Answer: The correct answer is (A) AB will appear between Oil and Water in the graduated cylinder
Explanation:
Density is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. Substances with a higher density will have more mass in a given volume, and will therefore be heavier.
When we fill the graduated cylinder with the above-mentioned substances, we will notice that Water, Oil and AB will be on top of each other. Since the density of AB is 0.88 g/mL and the density of Oil is 0.80 g/mL, this means that AB will have more mass in the same volume than oil and thus AB will be heavier than oil, so AB will appear between oil and water in the graduated cylinder.
Mercury is much denser than water, oil and AB, so it will be at the bottom of the graduated cylinder.
You make a 100 mL solution by dissolving 5g of a solid solute in water. The molar mass of the solute is 110 g/mol. What is the molarity of the solution? If the density of the solution above is 1 g/ml, what is the concentration using units of percent by mass? (Percent by mass = g solute/g solution * 100) What is the difference between these two concentrations units? Why would you use one rather than the other?
(1) Molarity of the solution is 0.450 M (2) Percentage by mass is 5%. (3) difference between two concentrations is unit of measurement. (4) because it provides a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution in relation to its total mass.
1) Molarity = (moles of solute) / (volume of solution in liters)
To find the moles of solute, divide the mass of solute by its molar mass:
moles = 5g / 110 g/mol = 0.045 moles
The volume of the solution is 100 mL, which is equal to 0.100 L:
Molarity = 0.045 moles / 0.100 L = 0.450 M
2) To convert to percent by mass, multiply the mass of solute by 100 and divide by the mass of the solution:
Percent by mass = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100%
Percent by mass = (5g / (100 mL x 1 g/mL)) x 100% = 5%
3) The difference between molarity and percent by mass is the units of measurement. Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, while percent by mass is the mass of solute per hundred grams of solution.
4) Molarity is often used in chemical reactions, as it measures the number of moles of solute present in a solution, which is directly related to the amount of substance present and can be used to calculate the amounts of reactants and products in a reaction. On the other hand, percent by mass is commonly used in food and pharmaceutical industries, as it provides a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution in relation to its total mass.
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how many lone pairs of electrons are assigned to the carbon atom in the lewis dot structure of carbon dioxide?
In carbon dioxide, there are no single carbon atoms. There are 2 lone pairs for each oxygen.
Each atom of oxygen in the [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] two electrons in the molecule are in lone pairs. The carbon atom does not contain any lone pairs. Between carbon and oxygen, double bonds are present.
In order for the octet rule to be followed, carbon must form a total of four bonds with the oxygen atoms. As a result, the carbon atom and the oxygen atoms must share four bond pairs. Obviously, they require two double bonds due to their numbers: O = C = O
However, for both oxygen atoms to adhere to the octet rule, they still require two additional electron pairs each. Therefore, we need to add two lone pairs to each oxygen atom.
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how many different elements are in sulfuric acid (h2so4)
Answer:
three 3
Explanation:
oxygen, sulphur and hydrogen.
the reaction between hydrochloric acid and aluminum produces hydrogen gas and aluminum chloride. how many moles of h2 can be obtained when 3.20 mol hcl reacts with an excess of al ?
If 3.20 moles of HCl react with excess Al, then the moles of H₂ obtained are 3.2 moles.
The consequences of the chemical reaction are:
2 Al + 6 HCl → 3 H₂ + 2 AlCl₃
The first step is to calculate the moles of H₂ produced,
3.0 mol HCl gives = 3.0 mol H₂
So
3.20 moles of HCl will give = n moles of H₂
The second step is finding the mole n:
n = (3.20 moles × 3.0 moles) ÷ 3 moles
n = 3.2 mol H₂
So, the moles of H₂ is 3.2 mol.
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explain how moisture-catalyzed adhesives are cured (hardened)
Moisture-catalyzed adhesives are cured by the reaction of an activator with the adhesive resin, which results in the formation of a polymeric structure that binds the substrates together.
Moisture-catalyzed adhesives, also known as polyurethane adhesives, are a type of adhesive that are cured by the reaction of water with the adhesive resin. The curing process is initiated by the addition of a chemical activator, typically an isocyanate, to the adhesive resin.
When the activator and the resin are mixed, they undergo a chemical reaction that results in the formation of a polymeric structure. This structure acts as a bond that physically attaches the substrates to each other. The presence of water in the air or on the surfaces to be bonded acts as a catalyst for the reaction between the activator and the resin, leading to the cure of the adhesive.
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how much of a radioactive kind of ruthenium will be left after 16 hours if you start with 721,248 grams and the half-life is 4 hours?
The amount of radioactive kind of ruthenium left after 16 hours is 44717.37 grams.
Natural radioactive processes are characterized by a half-life, the time it takes for half of the material to decay radioactively. The amount of material left over after a certain number of half-lives can be easily calculated.
The amount of radioactive element present follows the exponential function,
[tex]N(t) = N(0)e^{-kt}[/tex]
N(0) is the initial amount at t = 0, so N(0) = 721,248 g
To find k, use the fact that after 4 hours, N drops by half (definition of half-life):
k = [tex]\dfrac{0.693}{t_{1/2}}[/tex]
Using the value 4 hours for half life,
k = 0.1732 per hour
Using t = 16 hours, finding N(t),
[tex]N(t) = 721,248 \times e^{-0.1732 \times 16}[/tex]
[tex]N(t) = 721,248 \times e^{-2.7712}[/tex]
[tex]N(t) = 44717.37[/tex] g.
The amount of ruthenium left after 16 hours is 44717.37 grams.
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how many ml of 4.55 m libr solution contain 1.87 mol of libr?
The volume of the 4.55 M LiBr solution that contains the 1.87 moles of the LiBr is 410.9 mL.
The molarity of the LiBr solution = 4.55 M = mol/L
The moles of the LiBr solution contains = 1.87 mol
The molarity is expressed as follows :
Molarity = moles / volume in L
The volume is expressed as :
Volume = moles/ molarity
Volume = 1.87 mol / 4.55 mol/ L
Volume = 0.4109 L
Volume = 410.9 mL
Thus, the volume in the mL is 410.9 mL with the molarity of the 4.55 M and the moles of 1.87 moles .
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how does dalton's atomic theory account for the fact that different samples of the same compound always contain a fixed mass percentage of its component elements? multiple choice question.
Dalton's atomic theory accounts for the fact that different samples of the same compound always contain a fixed mass percentage of its component elements as a given compound always contains a fixed ratio of its component elements. (Option B)
Dalton’s atomic theory refers to a scientific theory postulated by English physicist and chemist John Dalton in 1808. All substances, according to the theory, are made up of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible building units. All atoms of the same element are identical while different elements have different types of atoms.
Compound elements are formed when atoms of different elements join in simple ratios to form molecules. In order to account for the fact that different samples of the same compound always contain a fixed mass percentage of its component elements as a given compound always contains a fixed ratio of its component elements.
Note: The question is incomplete as it is missing options which are A) atoms are combined in varying ratio to form a compound B) a given compound always contains a fixed ratio of its component elements C) the atoms of same element are similar in all respects D) all of the above.
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a solution contains 100mm pyruvate (pka = 2.45) and 10mm pyruvic acid. what is the ph of this solution?
The solution contains 100mm pyruvate with the pka = 2.45 and 10mm pyruvic acid. The pH of this solution is 3.45.
The Henderson Hasselbalch equation is as follows :
pH = pka + [salt] / [acid]
Where
The value pka = 2.45
Concentration of pyruvic acid = 10 mm
The concentration of pyruvate = 100 mm
By solving the value, we get :
pH = 2.45 + log [ 100 ] / [ 10 ]
pH = 2.45 + 1
pH = 3.45
Thus the pH of the solution is 3.45. The pH value less then 7 is for the acidic solution. The pH value more than 7 is for basic solution.
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A student measured the temperature of boiling water to be 105.25 °C. The correct temperature for boiling water is 100.00 °C at 1 atm. What went wrong in the experiment?
Answer: See Explanation.
Explanation:
There could be several reasons why the student's measurement of the boiling temperature of the water was different from the expected value of 100.00 °C at 1 atm. Some possible reasons include:
The student may have used an inaccurate thermometer, or the thermometer may have been calibrated incorrectly.The student may have not allowed enough time for the thermometer to reach thermal equilibrium with the water.The student may have measured the temperature in an environment where the pressure was not 1 atm. The boiling point of water changes with pressure, so if the pressure was not 1 atm, the boiling point would not have been 100.00 °C.The student may have not cleaned the thermometer properly or the thermometer may have been contaminated.The student may have not used the correct technique for measuring the temperature.There may have been some other error in the experiment that was not noted.It is important to note that measuring temperature is a difficult task, and it is not uncommon to get a result that is slightly different from the expected value. The student should repeat the experiment several times and take an average of the results to get a more accurate measurement. It is also important to ensure that the instrument used is calibrated and properly maintained.
which country produces the most carbon emissions total? How does this compare to its per capita carbon emissions?
China has the highest per capita carbon emissions worldwide, at 35.6 metric tons per person. Numerous countries in the Middle East have high levels emissions, particularly when compared to countries in Africa.
How does China approximate to its per capita carbon emission?The average Chinese person radiates quite a bit less than the average American. In 2019, China's per capita emissions reached 10.1 tons. By comparing, the US reached 17.6 tons, according to the Rhodium Group.
What causes carbon emission?Most carbon emissions are due to the use of fossil fuels, mostly for generation of electricity and heat, transportation, and manufacturing. Land use and forestry is another reason of carbon emissions, mostly due to deforestation.
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Which of the following mixtures/compounds has ion–dipole forces between them?
a HF/H2O
b Na2CO3/H2O
c NaCl/C6H14
d NH3/H2O
[tex]\rm Na_2CO_3/H_2O[/tex] among the following mixtures/compounds has ion–dipole forces between them. Therefore, the correct option is option B.
A mixture is a physical combination of two or more substances, meaning their chemical compositions are unaltered. It follows that each component of a combination maintains its unique characteristics and is simple to physically separate. Intermolecular forces between an ion and a polar molecule are known as ion-dipole forces. They happen when a charged particle called an ion interacts with a polar molecule's partial charges. [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3/H_2O[/tex]: [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex](sodium carbonate) is an ionic compound, and [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex] is a polar molecule. Hence, there are ion-dipole forces between [tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex] and [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex].
Therefore, the correct option is option B.
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What are some ways we can measure how much energy a substance has?
The sum of all an object's atoms and molecules' energies makes up the substance's total energy.
What is a substance's total amount of energy?The sum of all an object's atoms and molecules' energies makes up the substance's total energy. Both the potential energy resulting from the interactions between molecules and the kinetic energy of the particles resulting from the motions of molecules within the material and of atoms inside molecules make up thermal energy.The equation q = m c T , where m is the mass of the sample, c is the specific heat, and T is the temperature change, may be used to determine how much heat is acquired or lost by a sample (q).
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you add 9.2 g of iron to 23.60 ml of water and observe that the volume of iron and water together is 24.77 ml . calculate the density of iron.
The density of the iron in water is found to be 7.86 g/ml.
The mass of iron that is added to the water is 9.2 g and the volume of the water is 23.6 ml volume of iron and water is 24.77 ml.
The density of any substance is founded by dividing the mass of that substance by the volume of that substance.
Volume of iron can be calculated by subtracting the volume of water from the volume of the iron and water combined.
The volume of iron is 1.17ml.
So, the density will be,
Density = 9.2/1.17
Density = 7.86 g/ml.
So, the density of iron is 7.86 g/ml.
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in a total enthalpy calculation over several segments of a heating curve, which constant should be used to calculate the enthalpy change in the segment of the curve in which the substance is melting?
In a total enthalpy calculation over several segments of a heating curve, the constant should be used to calculate the enthalpy change in the segment of the curve in which the substance is melting is specific heat of solids
The enthalpy change is the change in energy from the start to the end of a chemical reaction. This relates to the law of energy immunity that energy cannot be created, but energy can be changed from one form to another.
The heating curve is a graph that states the change in temperature and the state of matter on heating. When a substance is heated, the graph on the curve will form a plateau which shows the phase transition. The melting point indicates the specific heat of the solid which is heated and melts from solid to liquid as it absorbs heat.
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The quantum mechanical approach to atomic structure permits the calculation of?
Generally, the quantum mechanical approach to atomic structure permits the calculation of a region about the nucleus in which an electron of specified energy will probably be found.
By the help of quantum mechanics we can easily find the wave function that describes the movement of the particles, the interpretation of this wave function is done through the probability density (φ* φ).
This probabilistic interpretation of the energies, position and amounts of motion electrons often allow us to find the region around the nucleus where an electron of specific energy can be found with a given probability.
Hence, option B is correct.
The given question is incomplete and the complete question is given below.
The quantum mechanical approach to atomic structure permits the calculation of?
1. the most probable distance between any two specified electrons.
2. a region about the nucleus in which an electron of specified energy will probably be found.
3. the most probable radius of an orbit that an electron of specified energy will follow.
4. the most probable spin value that will be associated with an electron of specified energy.
5. the number of electrons in an atom.
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A ga i compreed from an initial volume of 5. 50 L to a final volume of 1. 20 L by an external preure of 1. 00 bar. During the compreion, the ga releae 128 J of heat. What i the change in internal energy of the ga?
The change in internal energy of the gas is 123.7 J.
The change in internal energy of a gas can be calculated using the equation: ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added to or removed from the gas, and W is the work done on or by the gas.
In this case, the work done on the gas can be calculated as W = P * ΔV, where P is the pressure and ΔV is the change in volume. Since the pressure is 1.00 bar and the change in volume is 5.50 L - 1.20 L = 4.30 L, the work done on the gas is W = 1.00 bar * 4.30 L = 4.30 J.
Therefore, the change in internal energy of the gas is ΔU = Q - W = 128 J - 4.30 J = 123.7 J.
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A substance’s flashpoint is the temperature at which it will explode.a. Trueb. False
Answer:
false. The flashpoint of a substance is the lowest temp at which it can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.
why is it important to heat the melting point apparatus or block slowly (~1ºc per minute) when the temperature gets close to the mp?
It is important to heat the melting point apparatus or the block slowly, when the temperature gets close to the melting point is
The melting point of the substance is the temperature at which the substance changes the state from the solid to liquid. When heat energy is provided to substance it will changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase. So, it is important to add the heat energy slowly because when the substance changes a phase then it will absorb the much energy till it reaches up to the melting.
Therefore the heat will be provided slowly. The slow heating will provide the more accurate reading of the melting point.
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which of the following elements could reasonably be the cationic portion of an ionic compound? select all that apply. multiple select question. carbon (c) silver (ag) sulfur (s) potassium (k) calcium (ca)
Among the given, Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Silver (Ag) could reasonably be the cationic portion of an ionic compound.
Between cations and anions, ionic bonds develop. When a metal ion loses a valence electron, a cation is generated, whereas an anion is formed when a nonmetal gets a valence electron. Through this interchange, they both obtain a more stable electrical arrangement.
The cationic part of an ionic compound might be made up of the following elements:
Potassium (K)
Calcium (Ca)
Silver (Ag)
These are all metals that have been shown to create positive ions (cations) in ionic compounds.
Carbon (C) and sulfur (S) are nonmetals that often generate negative ions (anions) in ionic compounds, making them unlikely to constitute the cationic component of an ionic molecule.
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how would you define a system to determine the rate at which an automobile adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
I would determine the rate at which an automobile adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by taking an open system, a control volume just around the area of the outlet where the exhaust gases are released. The boundaries are the sides (for example) of the pipe through which the gas is released.
A general study says that a typical passenger vehicle emits about 4.6 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. This makes possible assumption that the average gasoline vehicle on the road today has a fuel economy of about 22.0 miles per gallon and drives around 11,500 miles per year. Each and every gallon of gasoline burned creates about 8,887 grams of CO₂.
The amount of CO₂ can be calculated by the above given process.
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Is Br2 diamagnetic or paramagnetic?
Answer: paramatic
Explanation: as bromine has one unpaired electron in its valence shell, the bromine atom has paramagnetic nature. if that makes any sense
ABC + DAB+CD
ΔΗ
rxn
= -80 kJ/mol and Ea(fwd) = 185 kJ/mol.
Assuming a one-step reaction, calculate Ea(rev).
kJ/mol
The Ea of the forward reaction is 297.5 kJ/mole. The E of the products is 33.6 kJ/mole LOWER than that of the reactants, hence the negative value. Thus, the Ea of the reverse reaction requires 33.6 kJ/mole to get back to the starting point and then an additional 297.5 kJ/mole to reach the threshold. Total = 331.1 kJ/mole.
What is chemical reaction ?Chemical reaction is the process by which one or more compounds, known as reactants, change into one or more new ones, known as products. Chemical components or compounds make up substances. The atoms that make up the reactants are rearranged in a chemical reaction to produce various products.
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the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and water's ability to dissolve substances that have charges or partial charges are group of answer choices both caused by water's two electron shells due to water's partial charges and low molecular mass, respectively both caused by water's partial charge both caused by water's ability to form covalent bonds with hydrophobic substances
The ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and water's ability to dissolve substances that have charges or partial charges are respectively both caused by water's partial charge.
About water moleculeWater is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O: one molecule of water is composed of two atoms of hydrogen which are covalently bonded to one atom of oxygen. Water is colourless, tasteless and odorless under standard conditions, namely at a pressure of 100 kPa (1 bar) and temperature of 273.15 K (0°C).
This chemical substance is an important solvent, which has the ability to dissolve many other chemical substances, such as salts, sugars, acids, several types of gases and many types of organic molecules.
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in a sealed and rigid container, a sample of gas at 3.25 atm and 250.0 °c is cooled to 0.0 °c. what is the pressure (in atm) of the gas at 0.0 °c?
In sealed and the rigid container , the sample of the gas at 3.25 atm and the temperature 250 °C is the cooled to 0.0 °C. The pressure of the gas is 1.69 atm.
The Gay-Lussac's law expressed as :
P1 / T1 = P2 / T2
Where,
The P1 = initial pressure = 3.25 atm
T1 = initial temperature = 250 °C = 523 K
P2 = the final pressure = ?
T2 = final pressure = 0 °C = 273 K
Therefore , we get :
3.25 / 523 = P2 / 273
P2 = 1.69 atm
Thus the final pressure at the temperature of 0 °C is 1.69 atm.
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For each compound, would you expect greater solubility in water or in hexane? Indicate the kinds of intermolecular forces that occur between the solute and the solvent in which the molecule is most soluble. a. glucose b. naphthalenec. dimethyl etherd. alanine (an amino acid)
Solute dissolves in the solvent according to the concept of 'like dissolves like '. That means polar solute dissolves in polar solvent and non-polar solute dissolves in non-polar solvent.
A) Glucose is a polar compound as it has polar bonds such as O-H ( As electronegativity of O is higher than H), thus it dissolves in polar solvent like water .
B) Napthalene being a non-polar molecule, it is soluble in non-polar solvent like hexane. The interaction present in napthalene is induced dipole - induced dipole interaction.
C) Dimethyl ether being non-polar molecule, it is soluble in non-polar solvent like hexane. The interaction present in napthalene is induced dipole - induced dipole interaction.
D) Alanine is a polar molecule. Hence, it dissolves in water through hydrogen bonding.
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what is molar concentrations of n2, h2, and nh3 at 75onversion?
The concentrations of NH3, H2, and N2 are respectively 1.2102, 3.0102, and 1.5102M at equilibrium.
At 700K, 0. 036M N2 and 0. 15M H2 are present in an equilibrium mixture of N2,H2, and NH3. N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) has a Kc of 0 at this temperature. For the synthesis of NH3 from N2 and H2 at equilibrium at 500K, the following concentrations were discovered. [N2] = 1.5 x 10−2M. H2 is 3.0 x 102 M while NH3 is 1.2 x 102 M in terms of mass. NH3, H2, and N2 have equilibrium concentrations of 1. 2 102, 3. 0 102, and 1. 5 102 M, respectively. Since molecular hydrogen has a molar mass of about 2 mg/milimole, 1 mg is roughly equivalent to 0.5 mM, or 1 ppm. About 8.65 x 10-7 mg/L of hydrogen gas (H2) is present in typical water (such as tap, bottled, filtered, etc.).
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A student has measured the volume of a sample of hydrogen gas and has found that she has a total of 5.02 moles of the gas. What is the mass of this sample of hydrogen gas? Please round your answer to two digits after the decimal point, and remember to include correct, complete units (including substance formula).
0.00355moles is the mass of this sample of hydrogen gas when A student has measured the volume of a sample of hydrogen gas and has found that she has a total of 5.02 moles of the gas.
What is hydrogen gas?The chemical element hydrogen is represented by the letter symbol H and atomic number 1. The lightest element of all is is hydrogen.
Fuel cells may produce energy, power, and heat using hydrogen. The two industries where hydrogen is currently most widely employed are fertilizer manufacturing and petroleum refining, with the developing markets of utilities and transportation.
Given:
volume of gas 5.02 moles
temp=293.15 K
Pressure= 0.025
Now putting the values accordingly
5.02 x 0.025 / 293.15 x 8.314472 =0.00355moles
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why ph is an important controlling factor for chemical analysis of water
The pH is the important controlling factor for the chemical analysis of the water because it will indicates the acidity and the basicity of the water.
The pH is use measure the relative amount of the free hydrogen and the hydroxyl ions in the water. Water that has the more free hydrogen ions is the acidic nature, whereas the water that has the more free hydroxyl ions is basic in nature. The pH can be affected by the chemicals in the water, the pH is an important indicator of the water that is changed chemically.
Thus, the pH indicates the acidity and the basicity of the water.
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Read the entire procedure for the Introductory Activity. In step 5, why is it necessary to make sure the stopcock is in the open position and then immediately replace the stopper and syringe assembly in the Erlenmeyer flask after adding the hydrochloric acid to the marble chips?
When diluted hydrochloricacid is given to a reactive metal, hydrogen gas is created as a result of the addition of HCl to the reaction mixture that will result in the f.
Both hydrogen ions (H +) and chloride ions (Cl -) would be added to the equilibrium mixture if hydrochloricacid were to be added. Since hydrogen ions are on the right side of the equilibrium, it will shift to the left to make up for this, increasing the concentration of reactants. Because hydrogen ions are on the right side of the equilibrium, the equilibrium will move to the left to make up for this, which will increase the concentration of reactants.
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