The statement that "history effects (the dropout of individuals from groups) is a problem for all experimental designs" is generally true. History effects refer to any external event that can impact the outcome of an experiment, which may include the dropout of individuals from groups.
This can be problematic because it can lead to bias or distortions in the results, which can compromise the validity and reliability of the experiment.In most experimental designs, researchers try to control for history effects by randomizing participants to different groups and monitoring them closely throughout the experiment. However, even with these precautions, some individuals may drop out of the study due to various reasons, such as illness, fatigue, or personal issues.When participants drop out of the study, it can lead to incomplete data and potentially skew the results. Therefore, researchers must account for dropout rates when analyzing the data and drawing conclusions from the experiment.In conclusion, history effects, including the dropout of individuals from groups, can be a significant challenge for experimental designs. Researchers must be aware of these potential issues and take steps to minimize their impact on the study's validity and reliability.
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during the depression, many americans found escape from hard times by _____.
During the Depression, many Americans found escape from hard times by engaging in various forms of entertainment. Popular choices included going to the movies, listening to radio programs, and reading books or newspapers.
During the Great Depression, many Americans found escape from the hard times by turning to entertainment. Despite the economic struggles, people still sought out ways to lift their spirits and forget about their financial difficulties.
Going to the movies, listening to the radio, and attending sporting events were popular forms of entertainment during this time. Many Hollywood films also offered a glimpse into the lives of the wealthy and glamorous, providing a temporary escape from the hardships of reality.
Even in the midst of difficult times, Americans found ways to find joy and happiness, demonstrating the resilience and strength of the human spirit.
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name of the west african tribe noted for their use of elaborate masks in funeral rituals is called?
The West African tribe known for their use of elaborate masks in funeral rituals is called the Dogon people.
The Dogon reside primarily in the West African country of Mali, with some communities also in Burkina Faso. Their population is estimated to be around 700,000. Dogon funeral rituals, called Dama, are significant cultural events that honor the deceased and help guide their spirits into the afterlife. The elaborate masks used during these ceremonies are created by skilled artisans and embody various animals, objects, or ancestors. Each mask has a unique symbolic meaning and serves a specific function within the ritual.
These masks, along with accompanying dances, are performed by Dogon men, who don intricate costumes and embody the spirits represented by the masks. Through this performance, they pay tribute to the deceased and reaffirm the community's connection to their ancestors and traditions.
The Dogon's funeral rituals and use of elaborate masks have attracted the interest of anthropologists, art collectors, and tourists, leading to a greater appreciation for their rich cultural heritage. Their art and traditions serve as a testament to the importance of masks in West African culture and the role they play in marking significant life events, such as funerals.
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After Stalin's death in 1953, the Soviet leadership made which of the following changes?
Use of centralized power was reduced.
After Stalin's death in 1953, the Soviet leadership made several changes, including the de-Stalinization of the country, which involved the removal of Stalin's name and image from public spaces and the rehabilitation of many of his victims.
Nikita Khrushchev emerged as the new leader and initiated a process of reform known as the "Thaw," which involved relaxing censorship, releasing political prisoners, and allowing more cultural and artistic freedom.
However, Khrushchev's policies were controversial and led to his removal from power in 1964.
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Hey momma , what all you said i had to do ? and i need you to bring my phone home when you get off so me and asslia can do i ss project cause its due today we did most of it though but i got to call her so we can finish it , cause its due at 11:59 pm
you asked your mom what tasks you needed to complete, but didn't specify what those tasks were. If you can clarify what you're supposed to do, I'd be happy to help you come up with a plan to tackle them.
Secondly, it sounds like you have an urgent school project that needs to be completed by tonight. It's great that you and your partner have already made progress on it, but it's important to stay focused and finish it on time. I understand that you need your phone to contact your partner, but make sure you're using your time wisely to complete the project as well.
Finally, make sure you communicate with your mom about bringing your phone home. It's important to be respectful and grateful for her help, and to make sure you're using your phone for productive purposes.
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.Which of the following actions by a congressional representative is an example of "pork barreling"?
Misusing campaign contributions
Directing federal funds into the representative’s district through legislation
Accepting money from a political action committee (PAC)
Attempting to kill a bill with unacceptable amendments
Voting for a salary increase.
An example of "pork barreling" by a congressional representative would be directing money towards a specific project in their district that may not necessarily be a national priority. This is often done in order to gain political support and secure re-election.
The representative may use their position on a committee to allocate funds towards the project, even if it may not be the most efficient or necessary use of taxpayer money. Accepting money from a political action committee (PAC) is not necessarily an example of pork barreling, as PACs can support a representative's campaign in exchange for their support on specific policy issues. Voting for a salary increase is not directly related to pork barreling.
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The purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million proved to be a huge bargain. T/F
As per the given assertion to the given statement " The purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million proved to be a huge bargain." this is true because buy finished Russia's presence in North America and guaranteed U.S. access to the Pacific northern rim.
For quite a long time after its buy, the US gave little consideration to The Frozen North, which was represented under military, maritime, or Depository rule or, on occasion, no apparent rule by any means. Seward had a wide vision of business extension in the US, especially in China and the Pacific.
As soon as 1864 he proposed to the Russian government that discussing The Frozen North "would be advantageous to us, and in no way, shape or form unrewarding to Russia."
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what did chavez do during his time at a latinx civil rights organization at age 25?
At the age of 25, Chavez became a community organizer for the Community Service Organization (CSO), a Latinx civil rights organization based in California.
Chavez's role at the CSO was to organize and mobilize the Latino community to fight for their rights and to address issues such as police brutality, housing discrimination, and inadequate healthcare.
During his time at the CSO, Chavez honed his organizing skills and developed a deep understanding of the issues affecting the Latino community.
One of Chavez's most significant achievements at the CSO was his work on voter registration. He organized voter registration drives in Latino communities, helping to increase the number of Latino voters and giving them a stronger voice in local politics.
Chavez also fought against police brutality and racial profiling, organizing protests and rallies to raise awareness of these issues.
Chavez's work at the CSO laid the foundation for his later work as a labor organizer and leader. He learned how to mobilize and organize communities, and he developed a deep commitment to social justice and equality.
Chavez's experience at the CSO also showed him the power of nonviolent resistance and direct action, which he would later use in his work with the United Farm Workers union.
Overall, Chavez's time at the CSO was instrumental in shaping his vision of a more just and equitable society, and his legacy continues to inspire activists and organizers today.
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in the 1950s and 1960s, what became the basic objective of all western european governments?
In the 1950s and 1960s, the basic objective of many Western European governments was to promote economic growth and achieve prosperity. This era is often referred to as the period of post-war reconstruction and economic expansion in Europe.
Following the devastation of World War II, Western European countries sought to rebuild their economies and improve the living standards of their populations. Governments implemented policies and initiatives aimed at stimulating economic growth, increasing industrial production, and creating employment opportunities. This involved investments in infrastructure, modernization of industries, and the promotion of trade and international cooperation.
In addition to economic objectives, Western European governments also focused on social welfare and improving the well-being of their citizens. This included the establishment of comprehensive welfare systems, expansion of healthcare and education, and efforts to reduce poverty and inequality.
Overall, the primary goal of Western European governments during this period was to rebuild their economies, achieve stability, and raise the living standards of their populations through economic growth and social development.
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what happened to the white-collar middle class in the united states from 1900 to 1920?
From 1900 to 1920, the white-collar middle class in the United States experienced significant growth and changes.
White-collar work, which includes jobs in professions such as business, law, and finance, became more prevalent as the country's economy shifted from primarily agricultural to industrial. This led to an increase in the number of white-collar jobs available and a corresponding increase in the number of people working in those jobs. During this time period, the middle class also experienced a rise in their standard of living, with access to new technologies and consumer goods that were previously only available to the wealthy. However, the middle class was also impacted by economic downturns, such as the Panic of 1907, which caused financial instability and job losses. Additionally, the white-collar middle class saw an increase in opportunities for women in the workforce, particularly in clerical and administrative positions. However, gender and racial discrimination were still prevalent in many industries and professions, limiting the advancement and opportunities for certain groups. Overall, the white-collar middle class in the United States experienced significant growth and changes during the period of 1900 to 1920, but also faced economic challenges and social inequalities.
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in 1979, the carter administration responded to the soviet union’s invasion of afghanistan by
In 1979, the Carter Administration responded to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan by implementing a series of diplomatic, economic, and military measures aimed at deterring further Soviet aggression. This response reflected the administration's commitment to safeguarding regional stability and supporting the Afghan people.
Firstly, President Jimmy Carter condemned the invasion, portraying it as a blatant violation of international law and a threat to global security. In response, the US withdrew from the SALT II arms control negotiations and boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics, aiming to isolate and pressure the Soviet Union.
Secondly, the administration imposed economic sanctions on the USSR, including a grain embargo and the suspension of high-technology exports. These measures aimed to weaken the Soviet economy and limit its capacity to sustain a prolonged military campaign in Afghanistan.
Lastly, the US provided covert assistance to the Afghan resistance, known as the Mujahideen. The Carter Administration, along with other Western and regional allies, supplied weapons, training, and financial support to the anti-Soviet forces. This aid aimed to counter Soviet military presence and bolster Afghan resistance efforts.
In conclusion, the Carter Administration's response to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 consisted of diplomatic condemnation, economic sanctions, and military assistance to the Afghan resistance. These measures aimed to curtail Soviet influence in the region and support the Afghan people in their struggle against foreign occupation.
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after ddt was sprayed in uganda, organic farming companies said they wouldn't return for how long?
a. 15 years
b. 16 years
c. 17 years
The organic farming companies said they wouldn't return for 15 years after DDT was sprayed in Uganda.
If organic farming companies stated that they would not return to Uganda for 15 years after DDT was sprayed, this would suggest that the environmental and health risks associated with the use of DDT were significant and would take a long time to dissipate. DDT is known to be persistent in the environment and can accumulate in soil and water over time, posing a risk to human health and the environment. Organic farming companies may have wanted to avoid the potential risks associated with DDT contamination and may have felt that it would take 15 years for the area to become safe for organic farming practices.
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what nomadic band invaded the roman, sasanian, and gupta empires in the fifth century?
The nomadic band that invaded the Roman, Sasanian, and Gupta Empires in the fifth century were the Huns.
The Huns were a confederation of nomadic tribes from Central Asia who, under the leadership of Attila, began a series of military campaigns that extended from the Danube River to the Caspian Sea.
The Huns were known for their military prowess and their ability to quickly adapt to new situations, which allowed them to conquer large territories and establish a powerful empire in the heart of Europe. Their invasions had a significant impact on the Roman, Sasanian, and Gupta Empires, contributing to the downfall of the Western Roman Empire and causing significant political and social upheaval in the other empires as well.
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western-style theatre began with the innovations of _____.
Western-style theatre began with the innovations of ancient Greeks, particularly with the introduction of the concept of drama as a form of art.
Greeks believed in the power of theatre to educate and inform the public through the exploration of human emotions and experiences. The ancient Greek theatre was a space for actors to perform in front of an audience, telling stories of love, tragedy, and comedy. The Greek theatre was characterized by its use of masks, costumes, and elaborate scenery, which served to enhance the performance and create a sense of realism. In addition to the Greeks, the Romans also contributed to the development of Western-style theatre by incorporating elements of Greek theatre into their own performances. The Romans introduced new techniques such as stage machinery and the use of special effects, which added a new dimension to theatre and allowed for more complex productions. Overall, the innovations of the ancient Greeks and Romans played a crucial role in the development of Western-style theatre. Their contributions laid the foundation for the evolution of theatre over the centuries, and their influence can still be seen in contemporary theatre productions today.
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"But every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists."
- Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address, 1801
When Jefferson said that "We are all republicans, we are all Federalists," in his First Inaugural Address to the Congress he meant that
A) all we’re Americans, United in wanting the best for the country
B) Congress would quickly act to ban political parties from fielding candidates in national elections
C) he expected that the political divisions which had split the country in his predecessors administrations would continue
D) the two political parties had the same policies
Answer: Correct Answer is , A) all we're Americans, United in wanting the best for the country
Is it better for nations to engage in free trade agreements or to create barriers for trade?
Answer:
While some argue that free trade agreements promote economic growth and stability, others believe that creating barriers for trade is necessary to protect domestic industries and jobs.
Explanation:
Free trade agreements allow nations to access larger markets, increase competition, and lower prices for consumers. This can lead to increased exports, job creation, and overall economic growth. However, it can also result in the loss of jobs in certain industries as companies move production to countries with lower labor costs.
On the other hand, creating barriers for trade can protect domestic industries from foreign competition and prevent the loss of jobs. However, this can also lead to higher prices for consumers and limit access to new markets.
Which of the following is a direct conflict with the National Security Act of 1947 in which domestic spying is prohibited?
The National Security Act of 1947 is a key piece of legislation that helped shape the United States' defense and intelligence structure after World War II. This act established the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and the Department of Defense (DoD) to address and streamline the nation's security needs.
A direct conflict with the National Security Act of 1947, particularly the prohibition of domestic spying, can be found in the controversial post-9/11 USA PATRIOT Act. The USA PATRIOT Act, which stands for "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism," was enacted in response to the September 11th terrorist attacks.
The PATRIOT Act expands the surveillance powers of the government, including domestic surveillance, and has been criticized for potentially violating the civil liberties and privacy rights of US citizens. This expansion of powers includes the ability to monitor phone and internet communications, access personal records, and conduct secret searches without prior notice or judicial oversight. As a result, the PATRIOT Act is in direct conflict with the National Security Act of 1947's prohibition of domestic spying.
In summary, the USA PATRIOT Act poses a direct conflict with the National Security Act of 1947 in terms of domestic spying, as it expands the government's surveillance powers within the United States, potentially infringing on citizens' privacy and civil liberties.
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in the 1800s, the french cycling team endorsed mariani's "wine for athletes" that contained True or False
True. Mariani's "wine for athletes" was a tonic made from Bordeaux wine and coca leaves.
It was marketed as a performance-enhancing elixir and was endorsed by many athletes of the time, including the French cycling team.
The tonic's active ingredient, cocaine, was believed to provide a boost of energy and endurance.
The use of cocaine in this tonic was legal at the time, and the product was widely advertised and consumed, even by famous figures such as Thomas Edison and Queen Victoria. However, as the negative effects of cocaine use became more widely known, its use in products such as Mariani's tonic declined, and it was eventually banned in many countries.
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Passage of the ___ amendment guaranteed a citizen's right to vote regardless of his race. A. 13th B. 14th C. 15th D. 19th
The passage of the 15th amendment guaranteed a citizen's right to vote regardless of his race. The correct answer is C.
This amendment was ratified in 1870 during the Reconstruction Era following the Civil War. It specifically prohibited the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on their race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Despite this amendment, many African Americans still faced barriers to voting such as poll taxes, literacy tests, and intimidation tactics. It wasn't until the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965 that these barriers were removed and full voting rights were extended to all citizens regardless of race.
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1. organize information complete the timeline with events between 1894 and 1922 within russia. which event caused the deaths of 14 million russians?
The occasion that caused the passing of 14 million Russians somewhere in the range of 1894 and 1922 was the Russian Nationwide conflict. The Russian people's three-year toil, next famine, and flu epidemic proved to be more deadly than anything else they had ever experienced.
In 1894 a mysterious deal specified that Russia would come to the guide of France assuming France was gone after by Germany. Another limitation was that in a potential conflict against Germany, France would quickly prepare 1.3 million men, while Russia would activate 700,000 to 800,000.
Russia entered 1922 with an unstable government that mostly operated under martial law, a civil war that was still going on, a famine that was spreading across the Volga, parts of the country that were still held by forces of foreign intervention, and being seen as an international outcast.
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What is at the core of what protesters are demanding?
To wear what they want
To abolish Islam
Choice
The core of what protesters are demanding varies depending on the specific context and situation, but it is important to approach these issues with an open mind, respect for human rights, and a willingness to listen to diverse perspectives.
What are the core demands of the protesters?Regarding the specific options provided, it is important to note that protesting for the right to wear what one wants or to choose one's own lifestyle is a valid form of expression and can be an important aspect of individual freedom and autonomy.
Generally, the core of what protesters are demanding varies depending on the specific context and situation, but it is important to approach these issues with an open mind, respect for human rights, and a willingness to listen to diverse perspectives.
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1. Was Edgar lucky unlucky to be taken in by the Allans? Explain your answer
Answer:
Lucky because he would not have had the opportunities that he had.
Explanation:
EDG2023
________ refers to the collected sayings included in the qur'an.
Hadith refers to the collected sayings included in the Qur'an. The Qur'an is the holy book of Islam and contains the teachings and guidance of Allah as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.
Hadith, on the other hand, refers to the collected sayings, actions, and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad, as recorded by his companions and followers. Together, the Qur'an and the Hadith form the basis of Islamic beliefs and practices, and are studied and followed by Muslims around the world.
The collected sayings included in the Qur'an are referred to as Hadith. Hadith is a term used in Islam to refer to the collections of the sayings, actions, and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. The Qur'an and Hadith are the two primary sources of Islamic law and ethics. While the Qur'an is considered the word of God, the Hadith is considered the second most important source of guidance for Muslims. The Hadith includes the teachings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad, which are considered to be a model for behavior and conduct for Muslims. The Hadith has been transmitted through a chain of narrators and has been compiled into various collections by Islamic scholars over the centuries.
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In the early twentieth century, the migration of southern blacks to the north was due mostly to: a. Increased job opportunities in the North. b. The end of Jim Crow laws in the South. c. The passage of federal legislation prohibiting discrimination. d. The influence of civil rights organizations.
In the early twentieth century, the migration of southern blacks to the north was primarily due to increased job opportunities in the North. Discrimination and Jim Crow laws in the South made it difficult for African Americans to find work and achieve economic stability.
Additionally, civil rights organizations had some influence in encouraging migration, but it was not the primary factor. It wasn't until later in the century with the passage of federal legislation prohibiting discrimination that more significant changes were made to address racial inequality and provide greater opportunities for African Americans in the South.
In the early twentieth century, the migration of southern blacks to the north was due mostly to: a. Increased job opportunities in the North. This migration, known as the Great Migration, occurred primarily because of the increased job opportunities in the North. Many African Americans moved to escape the discrimination they faced in the South and sought better economic opportunities. While civil rights organizations did have some influence on the movement, the primary reason for migration was the availability of jobs in the North.
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by the 1840s, a communications revolution had been triggered by the development of the:
By the 1840s, a communications revolution had been triggered by the development of the telegraph. The telegraph was a groundbreaking invention that allowed messages to be transmitted over long distances using electrical signals.
This revolutionary technology significantly improved communication speed and efficiency, connecting people and businesses across vast distances. Before the telegraph, communication relied on slow methods such as letters carried by horseback or ships. The telegraph changed this, enabling information to be sent almost instantaneously.
This had a profound impact on various aspects of society, including business, journalism, and even warfare, as decisions could now be made more quickly and with better access to relevant information.
The development of the telegraph was pioneered by inventors such as Samuel Morse, who created the Morse code, a system of dots and dashes representing letters and numbers that could be easily transmitted through electrical pulses. Telegraph lines soon spread across countries, enabling rapid and long-distance communication.
In summary, by the 1840s, a communications revolution had been triggered by the development of the telegraph, which dramatically improved the speed and efficiency of long-distance communication.
This technology had far-reaching effects on society, paving the way for further advancements in communication methods and shaping the modern world we know today.
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Based on Source 4, which statement best explains how excessive rain can negatively affect the fishing industry in Louisiana?
Excessive rain can negatively affect the fishing industry in Louisiana in several ways, as explained in Source 4:
1) Heavy rain can cause rivers to overflow.
2) The influx of freshwater can change the salinity levels of estuaries and coastal waters.
3) Heavy rain can lead to the closure of fishing grounds.
4) The disruption of fishing activities due to extreme weather events can lead to economic losses for fishermen and related industries.
First, heavy rain can cause rivers to overflow, which can wash pollutants and sediments into the waterways, making them uninhabitable for fish.
Second, the influx of freshwater can change the salinity levels of estuaries and coastal waters, which can harm or kill fish species that are adapted to a particular level of salinity.
Third, heavy rain can lead to the closure of fishing grounds, as government agencies may impose restrictions to protect fish populations from overfishing or to ensure the safety of fishermen.
Finally, the disruption of fishing activities due to extreme weather events can lead to economic losses for fishermen and related industries, such as processing and distribution.
Overall, excessive rain can have a significant impact on the sustainability and profitability of the fishing industry in Louisiana.
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T/F During the War of Independence, nearly every state increased importation of slaves from Africa.
The correct answer is False. The War of Independence, also known as the American Revolutionary War, took place between 1775 and 1783. It was a conflict between Great Britain and thirteen of its North American colonies.
Which had declared itself the independent United States of America. This war was not focused on the importation of slaves from Africa, and there is no direct connection between the war and a significant increase in slave importation in nearly every state. However, it is important to note that the term "Afrikaans" refers to a language spoken in South Africa, which is derived from the Dutch and is not directly related to the War of Independence or the slave trade in the United States. Afrikaans developed as a distinct language during the 18th and 19th centuries among the descendants of Dutch settlers in South Africa.
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how and why was the art produced by the ashcan school different from that of the gilded age?
The art produced by the Ashcan School represented a departure from the indulgent and idealized depictions of the Gilded Age and instead offered a more honest and relatable portrayal of life in turn-of-the-century America.
The art produced by the Ashcan School was different from that of the Gilded Age in both style and subject matter. While Gilded Age art focused on opulence and luxury, the Ashcan School sought to capture the grittier, more everyday aspects of urban life. They were known for their realistic and sometimes unflattering depictions of working-class people, street scenes, and tenement buildings.
This shift in subject matter reflected a growing interest in social issues and a desire to highlight the struggles of the working class. Additionally, the Ashcan School's style was more experimental and less traditional than that of the Gilded Age artists, incorporating elements of impressionism and modernism.
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Subject matter: Ashcan School artists focused on depicting everyday life and urban scenes, often featuring working-class people and gritty cityscapes. In contrast, Gilded Age art often showcased idealized landscapes, romanticized scenes, and wealthy or privileged subjects.
2. Style: Ashcan School artists employed a more naturalistic, loose, and expressive style, with dark tones and rough brushstrokes. Gilded Age art, on the other hand, tended to be more polished and refined, with smoother brushwork and a focus on aesthetic beauty.
3. Purpose: The Ashcan School aimed to raise awareness of social issues and portray the harsh realities of urban life, often with a critical or reformist perspective. Gilded Age art, however, was more focused on celebrating the accomplishments and wealth of the era, with less concern for social commentary or realism.
In summary, the art produced by the Ashcan School was different from that of the Gilded Age because it focused on everyday life and social issues, employed a more naturalistic and expressive style, and served a critical or reformist purpose.
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what is the term for a unique form of rural settlement developed in french canada?
The term for a unique form of rural settlement developed in French Canada is "habitation." This term refers to a type of settlement pattern where a central landowner would distribute plots of land to settlers, usually agricultural land, in exchange for rent or other obligations.
The habitation system was first established in the early 17th century by the French government in order to encourage colonization of the area now known as Quebec. Under the habitation system, settlers were required to clear the land, cultivate crops, and build a home. They were also required to pay a portion of their harvest as rent to the central landowner. In return, the landowner provided protection, assistance with infrastructure, and sometimes even religious instruction. The habitation system was unique in that it encouraged the development of self-sufficient, close-knit communities. It also helped to ensure the success of French colonial efforts in the area. Despite its success, the habitation system was eventually replaced by the seigneurial system in the mid-17th century, which was a modified version of the same concept. Today, remnants of the habitation system can still be seen in the landscape and culture of Quebec.
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why did many americans leave mainline churches and join evangelical churches between 1970 and 1985?
Between 1970 and 1985, many Americans left mainline churches and joined evangelical churches because of several factors.
One of the main reasons was a reaction against the perceived liberalization of the mainline churches, which they believed was compromising biblical teachings. Another reason was the rise of televangelism, which made evangelical messages more accessible to a wider audience. Evangelical churches also offered a more personal and emotional worship experience, which appealed to many people. The civil rights movement and other social changes had also led some people to look for a more conservative approach to social issues, which was more in line with the teachings of evangelical churches. Finally, the decline in traditional community structures had left many people searching for a sense of belonging and meaning, which evangelical churches provided through their emphasis on personal salvation and community involvement.
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by 1860, three-quarters of all southern whites did not own slaves, but instead
By 1860, three-quarters of all southern whites did not own slaves, but instead, they worked as small farmers, tenant farmers, or laborers.
The majority of these whites lived in rural areas and worked hard to make ends meet. They relied on their own labor to cultivate their crops, raise their livestock, and make their homes. They did not have the resources to purchase slaves, nor did they have the desire to do so. Many of these whites lived in the upland regions of the South, where the soil was less fertile, and the climate was harsher. They had to work harder to produce a crop and were often at the mercy of the weather. These whites often resented the planter class, who they felt had too much power and control over their lives.
The fact that three-quarters of southern whites did not own slaves is often overlooked in discussions of the antebellum South. The image of the wealthy plantation owner with his retinue of slaves is a powerful one, but it does not accurately reflect the reality of life for most southerners. The vast majority of southern whites were working-class people who struggled to make a living in a harsh and unforgiving environment. While slavery was certainly an important part of the southern economy, it was not the only factor that shaped southern society.
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