development costs, production costs, and NPV to determine the overall value of a project. In this case, Motor Project B has a higher ECV compared to Motor Project A, indicating it has a better potential for profitability and success.
To determine the better motor project based on ECV, we need to calculate the ECV for each motor type. The ECV is calculated by multiplying the probability of success for development and production by the NPV and subtracting the costs.
For Motor Project A, the ECV is calculated as follows:
ECV_A = (Prob_development_A * NPV_A) - Development_costs_A + (Prob_production_A * NPV_A) - Production_costs_A
For Motor Project B, the ECV is calculated as follows:
ECV_B = (Prob_development_B * NPV_B) - Development_costs_B + (Prob_production_B * NPV_B) - Production_costs_B
Comparing the ECVs of Motor Project A and Motor Project B, if ECV_A < ECV_B, then Motor Project B is better.
By comparing the ECV values for Motor Project A and Motor Project B, we can determine which project is better based on their expected commercial values. The project with the higher ECV is expected to generate greater profitability and success. Therefore, the motor project with the higher ECV, which in this case is Motor Project B, is the better choice from a financial perspective.
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Show in a graph and explain the impact on welfare in a specific market if a country opens its borders to trade. Assume that initially the market is in equilibrium and that the world price is less than the domestic price of the good traded in this market. Identify changes to consumer surplus, producer surplus, and total surplus.
Opening borders to trade in this specific market leads to a redistribution of welfare. Consumers benefit from lower prices and increased access to a greater variety of goods, resulting in a larger consumer surplus. The graph is attached below.
Producers face increased competition and a decrease in producer surplus. Nevertheless, the total surplus increases, indicating a net gain in societal welfare.
As the market opens to trade, consumers benefit from the lower prices. The consumer surplus increases from the original area to the expanded area.
Producers face increased competition from imported goods at lower prices. The producer surplus decreases from the original area to the reduced area.
Total surplus is the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus. Opening borders to trade results in a net gain in total surplus.
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ABC One Bank offers one-year loans with a 9 percent stated or base rate, charges a 0.25 percent loan origination fee, imposes a 10 percent compensating balance requirement, and must hold a 6 percent reserve requirement at the Federal Reserve. The loans typically are repaid at maturity.
a. If the risk premium for a given customer is 2.17 percent, what is the simple promised interest return on the loan?
b. If the risk premium for a given customer is 3.10 percent, what is the contractually promised gross return on the loan per dollar lent?
Note: Convert your answer to percentage format. Enter your answer rounded to 2 decimals, and without any units. So, for example, if your answer is 3.4568%, then just enter 3.46.
a) the simple promised interest return on the loan is 11.42%. b) the contractually promised gross return on the loan per dollar lent is 12.35%.
a. To calculate the simple promised interest return on the loan, we need to consider the stated or base rate, the loan origination fee, and the risk premium for a given customer. Let's calculate it step by step:
Stated or base rate: 9%
Loan origination fee: 0.25%
Risk premium: 2.17%
Simple Promised Interest Return = Stated Rate + Loan Origination Fee + Risk Premium
Simple Promised Interest Return = 9% + 0.25% + 2.17%
Simple Promised Interest Return = 11.42%
Therefore, this means that for every dollar lent, the borrower is contractually obligated to repay the loan amount plus an additional 11.42% as interest and fees.
b. To calculate the contractually promised gross return on the loan per dollar lent, we need to consider the stated or base rate, the loan origination fee, and the risk premium for a given customer. Let's calculate it step by step:
Stated or base rate: 9%
Loan origination fee: 0.25%
Risk premium: 3.10%
Contractually Promised Gross Return = Stated Rate + Loan Origination Fee + Risk Premium
Contractually Promised Gross Return = 9% + 0.25% + 3.10%
Contractually Promised Gross Return = 12.35%
Therefore, this means that for every dollar lent, the borrower is contractually obligated to repay the loan amount plus an additional 12.35% as interest and fees.
It's important to note that these calculations provide the promised interest return and the contractually promised gross return without considering compounding or any additional costs or factors such as compounding or prepayment penalties. Actual returns and costs may vary based on the specific terms and conditions of the loan agreement.
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On April 1, Jiro Nozomi created a new travel agency, Adventure Travel. The following transactions occurred during the company's first month. April 2 Nozomi invested $41,000 cash and computer equipment worth $30,000 in the company in exchange for its common stock. April 3 The company rented furnished office space by paying $2,200 cash for the first month's (April) rent. April 4 The company purchased $2,000 of office supplies for cash. April 10 The company paid $1,800 cash for a 12-month insurance policy. Coverage begins on April 11. April 14 The company paid $1,600 cash for two weeks' salaries earned by employees. April 24 The company collected $11,500 cash for commissions revenue. April 28 The company paid $1,600 cash for two weeks' salaries earned by employees. April 29 The company paid $250 cash for minor repairs to computer equipment. April 30 The company paid $1,400 cash for this month's telephone bill. April 30 The company paid $1,570 cash in dividends. The company's chart of accounts follows: 101 Cash 106 Accounts Receivable 124 Office Supplies 128 Prepaid Insurance. 167 Computer Equipment 168 Accumulated Depreciation-Computer Equipment 209 Salaries Payable 307 Common Stock 318 Retained Earnings 319 Dividends 403 Commissions Revenue 612 Depreciation Expense-Computer Equipment 622 Salaries Expense 637 Insurance Expense 640 Rent Expense 650 Office Supplies Expense 684 Repairs Expense 688 Telephone Expense 901 Income Summary
Use the following information to prepare adjusting entries: a. Prepaid insurance of $100 expired this month. b. At the end of the month, $800 of office supplies are still available. c. This month's depreciation on computer equipment is $600. d. Employees earned $370 of unpaid and unrecorded salaries as of month-end. e. The company earned $2,150 of commissions revenue that is not yet recorded at month-end. Required: 1. & 2. Prepare journal entries to record the transactions for April and post them to ledger accounts in Requirement 6B GL tab. The company records prepaid and unearned items in balance sheet accounts. 3. Using account balances from Requirement 6B GL tab, prepare an unadjusted trial balance as of April 30. 4. Journalize the adjusting entries for the month, and then post to the ledger on Requirement 6B GL tab, using April 30 Adjusted as the date. 5a. Using adjusted account balances from Requirement 6B GL tab, prepare an adjusted trial balance as of April 30. 5b. Prepare the income statement for the month of April 30. 5c. Prepare the statement of retained earnings for the month of April 30. 5d. Prepare the balance sheet at April 30. 6a. Prepare journal entries to close the temporary accounts and then post to Requirement 6B GL tab, using April 30 Close as the date. 6b. Post the journal entries to the ledger. 7. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.
Journal Entries for April:
April 2:
Debit: Cash (101) $41,000
Debit: Computer Equipment (167) $30,000
Credit: Common Stock (307) $71,000
April 3:
Debit: Rent Expense (640) $2,200
Credit: Cash (101) $2,200
April 4:
Debit: Office Supplies (124) $2,000
Credit: Cash (101) $2,000
April 10:
Debit: Prepaid Insurance (128) $1,800
Credit: Cash (101) $1,800
April 14:
Debit: Salaries Expense (622) $1,600
Credit: Cash (101) $1,600
April 24:
Debit: Cash (101) $11,500
Credit: Commissions Revenue (403) $11,500
April 28:
Debit: Salaries Expense (622) $1,600
Credit: Cash (101) $1,600
April 29:
Debit: Repairs Expense (684) $250
Credit: Cash (101) $250
April 30:
Debit: Telephone Expense (688) $1,400
Credit: Cash (101) $1,400
April 30:
Debit: Dividends (319) $1,570
Credit: Cash (101) $1,570
Explanation:
The journal entries reflect the transactions of Adventure Travel during April.
Each entry records the corresponding debits and credits for the specific transaction, including investments, expenses, revenues, and payments.
Unadjusted Trial Balance as of April 30:
Please refer to the provided table for the unadjusted trial balance.
Adjusting Entries for the month:
Prepaid insurance of $100 expired this month:
Debit: Insurance Expense (637) $100
Credit: Prepaid Insurance (128) $100
$800 of office supplies are still available:
Debit: Office Supplies Expense (650) $800
Credit: Office Supplies (124) $800
Depreciation on computer equipment is $600:
Debit: Depreciation Expense-Computer Equipment (612) $600
Credit: Accumulated Depreciation-Computer Equipment (168) $600
Employees earned $370 of unpaid and unrecorded salaries:
Debit: Salaries Expense (622) $370
Credit: Salaries Payable (209) $370
$2,150 of commissions revenue is not yet recorded:
Debit: Commissions Revenue (403) $2,150
Credit: Income Summary (901) $2,150
5a. Adjusted Trial Balance as of April 30:
Please refer to the provided table for the adjusted trial balance.
5b. Income Statement for the month of April 30:
Commissions Revenue: $11,500
Total Revenue: $11,500
Total Expenses: (Rent Expense: $2,200), (Office Supplies Expense: $800), (Depreciation Expense-Computer Equipment: $600), (Salaries Expense: $2,970), (Insurance Expense: $100), (Repairs Expense: $250), (Telephone Expense: $1,400)
Net Income: $3
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Apple is developing an automatic driving car and wants to understand the target market fit for the same. Using techniques of new product development elaborate on the steps that Apple must follow in the research and development.
Apple can effectively research, develop, and launch their automatic driving car while considering the target market fit and maximizing its chances of success in the market by following Idea Generation, Idea Screening, Concept Development and Testing, Business Analysis, Product Development, Market Testing, Commercialization, and Post-Launch Evaluation.
To understand the target market fit for Apple's automatic driving car, the company can follow a structured approach using the techniques of new product development.
Here are the steps that Apple should consider in their research and development process:
Idea Generation: Apple needs to generate ideas for their automatic driving car by considering various sources such as customer feedback, market research, emerging technologies, and internal brainstorming sessions. This step will help them gather a wide range of potential concepts for the product.Idea Screening: In this step, Apple should evaluate the generated ideas based on criteria such as market potential, technical feasibility, alignment with company goals, and competitive advantage. Ideas that do not meet the necessary criteria should be eliminated to focus on the most promising concepts.Concept Development and Testing: Apple should develop detailed concepts for the automatic driving car, including its features, design, and functionality. These concepts can be tested through various methods such as focus groups, surveys, and prototype testing. Feedback from potential customers and experts can help Apple refine and improve the concepts.Business Analysis: Apple needs to conduct a thorough business analysis to assess the financial viability of the automatic driving car. This includes estimating the potential market size, demand, pricing strategy, manufacturing costs, and expected profitability. The analysis should also consider potential risks and challenges associated with the product.Product Development: Once Apple has gathered sufficient insights from the previous steps, they can proceed with the actual development of the automatic driving car. This involves designing the car's hardware and software components, integrating advanced sensors and AI technologies, and ensuring compliance with safety regulations and standards.Market Testing: Before launching the product on a larger scale, Apple should conduct market tests to gather real-world feedback and assess the target market's response to the automatic driving car. This can involve a limited release in select cities or partnering with transportation companies for pilot programs. The goal is to validate the product's performance, identify potential issues, and make necessary improvements.Commercialization: Based on the results of market testing and feedback, Apple can make final adjustments to the product and proceed with the commercialization phase. This includes setting up production facilities, establishing distribution channels, marketing the product, and creating customer support systems. Apple should also consider strategic partnerships and collaborations to enhance the market reach and acceptance of their automatic driving car.Post-Launch Evaluation: After the product is launched, Apple should continue monitoring its performance and customer feedback. This evaluation will help them identify areas for improvement, assess the product's success in meeting the target market's needs, and make necessary adjustments or updates to enhance the product's value proposition.By following these steps, Apple can effectively research, develop, and launch their automatic driving car while considering the target market fit and maximizing its chances of success in the market.
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St. Blues Technologies' expected (next year) EBIT is $236.00, its tax rate is 38%, depreciation is $76.00, planned capital expenditures are $70.00, and planned INCREASES in net working capital is $43.00. What is the free cash flow to the firm (FCFF)? $ The firm's interest expense is $33.00. Assume the tax rate is 38% and the net debt of the firm INCREASES by $4.00. What is the free cash flow to equity (FCFE)? What is the market value of equity if the FCFE is projected to grow at 2% indefinitely and the cost of equity is 12% ? (Round this answer to 2 decimal places.) $
The free cash flow to the firm (FCFF) is $145.52, the free cash flow to equity (FCFE) is $123.12, and the market value of equity is $1,230.00.
To calculate FCFF, we use the formula:
FCFF = EBIT*(1 - tax rate) + depreciation - capital expenditures - increases in net working capital
Substituting the given values, we get:
FCFF = $236.00*(1 - 0.38) + $76.00 - $70.00 - $43.00
= $145.52
To calculate FCFE, we use the formula:
FCFE = FCFF - interest expense*(1 - tax rate) + net increase in debt
Substituting the given values, we get:
FCFE = $145.52 - $33.00*(1 - 0.38) + $4.00
= $123.12
Finally, to calculate the market value of equity, we use the formula:
Market Value of Equity = FCFE / (cost of equity - growth rate)
Substituting the given values, we get:
Market Value of Equity = $123.12 / (0.12 - 0.02)
= $1,230.00 (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, the free cash flow to the firm (FCFF) is $145.52, the free cash flow to equity (FCFE) is $123.12, and the market value of equity is $1,230.00.
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An employed broker associate must include which of the following facts in advertisement for the sell or lease of real estate property for another? a. the licensed name of the broker employer b. the phone number of the broker employer c. the price of the real property d. the name and phone number of the employed broker associate 71. when must a real estate broker open a sales escrow account a. at the time the broker receives funds to hold for others b. upon application for a brokers license c. immediately upon receiving a brokers license d. before listing property
An employed broker associate must include the following fact in the advertisement for the sale or lease of real estate property for another:
d. the name and phone number of the employed broker associate.
a. at the time the broker receives funds to hold for others.
d. the name and phone number of the employed broker associate. This information is necessary to provide potential clients with the contact details of the specific broker associate who is handling the transaction. It allows interested parties to reach out directly to the employed broker associate for inquiries or further assistance.
Regarding the second question, when a real estate broker must open a sales escrow account, the correct answer is:
a. at the time the broker receives funds to hold for others.
When a broker receives funds from clients or parties involved in a real estate transaction, those funds should be deposited into a sales escrow account. This account is used to hold the funds securely and separately from the broker's personal or business accounts until the transaction is completed or as otherwise specified in the agreement. It helps ensure the proper handling and protection of client funds in compliance with legal and ethical requirements.
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Consider the following hypothesis test: Η 0 :μ 512 H:μ > 12 A sample of 25 provided a sample mean x = 14 and a sample standard deviation ô = 4.32. a. Compute the value of the test statistic b. Use the t distribution table to compute a range for the p-value. c. At a = 0.05 what is your conclusion? d. What is the rejection rule using the critical value? What is your conclusion? 2
Based on the test, at a significance level of 0.05, we have evidence to conclude that the population mean μ is greater than 12.
To compute the value of the test statistic, we can use the formula:
t = (x - μ) / (s / √n)
Where:
x is the sample mean,
μ is the hypothesized population mean under the null hypothesis,
s is the sample standard deviation, and
n is the sample size.
Given:
x = 14,
μ = 12,
s = 4.32,
n = 25.
a. Compute the value of the test statistic:
t = (14 - 12) / (4.32 / √25)
t = 2 / (4.32 / 5)
t = 2 / 0.864
t ≈ 2.315
b. To compute the range for the p-value, we need to find the critical value corresponding to the given significance level. Since a = 0.05, the significance level is 0.05. Since the alternative hypothesis is one-tailed (μ > 12), we need to look for the critical value in the right-tail of the t-distribution.
Using a t-distribution table or statistical software, the critical value for a = 0.05 with 24 degrees of freedom is approximately 1.711.
c. Since the test statistic (t = 2.315) is greater than the critical value (1.711), it falls in the rejection region. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis.
d. The rejection rule using the critical value is as follows: If the test statistic is greater than the critical value, reject the null hypothesis. In this case, the test statistic (t = 2.315) is greater than the critical value (1.711), so we reject the null hypothesis. Conclusion: Based on the test, at a significance level of 0.05, we have evidence to conclude that the population mean μ is greater than 12.
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Item36
Item 36
Healthy Foods Inc. sells 50-pound bags of grapes to the military for $10 a bag. The fixed costs of this operation are $90,000, while the variable costs of grapes are $0.10 per pound.
a. What is the break-even point in bags? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
b. Calculate the profit or loss (EBIT) on 10,000 bags and on 35,000 bags.
c. What is the degree of operating leverage at 24,000 bags and at 35,000 bags? (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
d. If Healthy Foods has an annual interest expense of $15,000, calculate the degree of financial leverage at both 24,000 and 35,000 bags. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
e. What is the degree of combined leverage at both 24,000 and 35,000 bags? (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)
a. To calculate the break-even point in bags, we need to determine the number of bags that need to be sold to cover the total costs. The total cost consists of both the fixed costs and the variable costs per bag.
Fixed costs = $90,000
Variable costs per bag = $0.10 per pound * 50 pounds = $5
Break-even point (in bags) = Fixed costs / (Selling price per bag - Variable costs per bag)
Break-even point = $90,000 / ($10 - $5) = $90,000 / $5 = 18,000 bags
Therefore, the break-even point in bags is 18,000.
b. Profit or loss (EBIT) on 10,000 bags:
Revenue = Selling price per bag * Number of bags sold = $10 * 10,000 = $100,000
Total cost = Fixed costs + Variable costs per bag * Number of bags sold
Total cost = $90,000 + ($0.10 * 50) * 10,000 = $90,000 + $5,000 = $95,000
EBIT = Revenue - Total cost = $100,000 - $95,000 = $5,000
Profit or loss (EBIT) on 35,000 bags:
Revenue = $10 * 35,000 = $350,000
Total cost = $90,000 + ($0.10 * 50) * 35,000 = $90,000 + $175,000 = $265,000
EBIT = Revenue - Total cost = $350,000 - $265,000 = $85,000
c. Degree of operating leverage at 24,000 bags:
Degree of operating leverage = Contribution margin / EBIT
Contribution margin = Revenue - Variable costs
Contribution margin = ($10 * 24,000) - (($0.10 * 50) * 24,000) = $240,000 - $120,000 = $120,000
EBIT = Profit or loss from part b
Degree of operating leverage at 24,000 bags = $120,000 / EBIT (from part b)
Degree of operating leverage at 35,000 bags = $120,000 / EBIT (from part b)
d. Degree of financial leverage at 24,000 bags:
Degree of financial leverage = EBIT / (EBIT - Interest expense)
EBIT = Profit or loss from part b
Interest expense = $15,000
Degree of financial leverage at 24,000 bags = EBIT (from part b) / (EBIT (from part b) - Interest expense)
Degree of financial leverage at 35,000 bags = EBIT (from part b) / (EBIT (from part b) - Interest expense)
e. Degree of combined leverage at 24,000 bags:
Degree of combined leverage = Degree of operating leverage * Degree of financial leverage
Degree of combined leverage at 24,000 bags = Degree of operating leverage at 24,000 bags * Degree of financial leverage at 24,000 bags
Degree of combined leverage at 35,000 bags = Degree of operating leverage at 35,000 bags * Degree of financial leverage at 35,000 bags
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The answer is follow as:
a. The break-even point in bags is 18,000 bags.
b. The profit or loss (EBIT) on 10,000 bags is -$40,000 (loss), and on 35,000 bags is $85,000.
c. The degree of operating leverage (DOL) at 24,000 bags is 0.33, and at 35,000 bags is 2.89.
d. The degree of financial leverage (DFL) at 24,000 bags is 1.07, and at 35,000 bags is 1.07.
e. The degree of combined leverage (DCL) at 24,000 bags is 0.35, and at 35,000 bags is 3.09.
a. The break-even point in bags can be calculated by dividing the total fixed costs by the contribution margin per bag. The contribution margin per bag is the selling price per bag minus the variable cost per bag.
Contribution margin per bag = Selling price per bag - Variable cost per bag
= $10 - ($0.10 x 50)
= $10 - $5
= $5
Break-even point in bags = Total fixed costs / Contribution margin per bag
= $90,000 / $5
= 18,000 bags
b. To calculate the profit or loss (EBIT) on 10,000 bags and 35,000 bags, we need to consider the total revenue and total costs.
Total revenue on 10,000 bags = 10,000 bags x $10 = $100,000
Total revenue on 35,000 bags = 35,000 bags x $10 = $350,000
Total variable costs on 10,000 bags = 10,000 bags x ($0.10 x 50) = $50,000
Total variable costs on 35,000 bags = 35,000 bags x ($0.10 x 50) = $175,000
Total fixed costs = $90,000
EBIT on 10,000 bags = Total revenue - Total variable costs - Total fixed costs
= $100,000 - $50,000 - $90,000
= -$40,000 (loss)
EBIT on 35,000 bags = Total revenue - Total variable costs - Total fixed costs
= $350,000 - $175,000 - $90,000
= $85,000
c. The degree of operating leverage (DOL) can be calculated as the percentage change in EBIT divided by the percentage change in sales. It measures the sensitivity of EBIT to changes in sales.
DOL at 24,000 bags = (EBIT at 24,000 bags - EBIT at break-even point) / (EBIT at break-even point)
= (($10 x 24,000) - ($0.10 x 50 x 24,000) - $90,000) / (-$90,000)
= 0.33
DOL at 35,000 bags = (EBIT at 35,000 bags - EBIT at break-even point) / (EBIT at break-even point)
= (($10 x 35,000) - ($0.10 x 50 x 35,000) - $90,000) / (-$90,000)
= 2.89
d. The degree of financial leverage (DFL) can be calculated as the percentage change in EBIT divided by the percentage change in earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) due to interest expense.
DFL at 24,000 bags = (EBIT at 24,000 bags - Interest expense) / (EBIT at 24,000 bags)
= (($10 x 24,000) - ($0.10 x 50 x 24,000) - $90,000) / (($10 x 24,000) - ($0.10 x 50 x 24,000) - $90,000 - $15,000)
= 1.07
DFL at 35,000 bags = (EBIT at 35,000 bags - Interest expense) / (EBIT at 35,000 bags)
= (($10 x 35,000) - ($0.10 x 50 x 35,000) - $90,000) / (($10 x 35,000) - ($0.10 x 50 x 35,000) - $90,000 - $15,000)
= 1.07
e. The degree of combined leverage (DCL) is the product of the degree of operating leverage (DOL) and the degree of financial leverage (DFL).
DCL at 24,000 bags = DOL at 24,000 bags x DFL at 24,000 bags
= 0.33 x 1.07
= 0.35
DCL at 35,000 bags = DOL at 35,000 bags x DFL at 35,000 bags
= 2.89 x 1.07
= 3.09
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Jupiter Manufacturing Co. bought equipment for $5 million. It will depreciate the equipment on a straight-line basis to a salvage value of 0 over 5 years. Four years after the purchase, it sells the equipment for $2 million. The corporate tax rate is 21%. What is the after-tax salvage value of this equipment? $1.00 million $1.79 million $0.79 million $1.58 million $2.00 million
The after-tax salvage value of the equipment is $1.79 million.
The after-tax salvage value of the equipment can be determined by considering the tax implications of the sale.
First, let's calculate the accumulated depreciation up to the point of sale.
Since the equipment depreciates on a straight-line basis over 5 years, the annual depreciation expense is $5 million divided by 5, which is $1 million.
After 4 years, the accumulated depreciation is 4 times the annual depreciation, which is $4 million.
The book value of the equipment at the time of sale is the original cost minus accumulated depreciation, which is $5 million minus $4 million, equaling $1 million.
Next, we need to calculate the taxable gain or loss on the sale. The selling price is $2 million, and the book value is $1 million, resulting in a taxable gain of $1 million.
Applying the corporate tax rate of 21% to the taxable gain, we find that the tax liability is $1 million multiplied by 21%, which equals $0.21 million.
Finally, subtracting the tax liability from the selling price gives us the after-tax salvage value: $2 million minus $0.21 million equals $1.79 million.
Therefore, the after-tax salvage value of the equipment is $1.79 million.
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For the same service level, which of the following inventory systems would result in the most safety stock?
A.. Continuous review, lead time = 11days, average time between orders = 2 days
B Periodic review, lead time = 3 days, review period = 10 days
C. Periodic review, lead time = 7 days, review period = 8 days
D. Periodic review, lead time = 10 days, review period = 1 days
E. Continuous review, lead time = 8 days, average time between orders = 16 days
E. Continuous review, lead time = 8 days, average time between orders = 16 days, would result in the most safety stock.
To determine which inventory system would result in the most safety stock among the options provided, we need to analyze the characteristics of each system.
A) Continuous review, lead time = 11 days, average time between orders = 2 days:
In this system, orders are placed continuously based on the inventory level reaching a specific reorder point.
The lead time is 11 days, and the average time between orders is 2 days.
Since the average time between orders is shorter than the lead time, the system maintains a smaller safety stock since orders are placed more frequently.
B) Periodic review, lead time = 3 days, review period = 10 days:
With a periodic review system, orders are placed at fixed intervals, regardless of the inventory level.
The lead time is 3 days, and the review period is 10 days.
Since the review period is longer than the lead time, this system requires a larger safety stock to cover demand during the longer gap between orders.
C) Periodic review, lead time = 7 days, review period = 8 days:
Similar to the previous option, this system has a longer review period (8 days) than the lead time (7 days).
Therefore, it would also require a larger safety stock compared to option A.
D) Periodic review, lead time = 10 days, review period = 1 day:
In this system, the review period is significantly shorter than the lead time.
This means that the inventory is reviewed every day, and orders are placed accordingly.
Since the review period is shorter than the lead time, this system would have a smaller safety stock compared to options B and C.
E) Continuous review, lead time = 8 days, average time between orders = 16 days:
Here, the average time between orders (16 days) is longer than the lead time (8 days).
As a result, the system would maintain a larger safety stock compared to option A since orders are placed less frequently.
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Purchasing Power Parity (either absolute or relative) is an accurate description of how Foreign Exchange (FX) markets interact with prices in the short run. (T/F)
（2）Fisher's real interest rate parity is generally a better approximation to reality than Fisher's nominal interest rate parity. (T/F)
1. Purchasing Power Parity (either absolute or relative) is an accurate description of how Foreign Exchange (FX) markets interact with prices in the short run. (T/F)True. Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an economic theory used to estimate the amount of adjustment required in the exchange rate between two currencies in order for the exchange.
According to PPP, foreign exchange (FX) markets interact with prices in the short run by ensuring that the exchange rate between two currencies is equal to the ratio of the two countries' price levels. The PPP theory states that, in the long run, the exchange rate should eventually equalize the purchasing power of the two currencies by adjusting the price level in each country.2. Fisher's real interest rate parity is generally a better approximation to reality than Fisher's nominal interest rate parity. (T/F)True. Fisher's Real Interest Rate Parity (RIRP) is generally considered a better approximation of reality than Fisher's Nominal Interest Rate Parity (NIRP). This is due to the fact that NIRP ignores the impact of inflation on the real interest rate and simply assumes that the nominal interest rate is equal to the expected inflation rate. RIRP, on the other hand, takes into account both inflation rates in two countries and states that the difference in real interest rates between two countries should be equal to the expected appreciation of the exchange rate. Therefore, Fisher's real interest rate parity is considered a better approximation to reality than Fisher's nominal interest rate parity.
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Alternate facts for case Williams v Roffey
The claimants Williams contracted with the defendant Roffey to do carpentry work in a subcontract for a construction project involving refurbishment of a block of flats for which Roffey was the main or general contractor. The subcontracted carpentry work was running late and so the defendants, concerned that the job might not be finished on time and that they would likely have to pay under a penalty clause in the main contract, agreed to pay the claimant an extra £ 10,300 to ensure the work was completed on time. In response, the claimants Wiliams undertook to complete the work one week early than they were obligated to under the first subcontract between the parties. The defendant Roffey later refused to pay the extra amount to Roffee even though the carpentry work had been completed on time.
[a] Which legal rule need be applied to resolve the legal issue over whether the extra £ 10,300 is due and payable? Identify that legal rule. (Rule must be based on consideration theory. Otherwise, zero marks will be awarded for the whole question set.)
[b] Applying that rule identified above, according to the Common law, would the £ 10,300 be due and payable? Explain referencing appropriate legal theory derived from that rule. [Note: answers that do not utilize the rule identified in [a] above will received ZERO credit.]
[c] Williams maintains that Roffee bought "insurance" in the form of "peace of mind" in consideration for that consideration of £ 10,300. Using relevant legal theory, present an argument that refutes that contention. [Note: answers that do not utilize relevant legal theory will received ZERO credit.]
The extra payment of £10,300 in Williams v Roffey is due and payable based on valid consideration, refuting the "insurance" argument.
[a] The legal rule that needs to be applied to resolve the legal issue over whether the extra £10,300 is due and payable is the rule of consideration.
[b] According to the Common law, the £10,300 would be due and payable. The rule of consideration states that if one party makes a promise to another party and the other party provides something of value in return, then there is a valid consideration. In this case, Roffey promised to pay the additional amount to Williams in order to ensure the completion of the carpentry work on time. Williams, in turn, undertook to complete the work one week earlier than required. This exchange of promises constitutes valid consideration, and therefore, Roffey is obligated to pay the extra amount.
[c] Refuting the contention that Roffey bought "insurance" in the form of "peace of mind," the legal theory of consideration can be used. According to this theory, consideration must consist of something of value that is bargained for and exchanged between the parties. "Peace of mind" is a subjective feeling and does not qualify as a legal consideration. In this case, the consideration provided by Williams was completing the work early, which is a tangible and measurable benefit. Therefore, the argument that Roffey bought "insurance" or "peace of mind" does not hold legal weight under the theory of consideration.
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Your bank offers you a special promotion where you can invest $250 a month for 5 years and earn 4%/a interest compounded monthly. If you accept the promotion, what is the total amount of the investment at the end of its term? Lump Sum OR Annuity Present Value OR Future Value
The total amount of the investment at the end of its term is $24,017.83.
Principal, P = $250 per month
Rate of interest, r = 4% per annum
Compounding period, n = 12 per annum
Time period, t = 5 years
Number of compounding periods, T = n × t = 12 × 5 = 60
Formula used: Future value of an annuity is
FV = (PMT × [{(1 + r)n - 1} / r]) × (1 + r)T
Where, FV = Future value of an annuity PM, T = Periodic payment, r = Rate of interest, n = Number of compounding periods, T = Time period
Let's put the values in the above formula:
FV = ($250 × [{(1 + 0.04 / 12)60 - 1} / (0.04 / 12)]) × (1 + 0.04 / 12)60FV = ($250 × [{(1.00333)60 - 1} / 0.00333]) × 1.21839FV = ($250 × [79.0586]) × 1.21839FV = $19,764.41 × 1.21839FV = $24,017.83
Therefore, the total amount of the investment at the end of its term is $24,017.83.
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the aggregate demand curve is downward sloping because group of answer choices an increase in the price level will cause an increase in spending on goods and services. at lower price levels, real wealth decreases, causing a decrease in the quantity demanded of goods and services. at lower price levels, interest rates increase, causing a decrease in the quantity demanded of goods and services. at lower price levels, net exports increase, causing an increase in quantity demanded of goods and services.
The correct answer is: at lower price levels, real wealth decreases, causing a decrease in the quantity demanded of goods and services.The aggregate demand curve is downward sloping because of the wealth effect.
When the price level decreases, the purchasing power of individuals' wealth increases. This increase in real wealth leads to a higher level of consumption spending, as people feel more financially secure and are willing to spend more on goods and services. Conversely, when the price level increases, the purchasing power of individuals' wealth decreases, resulting in a decrease in consumption spending.
The other statements you provided are not accurate explanations for the downward slope of the aggregate demand curve: - An increase in the price level does not cause an increase in spending on goods and services. In fact, it generally leads to a decrease in spending due to the decrease in real wealth and the higher cost of goods and services.
- Lower price levels do not necessarily cause interest rates to increase. Changes in interest rates are influenced by various factors such as monetary policy, inflation expectations, and market conditions. It is not a direct determinant of the quantity demanded of goods and services.
- Lower price levels do not necessarily cause net exports to increase. Net exports depend on a variety of factors such as exchange rates, domestic and foreign income levels, trade policies, and relative price levels between countries. While changes in price levels can impact net exports indirectly, they are not the sole determinant of quantity demanded of goods and services.
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a chart of accounts is usually a listing of accounts in financial statement order.
t
f
The statement "a chart of accounts is usually a listing of accounts in financial statement order" is false.
A chart of accounts is a list of all the accounts utilized by an organization. A chart of accounts is typically categorized into five categories: Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Income, and Expenses. A chart of accounts (COA) is a listing of all the accounts utilized by an organization. It is a comprehensive list of accounts that categorizes every financial transaction performed by a company. The chart of accounts is utilized by an organization's accounting software to organize financial transactions in the company's general ledger. Each account in the chart of accounts is designated a number, and each account is used for a specific purpose. Charts of accounts are utilized by a variety of organizations, including non-profits, sole proprietorships, small and large corporations, and governmental agencies, to name a few.a
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Question 3 A company that uses activity-based costing (ABC) manufactures several products and has the
following activities:
Activity
Workers assemble
products
1) Activity
Level
2) Activity
Measure
3) Put an 'x' in one column
for each Activity
Transaction
Driver
Duration
Driver
Monthly advertising flyers
are emailed to existing
customers
New product lines are
developed
Equipment is adjusted
between production runs
of different products
Offices are cleaned
Required (use the table provided below):
1. Classify each of the activities according to activity level (unit, batch, product, customer, or
organization-sustaining). 2. Provide one example of an activity measure for each activity if applicable. (2.5 marks)
3. Indicate whether the activity measure that you provided in Part 2 is a transaction driver or a
duration driver. (2.5 marks)
1. Classifying the activities according to activity level and activity measure:
ActivityActivity LevelActivity Measure
Workers assemble productsUnitNumber of units
Monthly advertising flyers are emailed to existing customers Organisation-SustainingNumber of existing customers
New product lines are developedBatchNumber of new product lines
Equipment is adjusted between production runs of different products. Batch Number of production runs
Offices are cleanedOrganisation-SustainingSquare footage of office space
2. An activity measure for each activity is provided above.
3. Transaction driver or duration driver of the activity measure that is provided in Part 2:
ActivityTransaction Driver or Duration Driver
Workers assemble productsDuration Driver
Monthly advertising flyers are emailed to existing customersTransaction Driver
New product lines are developedDuration Driver
Equipment is adjusted between production runs of different productsDuration Driver
Offices are cleanedTransaction Driver
The transaction driver calculates the total cost of an activity by taking the number of transactions that occur. This measures the frequency or level of activity. Duration drivers are used to estimate the total cost of activities that consume resources in proportion to the length of time they take place.
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After-Tax Cash Flows Below is a list of aspects of various capital...
After-Tax Cash Flows
Below is a list of aspects of various capital expenditure proposals that the capital budgeting team of Anchor, Inc., has incorporated into its net present value analyses during the past year. Unless otherwise noted, the items listed are unrelated to each other. All situations assume a 40% income tax rate and an 11% minimum desired rate of return.
1. Pre-tax savings of $4,000 in cash expenses will occur in each of the next three years.
2. A machine is purchased now for $43,000 cash.
3. A long-haul tractor costing $33,000 will be depreciated $11,000, $14,600, $4,900, and $2,500, respectively, on the tax return over four years.
4. Equipment costing $210,000 will be depreciated over five years on the tax return in the following amounts: $26,250 $52,500 $52,500 $52,500 and $26,250.
5. Pre-tax savings of $9,800 in cash expenses will occur in each of the next six years.
6. Pre-tax savings of $8,000 in cash expenses will occur in the first, third, and fifth years from now.
7. The tractor described in aspect 3 will be sold after four years for $6,000 cash.
8. The equipment described in aspect 4 will be sold after four years for $21,000 cash.
a. Calculate and record in column A the related after-tax cash flow effect(s).
b. Indicate in column B the timing of each cash flow shown in column A. Use 0 to indicate immediately and 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on for each year involved. The answer to investment aspect 1 is presented as an example.
Use negative signs with answers that are cash outflows.
Under Column B, select the appropriate year for the timing of each cash flow using the drop down menu.
A B Investment
Aspect After-tax Inflows/ (Outflows) Year(s) of
Cash Flow Effect(s) Cash Flow
1 $ 2,400 1
2,400 2
2,400 3
2 4
5
6
7
8
Here is the calculation of the after-tax cash flow for the investment aspects:
The Calculations| Investment Aspect | After-tax Inflows/(Outflows) | Year(s) of Cash Flow Effect(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | $2,400 | 1, 2, 3 |
| 2 | -$43,000 | 0 |
| 3 | -$11,000 (1) $3,200 (2) $6,400 (3) $1,600 (4) | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| 4 | -$26,250 (1) $105,000 (2) $105,000 (3) $105,000 (4) $26,250 (5) | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
| 5 | $58,800 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |
| 6 | $24,000 | 1, 3, 5 |
| 7 | $6,000 | 4 |
| 8 | $21,000 | 4 |
The calculation was done by first calculating the depreciation expense for each asset, then multiplying that expense by the tax rate to find the tax savings.
The tax savings was then added to the pre-tax cash flow to find the after-tax cash flow.
The timing of the cash flows was determined by the year in which the asset was purchased or sold.
For example, the machine in investment aspect 2 was purchased immediately, so the cash flow is negative $43,000 in year 0.
The tractor in investment aspect 3 will be sold after four years, so the cash flow is positive $6,000 in year 4.
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The factors that affect service capacity include all of the following except services capacity customer proximity customer satisfaction demand volatility
The decoupling point occurs at the of \( a(n)
The factors that affect service capacity include all of the following except customer satisfaction.
Explanation:
The factors that affect service capacity are generally related to the operational aspects of delivering a service. These factors include:
1. Service Demand: The level of demand for the service influences the required capacity. Higher demand may require increased capacity to meet customer needs.
2. Service Process Efficiency: The efficiency of the service process affects capacity. Streamlining processes, reducing bottlenecks, and improving workflow can increase the overall service capacity.
3. Service Time: The time required to deliver the service impacts capacity. Longer service times can limit the number of customers served within a given timeframe.
4. Staffing Levels: The number and skill levels of staff members influence service capacity. Sufficient staffing is necessary to handle customer demand effectively.
5. Infrastructure and Equipment: The availability and functionality of infrastructure and equipment affect service capacity. Up-to-date technology and appropriate resources can enhance capacity.
6. Customer Proximity: The proximity of customers to the service location can impact capacity. Customers located nearby may have easier access and shorter waiting times, potentially affecting overall capacity.
7. Demand Volatility: The variability or unpredictability of demand can impact capacity planning. Fluctuations in demand may require adjustments in capacity to meet customer needs effectively.
However, customer satisfaction, while crucial for the success of a service-oriented business, is not directly related to service capacity. Customer satisfaction focuses on meeting or exceeding customer expectations and delivering a high-quality service experience. While it can influence customer demand, it is not a factor that directly affects the capacity of service delivery.
Regarding the mention of the "decoupling point" in the question, it seems incomplete, as there is no context provided to understand what "a(n)" represents in this context. If you could provide more information or clarify the question, I would be happy to assist further.
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can i please get an answer asap it's due in about 2 hours? i mostly need part 2
CASE STUDY ON INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
Company Introduction: Pacific Semiconductors, Inc. (PACSEM)
Pacific Semiconductors, Inc. (PACSEM) came into being in February 1988, being the newest addition to the booming Philippine electronic industry. The company is primarily involved in contractual assembly work for the semiconductor industry. It is housed in a 70,000 square foot assembly house in Taguig, Metro Manila.
The facility boasts of the latest in equipment technology and facility to satisfy the myriad demand of the industry. PACSEM manufactures microchips such as PDIPs, CERDIPs, Flat Packs, and Metal Cans. processed through a climate controlled assembly house located in its plant in Taguig. PACSEM boasts of being a full SPC assembly house which makes quality its "first priority".
Case Introduction:
One of the most critical phase in the production of microchips is the wire bonding stage. Due to its high conductivity, gold wires are used for this purpose. Gold wires (purity of 99.99%) are sold in spools as shown below. The spools are attached to the wire bonders which uses the gold wire to connect the circuits inside a microchip.
There are few suppliers of gold wire and they are all overseas.
PART I
At the start of its operation, PACSEM estimated that the annual demand for gold wire is about 30000 spools, with a holding cost of $ 18 per unit per year and a set-up and order cost of $ 112.50 per order. It takes 4 days to receive an order from the supplier and the company operates 300 days per year on a 24/7 shifting schedule.
What is the EOQ?
What is the average inventory?
What is the annual inventory holding cost?
How many orders should be made per year?
What is the annual order cost?
What is the total cost of managing the inventory?
What is the time between orders?
What is the ROP?
The EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) is the optimum amount of stock to order at one time to minimize the sum of ordering, holding, and stock-out costs.
The Economic Order Quantity for PACSEM is calculated as follows:EOQ = √ [(2DS)/H]Where:D = Annual demandS = Set up costH = Annual holding costUsing the figures provided, we can calculate as follows:EOQ = √ [(2 × 30000 × 112.5) / 18]= √ [(2 × 3375000) / 18]= √ 375000= 612.37 ≈ 612 spools (rounded off to the nearest whole number)
Average Inventory= (EOQ/2) = (612/2) = 306 spools
Annual inventory holding cost= (Average Inventory) × (Holding cost per unit per year)= 306 × $ 18= $ 5508 per year
Number of orders to be made per year= (Annual demand) / (EOQ)= 30000 / 612= 49.02 ≈ 49 orders per year
Annual ordering cost= (Number of orders per year) × (Set-up and order cost per order)= 49 × $ 112.50= $ 5512.50
Total cost of managing inventory= (Annual inventory holding cost) + (Annual ordering cost)= $ 5508 + $ 5512.50= $ 11020.50
Time between orders= (Number of operating days per year) / (Number of orders per year)= 300 / 49= 6.12 ≈ 6 days (rounded off to the nearest whole number)ROP (Reorder Point) = (Lead time demand) + (Safety stock)= (D/ N) × L + z σ
LWhere:D = Annual demand N = Number of working days per yearL = Lead timez = Z-value for the desired service levelσ = Standard deviation of lead time demand. As the lead time is given as 4 days, the lead time demand can be calculated as follows:L = (D / N) × Ld= (30000/300) × 4= 400 σ = 50 (assuming a safety stock of one day's demand, which is 100 spools)z-value for a 95% service level is 1.645 (from a standard normal distribution table)ROP = 400 + (1.645 × 50)= 481.25 ≈ 481 spools (rounded off to the nearest whole number). Therefore, the ROP is 481 spools.
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What is the definition of 'small business' in Canada and Alberta? Be sure to include your sources.
In Canada, a small business is generally defined as a company with fewer than 100 employees. However, the specific criteria may vary depending on the industry and the province.
In Alberta, for example, a small business is defined as having fewer than 50 employees. These definitions are provided by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) and the Alberta Government.
The CRA further categorizes small businesses based on their annual revenue. In Canada, small businesses are classified as either micro, small, or medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based on their revenue thresholds. These thresholds are adjusted annually and can be found on the CRA website.
It's important to note that these definitions are used for various purposes, including taxation and government support programs. Different definitions may exist for specific programs or industries.
For more specific information, it is recommended to consult the CRA website or contact the relevant government authorities in Alberta.
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Prepare a timesimcion map loe getting a thos shine uring the stops bulson 1. Custoener provides instucisona (5,sec) 2. Dperalor trushes shoes (10 ace) 3 Cperalor cleans shoes {30 sine ) 4. Oporator apilos polish (35 sec) 6. Operator bufis shoes (45 sec) 5. Operalor requsts approval and naymere (5 sec) 7. Custnmes pays and tipe (20) sev) B. C. D. 145sec
5sec.10sec.30sec.30sec.
Time-Simulation map for getting a shoe shine during the stops bulson:In the given scenario, the operator provides a shoe-shining service to customers.
The below map shows the activities that happen in the given sequence of steps:Step 1: Customer provides instructions (5 seconds)Step 2: Operator brushes shoes (10 seconds)Step 3: Operator cleans shoes (30 seconds)Step 4: Operator applies polish (35 seconds)Step 5: Operator requests approval and name (5 seconds)Step 6: Operator buffs shoes (45 seconds)Step 7: Customer pays and tips (20 seconds)Total time taken in all these steps is given below:Step 1: 5 secondsStep 2: 10 secondsStep 3: 30 secondsStep 4: 35 secondsStep 5: 5 secondsStep 6: 45 secondsStep 7: 20 secondsTherefore, total time taken to complete the shoe-shining activity is given below:5 + 10 + 30 + 35 + 5 + 45 + 20 = 150 secondsThus, the shoe-shining activity takes 150 seconds or 2.5 minutes to complete.
As seen from the time-simulation map above, there are several steps involved in providing a shoe-shining service to customers. Each step has its own time duration, and the total time taken to complete the activity is the sum of all these durations. The operator needs to be efficient in carrying out these steps to ensure that customers are satisfied with the service and there are no delays in the process.
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Megan Murray wishes to buy a boat in five years that presently costs $225,000. She expects the cost of the boat to increase due to inflation by 8% per year for the next two years and 9% per year the following three years. She also wants to spend $75,000 per year for 6 years beginning at the end of 10 years from today. How much must she save each year for the next 5 years if she can earn 6% on her investments?
a. $109,179.63
b. $112,112.93
C. $108,898.97
d. $104,683.64
e. None of these are correct
The correct answer is not among the options provided. The correct amount Megan must save each year is approximately $404,561.02.
To calculate the amount Megan must save each year for the next 5 years, we can break down the problem into two parts: saving for the boat and saving for the $75,000 annual expenses.
1. Saving for the boat:
The cost of the boat increases at a rate of 8% per year for the first two years and 9% per year for the following three years. To find the future value of the boat's cost after 5 years, we can use the future value of a single sum formula:
FV = PV * (1 + r)^n
Where:
PV = Present value of the boat ($225,000)
r = Annual interest rate (6%)
n = Number of years (5)
FV = $225,000 * (1 + 0.06)^5 = $225,000 * (1.06)^5 = $303,682.50
2. Saving for the $75,000 annual expenses:
To find the future value of the $75,000 annual expenses, we can use the future value of an ordinary annuity formula:
FV = PMT * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r
Where:
PMT = Annual payment ($75,000)
r = Annual interest rate (6%)
n = Number of years (6)
FV = $75,000 * [(1 + 0.06)^6 - 1] / 0.06 = $75,000 * (1.418519 - 1) / 0.06 = $176,111.90
Now, we need to calculate the total amount Megan must save each year for the next 5 years. We'll use the present value of an ordinary annuity formula:
PV = PMT * [1 - (1 + r)^(-n)] / r
Where:
PV = Present value of the savings needed
PMT = Annual payment
r = Annual interest rate (6%)
n = Number of years (5)
PV = ($303,682.50 + $176,111.90) * [1 - (1 + 0.06)^(-5)] / 0.06 = $479,794.40 * (1 - 0.747258) / 0.06 = $479,794.40 * 0.252742 / 0.06 = $479,794.40 * 4.21237 = $2,022,805.11
Finally, we divide the present value by the number of years (5) to find the amount Megan must save each year:
Annual saving = $2,022,805.11 / 5 = $404,561.02
The correct answer is not among the options provided. The correct amount Megan must save each year is approximately $404,561.02.
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The Megan must save approximately $84,703.70 each year for the next 5 years to achieve her financial goals (option E).
To calculate the amount Megan must save each year for the next 5 years, we need to consider the future cost of the boat and the future cash outflows for her annual expenses.
First, let's calculate the future cost of the boat. The cost of the boat will increase by 8% for the first two years and 9% for the following three years. Using compound interest, the future cost of the boat after 5 years can be calculated as follows:
Future cost of the boat = $225,000 * (1 + 0.08)^2 * (1 + 0.09)^3 = $334,857.94
Next, Megan plans to spend $75,000 per year for 6 years starting at the end of 10 years from today. We can calculate the present value of these cash outflows using the formula for the present value of an annuity:
Present value of cash outflows = $75,000 * (1 - (1 + 0.06)^(-6)) / 0.06 = $356,504.80
To find out how much Megan must save each year for the next 5 years, we need to find the present value of these savings using the formula for the present value of an annuity:
Present value of savings = X * (1 - (1 + 0.06)^(-5)) / 0.06 = X * 4.2123
Now, we can set up an equation to solve for X:
$356,504.80 = X * 4.2123
X = $84,703.70
Therefore, none of the provided options is correct The correct option is E.
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Nike, Incorporated, with headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon, is one of the world's leading manufacturers of athletic shoes and sports apparel. The following activities occurred during a recent year. The amounts are rounded to millions, except for par value. a. Purchased additional buildings for $184 and equipment for $250; paid $404 in cash and signed a long-term note for the rest. b. Issued 80 shares of $2 par value common stock for $345 cash. c. Declared $135 in dividends to be paid in the following year. d. Purchased additional short-term investments for $7,716 cash. e. Several Nike investors sold their own stock to other investors on the stock exchange for $92. f. Sold $4,313 in short-term investments for $4,313 in cash. g. Borrowed $6.124 from a bank; signed a note due in 20 years. h. Repurchased its common stock for $3,147 in cash
Required: For each of the events (a) through (h). perform transaction analysis and indicate the account and amounts. Check that the accounting equation remains in balance after each transaction. Note: Enter decreases to an element of the balance sheet with a minus sign. If no impact on the accounting equation leave cells blank. Enter your answers in millions, (for example, 5.5 million should be entered as 5.5 rather than 5,500,000).
a. Buildings: -$184m, Equipment: -$250m, Cash: -$404m, Notes Payable: +$434m b. Cash: +$345m, Common Stock: +$160m, Additional Paid-in Capital: +$185m
c. Retained Earnings: -$135m, Dividends Payable: +$135m
d. Short-term Investments: +$7,716m, Cash: -$7,716m
e. No impact
f. Cash: +$4,313m, Short-term Investments: -$4,313m
g. Cash: +$6,124m, Notes Payable: +$6,124m
h. Treasury Stock: +$3,147m, Cash: -$3,147m
a. Purchased additional buildings and equipment:
- Buildings: -$184 million (Increase in Buildings)
- Equipment: -$250 million (Increase in Equipment)
- Cash: -$404 million (Decrease in Cash)
- Notes Payable: +$434 million (Increase in Notes Payable)
b. Issued common stock for cash:
- Cash: +$345 million (Increase in Cash)
- Common Stock: +$160 million (Increase in Common Stock)
- Additional Paid-in Capital: +$185 million (Increase in Additional Paid-in Capital)
c. Declared dividends:
- Retained Earnings: -$135 million (Decrease in Retained Earnings)
- Dividends Payable: +$135 million (Increase in Dividends Payable)
d. Purchased short-term investments:
- Short-term Investments: +$7,716 million (Increase in Short-term Investments)
- Cash: -$7,716 million (Decrease in Cash)
e. Sale of stock by investors:
- No impact on the accounting equation.
f. Sold short-term investments:
- Cash: +$4,313 million (Increase in Cash)
- Short-term Investments: -$4,313 million (Decrease in Short-term Investments)
g. Borrowed from the bank:
- Cash: +$6,124 million (Increase in Cash)
- Notes Payable: +$6,124 million (Increase in Notes Payable)
h. Repurchased common stock:
- Treasury Stock: +$3,147 million (Increase in Treasury Stock)
- Cash: -$3,147 million (Decrease in Cash)
The accounting equation remains in balance after each transaction as the total assets equal the total liabilities and equity.
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Name three focus areas that are different when managing a
project vs managing a portfolio of projects.
The three focus areas that differ when managing a project vs managing a portfolio of projects include resource management, cost management, and budget management.
Managing a project is different from managing a portfolio of projects. Here are three focus areas that differ in these two types of management:Budget: Managing a single project means focusing on budget management. A portfolio of projects requires a different approach as a portfolio contains several projects with different funding requirements.
Resource management: Resource management is an essential element for both single and multiple project management. In single project management, resource management includes managing time and personnel for the specific project.
In managing multiple projects, resource management involves managing and allocating resources for each project.Cost management: Cost management in project management involves determining, approving, and tracking budgets. Portfolio management involves determining and tracking costs and financial benefits at the portfolio level instead of individual project levels.
In conclusion, the three focus areas that differ when managing a project vs managing a portfolio of projects include resource management, cost management, and budget management.
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You have developed a smartphone application which investors believe will be valued at either $8 million or $12 million in one year, with both outcomes equally likely.
To launch the application, you will need $4 million in initial capital. The project’s cost of capital is 10%. Assume perfect capital markets.
a) Suppose that to raise the funds for the initial investment, the project is sold to investors as an all-equity firm. 1 million shares will be created, and shareholders will be entitled to the cash flows of the project (either $8 or $12 million) in one year. What is the market value of one share of the (unlevered) equity for this project?
b) A financial advisor suggests that instead of raising the funds only from equity, you should take a $2 million loan with an interest rate of 6%. If you did, what would the cost of capital for the firm’s levered equity be?
a) The market value of one share of the (unlevered) equity for this project is $10.
b) The cost of capital for the firm's levered equity would be 13/15 or approximately 0.8667 is approximately 0.87 when rounded to two decimal places.
If the project is sold to investors as an all-equity firm, the market value of one share of the (unlevered) equity can be determined by dividing the total market value of the equity by the number of shares created.
Since the project's outcomes are equally likely, we can calculate the expected market value of the equity by taking the average of the two possible outcomes:
Expected market value of equity = (Value if $8 million + Value if $12 million) / 2
= ($8 million + $12 million) / 2
= $20 million / 2
= $10 million
Market value of one share of equity = Expected market value of equity / Number of shares
= $10 million / 1 million
= $10
b) If you decide to take a $2 million loan with an interest rate of 6%, the capital structure of the firm will include both debt and equity.
To calculate the cost of capital for the firm's levered equity, we need to consider the weights and costs of both debt and equity.
Given that the total capital raised is $4 million (initial capital) + $2 million (loan), which equals $6 million, and the equity portion remains at $4 million, the weights can be calculated as follows:
Weight of debt (D/V) = Debt / Total capital
= $2 million / $6 million
= 1/3
Weight of equity (E/V) = Equity / Total capital
= $4 million / $6 million
= 2/3
The cost of equity (Re) remains at 10% as given.
The cost of debt (Rd) is the interest rate on the loan, which is 6%.
The cost of capital for the firm's levered equity (Ke) can be calculated using the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) formula:
Ke = (E/V) × Re + (D/V) × Rd
= (2/3) × 10% + (1/3) × 6%
= 20/30 + 6/30
= 26/30
= 13/15
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Leader Enterprises Ltd. follows IFRS and has provided the following information:
1. In 2019, Leader was sued in a patent infringement suit, and in 2020, Leader lost the court case. Leader must now pay a competitor $50,000 to settle the suit. No previous entries had been recorded in the books relative to this case because Leader’s management felt the company would win.
2. A review of the company’s provision for uncollectible accounts during 2020 resulted in a determination that 1.5% of sales is the appropriate amount of bad debt expense to be charged to operations, rather than the 2% used for the preceding two years. Bad debt expense recognized in 2019 and 2018 was $33,200 and $15,000, respectively. The company would have recorded $18,000 of bad debt expense under the old rate for 2020. No entry has yet been made in 2020 for bad debt expense.
3. Leader acquired land on January 1, 2017, at a cost of $70,000. The land was charged to the equipment account in error and has been depreciated since then on the basis of a five-year life with no residual value, using the straight-line method. Leader has already recorded the related 2020 depreciation expense using the straight-line method.
4. During 2020, the company changed from the double-declining-balance method of depreciation for its building to the straight-line method because of a change in the pattern of benefits received. The building cost $1,400,000 to build in early 2018, and no residual value is expected after its 40-year life. Total depreciation under both methods for the past three years is as follows. Double-declining-balance depreciation has been recorded for 2020.
Straight-Line Double-Declining-Balance
2018 $35,000 $70,000 2019 35,000 66,500 2020 35,000 63,175 5. Late in 2020, Leader determined that a piece of specialized equipment purchased in January 2017 at a cost of $80,000 with an estimated useful life of five years and residual value of $6,400 is now expected to continue in use until the end of 2024 and have a residual value of $4,000 at that time. The company has been using straight-line depreciation for this equipment, and depreciation for 2020 has already been recognized based on the original estimates.
6. The company has determined that a $425,000 note payable that it issued in 2018 has been incorrectly classified on its statement of financial position. The note is payable in annual instalments of $50,000, but the full amount of the note has been shown as a long-term liability with no portion shown in current liabilities. Interest expense relating to the note has been properly recorded.
Part 1
For each of the accounting changes, errors, or transactions, present the journal entries that Leader needs to make to correct or adjust the accounts, assuming the accounts for 2020 have not yet been closed. Ignore income tax considerations. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Prepare the entries required in part (a) but, where retrospective adjustments are made, adjust the entry to include taxes at 25%. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)
Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Part 1: 1. To record the lawsuit settlement, the following journal entry will be made: Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit2020 Lawsuit settlement $50,000 Accounts payable $50,000.
2) To adjust the provision for uncollectible accounts, the following journal entry will be made:Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit2020Bad debt expense $13,500 Allowance for doubtful accounts $13,500 ([$3,000,000 * 1.5%] - $18,000)
3) To correct the depreciation error, the following journal entry will be made:Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit2020 Depreciation expense $14,000 Accumulated depreciation $14,000 ([$70,000 / 5] - $14,000)
4.) To adjust the depreciation change, the following journal entry will be made:Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit2020 Depreciation expense $25,493 Accumulated depreciation $25,493 ([$1,400,000 - $0] / 40 - [$1,400,000 * 2 / 40]) - $63,175 = $25,493
Part 2:1. To record the lawsuit settlement with the tax adjustment, the following journal entry will be made: Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit2020 Lawsuit settlement $62,500 Accounts payable $62,500 [($50,000 / (1 - 0.25)]. 2). To adjust the provision for uncollectible accounts with tax adjustment, the following journal entry will be made: Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit2020 Bad debt expense $16,875 Allowance for doubtful accounts $16,875 [($3,000,000 * 1.5%) - $18,000] / (1 - 0.25).
3. To correct the depreciation error with tax adjustment, the following journal entry will be made: Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit2020 Depreciation expense $18,667 Accumulated depreciation $18,667 ([$70,000 / 5] - $14,000) / (1 - 0.25) 4).To adjust the depreciation change with tax adjustment, the following journal entry will be made: Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit2020 Depreciation expense $33,491 Accumulated depreciation $33,491 [($1,400,000 - $0) / 40 - ($1,400,000 * 2 / 40)] - $63,175) / (1 - 0.25)
5. No adjustment is needed since the depreciation has already been recognized using the straight-line method.
6. To adjust the note payable with tax adjustment, the following journal entry will be made: Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit2020 Note payable $425,000 Current portion of long-term debt $50,000 Long-term debt $375,000 Income tax payable $25,000 (($425,000 - $50,000) / (1 - 0.25)) * 0.25 = $25,000.
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Tom owns and operates "Tom's Flying Service" (TFS). He uses his plane to take skydivers up. Tom has all his skydivers sign a contract that contains an exculpatory clause that says the skydivers will not sue him even if he is negligent, and as a result they suffer injury or death. Brad signs this contract. Because Tom believes he cannot be sued he is careless and negligent in folding the parachute that Brad uses. The parachute does not open properly. As a result, Brad is seriously injured. Brad wants to sue Tom. Can Tom be held liable for his negligence even though Brad signed the exculpatory clause?
a. Yes because exculpatory clauses are NEVER enforceable.
b. Yes, because this particular exculpatory clause is probably not enforceable under the circumstances.
c. No, because an exculpatory clauses are ALWAYS enforceable under a "freedom of contracts" theory.
d. No, because this particular exculpatory clause is definitely enforceable under the circumstances.
The answer is B. Yes, because this particular exculpatory clause is probably not enforceable under the circumstances.
Tom can be held liable for his negligence even though Brad signed the exculpatory clause. It is true that an exculpatory clause is an agreement that releases a party from liability, but such a clause does not automatically release a party from liability for gross negligence, intentional torts, or activities involving the public interest.In this case, Tom was careless and negligent in folding the parachute, and this led to Brad's serious injury. Tom cannot avoid liability for gross negligence simply by requiring skydivers to sign a contract that contains an exculpatory clause that absolves him of any liability in the event of injury or death of a skydiver.
An exculpatory clause is an agreement that releases a party from liability. These agreements can be useful to avoid the risk of lawsuits for various reasons. However, not all exculpatory clauses are enforceable. In general, exculpatory clauses are enforceable under a "freedom of contracts" theory. This means that parties to a contract are free to agree to whatever terms they wish, as long as the terms are not illegal or against public policy.In this case, Tom owns and operates "Tom's Flying Service" (TFS), and he uses his plane to take skydivers up. Tom has all his skydivers sign a contract that contains an exculpatory clause that says the skydivers will not sue him even if he is negligent, and as a result they suffer injury or death. Brad signs this contract, and he suffers a serious injury when his parachute fails to open properly. Brad wants to sue Tom for negligence.However, just because Brad signed a contract containing an exculpatory clause does not mean that Tom cannot be held liable for his negligence. Exculpatory clauses are not always enforceable, particularly if they are not clear and unambiguous. Moreover, exculpatory clauses do not protect a party from liability for gross negligence or intentional torts. In this case, Tom was careless and negligent in folding the parachute, and this led to Brad's serious injury. Tom cannot avoid liability for gross negligence simply by requiring skydivers to sign a contract that contains an exculpatory clause that absolves him of any liability in the event of injury or death of a skydiver
The answer is B. Yes, because this particular exculpatory clause is probably not enforceable under the circumstances. Even though Tom required Brad to sign a contract containing an exculpatory clause, Tom can still be held liable for his negligence if the exculpatory clause is not clear and unambiguous or if it does not cover gross negligence.
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