Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 2.778 moles of oxygen are needed to react with 100 grams of aluminum.
Reaction stoichiometryIn first place, the balanced reaction is:
4 Al + 3 O₂ → 2 Al₂O₃
By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:
Al: 4 molesO₂: 3 molesAl₂O₃: 2 molesThe molar mass of the compounds is:
Al: 27 g/moleO₂: 32 g/moleAl₂O₃: 102 g/moleThen, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:
Al: 4 moles ×27 g/mole= 108 gramsO₂: 3 moles ×32 g/mole= 96 gramsAl₂O₃: 2 moles ×102 g/mole= 204 gramsMoles of O₂ requiredThe following rule of three can be applied: If by reaction stoichiometry 108 grams of Al react with 3 moles of O₂, 100 grams of Al react with how many moles of O₂?
moles of O₂= (100 grams of Al× 3 moles of O₂)÷ 108 grams of Al
moles of O₂= 2.778 moles
Finally, 2.778 moles of oxygen are needed.
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Select the best answer for the question.
10. What's the structure of PF,? Is it polar or non-polar?
O A. Trigonal bipyramidal, non-polar
OB. Square pyramid, polar
O C. Square pyramid, non-polar
O D. Trigonal bipyramidal, polar
You have a sample containing 4.5 g of an unknown gas. Based on the volume, temperature, and pressure of the sample, there are 0.14 moles of gas present. What is the molar mass of this unknown gas?
A sample containing 4.5 g of an unknown gas. Based on the volume, temperature, and pressure of the sample, there are 0.14 moles of gas present. the molar mass of this unknown gas is
given that :
the mass of unknown gas = 4.5 g
number of moles of unknown gas = 0.14 mol
the number of moles is given as :
number of moles = mass / molar mass
molar mass of unknown gas = mass / moles
= 4.5 / 0.14
= 32.14 g/mol
Thus, A sample containing 4.5 g of an unknown gas. Based on the volume, temperature, and pressure of the sample, there are 0.14 moles of gas present. the molar mass of this unknown gas is
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please help me with it
Explanation:
I can't see the questions!!
In the SI system of units [International System of Units], the mole is one of seven base units. It is frequently used in chemical calculations. However, a mole of something is just a particular quantity of it. It is not a unit of measure in the way that meters, seconds, and kilograms are. Calculations performed with the number of moles of a substance could also be performed with the number of particles of a substance. Based on this information, do you think that the mole should be considered a base unit in the SI system? Explain why or why not.
A Mole should not be considered a base unit in the SI system.
SI system is a metric system which is also known as the International system of units. Most of the measurements across the globe is measured by SI system. SI units are used in nearly every part of the globe, such as science, technology, mathematics and many more. The system includes coherent units known as derived units.
A Mole is not considered as any property of the units and also it is not a base unit.Moles can be considered for chemical and physical comparison.A Mole of a substance can indicate the number of particles of that substance.Learn more about SI system from the link given below.
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Meghan is baking cookies. When she turns the oven on, she notices that the heating coils in the back of the oven start to glow orange. As she opens the oven to place the cookie sheet on the oven rack, she can feel the warmth from the oven. She watches the cookies puff up and turn a golden brown. Read the paragraph that describes energy as Meghan bakes. Choose the word that correctly completes each sentence. Baking cookies in the oven is an example of how energy is . Electrical energy is neither or . Thermal energy either from one object to another as it is transferred or into a different form as it is transformed.
1. Baking cookies in the oven is an example of how energy is conserved.
2. Electrical energy is neither transformed nor transferred.
3. Thermal energy either moves from one object to another as it is transferred or changes into a different form as it is transformed.
Baking is the process of cooking with dry heat, particularly in an oven. It is most likely the oldest type of cooking. Bakery goods including bread, rolls, cookies, pies, pastries, and muffins are typically made with flour or meal that comes from grains of some kind.
The stages of the ingredients originally start out in distinct states (e.g., flour is solid, eggs are liquid, etc.), and they change several times as the cookies bake. When they are combined to create cookie dough, a state known as a colloid results (like a mix between solid and liquid). Eventually, the cookies reach a solid state when baking is.
Thus, Baking cookies in the oven is an example of how energy is conserved . Electrical energy is neither transferred or transformed . Thermal energy either moves from one object to another as it is transferred or changes into a different form as it is transformed.
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To what volume should you dilute 35 mL of a 12 M stock HCl solution to obtain a 0.500 M
HCl solution?
Volume should you dilute 35 mL of a 12 M stock HCl solution to obtain a 0.500 M is 840 mL,
Given that :
Molarity of the solution M1 = 12 M
volume of the solution V1 = 35 mL
Molarity of the solution after the dilution M2 = 0.500 M
volume of the solution after the dilution V2 = ?
the dilution law states that :
M1 V1 = M2 V2
12 × 35 = 0.500 × V2
V2 = 840 mL
Thus, Volume should you dilute 35 mL of a 12 M stock HCl solution to obtain a 0.500 M is 840 mL.
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One of the main components of an airbag is the gas that fills it. As part of the design process, you need to
determine the exact amount of nitrogen that should be produced. Calculate the number of moles of
nitrogen required to fill the airbag. Show your work. Assume that the nitrogen produced by the chemical
reaction is at a temperature of 495°C and that nitrogen gas behaves like an ideal gas. Use this fact sheet
u to review the ideal gas law.
The number of moles of the gas is 0.016 moles
The airbag reaction is the nitrogen gas obtained by the decomposition of sodium azide and the reaction is
2NaN₃ → 2Na + 3N₂
Then it is under ideal condition
P = 1atm
V = 1L
T = 495°C or 768 K
n = ?
We have to calculate moles of nitrogen = ?
R = 0.082 atm LK⁻¹mol⁻¹
So the formula is
PV =nRT
n = PV/RT
n = 1 atm×1L/0.082 atm LK⁻¹mol⁻¹×768 K
n = 0.016 moles
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50 POINTS!!! PLS ANSWER FAST In each test, iron(II) sulfate and iron(III) nitrate were combined with the same substance or substances. However, the sulfate and nitrate parts of the compounds didn’t participate in any of the chemical reactions; only the iron ions reacted. Comparing the results for each pair of tests, what can you conclude about the iron(II) and iron(III) ions?
Answer:
In each test, iron(II) sulfate and iron(III) nitrate were combined with the same substance or substances. However, the sulfate and nitrate parts of the compounds didn’t participate in any of the chemical reactions; only the iron ions reacted. Comparing the results for each pair of tests, what can you conclude about the iron(II) and iron(III) ions? i need the answer to it please do this
There are various kind of reaction like combustion reaction, displacement reaction. So to solve this problem we must be knowing the displacement reaction. Displacement reaction is taking place over here
What is displacement reaction?
Displacement reaction is a reaction in which one atom replaces other atom from a molecule on the basis of reactivity strength. The element which on the top of reactivity series displace the element that is lying below to that reactive element
According to our question the balanced equation is
FeSO₄+Zn ZnSO₄+Fe(II)
Fe(NO₃)₂+Zn Zn(NO₃)₂+Fe(II)
In both reaction Zn is more reactive than Fe(II) and Fe(III) that is why Zn replace or displace iron ion from its compound of sulfate and nitrate. Metal displace metals. anions are displaced by anions. So, here metal is displaced by zinc.
Thus we can conclude that zinc is more reactive than iron Fe(II) and Fe(III). Displacement reaction is taking place over here
Hope this helps!
Which identifies an oxidation-reduction reaction?
a double replacement reaction
a neutralization reaction
a reaction in which oxidation numbers change
a reaction in which no electrons are transferred
Answer:
c. a reaction in which oxidation numbers change
Explanation:
In an oxidation reaction there is loss of electrons whereas in a reduction reaction there is gain of electrons. Therefore, a reaction in which oxidation numbers change identifies an oxidation-reduction reaction.
Answer:
C: a reaction in which oxidation numbers change.
Explanation:
Why might a chemist add a buffer to a solution?
The buffer can keep the pH stable when small amounts of acid or base are added.
The buffer can magnify the changes to pH caused by adding small amounts of acid or base.
The buffer changes color to indicate the pH of the solution.
The buffer reacts with the acid or base in solution to form a useful product.
A chemist adds a buffer to a solution because the buffer can keep the pH stable when small amounts of acid or base are added. Thus, Option A is correct.
Buffer is a solution that resists the change in pH when acid or alkali is added in a small amount. Buffer is made up of weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. It absorbs H+ and OH- ions when strong acid or alkali is added so that the pH remains the same and neutralizes the added acid or alkali. While maintaining the pH of the solution, the pH of the buffer changes in a small amount.
Thus, a chemist adds a buffer to a solution to keep the pH constant when strong acid or base is added.
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An atom is found to have 44 Protons.
What would be necessary to balance out the charge, making it a neutral atom?
For any component: Proton count equals atomic number
Number of protons plus number of electrons equals the atomic number.
The number of neutrons is equal to the atomic number-mass number.
What does atomic number mean?The quantity of protons in an element's atom is known as the atomic number. The atomic number of krypton in our illustration is 36. This indicates that the nucleus of a ruthenium atom contains 36 protons.
Every atom of ruthenium has 44 protons, which is intriguing. A Ruthenium atom cannot exist if it does not have 44 protons. A distinct element is produced by changing the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. An atom of rhodium is produced, for instance, by taking one proton away from a krypton atom.
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What is the strength of the final solution of a 20% solution is diluted twice 1:5, then 1:2?
The final solution has a strength of 2%.
Let the initial volume of solution = x unit^3
The solution is initially by 20%
Amount of solute = x*20/100
= x/5 unit^3
Now,
We first diluted by 1:5
1 part of initial solution is diluted with 4 parts of diluent
For 'x' unit^3 solution,
Diluent added = 4x unit^3
Total volume of solution becomes = x+4x
= 5x unit^3
Now,
We diluted by 1:2
1 part of solution is diluted with 1 part of diluent
5x unit^3 of solution is diluted with 5x unit^3 of diluent
Final solution = 5x + 5x = 10x unit^3
Final strength = (Amount of Solute/Final solution)*100%
= (x/5/10x)*100%
= x/50x*100%
= 2%
The final strength of final solution is 2%
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Consider an atom of Sulfur. Predict one atom in the same group which is larger than a sulfur atom, and one which is smaller. Using these trends and your understanding of Coulomb's Law, analyze how forces of attraction and repulsion affect the size of an atom.
Explanation:
as the number of shell increased the size of the atom increase but the same shell with different number of valence electron, as electron number increase the attraction between nucleus and valance electron increased then the atom becomes shrinks and so the size of it decreased.
Using the table from the previous question determine which substance would sink if placed in the pan of mercury.
Iron
Copper
Lead
Gold
All of them
Any object which have less density than the mercury will float in it and which have higher density will sink on it. Here, gold has higher density than mercury. Thus it will sink on mercury.
What is density?Density of a substance is the measure of its mass per volume. Thus it says about how much denser the substance is in a specific volume. The ratio of density of an object to the density of water is called specific gravity.
The density of mercury is 13.4 g/ml. Any object which is less dense than mercury will float on its surface whereas, objects which have higher density than mercury will sink on it.
The density of gold is 79.3 g/ml. All other given metals iron, lead and copper have a density less than that of mercury. Hence the substance which sink on mercury is gold. Option Dis correct.
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While bowling, Sean stands 19 meters away from the pins and throws his bowling ball down the lane. The ball rolls at a constant velocity of 7.2meterspersecond toward the pins. How far will the ball roll in 2.5seconds?
This graph shows the displacements and times for the winner of
a horse race.
What was the average speed of the horse that won the race?
O 0.05 m/s
O 20 m/s
O 45 m/s
Can a chain reaction occur with only one radioactive nucleus? Explain why or why not
Yes, a chain reaction can only be carried out using just one atom.
What is a chain reaction?We know that a chain reaction has to do with the type of reaction in which there is a a continuous self sustaining reaction. In this kind of reaction, there is one radioactive material that is bombarded by a particle such as a neutron. The bombardment of the particle would make the a cycle of reactions to begin which is able to sustain itself.
Given the fact that we only need to have a single radioactive atom that is bombarded for the process of radioactivity to occur tell us that it is a process that requires just one atom.
Take for instance, all we need is one Uranium fuel that would be bombarded with neutrons in order to have a chain reaction that involves uranium.
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Consider a heat engine that uses reservoirs at 800°C and 0°C.
(a) Calculate the maximum possible efficiency.
(b) If Qh is 1000 J, find the maximum value of -w and the minimum value of -Qc. R = 8,314 J/mol. K
The maximum possible efficiency of the heat engine that uses reservoirs at 800°C and 0°C is 74%.
Maximum efficiency is mainly calculated for heat engines.
Let the starting temperature be T1 and the 2nd temperature is T2.
Since the given temperatures are in Celcius form, we have to first convert the temperatures into Kelvin form for proper calculation of maximum efficiency.
So, T1 = 0 + 273 = 273 K
T2 = 800 + 273 = 1073 K
We know,
Maximum efficiency = (T2- T1)/T2
= (1073 - 273) / 1073
= 800 / 1073
= 0.74
= 74 %
Therefore, the maximum efficiency of the heat engine will be 74%.
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Avogadro's constant is the same as the number of
a. magnesium atoms in 24g of magnesium
b. nitrogen molecules in 14g of nitrogen
c. copper II sulfate formula units in 160g of copper II sulfate
Avogadro's constant is the same as the number of copper II sulfate formula units in 160g of copper II sulfate; option C.
What is Avogadro's constant?Avogadro's constant is a number that describes the number of particles in 1 mole of a substance.
The value of the Avogadro constant is 6.02 * 10²³.
The carbon-12 isotope is used as the standard to define the mole of a substance.
12 grams of the carbon-12 isotope contains the Avogadro number of particles which is equal to 6.02 * 10²³.
Hence, 1 mole of a substance is defined as the amount of a substance that contains as many elementary particles as there are in 12 grams of carbo-12.
Considering the given substances:
a. 24g of magnesium off magnesium contains two moles of magnesium atoms.
b. 14g of nitrogen gas contains 0.5 moles of nitrogen gas molecules
c. 160g of copper (ii) sulfate contains 1 mole of copper (ii) sulfate formula units. Hence, this is equal to the Avogadro constant
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A sample of grape juice has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1.4 × 10-10 M. Is the grape juice more or less acidic than a sample of orange juice that has a hydronium ion concentration of 1.8 × 10-4 M? To compare the acidity of the orange juice and grape juice, compare the hydronium ion concentrations and/or pH values of the two solutions. How does the acidity of a solution vary with hydronium ion concentration and pH?
For the grape juice, we get that the hydroxyl ion concentration is 1.4 ×10-10M.
Hence, pOH will be = -log[1.4*10⁻¹⁰] which is approximately 9.6.
Now the value of pH will be = 14-pOH = 14 - 9.6 = 4.4.
For the orange juice, we know that the H+ or hydronium ion concentration is 1.8 × 10-4 M.
Then, the value of the pH will be= -log[1.8*10⁻⁴]=3.7.
Thus from the above result, it is clear that the range juice has lower pH, hence it will be more acidic. While the grape juice will be less acidic.
The pH can either go up or down depending on the change in hydronium concentration. If the hydronium concentration increases, the pH decreases, causing the solution to become more acidic. This happens when an acid is introduced. As H+ ions dissociate from the acid and bond with water, they form hydronium ions, thus increasing the hydronium concentration of the solution. If the hydronium concentration decreases, the pH increases, resulting in a solution that is less acidic and more basic. This is caused by the OH^- ions that dissociate from bases
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how much will the temperature of 5.00g of silver decrease if it loses 982 j of heat ?
The temperature of the silver will decrease by -828.7 °C
if it loses 982 J of heat energy
How do I determine the temperature change?From calorimetry, we understood that heat released or lost is given by:
Q = MCΔT
Where
Q is heatM is the mass C is the specific heat capacityΔT is the temperature change
With the above formula, we can determine the temperature change of the silver. This is illustrated below
Mass of silver (M) = 5.00 gHeat lost (Q) = -982 JSpecific heat capacity of silver (C) = 0.237 J/gºC Temperature change (ΔT) = 124Q = MCΔT
-982 = 5 × 0.237 × ΔT
-982 = 1.185 × ΔT
Divide both side by 1.185
ΔT = -982 / 1.185
ΔT = -828.7 °C
Thus, the temperature will decrease by -828.7 °C
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The sun, moon, and planets of the solar system are shown with their orbits.
The loops in Ptolemy’s model, and those shown on the video, are called motion.
This phenomenon is caused by Earth’s orbit than those of other planets.
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Answer: 1 one is B 2 one is C 3 one is A
The sun, moon, and planets of the solar system are shown with their orbits.
The loops in Ptolemy’s
1 one
A retrograde
B geocentric
C retrograde
model, and those shown on the video, are called
2 one
A heliocentric
B geocentric
C retrograde
motion.
This phenomenon is caused by Earth’s
3 one
A faster
B slower
C larger
orbit than those of other planets.
Compare the properties of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of the kinetic molecular theory.
Calculate the molarity of 25.7 g of MgS in 919 mL of solution.
What do you mean by molarity?
Molarity-Molarity is a term that is used to show concentration of the solution . It is different from molality as it is expressed in mol per L , whereas molality is expressed in mol per kg.
Given:
Mass of Mgs is 25.7 g.Volume of the solution is 919 ml.The mole of Mgs is calculated as follows :
Mole= Mass / Molar Mass
= 25.7g/56.38 g/mol
= 0.455 mol.
The molarity of Mgs solution is calculated as follows :-
Molarity =Mole/Volume ( L )
=0.455mol/919ml* 1000ml/1L
=0.495M
Thus, the molarity of the solution is 0.495 M.
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A piece of an unknown metal with mass 23.8g is heated to 100.0 degrees Celsius and dropped into 50.0
cm³ of water at 24.0 degrees Celsius. The final temperature of the system is 32.5 degrees Celsius. What is the specific heat of the metal?
The specific heat of the metal is 1.1106 J/g°C
Specific heat is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one celsius degree
Here given data is
Mass of unknown metal = 23.8g
Temprature = 100°C
Mass of water = 50.0cm³ = 50 g
Temprature of water = 24.0°C
Final temprature of the system = 32.5°C
We have to find specific heat = ?
So first we determine the heat gain by water
Specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g°C
Q = mcΔT
Q = 50 g×8.5°C×4.18 J/g°C
Q = 1776.5 Joules
Then we determine the total heat lost by the unknown metal
Taking the specific heat f the metal to be x
Heat = 23.8g×67.5°C×x
1776.5 Joules = 23.8g×67.5°C×x
1776.5 Joules = 1606.5 J
x = 1606.5 J/1776.5 Joule
x = 1.1106 J/g°C
Specific heat of the metal is 1.1106 J/g°C
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Given that the vapor pressure of water is 17.54 Torr at 20 °C, calculate the vapor-pressure lowering, AP, of an aqueous solution
that is 1.80 m in sucrose (C₁2H₂₂O₁1).And
calculate the vapor-pressure lowering, AP, of an aqueous solution that is 1.80 m in aluminum chloride. Assume 100%
dissociation for electrolytes.
The vapor-pressure lowering, AP, of an aqueous solution is 2.44Torr.
Mole = [tex]\frac{weight}{molecular weight}[/tex]
In a 1.80m (molal) solution, 1 kilogram of the solvent contains 1.80 moles of the solute (which is water in this case).
Water's molar mass is equal to 2(atomic mass of H) + [2(1)+16] (atomic mass of O).
=18g/mol
The mole of water in 1 kilogram (equivalent to 1000 grams)::
[tex]n_{H_{2} O}[/tex]= [tex]\frac{1000}{18g/mol}[/tex] = 55.56mol
The solute's mole fraction in the 1.80 m solution is as follows::
[tex]x_{solute}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{n_{solute} }{n_{H_{2}O }}[/tex]
⇒[tex]x_{solute} =[/tex] [tex]\frac{1.80}{55.56}[/tex] = 0.032
a. Sucrose is a non-electrolyte, i.e., it does not undergo dissociation in the aqueous solution.
As a result, the Van't Hoff factor for sucrose is = i = 1
The lowering in vapor pressure of the solution, which is 1.80m in sucrose:
=[tex]ix_{solute}p^{0}[/tex]
=(1)(0.032)(17.54)Torr
=(0.56)Torr
b. Aluminum chloride dissociate in water as follows:
[tex]AlCl_{3}[/tex] →[tex]Al^{3+}+ 3Cl^{-}[/tex]
As a result, an aqueous solution containing one aluminum chloride particle yields four more particles.
Thus, i=4
The lowering in vapor pressure is thus:
=[tex]ix_{solute}p^{0}[/tex]
=(4)(0.032)(17.54)Torr
=(2.24)Torr
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If you had 1.0 L of 0.25 M LiOH - how many moles of OH- ions were produced when LiOH was dissolved in water?
a) How many moles of LiOH do you have in 1.0 L of 0.25 M LiOH?
b) What is the mole to mole ratio of LiOH to OH- in the balanced chemical equation?
c) How many moles of OH- are in 1.0 L of 0.25 M LiOH?
d) Bonus: What is the pH?
a) The number of moles of LiOH in 1.0L of 0.25M LiOH is 0.25.
b) The mole-to-mole ratio of LiOH to OH⁻ is 1:1.
c) The number of moles of OH⁻ ions in 1.0L of 0.25M LiOH is 0.25.
d) The pH is equal to 13.39.
What is a mole?A mole can be defined as a unit for the measurement of a huge number of entities of atoms, molecules, ions, or other particular particles. The number of entities constitute in one mole is equal to 6.023 × 10 ²³ which is known as Avogadro’s constant.
The dissociation of LiOH in water is as:
LiOH (aq) → Li⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)
The mole-to-mole ratio of LiOH to OH- in the balanced chemical equation is 1 : 1 as one mole of LiOH produces one mole of OH⁻ ions.
Given, the number of concentrations of LiOH solution = 0.25 M
The volume of the solution = 1.0 L
The number of moles of LiOH = Molarity ×Volume
n = 0.25 × 1
n = 0.25 mol of LiOH
The number of moles of ions of OH⁻ from LiOH = 0.25 mol
We know that pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 -pOH
pH = 14 - (-log [OH⁻])
pH = 14 + log (0.25)
pH = 13.39
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Please look at attached image !!!
Ideal gas law is valid only for ideal gas not for vanderwaal gas. Therefore 26.55g of iron is needed to completely consume 18.5L chlorine gas at 25 degree Celsius and 1 atm pressure.
What is ideal gas equation?Ideal gas equation is the mathematical expression that relates pressure volume and temperature.
Mathematically the relation between Pressure, volume and temperature can be given as
PV=nRT
where,
P = pressure of chlorine gas =1 atm
V= volume of chlorine gas =18.5L
n =number of moles of chlorine gas
T =temperature of chlorine gas =298K
R = Gas constant = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol
1 atm×18.5L= 0.0821×n×298K
1 atm×18.5L=n×24.4
n=0.75mol
mass of chlorine=0.75mol×35.453 g/mol
=26.55g
Therefore 26.55g of iron is needed to completely consume 18.5L chlorine gas at 25 degree Celsius and 1 atm pressure.
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What is the atomic radius of Br?
84pm
140pm
60pm
117pm
Answer:
The answer is 117.
Explanation:
There’s not really a way to calculate atomic radius. It comes from empirical data and is in the periodic table. The only way I can think of is Bohr’s radius constant.
₀ = 4₀(ℎ bar)²/_e (_e)²
Calculating atomic radius can get complicated so it’s best to leave it at this.
What mass of carbon dioxide is produced from the complete combustion of 6.70x10-3 g of
methane?
The full burning of 6.70x10-3 g of methane results in the production of 2.95872 mass of carbon dioxide.
Combustion is what kind of reaction?Burning is sometimes referred to as combustion. A fuel is heated and interacts with oxygen in a combustion reaction. The three elements of fuel, heat, and oxygen required for combustion are summarized by the fire triangle.
What is the purpose of combustion?Chemical processes that occur during combustion are frequently quite exothermic. The energy of chemical molecules generated during this reactive process is used by combustion systems to power vehicles, produce electricity, or heat a variety of uses.
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