These are some alternatives to NGS in project management:
Sanger sequencingMicroarraysProteomicsWhat are these alternatives?Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a powerful tool for genetic research, but it is not the only option available.
Sanger sequencing: Sanger sequencing is a traditional method of DNA sequencing that is still used in some applications. It is less sensitive and less efficient than NGS, but it is also less expensive.
Microarrays: Microarrays are a type of gene chip that can be used to measure the expression of multiple genes at once. They are not as sensitive as NGS, but they are less expensive and can be used to study gene expression in large populations.
Proteomics: Proteomics is the study of proteins. It can be used to identify and quantify proteins in a sample. Proteomics is not as sensitive as NGS, but it can be used to study the function of genes in a sample.
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There are four phases of self-regulation: forethought, performance, self-reflection, & punishment
T OR F
There are four phases of self-regulation: forethought, performance, self-reflection, & punishment the given statement is True.
Emotional self-regulation or emotion regulation is the ability to respond to the ongoing demands of experience with the range of emotions in a manner that is socially tolerable and sufficiently flexible to permit spontaneous reactions as well as the ability to delay spontaneous reactions as needed.
Self reflection is like looking into a mirror and describing what you see. It is a way of assessing yourself, your ways of working and how you study. To put it simply 'reflection' means to think about something.
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Which of the following is a producer? cow
mouse
human
sunflower
Answer:
I'm not 100% sure but I think it's sunflower
Is it advisable to lift up people quickly by holding
their arms or legs in an accident. What aspects related
to spinal cord are to be taken care of while attending
injured persons? Discuss.
Answer:
The person should be carried in a straight position to prevent damage of spinal cord.
Explanation:
hich of these statements is a piece of evidence, supporting the theory of evolution? (2 points) emus and ostriches are similar and exist in different geographical locations. ostriches have traits that resemble armadillos. emus, ostriches, and rheas are a species that locally varies. emus and rheas are different names for the same animal.\
The statement which is a piece of evidence supporting the theory of evolution is "emus and ostriches are similar and exist in different geographical locations. "This is because the theory of evolution states that all organisms on earth have descended from common ancestors and have changed or evolved over time through a process called natural selection.
Therefore, emus and ostriches having similarities despite living in different geographical locations is an evidence for the theory of evolution. Emus and ostriches are large, flightless birds that are similar in many ways. They both have long necks, strong legs, and wings that are too small to allow them to fly.
However, emus are native to Australia, while ostriches are native to Africa. This difference in their geographical location is due to the fact that they evolved separately over millions of years, adapting to the unique environmental conditions of their respective regions.
In conclusion, the statement that supports the theory of evolution is that "emus and ostriches are similar and exist in different geographical locations." This is because it shows that despite living in different parts of the world, these birds share many common features due to their shared ancestry.
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true or false? phenotypic ratios in offspring are sometimes unexpected, indicating that not all genetic inheritance follows mendel's principles.group of answer choicestrue
True. Phenotypic ratios in offspring are sometimes unexpected, indicating that not all genetic inheritance follows Mendel's principles. Mendel's principles were based on simple genetic inheritance, which assumed that traits were controlled by single genes with two distinct alleles that followed specific patterns of dominance and recessiveness.
Mendel's principles were based on experiments on a small number of traits, including seed color, seed shape, and flower color, in which he was able to observe the phenotypic ratios of the offspring produced by hybrid crosses.However, in many cases, the inheritance of traits is much more complicated than the simple model proposed by Mendel.
The phenotypic ratios of offspring produced by hybrid crosses can be much more variable than predicted by Mendelian inheritance, and can often be affected by random chance.The complexity of genetic inheritance has been the subject of ongoing research in the field of genetics, which has led to the development of new models and theories of inheritance that can better explain the phenotypic diversity observed in nature.
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the pharmacology instructor is discussing antimicrobials with the nursing class. what would the instructor tell the students is the mechanism of action of some antimicrobials?
Antimicrobials are a type of drug that can be used to treat a variety of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Antimicrobials work by interfering with the growth or reproduction of microorganisms, making it harder for them to cause infection or disease.
The mechanism of action of antimicrobials can vary depending on the type of drug and the specific microorganism being targeted.For example, some antimicrobials work by disrupting the cell membrane of bacteria, causing them to lose their structural integrity and die. Other drugs may target specific enzymes or proteins within the microorganism, preventing it from carrying out essential functions necessary for growth and replication.
Some antimicrobials, such as penicillin, work by inhibiting the formation of the bacterial cell wall. By doing so, they prevent the bacteria from maintaining its structural integrity and protecting itself from environmental stressors and other threats. Additionally, some antimicrobials, such as sulfa drugs, work by inhibiting the production of essential vitamins and nutrients within the microorganism. This can cause the microorganism to become weak and more susceptible to damage or death.
Antimicrobials are an important class of drugs that are commonly used to treat a variety of infections. Understanding their mechanism of action is essential for healthcare providers, such as nurses, to select the most appropriate drug for their patient and ensure effective treatment.
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In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. Two plants, both heterozygous for the gene that controls flower color, are crossed. What percentage of their offspring will have purple flowers?
a. All or 100%
b. 3/4 or 75%
c. 1/2 or 50%
d. 1/4 or 25%
e. none or 0%
Answer:
b .75%
Explanation:
If you do a genetic croas or punnet square , you will find that the genotype of the filial generation is : Pp, PP , Pp ,Pp and pp.
if purple is (P) dominant
if white is (p) recessive
the ratio of purple : white
=. 3:1
thefore 3/4 chances
During one point in the eukaryotic cell cycle, the nuclear membrane disassembles. Which process in the cell cycle occurs before the nuclear membrane disassembles
The process in the cell cycle that occurs before the nuclear membrane disassembles is the prophase. The cell cycle is the process that cells undergo to replicate themselves, leading to the formation of two daughter cells. The cell cycle has four stages: G1, S, G2, and M. The G1, S, and G2 phases are collectively known as interphase.
The cell undergoes the mitotic phase (M-phase) after the interphase, and this phase involves mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is the process of dividing the nucleus, and cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm. The nuclear membrane begins to disassemble during prophase, which is the first stage of mitosis.In the prophase stage of mitosis, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids that are held together at the centromere.
The centrosomes move to the poles of the cell and begin to produce spindle fibers that attach to the centromeres. The nuclear membrane begins to disassemble, and the nucleolus disappears.The next stage is metaphase, during which the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. During the anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers.
During telophase, the spindle fibers disassemble, and the nuclear membrane reforms around the two groups of chromosomes. The nucleolus reappears, and the chromosomes begin to uncoil back into chromatin. Finally, cytokinesis occurs, resulting in the formation of two daughter cells.
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a trait is consistently passed down from every female parent to all offspring, but males never pass the trait to any offspring. what is likely the mode of inheritance
The inheritance mode is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother in most animals and some plants. Both males and females have mtDNA, but only females pass it on to their offspring.
The mitochondrial DNA, or mtDNA, is transferred exclusively by the maternal parent (mother) to all her children. In human beings, the mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother's side. Thus, the inheritance mode is mitochondrial inheritance. That is a type of non-nuclear inheritance (extra-nuclear inheritance) in which organelles in the cytoplasm (mitochondria) and chloroplasts (in plants) carry DNA and pass it down to offspring.What is mitochondrial DNA? Mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally because the egg cell contributes more organelles to the developing embryo than the sperm cell.
Thus, all offspring, regardless of gender, will inherit mitochondrial DNA from their mother's side. It can be used to trace maternal ancestry and track the origins of modern humans.
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The atoms which comprise living organisms are different from those of non-living substances. True false
True or false:
The atoms which comprise living organisms are different from those of non-living substances. The answer to the question is true. Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all things in the universe, including living organisms and non-living substances.
However, atoms that make up living things are different from those that make up non-living things. Living organisms, such as humans, animals, and plants, are composed of atoms, but these atoms are organized into molecules, which are subsequently organized into complex biological structures. The key differences between the atoms of living organisms and non-living substances are due to the way they interact with other atoms and molecules in their environment.
The four most abundant elements that make up 95% of the human body are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. Carbon is the building block of life because it is capable of forming bonds with other carbon atoms and can also form bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Carbon is the only element that can form a wide variety of chemical bonds, which is why it is the foundation of all organic molecules. Non-living substances may contain these same elements, but they do not have the same molecular and structural organization as living organisms.
To sum it up, the atoms which comprise living organisms are different from those of non-living substances.
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The amount of energy which a star creates is called?
Answer:
The simple answer is that deep inside the core of the Sun, enough protons can collide into each other with enough speed that they stick together to form a helium nucleus and generate a tremendous amount of energy at the same time. This process is called nuclear fusion.
Hope that answers your question.
What is an independent variable?
Answer:
a variable (often denoted by x ) whose variation does not depend on that of another.
Explanation:
A cable company charges $80 per month for a basic cable package. the function f(x)=80x represents the cost x for month of basic cable..
Answer:
$6400.00
Explanation:
A cable company charges $80 per month for a basic cable package by the function f(x)=80x which represents the cost x for month of basic cable.
If f(x) = 80x represents the cost x for month of basic cable, at x = $80, f(x) = 80*$80 = $6400.00
Explain how to distinguish different species by their DNA.
DNA analysis can be used to distinguish different species by comparing specific regions of their DNA sequences.
To distinguish different species by their DNA, scientists primarily focus on comparing specific regions of the DNA sequences that are highly variable among species. One commonly used region is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is inherited maternally and has a higher mutation rate compared to nuclear DNA. Another region is the ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), which exhibit variations among species.
The process typically involves extracting DNA samples from different organisms, isolating the target region of interest, and sequencing the DNA to determine the nucleotide sequence. The sequences obtained from different species are then compared to identify differences and similarities.
These differences can be used to create DNA profiles or genetic markers specific to each species. Advanced techniques such as DNA barcoding or whole-genome sequencing can provide more comprehensive information and aid in species identification.
By comparing DNA sequences, scientists can uncover genetic variations unique to different species, allowing them to distinguish and classify organisms accurately. This information is valuable in various fields, including taxonomy, conservation biology, forensic science, and evolutionary research.
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myelin are the branchlike extensions of a neuron that receive impulses and conduct them towards the cell body true false
The given statement "myelin are the branchlike extensions of a neuron that receive impulses and conduct them towards the cell body" is FALSE because Myelin is a fatty substance that forms a protective sheath around the axons of some neurons in the central nervous system.
It acts as an insulator and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses between neurons. Myelin sheaths are created by specialized cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. They wrap around the axons of neurons, forming a multi-layered structure.Myelin doesn't have any branch-like extensions.
Instead, it forms a sheath that surrounds the axon of a neuron, which is the long, slender part of the neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. The function of myelin is to protect the axon and speed up the transmission of nerve impulses between neurons.
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What is the process by which bacteria return nitrogen back into the air. *
When potatoes are in the ground, do they swell with water when it rains? If not, how do you explain that, and if so, what would be the advantage or disadvantage? Do you think osmosis occurs when a cell is in an isotonic solution? Explain your reasoning.
Yes , when potatoes are in the ground, they swell with water when it rains.
Potatoes, like any other plant, need water to grow, so when it rains, the water soaks into the ground and the potatoes absorb the water via osmosis.
Osmosis is the process b which water molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
In potatoes, this membrane is the cell wall. When rainwater enters the soil, it moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, and it eventually makes its way into the cells of the potato plants.
This is advantageous because it helps the potatoes to grow larger and develop a better taste. However, if there is too much rain, the potatoes can become waterlogged, which can lead to disease and rotting
In an isotonic solution, the concentration of solutes inside the cell is equal to the concentration of solutes outside the cell. This means that there is no net movement of water across the cell membrane, so osmosis does not occur. Therefore, the cell remains the same size.
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where have the times gone baby its all wrong where are the plans we made for two if happy ever after did exist i would still be holding you like this
The lyrics you've mentioned encapsulate feelings of nostalgia and regret over the passing of time and unfulfilled plans in a relationship. They convey a sense of longing for a love that was lost or didn't work out as anticipated.
"Where have the times gone, baby, it's all wrong" suggests a recognition that circumstances have changed, and the passage of time has altered the relationship dynamic. It reflects a sentiment of disbelief or disappointment about the current state of affairs.
"Where are the plans we made for two" implies a sense of longing for the shared dreams and aspirations that were once cherished. It highlights the disconnect between the initial expectations and the reality of the situation.
"If happy ever after did exist, I would still be holding you like this" expresses a profound desire to hold onto the love and intimacy that once existed. It speaks to the hope that even if the idealized "happy ever after" may not materialize, there is still a yearning to preserve the emotional connection.
These lyrics evoke an emotional response by tapping into universal themes of love, loss, and the passage of time. They resonate with individuals who have experienced heartbreak or the fading of a once-promising relationship. Despite the pain expressed, they also reveal the enduring power of love and its ability to leave a lasting impact on our hearts.
Ultimately, these lyrics invite listeners to reflect on their own experiences and emotions tied to relationships, reminding us of the bittersweet nature of love and the complexities of human connections.
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state two features that are shown by both fungi and protoctista
Answer:
They have cell walls made of cellulose, whereas fungi have cell walls made of chitin. Like other protists, they have complicated life cycles with both asexual and sexual reproduction. They are motile cells during some stages of their life cycle.
Explanation:
help plssssssss IN 10 MINSS 19 POINTS
Answer:
Coral reefs are a unique ecosystem.
what level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of different species? group of answer choices
The level of ecology that is concerned with groups of individuals of different species is called community ecology. It is a subfield of ecology that focuses on the study of interactions between species within an ecosystem. Community ecology studies the structure, composition, and dynamics of biological communities and how they respond to changes in the environment.
Community ecology deals with the interactions among different species in a community and how they influence each other. It focuses on the factors that affect the diversity, abundance, and distribution of species in a community. The interactions among species include predation, competition, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism.
Community ecology also examines the role of physical and chemical factors such as temperature, water availability, soil type, and nutrients in shaping the community structure.
Community ecology is concerned with both abiotic and biotic factors that affect the interactions among species. Abiotic factors refer to non-living components of the environment such as temperature, water availability, and soil type.
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"The rationale for twin studies is that twins do not normally develop under similar environments. True False."
The rationale for twin studies is that twins do not normally develop under similar environments is false.
Twin studies are a type of behavioral genetics research that involve the study of identical and fraternal twins. Twin studies may be used to study the genetic and environmental influences on traits, behaviors, and disorders. The rationale for twin studies is that identical twins share all of their genetic material, whereas fraternal twins share, on average, 50% of their genetic material, just as ordinary siblings do.
This offers a unique opportunity to investigate the degree to which traits, behaviors, and disorders are influenced by genetic and environmental factors because any similarities or differences between twins can be traced back to genetic or environmental causes. Because identical twins share all of their genetic material, any differences between them must be due to environmental influences.
In contrast, fraternal twins share only about 50% of their genetic material, just like any other pair of siblings, and any similarities or differences between them could be due to both genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, the rationale for twin studies is that identical and fraternal twins provide a way to disentangle genetic and environmental influences on traits, behaviors, and disorders.
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Which statement is a scientific claim? A.Observation of certain stars explain why humans behave the way they do B.Observations of constellations show that arts have moved over time C.Three stars in the constellation Orion look like a belt a hunter might wear D.Rhe constellation Orion is the easiest to recognize of the stars in his belt
Answer: D. Observations of constellations show that stars have moved over time.
Explanation: Constellation changes there position over time because of earth's rotation around sun. So, observation of constellations shows that stars have moved over time is a scietific claim. If stars would not move then constellation will not form.
a eukaryotic cell must be from a plant if the cell has ____
A. a cell wall
B.a nucleus
C, cytoplasm
D. a nuclear envelope
Electromagnetic waves have different _____ and _____ but the same _______.
Answer:
Different wavelengths and frequencies but the same speed threw empty space.
Explanation:
Radio waves, television waves, and microwaves are all types of electromagnetic waves. They only differ from each other in wavelength. ... The electromagnetic spectrum includes, from longest wavelength to shortest: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, optical, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma-rays.
which can cause anemia? multiple select question. inadequate hemoglobin synthesis hemorrhage increased erythropoiesis increased hemolysis
Anemia is a medical condition caused by a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in a reduced capacity of the blood to transport oxygen. There are different causes of anemia; some of them are inadequate hemoglobin synthesis, hemorrhage, increased erythropoiesis, and increased hemolysis.
Inadequate hemoglobin synthesis: This occurs when the body does not produce enough hemoglobin. The most common form of this type of anemia is iron-deficiency anemia, where the body does not have enough iron to produce hemoglobin.
Other forms of this anemia include vitamin B12 deficiency anemia and folic acid deficiency anemia. Hemorrhage: Hemorrhage refers to the loss of blood from the body, and it is one of the leading causes of anemia. The loss of blood reduces the number of red blood cells, leading to anemia.
The bleeding can occur from injuries, surgery, or menstruation. Increased erythropoiesis: Erythropoiesis is the process of red blood cell production. In some cases, the body increases the production of red blood cells to compensate for the loss of blood.
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The conditions that can cause anemia are inadequate hemoglobin synthesis, hemorrhage, and increased hemolysis.
Inadequate hemoglobin synthesis: Anemia can occur when there is a deficiency or abnormality in the production of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. This can result from various factors, such as nutritional deficiencies (e.g., iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiency) or genetic disorders affecting hemoglobin synthesis.
Hemorrhage: Anemia can be caused by significant blood loss, such as during injury, surgery, or gastrointestinal bleeding. When there is excessive bleeding, the body may not have enough time to replenish the lost red blood cells, leading to anemia.
Increased hemolysis: Hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells. Certain conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, infections, certain medications, or genetic abnormalities, can cause an increased breakdown of red blood cells, leading to anemia.
It's important to note that increased erythropoiesis (increased production of red blood cells) is not a cause of anemia but rather a response to counteract anemia. When the body detects low levels of oxygen-carrying capacity, it can increase the production of red blood cells to compensate for the deficiency.
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You have a piece of circular DNA that can be cut by the restriction nucleases EcoRI, Hindill, and Notl, as indicated in the figure below. Not! ECORI - ECORI Hindill Figure 10-6 Answer True OR False for each of the following statements: (1.5 pts) a. One piece of DNA will be obtained when this DNA is cut by Hindill. b. If you cut the. DNA with EcoRI you will get a piece of DNA that cannot be cut by Notl. c. If you cut the DNA with Hindill and EcoRI you will get two fragments of unequal size. 14) Describe the DNA synthesis reaction. In your answer include: what building blocks are used, what reaction takes place, where the energy comes from, and who performs the reaction. (1.5 pt)
a. False: When the DNA is cut by HindIII, multiple fragments of DNA will be obtained.
b. True: If the DNA is cut by EcoRI, a piece of DNA will be obtained that cannot be cut by NotI.
c. True: Cutting the DNA with HindIII and EcoRI will result in two fragments of unequal size.
a. When the DNA is cut by HindIII, it recognizes and cuts at its specific recognition site, resulting in the formation of multiple DNA fragments. Therefore, the statement that only one piece of DNA will be obtained when the DNA is cut by HindIII is false.
b. EcoRI and NotI are different restriction enzymes with specific recognition sites. If the DNA is cut by EcoRI, it will generate DNA fragments with compatible ends. These fragments will have an overhang that is complementary to itself, making them unable to be cut by NotI. Therefore, the statement that a piece of DNA cut by EcoRI cannot be cut by NotI is true.
c. When the DNA is cut by HindIII and EcoRI, both enzymes recognize and cut at their specific recognition sites. This results in the formation of two DNA fragments with different sizes. The size of the fragments will depend on the location and distance between the recognition sites of these enzymes. Therefore, the statement that cutting the DNA with HindIII and EcoRI will yield two fragments of unequal size is true.
14) DNA synthesis, also known as DNA replication, is a biological process that involves the creation of a new DNA strand complementary to an existing DNA template strand. The building blocks used in DNA synthesis are nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).
During DNA synthesis, a reaction known as polymerization takes place. It involves the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, resulting in the elongation of the new DNA strand. This reaction is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA polymerases.
The energy required for DNA synthesis comes from the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates, which provide the necessary high-energy phosphate bonds. The released pyrophosphate molecule is then hydrolyzed to inorganic phosphate, releasing additional energy.
DNA synthesis is performed by various cellular enzymes, including DNA polymerases, which accurately replicate the DNA template strand by adding complementary nucleotides to the growing new strand. These enzymes work in coordination with other proteins and factors to ensure the accuracy and fidelity of DNA replication.
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Katie is more likely to buy a product if she hears that it sells out quickly. Her behavior illustrates the psychological principle known as authority. Scarcity. Social proof. Liking. Consistency
Katie is more likely to buy a product if she hears that it sells out quickly. Her behavior illustrates the psychological principle known as Scarcity. The principle of Scarcity is defined as the idea that people are more likely to want something if it is difficult to obtain or limited in availability.
As human beings, we naturally tend to value items that are rare or hard to come by. Therefore, by indicating that a product is scarce, it creates a sense of urgency in people's minds that they may miss out on something valuable or important. This leads to increased motivation to take action and purchase the item as quickly as possible.
Katie is a perfect example of how the principle of Scarcity works. She is more likely to buy a product if she hears that it is selling out quickly because she feels a sense of urgency that she might miss out on something valuable. This is a common phenomenon in the market that businesses use to motivate people to buy their products. The principle of Scarcity is often used in marketing strategies to create a sense of urgency and increase the perceived value of a product.
In conclusion, the psychological principle of Scarcity suggests that people are more likely to want something if it is difficult to obtain or limited in availability. Katie is an example of how this principle works, as she is more likely to buy a product if she hears that it is selling out quickly. This principle is commonly used in marketing strategies to create a sense of urgency and increase the perceived value of a product.
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What is fibrous protein and globular protein polymers of amino acids?
Fibrous protein and globular protein are the two primary types of protein polymers that are composed of amino acids.
Fibrous proteins are filamentous proteins that have an elongated, fibrous shape. They're often insoluble and arranged in parallel lines. They're made up of polypeptide chains that are tightly coiled around one another and are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The following are examples of fibrous proteins: Keratin: It is the protein found in hair, nails, feathers, and horns of animals. Collagen: This protein is found in connective tissues such as tendons, cartilage, and bones. Myosin: It is the protein found in muscles.
Globular Protein: Globular proteins are typically rounded in shape and are water-soluble. They have a three-dimensional structure that is compact, with amino acid side chains sticking out from the surface. They're typically globular and active in cell metabolism. The following are examples of globular proteins: Hemoglobin: It is a protein that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.
Enzymes: These proteins catalyze chemical reactions within the body. Antibodies: They are the body's defense mechanism against foreign invaders. Proteins are organic macromolecules that have a complex structure and a variety of functions in the body. They're composed of amino acid polymers that are connected by peptide bonds.
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which of the following is a function of protein? choose all the correct choices. group of answer choices facilitating chemical reactions (e.g. enzymes) sending messages between cells (e.g. hormones) immune responses (e.g. antibodies) providing structure (e.g. collagen)
Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acid chains that are folded and linked together. Protein is important for the proper functioning of our bodies and serves a variety of functions. There are four correct choices from the given options: facilitating chemical reactions (e.g. enzymes), sending messages between cells (e.g. hormones).
immune responses (e.g. antibodies), providing structure (e.g. collagen).1. Facilitating chemical reactions (e.g. enzymes)Protein plays a critical role in many metabolic processes by serving as an enzyme. Enzymes are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions in the body. For example, digestive enzymes help break down food so that it can be absorbed by the body.
2. Sending messages between cells (e.g. hormones)Proteins are also involved in sending messages between cells. Hormones are examples of these proteins. Hormones are secreted by glands and enter the bloodstream, where they travel to other parts of the body to regulate specific physiological processes.
3. Immune responses (e.g. antibodies)Proteins also play a key role in the immune system by identifying and neutralizing foreign substances in the body. Antibodies, for example, are proteins that identify and attach themselves to pathogens (e.g. bacteria, viruses, etc.) so that they can be destroyed.
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