Answer:
[tex]\begin{gathered} CaCO_3\text{ is the limiting reagent} \\ 0.154\text{ g of CO}_2\text{ would be produced in theory} \end{gathered}[/tex]Explanation:
We start by completing the balanced equation of the reaction.
We have that as:
[tex]CaCO_3\text{ + 2HCl }\rightarrow\text{ CaCl}_2\text{ + H}_2O\text{ + CO}_2[/tex]Now, we want to get the limiting reagent
The limiting reagent is the reagent that produces less amount of the product
Now, let us get the number of moles of CaCO3 that reacted
That would be the mass of CaCO3 given, divided by the molar mass of CaCO3
The molar mass of CaCO3 is 100 g/mol
Thus, the number of moles of CaCO3 that reacted will be:
[tex]\frac{0.350}{100}\text{ = 0.0035 mol}[/tex]Now, let us get the number of moles of CO2 produced
That would be 0.0035 mol too since the mole ratio of CaCO3 to CO2 in the balanced equation of reaction is 1:1
We proceed to get the number of moles of HCl that reacted
We can get this by multiplying the given molarity by the volume in liters
We have that as:
[tex]1.5\text{ }\times\frac{45}{1000}\text{ = 0.0675 mol}[/tex]From here, the number of moles of CO2 produced is half, since the mole ratio is 1 to 2
The number of moles of CO2 produced will be:
[tex]\frac{0.0675}{2}\text{ = 0.03375 mol}[/tex]The number of moles of CO2 produced by CaCO3 is lesser, and that means it is the limiting reagent
Now, to get the mass of CO2 produced in theory, we multiply the number of moles by the molar mass of CO2
The molar mass of CO2 is 44 g/mol
Thus, we have the mass that was produced as:
[tex]44\text{ }\times\text{ 0.0035 = 0.154 g}[/tex]which of the following is a factor that reduces the required number of kWh for heating
The factor that can reduce the required number of kWh for heating is the lower use of the electrical equipment that is option C.
What is electrical power?The electrical power is defined as the amount of energy that a device is capable of transfering per unit time.
The electrical power is usually measured in kilowatts per hour. That is KWh.
To determine the total amount of power consumed by an electrical device is to multiple the power use (in kilowatts, kW) by the number of hours during which the power is consumed.
But when there is reduction in the use of the electrical device, the amount of power consumed reduces.
Therefore, to reduce the amount of required number of power consumed (kWh) for heating, the number of times the electrical device is being used should be reduced.
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Refer to the octet rule to decipher which of the following is an exception (carbon dioxide, phosphorous triflouride, arsenic pentaflouride, ammonia, or water) and which of the following is also an exception (boron trichlouride, borohydride, and borazine.
Answer:
[tex]\begin{gathered} (i_)\text{ Arsenic Pentafluoride} \\ (ii)\text{ Borohydride} \end{gathered}[/tex]Explanation:
a) Here, we want to get the molecule that does not obey the octet rule
The correct choice here is arsenic pentafluoride.
Arsenic has 5 valence electrons, then it takes in one each from each of the fluorine atoms. This brings a total of 10 which is more than the 8 stipulated in the octet rule.
The octet rule states that the central atom should have a maximum of 8 electrons
b) Here, we want to get an exception to the octet rule
The correct answer choice here is borohydride. Borohydride has a total of 10 electrons (5 from Boron, 4 from hydrogen (1 from each) and an extra 1)) does not follow or obey the octet rule
Consider the reaction. 2Al(s)+Fe2O3(s)−→−heatAl2O3(s)+2Fe(l) If 20.4 kg Al reacts with an excess of Fe2O3, how many kilograms of Al2O3 will be produced?
Considering the reaction. 2Al(s)+Fe2O3(s)−→−heatAl2O3(s)+2Fe(l) the noles of Al₂O₃. will be produced 49.31 kilograms of Al₂O₃.
What is the chemical reaction?Generally, the equation for the chemical reaction is mathematically given as
[tex]$$2 \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{Fe}_2 \mathrm{O}_3(\mathrm{~s}) \rightarrow \text { heat }+\mathrm{Al}_2 \mathrm{O}_3(\mathrm{~s})+2 \mathrm{Fe} \text { (l) (1) }$$[/tex]
To find the mass of [tex]$\mathrm{Al}_2 \mathrm{O}_3$[/tex] produced, we need to find the number of moles of Al since it is the limiting reactant Fe_2 O_9 is in excess).
[tex]n_{A l}=\frac{m_{A l}}{A_{A i}} \quad \text { (2) }[/tex]
Where:
m_{{Al: }} is the mass of Al [tex]$=26.1 \mathrm{~kg}=26100 \mathrm{~g}$[/tex]
A_{A l} is the atomic mass of [tex]$\mathrm{Al}=26.982 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}$[/tex]
The number of moles of Al
[tex]n_{A l}=\frac{m_{A l}}{A_{A l}}=\frac{26100 g}{26.982 g / m d i}=967.31$ moles[/tex]
Two moles of aluminum react with one mole of iron oxide to generate one mole of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), as shown in Equation (1).
[tex]$n_{\mathrm{Al}_2 \mathrm{O}_3}=\frac{1 \text { mol } \mathrm{Al}_2 \mathrm{O}_3}{2 \text { moles } \mathrm{Al}} * 967.31$ moles $\mathrm{Al}=483.66$ moles[/tex]
Finally, the mass of Al_2 O_3 in kilograms is:
[tex]m=n_{A l_2 \mathrm{O}_3} * M M \\\\=483.66 \mathrm{moles} * 101.96 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol} \\\\=49313.5 \mathrm{~g}\\\\=49.31 \mathrm{~kg}$$[/tex]
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how does elemt's atomic mass differ from its mass number?
Answer:
Mass number is a whole number because it is the sum of number of proton and number of neutrons whereas atomic mass is fractional because it is the average relative mass of its atoms as compared with mass an atom of C-12 isotope taken as 12.
hope it helps you
Burning 1000.00 grams of glucose (C6H12o6) will produce how much carbon dioxide in grams
This is a stoichiometry problem, where we have an initial amount of reactant and we need to find out how much of the product will we end up with, in order to do that we need to:
1. Set up the properly balanced equation,
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
2. See how many moles of reactant there are in the given amount of grams, we have 1000 grams, the molar mass of glucose is 180.16g/mol
180.16g = 1 mol
1000g = x moles
180.16x = 1000
x = 1000/180.16
x = 5.55 moles of glucose in 1000 grams
3. Check the molar ratio between the two compounds, as we can see from the balanced equation, the molar ratio is 1:6, 1 mole of glucose to produce 6 moles of CO2, therefore if we have 5.55 moles of glucose:
1 C6H12O6 = 6 CO2
5.55 C6H12O6 = x CO2
x = 33.3 moles of CO2
4. Calculate how many grams will be equal to the number of moles that we found out, the number of moles is 33.3 moles, and the molar mass of CO2 is 44.01g/mol
44.01g = 1 mol
x grams = 33.3 moles of CO2
x = 33.3 * 44.01
x = 1465.5 grams of CO2 are produced
If you have 15.0 g of Na, how many grams of O2 are required for the reactionSodium reacts with oxygen to produce sodium oxide.4Na(s)+O2(g)→2Na2O(s)
Firstly we convert the mass of Na to moles of Na:
[tex]\begin{gathered} _nNa_{(s)}=\frac{mass}{molar\text{ }mass} \\ _nNa_{(s)}=\frac{15.0g}{14\text{ }gmol^{-1}} \\ _nNa_{(s)}=1.07\text{ }mole \end{gathered}[/tex]Based on the mole ratio 4 moles of Na reacts with 1 mole of O2. Therefore 1.07 mole of Na would react with x mole of oxygen gas. We determine x by:
[tex]\begin{gathered} _nO_{2(g)}=1.07\text{ }mole\div4 \\ _nO_{2(g)}=0.27\text{ }mole \end{gathered}[/tex]We will now convert 0.27mol of oxygen gas to mass of oxygen gas:
[tex]\begin{gathered} mass=mole\times molar\text{ }mass \\ mass=0.27\times32\text{ }gmol^{-1} \\ mass=8.64g \end{gathered}[/tex]Mass of O2 is 8.64g
what is change in velocity from the time he begin pushing to when he stops pushing
Acceleration is the change in velocity from the time he starts pushing to when he stops.
What is the definition of velocity?Velocity narrates how position changes, acceleration relates to how velocity changes. We can use this formula to answer velocity for the acceleration of the table Aston pushes a table across the floor with a force of 6 N. Assume the table has a mass of 6 kg and he pushes the table for 2 seconds. they may source of motion; they may also slow, stop, or velocity changes the path of an object at a time, and the forces can push or pull in any direction.
So we can conclude that At end velocity, the speed is not changing. If the speed is not changing, there is no force on the stage on the falling object or the forces acting on it are in.
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how are muscles able to keep making energy even when no food is eaten and glucose levels are low?
Although lipids hold the majority of the body's energy reserves, glycogen is the body's primary energy source.
Glucose is a polymer that makes up glycogen. Our body's primary source of energy is carbs. The remaining glucose in the body is turned into glycogen and stored in various places, but the majority of our body's energy reserves are found in fats, which are kept in the form of lipids.
Where does the energy come from in the muscles?
The chemical energy that is stored in our meals is used by muscles to produce heat and motion energy (kinetic energy). Energy is necessary for maintaining body temperature, promoting physical activity, and enabling tissue growth and repair. Foods high in protein, fat, and carbohydrates provide energy.
What Takes Place to Muscles in the Absence of Glucose?
Your body converts carbs, such as those found in bread or fruit, into glucose after consumption. Glycogen is the form of glucose that is stored in your muscles and liver and is used for energy when you are not eating or while you are exercising.
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3. (5) The essential amino acid phenylalanine (Figure 3) is present in NutraSweet®. First, fill
in the missing lone pairs in the figure. Next, identify the molecular geometry and the
approximate bond angles at the 5 designated atoms; summarize this information in a table
below the figure.
Amino and carboxylic acid functional groups can both be found in organic compounds known as amino acids. Of the many different amino acids found in nature, alpha-amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins, are by far the most important.
In PKU patients, phenylalanine can result in intellectual impairments, brain damage, seizures, and other issues. Milk, eggs, and meat are just a few examples of protein-rich foods that naturally contain phenylalanine. Phenylalanine-containing supplements are also on sale.
The chemical formula of phenylalanine, an essential - amino acid, is C 9H 11NO 2. It can be thought of as either a phenyl group in lieu of the terminal hydrogen of alanine or a benzyl group in place of the methyl group of alanine.
An amino acid called alanine, sometimes known as -alanine, is essential for the formation of proteins. The center carbon atom, which also carries a methyl group side chain, is connected to an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, respectively.
The amino acid alanine is necessary for the synthesis of proteins. Vitamin B-6 and tryptophan are broken down using it. It provides the central nervous system and muscles with energy. It helps the body use glucose and boosts the immune system.
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7a. What will the triangle H value be if 2 moles of solid carbon react with oxygen?
Solid carbon fuels having a high energy density in volume include coal and biomass. They are widely dispersed throughout the entire world. They are currently the main energy sources used in traditional thermal power plants to produce electricity.
What is Triangle H value ?A thermodynamic system's enthalpy, which is one of its properties, is calculated by adding the system's internal energy to the product of its pressure and volume. It is a state function that is frequently employed in measurements of chemical, biological, and physical systems at constant pressure, which the sizable surrounding environment conveniently provides.
It is employed to figure out how much heat a chemical reaction produces. In calorimetry, heat flow is measured using the change in enthalpy. It is measured to assess a Joule-Thomson expansion or throttling process. To determine the minimum power required for a compressor, enthalpy is employed.
What is Solid carbon ?The goal of Solid Carbon is to securely and permanently store carbon dioxide (CO2) in rocks. Direct CO2 extraction from the atmosphere or ocean is the goal.
Injection of carbon dioxide causes gas bubbles to rise up like champagne bubbles from the liquid metal. The gas molecule splits up into flakes of solid carbon in a matter of nanoseconds as the bubbles pass through the liquid metal.
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1. A gas has a Volume of 10 L and a temp of 200 K. If the volume increases to 20 L, what is the new temp?
For this question we can use the formula provided from Charles's Law, which is:
V1/T1 = V2/T2
We have:
V1 = 10 Liters
T1 = 200 K
V2 = 20 L
T2 = ?
Now we add the values to the formula:
10/200 = 20/T2
0.05 = 20/T2
T2 = 400 K
The chemical reaction that you will model is shown below. Calcium oxide (CaO) is a white
solid with a crystalline structure. It is made by heating limestone, coral, seashells, or chalk,
which are composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). During the heating process,
carbon dioxide (CO2) is released and calcium oxide (CaO) is produced. Commercially,
calcium oxide is called lime. One of the oldest uses of lime is to make mortar, a substance
used in construction to secure bricks, stones, and blocks together.
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Calcium carbonate is made by passing carbon dioxide through slaked lime or calcium oxide CaO. Mainly eggshells, sedimentary rocks and minerals, seashells etc. are composed of calcium carbonate, CaCO₃.
What is calcium carbonate?Calcium carbonate is an inorganic compound made by passing carbon dioxide gas through slaked lime or calcium oxide. This reaction is an example of combination reaction.
Calcium carbonate can be easily decomposed into its constituents carbon dioxide and and calcium oxide. The decomposition of calcium carbonate is an exothermic reaction thus heat is evolved to the surrounding.
Rocks and minerals are mainly made of calcium deposits. Calcium carbonate is mainly found in minerals, sedimentary rocks, eggshells, seashell etc.
Therefore the materials which are composed of calcium carbonate are, minerals, eggshells, seashells etc.
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Is telephone a matter
Answer:
yes any physical substance is matter, solid liquid and gas and a telephone is a solid
Explanation:
1. How many grams of glucose would you need to make up 1000cm³ of 0.5 Mol/dm³?
2.Your science teacher only requires 50cm³ of 1.5 Mol glucose soulution. How much glucose will you need to weigh out to dissolve into 50cm³?
3. The solution you have made in question 2 is called your 100% solution. How much glucose would you need to weigh out to make a 10cm³ 40% solution?
1. Grams of glucose would you need to make up 1000cm³ of 0.5 Mol/dm³ is 2000 gram
2.Glucose will you need to weigh out to dissolve into 50cm³ is 1.5cm³
3.Glucose would you need to weigh out to make a 10cm³ 40% solution is 0.225 cm³
Gram is the unit mass and glucose is the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body cells
1. Here given data is glucose = 000cm³ of 0.5 Mol/dm³
We have to find gram of glucose = mass of solute/formula mass of solute
Gram of glucose = 1000/0.5
Gram of glucose = 2000 gram
2. Here given data is 50cm³of 1.5 mol glucose solution
We have to find glucose will you need to weigh out to dissolve into 50cm³ =?
So, M₁ = 50cm³ V₁ = 1.5 Mol M₂ = 50cm³ V₂ =?
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
V₂ = M₁V₁/M₂
V₂ = 50cm³×1.5 Mol /50cm³
V₂ = 1.5cm³
Glucose will you need to weigh out to dissolve is 1.5cm³
3.The solution you have made in question 2 is called your 100% solution and we have to find glucose would you need to weigh out to make a 10cm³ 40% solution =?
So, M₁V₁ = M₂V₂ = M₃V₃
M₁ = 50cm³ V₁ = 1.5 Mol M₂ = 50cm³ V₂ = 1.5cm³ M₃= 10cm³ V₃ = ?
V₃ = M₁V₁×M₂V₂/M₃V₃
V₃ = 50cm³ × 1.5 Mol/50cm³×1.5cm³/10cm³
V₃ = 0.225 cm³
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The concentration of cholesterol (C27H46O) in normal blood is approximately 0.005 M.How many grams of cholesterol are in 610 mL of blood?Express your answer to one significant figure and include the appropriate units
Answer
The grams of cholesterol in 610 mL of blood to one significant figure = 1.0 g
Explanation
Given:
The concentration of cholesterol (C27H46O) in normal blood = 0.005 M
The volume of blood = 610 mL = 0.610 L
What to find:
The grams of cholesterol in 610 mL of blood.
Step-by-step solution:
Step 1: Determine the moles of cholesterol.
The number of moles of cholesterol in the blood can be calculated using the molarity formula, which is
[tex]\begin{gathered} Molarity=\frac{Moles}{Volume\text{ }in\text{ }L} \\ \\ Moles=Molarity\times Volume\text{ }in\text{ }L \\ \\ Moles=0.005\text{ }M\times0.610\text{ }L \\ \\ Moles=3.05\times10^{-3}\text{ }mol \end{gathered}[/tex]Step 2: Calculate the molar mass of cholesterol.
Using the atomic masses of (H = 1.00784, C = 12.011, O = 15.999) from the periodic table, the molar mass of cholesterol is calculated as follows:
[tex]\begin{gathered} C_{27}H_{46}O=(27\times12.011)+(46\times1.00784)+15.999 \\ \\ C_{27}H_{46}O=324.297+46.36064+15.999 \\ \\ C_{27}H_{46}O=386.68\text{ }g\text{/}mol \end{gathered}[/tex]Step 3: Determine the grams of Cholesterol.
The grams of cholesterol in 610 mL of blood will be:
[tex]\begin{gathered} Mass=Moles\times Molar\text{ }mass \\ \\ Mass=3.05\times10^{-3}\text{ }mol\times386.68\text{ }g\text{/}mol \\ \\ Mass=1.179\text{ }grams\approx1.0\text{ }gram \end{gathered}[/tex]Hence, the grams of cholesterol in 610 mL of blood to one significant figure is 1.0 g.
Particle X has 16 protons, 17 neutrons and 18 electrons. Particle X
a. an atom of a metal
b. an atom of a noble gas
c. an anion
d. a cation
Particle X has 16 protons, 17 neutrons and 18 electrons. Particle X will be an anion.
As we know that for an atom the atomic number is equal to the number of protons and the number of electrons present in that atom.
And for this given atom, the number of protons are 16 while the number of electrons are 18. This is only possible when the atom has gained some electrons which made it an anion.
Anions are ions that are negatively charged. Ions are charged atoms or molecules. If a balanced atom gains one or more electrons, it will become a negatively charged anion.
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A 8.67 g sample of an unknown salt (MM= 116.82 g/mol) is dissolved in 150.00 g water in a coffee cup calorimeter. Before placing the sample in the water the temperature of the salt and water is 23.72 °C. After the salt has completely dissolved the temperature of the solution is 28.54 °C.
What is the total mass inside the calorimeter in grams?
Was the dissolution process endothermic or exothermic?
a)The total mass of the solution is 158.67 g
b)Owing to the fact that the temperature rose thus it dissolved exothermically.
What is the heat evolved?Let us recall that an endothermic reaction is one in which heat is absorbed while the exothermic reaction is one in which heat is evolved.
Number of moles of the substance = 8.67 g/116.82 g/mol = 0.074 moles
Temperature change inside the calorimeter = 28.54 °C - 23.72 °C = 4.82°C
Let us recall that the total mass in the calorimeter is the mass the solute and that of the solvent. Hence the total mass can be given as; 8.67 g + 150.00 g = 158.67 g
The dissolution process is exothermic.
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Given that Fe (iron) has a specific heat capacity
of 0.4490 J/g.°C, what is the heat energy (in J)
needed to raise the temperature of a 30.00 g Fe
cube from 40.0 °C to 100.0 °C?
808.2J heat energy needed to raise the temperature of a 30g Fe cube from 40°C to 100°C .
Given,
Fe (iron) has a specific heat capacity
= c = 0.4490 J/g°C
mass of iron = m = 30g
initial temperature = T1 = 40°C
final temperature = T2 = 100°C
thus, temperature change = ∆T = (100-40 )°C= 60°C
According to the formula of heat energy(Q) ,
Q = mc∆T
Q = 30g × 0.449J/g°C × 60°C = 808.2 J
Hence, 808.2J heat energy needed to raise the temperature of a 30g Fe cube from 40°C to 100°C .
What is Specific heat capacity ?The amount of energy needed to raise a material's heat content by precisely 1°C per gramme is known as specific heat, or Csp.
mathematically,
c = Q /m×∆T
Where
Q = quantity of heat absorbed by a body
m = mass of the body
∆t = Rise in temperature
C = Specific heat capacity of a substance depends on the nature of the material of the substance.
S.I unit of specific heat is J kg-1 K-1
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Answer the questions based on the diagram.
How many electrons are in the n = 1 shell?
How many electrons are in the n = 2 shell?
How many electrons are needed to complete fluorine's outer shell?
How many electrons are being shared between the two fluorine atoms?
How many bonds exist between the two fluorine atoms?
The correct solution to the task above according to the diagram is given below:
(a) There are 2 electrons in the n = 1 shell(b) There are 7 electrons in the n = 2 shell(c) The number of electrons needed to complete fluorine's outer shell is 1(d) Two electrons are being shared between two different fluorine atoms.(e) The number of bonds which exist between the two fluorine atoms is 1, a single bond.The complete diagram is attached.
What is meant by n = 1 shell?The n = 1 shell simply refers to first shell in the electron orbit of an atom; specifically, shell k. The maximum number of electrons which shell k or n = 1 can accommodate or take is just 2.
So therefore, it can be deduced from above that the shell k is the same as n = 1 .
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What is the average speed of a car that traveled 300.0 miles in 5.5 hours?
Answer:
51 mph
Explanation:
Why does zinc only form a 2+ ion?
Answer:
this is almost true based on its electronic structure zinc only forms a 2+ ion
Explanation:
Given this equation: 3 MgCl2 + 2 Al → 3 Mg + 2 AlCl3, if 2.3 moles of magnesium chloride reacted how many moles of aluminum chloride are produced?
ANSWER
The number of moles of aluminum chloride is 1.533 moles
STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION:
Given information
Number of moles of Magnesium chloride = 2.3 moles
The next thing is to write the balanced equation of the reaction
[tex]3MgCl_2\text{ + 2Al }\rightarrow3Mg+2AlCl_3[/tex]From the balanced chemical reaction equation, you will see that 3 moles of Magnesium chloride react with 2 moles of aluminum to produce 3 moles of magnesium and 2 moles of aluminum chloride.
The next step is to find the number of moles of aluminum chloride in the reaction using a stoichiometry ratio.
Let x represents the number of moles of aluminum chloride
From the chemical reaction equation,
3 moles of magnesium chloride give 2 moles of aluminum chloride
2. 3 moles of magnesium will give x moles of aluminum chloride
The above statement can be translated below as
[tex]\begin{gathered} 3\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ 2} \\ 2.3\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ x} \\ \text{Cross multiply} \\ 3\cdot\text{ x = 2 }\cdot\text{ 2.3} \\ 3x\text{ = 4.6} \\ \text{Divide both sides by 3} \\ \frac{3x}{3}\text{ = }\frac{4.6}{3} \\ x\text{ = 1.5333 moles} \end{gathered}[/tex]Since x represents the number of moles of aluminum chloride, therefore, the number of moles of aluminum chloride is 1.533 moles
you are setting up a dideoxysequencing reaction. what is the correct ratio of dntps (deoxyribonucleotides) to ddntps (dideoxyribonucletides)?
Correct ratio of dntps (deoxyribonucleotides) to ddntps (dideoxyribonucletides) is Adding more dNTPs than ddNTPs
The triphosphates of nucleosides that contain deoxyribose are known as deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs). They lose two phosphate groups as they are integrated into DNA during replication, making them the fundamental units of DNA. When a DNA primer is hybridized to a complementary DNA template, DNA polymerases expand the hybrid by using dNTPs. The developing strand's 3′-hydroxyl terminus and the entering dNTP's -phosphate produce a phosphodiester link as the proper dNTP is integrated into it. A DNA molecule is made up of nucleotides called dNTPs. The Sanger sequencing process makes use of nucleotides called ddNTPs. Structure. is made comprised of a 3'OH group in the deoxyribose sugar. During PCR, the DNA polymerase first elongates the sequencing primer, which then hybridizes the PCR products.
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How many moles of each element are present in CH4?
To calculate the moles of each element in methane:
We will use the avogadros number.
For C:
1 mole = 6.022x10^23 atoms
in CH4 there is only 1 carbon.
Which is 1 x 6.022x10^23 atoms = 1 mole
There is 1 moles of carbon.
For H:
For hydrogen its 4 x 6.022x10^23 atoms = 4 moles
therefore there are 4 moles of hydrogen.
Lesson 8 Chemical Compounds
Write an expository essay and explain the following essential content points.
*The difference between ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds
*how electrons are involved in each type of bond
The difference between ionic, covalent and metallic bonds are
Ionic bond is formed by the transfer of valence electron from one atom to another. It is also called as electrovalent bond. example given as follows
Na⁺ + Cl⁻ ----> NaCl
Covalent bond is formed when two atoms share their valence electron or we can say that by mutual sharing of one or more electrons between atoms.
H + H ----> H₂
Metallic bond is formed when collective sharing of valence electrons between several positively charged metal ions in metal lattice.
the images are attached at the end related to ionic bond , covalent bond and metallic bond.
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How does the atomic radius change going down and across the periodic table? (1 point)
Answer:
Larger atomic radius as you go down a column.
Smaller atomic radius as you go across a period.
Explanation:
Going down the periodic table, the atomic radius increases because each new period adds a new energy level/electron shell. New orbitals must be added outside of the pre-existing orbitals, expanding the atomic radius. For instance, the third period introduces the third energy level (3s) versus the fifth period which introduces the fifth energy level (5s).
Going across the periodic table, the atomic radius decreases because the number of protons within the nuclei increases. When there are more positively-charged protons, they have a greater pull on the negatively-charged electrons, thus brining them closer to the nucleus and shrinking the atomic radius. For instance, the atomic radius of chlorine (17 protons) is smaller than the atomic radius of the elements which lie to its left, such as phosphorus (15 protons) and sulfur (16 protons).
Which of the following would be most likely to happen if DNA and RNA remained in the nucleus of
the cell?
O RNA polymerase would link nitrogen bases to DNA but not RNA.
O Transcription could not take place.
O DNA functioning would remain the same, but RNA would not be able to make proteins.
O Both DNA and RNA would be double-stranded.
Cells read out or express the genetic instructions in their genes through transcription and translation.
RNA Is Produced by the Transcription of Parts of DNAA cell first copies a specific region of its DNA nucleotide sequence a gene into an RNA nucleotide sequence before reading out a necessary component of its genetic instructions.Despite being replicated into a different chemical form, the information in RNA is still expressed using a nucleotide sequence, which is effectively the same language as DNA. Therefore, transcription.Additionally, as we will see in the following chapter, a cell may modify (or regulate) the expression of each of its genes depending on the circumstances, most obviously by managing the RNA it produces.To Learn more About Cell, Refer:
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When 38.0 mL of 0.1250 M H2SO4 is added to 100 mL of a solution of PbI2, a
precipitate of PbSO4 forms. The PbSO4 is then filtered from the solution, dried, and
weighed. If the recovered PbSO4 is found to have a mass of 0.0471 g, what was the
concentration of iodide ions in the original solution?
The concentration of the iodide ions is obtained as 4.75 * 10^-4 M.
What is the concentration of iodide ions in the original solution?We know that the concentration has to do with the amount of substance that is in the solution. In this case, we have been told that n 38.0 mL of 0.1250 M sulfuric acid is added to 100 mL of a solution of lead II iodide a lead II sulfate precipitate is formed and when filtered we obtain 0.0471 g of the filtrate and we want to find the concentration of the iodide ions in the original solution.
We must look to the balanced reaction equation as well as the stoichiometry of the reaction as we know it in this case.
Number of moles = volume * concentration of solution
Number of moles of sulfuric acid = 38/1000 L * 0.1250 M
= 4.75 * 10^-5 moles
Now we know that the reaction is 1:1 so;
Number of moles = volume * concentration of solution
concentration of solution = Number of moles/ volume
= 4.75 * 10^-5 moles/100 * 10^-3 L
= 4.75 * 10^-4 M
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The partial pressure of oxygen gas in our atmosphere is approximately
pressure is 1 atm.
(Our atmosphere is about 20% O2.)
20 torr
40 torr
780 torr
152 torr
760 torr
The partial pressure of oxygen gas in our atmosphere is approximately pressure is 152 torr.
The above problem is solved by using the concept of mole fraction.
As we know that,
Mole fraction = Moles of gas/ Total number of moles
In our atmosphere Oxygen is about 20%. So we can say that mole fraction is 0.2.
So,
0.2 = Partial pressure of gas / Total pressure
As we know that the pressure of atmosphere is 1 atm or in terms of torr it is 749.
By substituting all the values, we get
0.2 = partial pressure of gas/ 749
Partial pressure of gas = 749 × 0.2 = 149.8 torr
which is approximately 152 torr.
Thus, we concluded that the partial pressure of oxygen gas in our atmosphere is approximately
pressure is 152 torr.
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A. Calculate the number of atoms in 1.15 × 10−6 moles of helium.
B. Calculate the number of moles of helium that contains 4.77 × 1021 atoms.
A. The number of atoms in 1.15×10⁻⁶ moles of helium is 6.92645×10¹⁷.
B. The number of moles of helium that contains 4.77×10²¹ atoms is 7.9196×10⁻³ moles.
according to the definition of Avogadro's Number.
Avogadro's NumberAvogadro's Number is called the number of particles (usually atoms or molecules) that exist in one mole of any substance. Its value is 6.023×10²³ particles per mole.
Number of atoms of heliumYou can apply the following rule of three: If 1 mole contains 6.023×10²³ atoms of helium, 1.15×10⁻⁶ moles of helium contains how many atoms?
amount of atoms of atoms= (1.15×10⁻⁶ moles× 6.023×10²³ atoms)÷ 1 mole
amount of atoms of atoms= 6.92645×10¹⁷ moles
Then, there is 6.92645×10¹⁷ atoms.
Number of moles of heliumYou can apply the following rule of three: if 6.023×10²³ atoms are contained in 1 mole of helium, then 4.77×10²¹ atoms are contained in how many moles of helium
amount of moles of helium= (4.77×10²¹ atoms × 1 mole)÷ 6.023×10²³ atoms
amount of moles of helium= 7.9196×10⁻³ moles
Finally, there is 7.9196×10⁻³ moles.
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