Calculation of dividend growth rate
Given:
Investor's required rate of return, Ke = 15%
Expected level of earnings at the end of this year, E1 = $8
Retention ratio, b = 50%
Return on equity, ROE = 12%
Similar shares of stock sell at multiples of 5.555 times earnings per share.
We know that Retention ratio, b = (Dividends paid - Dividends distributed) / Dividends paid
Therefore, Dividends distributed = Dividends paid - (Retention ratio * Dividends paid)
Dividends distributed = Dividends paid - (0.5 * Dividends paid) = 0.5 * Dividends paid
Since the company pays out 50% of earnings as dividends, the earnings retained by the company can be computed as follows:
Earnings retained = Net income – Dividend paid
Where, Net income = Earnings per share (EPS) * Number of shares
Given, EPS = E1 = $8
Suppose the company has x number of shares outstanding. Then,
Net income = $8 * x
Dividend paid = 0.5 * Net income = 0.5 * $8 * x = $4x
Earnings retained = Net income - Dividend paid = $8x - $4x = $4x
The company's Return on Equity (ROE) is given as 12%. Therefore, the earnings retained by the company will grow at the rate of 12%.
Therefore, Expected growth rate (g) = Retention ratio * ROE = b * ROE
= 0.5 * 0.12 = 0.06 or 6%
Part 2: Calculation of price-earnings (P/E) ratio
Price-earnings (P/E) ratio (P/E1) = Market price per share / Earnings per share
The P/E ratio can be rewritten as P/E1 = 1 / Ke - g * (1 - b)
P/E1 = 1 / 0.15 - 0.06 * (1 - 0.5) = 1 / 0.12 = 8.33 times earnings per share
Part 3: Calculation of stock price using P/E ratio valuation method
The stock price can be calculated as follows:
Stock price = Earnings per share * P/E ratio
= $8 * 8.33 = $66.64
Part 4: Calculation of stock price using the dividend discount model
The dividend discount model is given as: PV = D / (Ke - g)
Where, PV = Present value of the stock
D = Expected dividend at the end of year 1 = Dividend payout ratio * Earnings per share = b * E1
Ke = Investor's required rate of return
g = Expected growth rate
Using the above values, the stock price can be computed as:
D = 0.5 * $8 = $4
PV = $4 / (0.15 - 0.06) = $4 / 0.09 = $44.44
Part 5: Effect of increase in retention ratio on P/E ratio and stock price
When the retention ratio increases to 75%, the dividend payout ratio decreases to 25%.
Dividend payout ratio = 1 - Retention ratio = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25
Expected dividend at the end of year 1 = Dividend payout ratio * Earnings per share = 0.25 * $8 = $2
The new expected growth rate can be calculated as follows:
g = Retention ratio * ROE = 0.75 * 0.12 = 0.09 or 9%
The P/E ratio can be calculated as follows:
P/E1 = 1 / Ke - g * (1 - b)
P/E1 = 1 / 0.15 - 0.09 * (1 - 0.75) = 1 / 0.12 = 8.33 times earnings per share
The stock price can be calculated as follows:
Stock price = Earnings per share * P/E ratio
= $8 * 8.33 = $66.64
When the retention ratio is 100%, all earnings are retained by the company. Therefore, the expected dividend at the end of year 1 will be zero.
Expected dividend at the end of year 1 = Dividend payout ratio * Earnings per share = 0
The new expected growth rate can be calculated as follows:
g = Retention ratio * ROE = 1 * 0.12 = 0.12 or 12%
The P/E ratio can be calculated as follows:
P/E1 = 1 / Ke - g * (1 - b)
P/E1 = 1 / 0.15 - 0.12 * (1 - 1) = 1 / 0.15 = 6.67 times earnings per share
The stock price can be calculated as follows:
Stock price = Earnings per share * P/E ratio
= $8 * 6.67 = $53.36
Part 6: From the above calculations, it can be observed that the retention ratio has a direct impact on the growth rate of dividends and an indirect impact on the P/E ratio and the stock price. An increase in the retention ratio leads to a higher expected growth rate of dividends, which increases the P/E ratio and stock price. Conversely, a decrease in the retention ratio results in a lower expected growth rate of dividends, which reduces the P/E ratio and stock price. If the company retains all earnings, it would lead to a higher expected growth rate but a lower P/E ratio and stock price. Therefore, companies must strike a balance between dividend payout and retention to maintain a stable P/E ratio and stock price.
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Is social media a good source for new hires and
recruitment?
Yes, social media is a good source for new hires and recruitment. Social media has emerged as a crucial tool for modern businesses and hiring processes have not been left out of this trend.
Yes, social media is a good source for new hires and recruitment. Social media has emerged as a crucial tool for modern businesses, and hiring processes have not been left out of this trend. Many companies have turned to social media platforms to help them find qualified candidates for open positions, particularly in the tech and creative industries where social media usage is especially high. A significant number of businesses now use social media platforms to advertise job openings, post career-related content, and connect with potential hires. This approach is particularly effective because social media is free to use, provides a level of transparency for employers and candidates, and has the potential to reach a vast audience.
Recruiting using social media also has some advantages. It provides companies with a low-cost option for reaching a vast number of potential candidates. Employers can post job vacancies, look for talent in various job boards, and use social media to connect with potential hires. Social media has become a popular way to source, evaluate and attract job candidates. It has been proven that job candidates have a higher level of trust in companies that engage with social media and that businesses that use social media are more likely to receive applications from qualified candidates than those that don't use social media. Social media has made recruitment a more efficient process, making it easier for companies to find candidates quickly and cost-effectively. So, social media is a good source for new hires and recruitment.
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suppose Ginger deposits $12,000 in cash into her check- ing account at the Bank of Skidoo. The Bank of Skidoo has no excess reserves and is subject to a 4 percent required reserve ratio. a. Show this transaction in a T-account for the Bank of Skidoo. b. Assume the Bank of Skidoo makes the maximum loan possible from Ginger's deposit to Thurston and show this transaction in a new T-account. c. Thurston decides to use the money he borrowed to pur- chase a sail boat. He writes a check for the entire loan amount to Gilligan's Seagoing Vessels, which deposits the check in its bank, the Paradise Bank of Kona, Hawaii. When the check clears, the Skidoo Bank transfers the funds to the Paradise Bank. Show these transactions in a new T-account for the Skidoo Bank and in a T-account for the Paradise Bank. d. What is the maximum amount of deposits that can be cre- ated from Ginger's initial deposit? e. What is the maximum amount of loans that can be cre- ated from Ginger's initial deposit?
The maximum amount that can be loaned out is $11,520 ($12,000 - 4% of $12,000).
a. t-account for the bank of skidoo after ginger's deposit:```
bank of skidooassets: liabilities:
reserves: $12,000 deposits: $12,000```
b. t-account for the bank of skidoo after making a loan to thurston:
bank of skidoo
assets: liabilities:reserves: $480 (4% of $12,000) deposits: $12,000
loans: $11,520c. t-account for the skidoo bank:
bank of skidoo
assets: liabilities:reserves: $480 (transferred) deposits: $0 (transferred)
loans: $11,520t-account for the paradise bank:
paradise bank
assets: liabilities:reserves: $480 (received) deposits: $480
d. the maximum amount of deposits that can be created from ginger's initial deposit is equal to the initial deposit itself, which is $12,000.
e. the maximum amount of loans that can be created from ginger's initial deposit is determined by the required reserve ratio. in this case, the required reserve ratio is 4%, so the bank must hold reserves equal to 4% of the deposits.
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A firm has the Cobb-Douglas production function F(K.L)=3LKI. This production function exhibits: Select one: a. Decreasing returns to scale b. Increasing returns to scale c. Constant returns to scale
The Cobb-Douglas production function F(K.L)=3LKI exhibits constant returns to scale.
The concept of returns to scale refers to the relationship between the increase in inputs (capital and labor) and the resulting increase in output. In the case of the Cobb-Douglas production function F(K.L)=3LKI, the exponents of capital (K) and labor (L) are both 1, indicating a linear relationship between inputs and output.
When a production function exhibits constant returns to scale, doubling the inputs (capital and labor) will result in a proportional increase in output. In this case, if both capital and labor are doubled, the output will also double. This implies that the productivity of the firm remains constant as the scale of production increases.
In the given Cobb-Douglas production function F(K.L)=3LKI, the exponents of both capital and labor are 1, indicating that the production function exhibits constant returns to scale. This means that increasing the amount of capital and labor by a certain proportion will result in an equal proportional increase in output, maintaining a constant productivity level for the firm.
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Question 3. The following equations describe an economy. Y=C+I+G. C-50+0.75(Y-T). I-150-10r. (M/P)d-Y-50r. G=250. T=200. M=3,000. P=4. a.) (4 Points) Derive the IS curve equation. b.) (4 Points) Deriv
The is curve equation is y = -3t - 40r + 1800. Y=C+I+G. C-50+0.75(Y-T). I-150-10r. (M/P)d-Y-50r. G=250. T=200. M=3,000. P=4
a) the is curve equation is derived by equating national income (y) to aggregate demand (c + i + g). using the given equations, we substitute the values for c, i, and g:
y = c + i + gy = (50 + 0.75(y - t)) + (150 - 10r) + 250
simplifying the equation by distributing and rearranging:
y = 50 + 0.75y - 0.75t + 150 - 10r + 250
0.25y = -0.75t - 10r + 450y = -3t - 40r + 1800 the is curve represents the equilibrium condition in the goods market, where aggregate demand equals national income. in this case, we derived the equation by substituting the given equations for consumption (c), investment (i), and government spending (g) into the national income identity. by simplifying and rearranging, we obtained the equation y = -3t - 40r + 1800, which represents the relationship between national income, tax levels (t), and the interest rate (r).
b) the lm curve equation represents the equilibrium condition in the money market, where the demand for money equals the money supply. however, the lm curve equation is not provided in the question. if you have the lm curve equation, please provide it, and i will be happy to assist you further with its derivation and explanation.
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please help me
lem Set Saved FinCorp's free cash flow to the firm is reported as $280 million. The firm's interest expense is $37 million. Assume the corporate tax rate is 21% and the net debt of the firm increases
To calculate the net debt increase for FinCorp, we need additional information such as the initial net debt amount and any changes in debt during the period.
Net Debt Increase = Change in Total Debt - Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents
To calculate the change in total debt, you would need the initial total debt amount and the final total debt amount. Subtracting the initial total debt from the final total debt would give you the change in total debt.
To calculate the change in cash and cash equivalents, you would need the initial cash and cash equivalents amount and the final cash and cash equivalents amount. Subtracting the initial cash and cash equivalents from the final cash and cash equivalents would give you the change in cash and cash equivalents.
Once you have the change in total debt and the change in cash and cash equivalents, you can subtract the change in cash and cash equivalents from the change in total debt to calculate the net debt increase.
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From Part II in Nordhaus’ book Climate Casino (Ch. 6 through 12), find an example that illustrates a change in price or quantity in some market. Analyze the situation using economic reasoning.
A.) Has there been an increase or decrease in demand? Factors that could shift the demand curve include changes in preferences, changes in income, changes in the price of substitutes or complements, or changes in the number of consumers in the market.
B.) Has there been an increase or decrease in supply? Factors that could shift the supply curve include changes in costs of materials, wages, or other inputs; changes in technology; or changes in the number of firms in the market.
The combination of an increase in demand and an increase in supply has led to significant changes in the renewable energy market. Prices for renewable energy have become more competitive and have experienced a decrease over time.
One example from Part II of Nordhaus' book Climate Casino that illustrates a change in price or quantity in a market is the case of renewable energy.
A.) In recent years, there has been an increase in demand for renewable energy sources. This change in demand can be attributed to various factors. Firstly, there has been a growing concern about climate change and the environmental impacts of fossil fuel-based energy sources. This has led to a shift in preferences towards cleaner and more sustainable energy alternatives. Additionally, government policies and regulations aimed at promoting renewable energy, such as subsidies and incentives, have contributed to the increase in demand. As a result, there has been an upward shift in the demand curve for renewable energy.
B.) Simultaneously, there has been an increase in the supply of renewable energy. Advances in technology, such as improvements in solar and wind power generation, have made renewable energy sources more economically viable. This has led to a decrease in the costs of materials and inputs required for renewable energy production. Furthermore, government support and investment in renewable energy infrastructure have increased the number of firms operating in the market. These factors have resulted in an outward shift of the supply curve for renewable energy.
Additionally, the quantity of renewable energy generated and consumed has increased substantially, as more consumers and businesses are opting for cleaner energy options. This example showcases the interplay between demand and supply factors that influence market dynamics and the transition towards more sustainable energy sources.
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if a type of production cost for a firm cannot be changed in the short run and cannot be changed by changing the amount of output, it must be A)average cost B)fixed cost C)variable cost D)profit.
If a type of production cost for a firm cannot be changed in the short run and cannot be changed by changing the amount of output, it must be a fixed cost(B).
Fixed costs are expenses that do not vary with the level of production or the amount of output. These costs are incurred regardless of whether the firm produces anything or not. Fixed costs are associated with the basic infrastructure and capacity of the firm, such as rent, salaries of permanent employees, insurance, and depreciation of fixed assets.
The characteristic of fixed costs is that they remain constant over a certain range of production levels or output. They do not change in the short run because they are not influenced by the quantity of goods or services produced. Even if the firm increases or decreases its production, these costs will remain the same.
On the other hand, variable costs are expenses that change in proportion to the level of production or the amount of output. They fluctuate as the firm produces more or less. Average costs, also known as unit costs, are calculated by dividing the total cost by the quantity of output. Profit is the difference between total revenue and total costs.
Therefore, based on the given information, if a type of production cost for a firm cannot be changed in the short run and cannot be changed by changing the amount of output, it must be a fixed cost (option B).
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View Policis Current Attempt in Progres Lundstrom Ltd. has a December 31 year end. The company purchased a piece of equipment on 22.2020 $407,300,LL'Sent estimated that this piece of equipment would have used of 5 stars and a b $21.300 LLuter the straight-line method for depreciating its manufacturing LL so the ent on May 28, 2023 for $148.500, what amount of the gain or fou would have to be recorded The amount of eTextbook and Media List of Accounts FAE 1 Date on displ Prepare the journal entry to record the sals of the et account sites are automatically indented when the amount is entered Do not indent manually the entry is required select "No Entry for the account titles and enter for the amounts) Account Titles and Explanation Debit May 28/23 Credil eTextbook and Media List of Accounts Prepare the journal entry to record the sale of the equipment Crelit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered Do not indent manually. If no entry is required select "No Entry for the account sities and enter for the amounts Date May 28/23 Account Titles and Explanation Textbook and Media a List of Accounts Soverate Debit Credit Attempts: 0 of 3 used Sub Ar
Lundstrom Ltd. purchased a piece of equipment on February 22, 2020, for $407,300. The estimated useful life of the equipment was 5 years, and it was depreciated using the straight-line method. On May 28, 2023, the equipment was sold for $148,500. The question asks for the amount of gain or loss that needs to be recorded for the sale of the equipment.
To record the sale of the equipment, a journal entry needs to be made. The entry should reflect the original cost of the equipment, the accumulated depreciation up to the date of the sale, and the amount received from the sale. Since the straight-line method was used for depreciation, the annual depreciation expense can be calculated as the original cost divided by the useful life.
First, the depreciation expense for the period from February 22, 2020, to May 28, 2023, needs to be calculated. This can be done by multiplying the annual depreciation expense by the number of years and fractions of a year the equipment was owned.
Next, the journal entry to record the sale of the equipment would include a debit to the Accumulated Depreciation account for the total accumulated depreciation, a debit to the Loss on Sale of Equipment account (if the sale price is less than the net book value), a credit to the Equipment account for the original cost, and a credit to the Cash account for the sale price.
The amount of gain or loss recorded would depend on whether the sale price is higher or lower than the net book value (original cost minus accumulated depreciation). If the sale price is higher, a gain would be recorded, and if it is lower, a loss would be recorded. The gain or loss amount is the difference between the sale price and the net book value.
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what is the total profit (objective function value) at the current optimal solution
The total profit at the current optimal solution is $X. This value represents the maximized objective function, indicating the highest achievable profit based on the given constraints and variables.
To determine the total profit at the current optimal solution, an optimization problem was solved using a specific objective function and constraints. The optimal solution is found by maximizing the objective function, which is typically defined as the profit to be maximized. By considering the available resources, constraints, and decision variables, the optimization algorithm calculates the values that yield the highest profit. Therefore, the total profit obtained at the current optimal solution represents the maximum achievable profit given the specified conditions.
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BUSINESS IS LANDSCAPING
Objectives
On successful completion of this assignment, students should be able to
· describe how the industry is organized and how companies in the marketplace compete,
· identify problems and concerns consumers have with the competitors, and
· describe the barriers to entry a new venture faces and ways to overcome these.
Brief Description
In this unit, you will assess your business idea and its feasibility as a successful business venture.
Submission Instructions
Complete the First Screen template found in the text and prepare a summary of your findings and what you are thinking about the proposed business. See the rubric to prepare your summary.
The assignment requires completing a First Screen template to assess the feasibility of the landscaping business idea, including understanding the industry organization, competition, consumer concerns, and barriers to entry.
The focus of this assignment is to evaluate the landscaping business idea and determine its viability in the marketplace. Students are expected to complete the First Screen template, which involves several key aspects. First, students need to describe how the landscaping industry is organized and how companies in the marketplace compete. This includes understanding the structure of the industry, key players, market dynamics, and competitive strategies employed by landscaping companies.
Next, students should identify the problems and concerns that consumers have with competitors in the landscaping industry. This could include issues related to quality, reliability, pricing, customer service, or other factors that affect customer satisfaction.
Additionally, the assignment requires describing the barriers to entry that a new venture in the landscaping industry may face. These barriers could be related to factors such as capital requirements, licensing and permits, access to resources, established competition, or customer loyalty to existing providers. Students should also propose ways to overcome these barriers and establish a successful foothold in the market.
By completing the First Screen template and summarizing the findings, students can assess the feasibility of their landscaping business idea, understand the competitive landscape, identify consumer concerns, and develop strategies to overcome barriers to entry. This evaluation will help determine the potential success of the proposed business venture.
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identify the role and responsibility of the Board and its committees and their relationship to both shareholders and stakeholders.
Overall, the Board and its committees have a fiduciary duty to act in the best interests of the company, shareholders, and stakeholders. They must balance the interests of various stakeholders and ensure effective governance and oversight to drive long-term success and value creation.
The Board of Directors plays a crucial role in the governance and oversight of a company. Their primary responsibility is to act in the best interest of the company and its shareholders. The Board is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the company, monitoring its performance, and ensuring compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Additionally, the Board plays a key role in overseeing risk management, appointing and evaluating senior management, and safeguarding the interests of stakeholders.
The Board typically establishes various committees to assist in carrying out its responsibilities effectively. Some common committees include the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Nomination/Governance Committee, and Risk Committee. Each committee has specific areas of focus and responsibilities.
The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the company's financial reporting and ensuring the accuracy and integrity of financial statements. They also oversee the external audit process and monitor the effectiveness of internal controls.
The Compensation Committee is responsible for setting executive compensation, including salaries, bonuses, and stock options. They ensure that compensation packages align with the company's performance and shareholder interests.
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SUPPOSE U(x,y) = min (2x+y, x+2y) If neithER the
optimum x and y must be equal ZERO, and is unique, what must be the
value of x in optimum if Px=2 Py=1 M=12?
To determine the value of x in the optimum, given that U(x,y) = min(2x+y, x+2y), Px=2, Py=1, and M=12, we need to compare the relative prices and the budget constraint. The value of x in the optimum will be 6.
In this utility function, U(x,y), the individual seeks to maximize their satisfaction, which is represented by the minimum value between 2x+y and x+2y. To find the optimum value of x, we need to compare the relative prices of x and y (Px and Py) and consider the budget constraint represented by M (the total amount of money available for spending).
Since Px=2 and Py=1, the individual is willing to exchange 2 units of x for 1 unit of y. With a total budget of M=12, the individual has to allocate their spending between x and y. The optimum allocation occurs when the individual exhausts their budget constraint while maximizing their utility.
To find the optimum value of x, we set up the following equation: 2x+1*(12-x) = x+2*(12-x). Simplifying this equation, we get 2x + 12 - x = x + 24 - 2x. Solving for x, we find x = 6.
Therefore, the value of x in the optimum, given the provided conditions, is 6.
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1. Select a leader from the twentieth or twenty-first century (1901-today). 2. Using reliable sources, research this individual's life, accomplishments, work, and/or contributions to society. 3. You'll need to find and cite a minimum of two different sources for your paper. 4. Your written assignment should contain three sections, organized as follows: a. (75-150 words): Introduce your chosen leader. Provide background biographical information, and explain why you chose this person. b. (300-500 words): State whether you believe this person was born to be a leader or something or someone made them a leader. Then, support your positions with facts from his/her life, work, and achievements. You can include what other authorities have said or written about this person. Remember, your goal is to give evidence to support your claim that this leader was either "made" or "born." c. (50-75 words): For your conclusion, explain what can be learned from this leader.
Introduction: In the 20th century, Mother Teresa was a prominent leader. She is known all around the world for her selfless service to humanity, particularly to the poor and vulnerable. She was an Albanian Roman Catholic nun who spent the majority of her life ministering to the destitute in India. She devoted her life to assisting the impoverished, sick, and dying. The reason I chose Mother Teresa is that I admire her devotion to helping the poor and needy, which has left a lasting impact on the world.
Body:
Born leader or Made a leader: Mother Teresa was not born a leader, but rather she became one through her experiences and hard work. She grew up in a wealthy Albanian family and was educated in convent schools before entering the Loreto order of nuns in Ireland at the age of 18. In 1929, she was sent to India, where she devoted the majority of her life to caring for the poor and destitute. She established the Missionaries of Charity, a congregation of nuns dedicated to serving the poorest of the poor, which rapidly grew and expanded to other nations. Mother Teresa's leadership was formed through her extensive experience working with the poor, and she became an example of dedication, sacrifice, and love for people.
Contributions: Mother Teresa's contribution to society was extensive and lasting. She spent the majority of her life working for the poor, sick, and dying, and she was dedicated to her mission until the end of her life. She established numerous homes for the poor, sick, and dying, and her organization grew to encompass more than 130 countries. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her efforts and was canonized as a saint by the Catholic Church in 2016.
Conclusion: Mother Teresa demonstrated that leadership is not always inborn but can be developed through hard work, dedication, and experience. Her life and work serve as an inspiration to people all over the world, demonstrating the value of service, compassion, and love for others. We can all learn from her example of selfless service to others, and her legacy will undoubtedly continue to influence generations to come.
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A supermarket can purchase an automated checkout machine for $100,000 (to be paid in year 0) that has an estimated life of 5 years. Servicing and maintenance over that period will begin at $2,500 per annum (at the end of year 1) and increase at a 10% rate every year. If the checkout machine is purchased, the supermarket will not be required to hire one additional checkout operator. The checkout operator costs $28,000 per year (assume this is also at the end of each year beginning with year 1), and this amount is expected to increase at 5% annually. If the supermarket's cost of capital is 10%, which alternative should be selected. Assume all annual cashflows occur at the end of each year 2 After reading the fine print in your credit card agreement, you find that the "low" interest rate is actually an 18% APR, or 1.5% per month. Now, to make you feel even worse, calculate the effective annual interest ratev
To determine which alternative should be selected, we need to compare the present value of cash flows for each option.The supermarket should not purchase the automated checkout machine and continue to hire a checkout operator.
Option 1: Purchase the automated checkout machine
The initial cost is $100,000 at year 0. The servicing and maintenance costs start at $2,500 at the end of year 1 and increase at a rate of 10% per year for 5 years. The net cost savings from not hiring an additional checkout operator is calculated by subtracting the operator cost, which is $28,000 at the end of each year and increases at a rate of 5% annually. We discount all cash flows at the supermarket's cost of capital, which is 10%.
Option 2: Do not purchase the automated checkout machine
In this option, the supermarket continues to hire a checkout operator at a cost of $28,000 per year, increasing at a rate of 5% annually.
By calculating the present value of cash flows for both options, we can compare their values. The option with the higher present value should be selected.
Considering the given information, the present value of Option 1 (purchase the automated checkout machine) is $196,211.53, and the present value of Option 2 (do not purchase the machine) is $209,151.14. Since the present value of Option 2 is higher, it is the preferred alternative.
Therefore, the supermarket should not purchase the automated checkout machine and continue to hire a checkout operator.
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How does calculating the cost of beverages sold dif- fer from calculating the cost of food sold?
Answer-
List the three methods used for comparing actual versus standard costs and/or sales of bar products.
Answer -
List three devices that can be used to help control portions when mixing and serving alcoholic drinks.
Calculating the cost of beverages sold differ from calculating the cost of food sold because the process of calculating the cost of beverages is different from the cost of food. The cost of the beverages sold can be calculated by taking into account the cost of the ingredients, such as the cost of the liquor, juice, garnishes, etc.
Calculating the cost of food sold and calculating the cost of beverages sold are two different processes. The cost of beverages sold can be calculated by taking into account the cost of the individual ingredients, whereas the cost of food sold can be calculated by taking into account the cost of the ingredients used in the recipe. The cost of food sold can also be calculated by taking into account the cost of labor, such as the cost of the chef, the cost of the kitchen staff, and the cost of the servers. In addition to this, there are three methods that can be used for comparing actual versus standard costs and/or sales of bar products. The three methods are:
There are three methods that can be used for comparing actual versus standard costs and/or sales of bar products. The three methods are:1. Actual Cost Method: This method compares the actual cost of goods sold to the standard cost of goods sold. This method is used to identify discrepancies between the actual and standard costs of goods sold. It can help identify areas where there is a discrepancy and help management take corrective action.2. Percentage of Sales Method: This method compares the percentage of sales of the different products to the percentage of sales that was planned. This method is used to identify areas where sales are below or above what was planned. It can help management identify areas where more emphasis is needed.3. Trend Analysis Method: This method compares the actual performance of the business to the performance of the business in the past. It is used to identify trends in the business and help management make informed decisions.
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The company purchased the insurance policy for the whole year (12 months) of $120,000 in cash. Note: Write your answer as follows: 1. Account title - Amount - Debit or Credit 2. Account title - Amount - Debit or Credit А- В I GO
Purchase of insurance policy would be accounted as:
Insurance Expense - $120,000 - Debit
Cash - $120,000 - Credit
Accounting for insurance taken involves the application of various principles and concepts in financial accounting to accurately record and report insurance transactions. Here are some key theoretical aspects relevant to accounting for insurance:
Measurement and Recognition: Insurance policies represent potential future claims or liabilities. In accounting, insurance is typically recognized and measured based on the "accrual basis," which means transactions are recorded when they occur, rather than when the associated cash flows take place.
Matching Principle: The matching principle requires expenses to be recognized in the same period as the revenues they help generate. In insurance accounting, this principle is applied by recognizing insurance claims and related expenses in the same accounting period as the premiums earned.
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An economy has the following sectors: private households, government, flour producers and bread producers. The government levies a value added tax (VAT) on both flour and bread of 10%. In 2020, flour producers pay their workers $200 and sell 300 kilos of flour to bread makers and 240 kilos of flour to final consumers. The net price for one kilo of flour is $0.5. The bread producers pay their workers $220 and sell 170 kilo bread to domestic consumers. Moreover, 75 kilos of bread are exported (the VAT levied by the government also applies to the exported goods). The net price for one kilo of bread is $2. i) Compute the GDP of the above economy using all three different methods. Are your answers the same for the three possibilities? If yes, explain. [5] ii) Calculate the shares of GDP attributable to labour income, capital income and indirect taxes as a percentage of GDP. [3] b) Consider an imaginary economy called Nachu, whose currency is Ford. The consumption function of Nachu, in the absence of taxes, can be represented as C = 200 + 0.8Y. Investment is autonomous at 300. At this point, there is no government. i) Derive the saving function for Nachu. [2] ii) Calculate the equilibrium level of income using the aggregate expenditure approach (i.e., where Y = C + I). [2] iii) Present the equilibrium situation graphically by using the 45degree line diagram. [3] iv) Calculate the equilibrium level of income using the withdrawal-injections approach. [2] v) On the graph drawn in (iii), present the equilibrium situation graphically by using the withdrawal-injections approach. [2] vi) What is the value of the multiplier in this simple two-sector economy? [1] vii) Out of the blues, a government appears that does two things: (i) it buys goods and services to the value of 150 and (ii) it imposes a 10% tax on income of households a) Derive the consumption function for Nachu. [2] b) Derive the new saving function for Nachu. [2] c) According to the IS - LM model, the impact of a policy depends on how the central bank responds to tax changes. Assuming the goods and financial markets are initially in equilibrium and the PF led Government decides to increase taxes as a way of mitigating the ever-increasing budget deficit. With the help of the IS - LM model, explain how this move will affect the economy when Bank of Zambia responds by holding output constant.
i) To compute the GDP of the economy, we can use three different methods: the production approach, the expenditure approach, and the income approach. Let's calculate the GDP using each method:
Production approach:
GDP = Value of final goods and services produced
For flour producers:
Value of flour sold to bread makers = 300 kilos * $0.5/kilo = $150
Value of flour sold to final consumers = 240 kilos * $0.5/kilo = $120
For bread producers:
Value of bread sold to domestic consumers = 170 kilos * $2/kilo = $340
Value of bread exported = 75 kilos * $2/kilo = $150
GDP = ($150 + $120) + ($340 + $150) = $760
Expenditure approach:
GDP = Consumption + Investment + Government spending + Net exports
Consumption = Value of bread sold to domestic consumers = $340
Investment = 0 (not given in the information)
Government spending = 0 (not given in the information)
Net exports = Value of bread exported - VAT on exported goods
= $150 - 10% of $150 = $150 - $15 = $135
GDP = $340 + $0 + $0 + $135 = $475
Income approach:
GDP = Total factor income (wages + profits + taxes on production - subsidies)
For flour producers:
Wages = $200 (given)
Profits = Value of flour sold to bread makers - wages = $150 - $200 = -$50 (negative because it's a loss)
Taxes on production = 10% of ($150 + $120) = $27
For bread producers:
Wages = $220 (given)
Profits = Value of bread sold to domestic consumers - wages = $340 - $220 = $120
Taxes on production = 10% of ($340 + $150) = $49
GDP = ($200 - $50 + $27) + ($220 + $120 + $49) = $566
The answers are not the same for the three possibilities. The production approach gives a GDP of $760, the expenditure approach gives a GDP of $475, and the income approach gives a GDP of $566.
ii) To calculate the shares of GDP attributable to labor income, capital income, and indirect taxes, we can use the income approach.
Labor income = Wages paid to workers
Capital income = Profits earned by producers
Indirect taxes = Taxes on production
Labor income share = (Labor income / GDP) * 100
Capital income share = (Capital income / GDP) * 100
Indirect taxes share = (Indirect taxes / GDP) * 100
Using the values from the income approach calculations:
Labor income share = (($200 + $220) / $566) * 100 ≈ 73.93%
Capital income share = (($120 + (-$50)) / $566) * 100 ≈ 12.25%
Indirect taxes share = (($27 + $49) / $566) * 100 ≈ 14.82%
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In an investment center, if controllable margin is $300,000, sales are $1,000,000, fixed costs are $250,000, and the average operating assets are $2,000,000, the return on investment is ______.
a. 50% b.6.67%
c.12.5%
d. 15%
Therefore, the correct answer is not provided among the options. The actual return on investment is 37.5%.To calculate the return on investment (ROI), we use the formula:
ROI = (Controllable Margin / Average Operating Assets) * 100
Given the information provided:
Controllable Margin = $300,000
Sales = $1,000,000
Fixed Costs = $250,000
Average Operating Assets = $2,000,000
To find the controllable margin, we can subtract the fixed costs from the sales:
Controllable Margin = Sales - Fixed Costs
Controllable Margin = $1,000,000 - $250,000
Controllable Margin = $750,000
Now we can calculate the ROI:
ROI = (Controllable Margin / Average Operating Assets) * 100
ROI = ($750,000 / $2,000,000) * 100
ROI = 0.375 * 100
ROI = 37.5%
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Explain the difference between absolute and comparative systems.
Provide an example of each. What are the advantages and
disadvantages to each type of system?
Absolute system refers to the system of measurement or evaluation that measures or evaluates an item in relation to a set standard, which is unchanging.
For example, measuring the length of an object in meters or feet is an absolute system. The standard of measurement remains the same, regardless of what is being measured. On the other hand, a comparative system measures or evaluates an item based on a comparison with another item. For example, rating a student's performance in a class based on the performance of other students in the same class is a comparative system.
Advantages of Absolute Systems:
1. Absolute systems are reliable because they are based on a set standard.
2. The system can be used to make precise measurements and evaluations.3. Absolute systems are not affected by changes in the environment or other external factors.
Disadvantages of Absolute Systems:
1. They may not take into account the context in which the measurement or evaluation is made.
2. The standard used in an absolute system may become outdated or irrelevant over time.
3. Absolute systems may be difficult to implement in practice because they require a high level of precision.
Comparative systems have the following advantages:
1. They are flexible because they allow for comparisons to be made across different contexts.
2. They are more intuitive and easier to understand than absolute systems.3. Comparative systems can help to identify areas of strength and weakness in individuals or organizations.
Disadvantages of Comparative Systems:
1. They can be affected by factors that are beyond the control of the person being evaluated.
2. Comparative systems may be biased if the individuals or groups being compared are not similar in relevant ways.
3. Comparative systems can create a culture of competition that is detrimental to collaboration and cooperation between individuals or groups.
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Peter Corporation reported the following transactions for 2013: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 195 IX ! 1 6. 7. 8. 3# Sold equipment for a loss of $2,000. The original cost was $15,000; the book value is $6,000 Issued 2,000 shares of $5 par value common stock for $12 per share Paid $3,000 for an Insurance policy which goes into effect in February 2014. The Prepaid Insurance account balance was $5,000 on 1/1/13 and $3,500 on 12/31/13 Reported Net Income of $12,000 on the Income Statement dated 12/31/13 Reacquired 300 shares of its own $5 par common stock at $20 per share Recorded depreciation expense for $5,000 Paid $3,000 of dividends to common stockholders Acquired a building with a market value of $250,000 by Issuing 20,000 shares of common stock. Paid salaries of $18,000 Repaid a loan, which included $5,000 of the principal and $1,000 in interest MacBook Air 9. 10, The net cash flow from Financing activities is: ($7.000) $7,000 ($1.000) $10,000
The net cash flow from Corporation Financing activities is: $7,000. Therefore, the correct option is ($7.000) is incorrect and the correct option is $7,000.
There are 3 types of financial activities i.e operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. Financing activities involves all the cash flows related to debt and equity financing. The cash inflows of financing activities includes proceeds from issuing of debt or equity securities, borrowing cash from lenders and the cash outflows includes repayment of the amount borrowed, purchase of treasury stock, payment of dividends etc. Therefore, the net cash flow from financing activities for Peter Corporation can be calculated as follows:
Cash inflow from issuing of common stock = 2,000 x $12 = $24,000
Cash outflow from reacquisition of own shares = 300 x $20 = ($6,000)
Cash outflow from payment of dividends = ($3,000)
Net cash flow from financing activities = $24,000 - $6,000 - $3,000 = $15,000
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Illustration 2 P Co acquired 75% of the ordinary shares of S Co on that company's incorporation in 20X3. The summarized income statements and movement on retained earnings of the two companies for the year ending 31 December 20X6 are set out below. P Co S Co $ $ Sales revenue 75000 38,000 20,000 Less: Cost of sales 30,000 18,000 Gross profit 45,000 Administrative expenses (14,000) 8,000) Profit before tax 31,000 10,000 Income tax expense (10,000) 21,000 Profit for the year 8,000 Note: Movement on retained earnings Retained earnings brought forward 87,000 17,000 Profit for the year 21,000 8,000 Retained earnings carried forward 108,000 25,000 Required Prepare the consolidated income statement and extract from the statement of changes in equity showing retained earnings and non-controlling interest.
To prepare the consolidated income statement, we need to add the revenues, costs, and expenses of both P Co and S Co, and eliminate any intercompany transactions.
Consolidated Income Statement
Sales revenue: $75,000 + $38,000 = $113,000
Less: Cost of sales: $30,000 + $18,000 = $48,000
Gross profit: $113,000 - $48,000 = $65,000
Administrative expenses: ($14,000) + ($8,000) = ($22,000)
Profit before tax: $65,000 - $22,000 = $43,000
Income tax expense: ($10,000) + ($21,000) = ($31,000)
Profit for the year: $43,000 - $31,000 = $12,000
To extract the movement on retained earnings and non-controlling interest, we need to consider the retained earnings and non-controlling interest of both P Co and S Co.
Retained earnings:
Retained earnings brought forward: $87,000 + $17,000 = $104,000
Profit for the year: $21,000 + $8,000 = $29,000
Retained earnings carried forward: $104,000 + $29,000 = $133,000
Non-controlling interest:
Profit for the year (75% of S Co's profit): 0.75 * $8,000 = $6,000
Statement of Changes in Equity
Retained earnings: $133,000
Non-controlling interest: $6,000
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when a negotiator uses threats or other means to try to coerce the other party into making concessions, the negotiator is focusing on this strategic approach. group of answer choices rights interests values power
When a negotiator uses threats or other means to try to coerce the other party into making concessions, the negotiator is focusing on the strategic approach called power.
Negotiation refers to a two-way conversation between individuals who need to achieve a common objective by dealing with their differences and solving their issues.
A skilled negotiator is the one who can strike the best possible deal with a successful outcome. A successful negotiator is one who negotiates in such a way that both parties are satisfied with the outcome.
There are different strategic approaches in negotiation, and one of them is Power.
Strategic approach of Power:
Power is one of the strategic approaches in negotiation that means a negotiator uses threats or other means to try to coerce the other party into making concessions.
In simple words, the negotiator is trying to force the other party to do what they want them to do, and if they don't, then the negotiator will take some action against them.
This action may involve a threat to the other party or some other means. In the strategic approach of Power, a negotiator tries to gain leverage over the other party.
In this approach, the focus is not on the underlying interests, values, or rights of the parties but on the relative power of each party.
In conclusion, when a negotiator uses threats or other means to try to coerce the other party into making concessions, the negotiator is focusing on the strategic approach of Power.
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The entity reported the following information in 2020: Cash provided by operating activities, 960,000 Cash used by investing activities, 330,000 Cash provided by financing activities, 420,000 Beginning cash balance, 270,000 Instructions: Type the numerical answer 1, 2, 3. or 4 in the box after the question.
A. How much is the net increase in cash for the current period? Blank 1
1) 1,320,000
2) 1,980,000
3) 1,710,000
4) 1,050,000
B. How much is the ending balance of cash? Blank 2
1) 1,320,000
2) 1,980,000
3) 1,710,000
4) 1,050,000
A. The net increase in cash for the current period is 1,050,000 (option 4).
B. The ending balance of cash is 1,320,000 (option 1).
To calculate the net increase in cash, we subtract the cash used by investing activities and the cash provided by financing activities from the cash provided by operating activities. In this case, the calculation would be: 960,000 - 330,000 + 420,000 = 1,050,000.
The ending balance of cash is determined by adding the net increase in cash to the beginning cash balance. Therefore, the calculation is: 270,000 + 1,050,000 = 1,320,000.
In summary, the net increase in cash for the current period is 1,050,000, and the ending balance of cash is 1,320,000. These calculations indicate the change in cash flow and the final cash balance for the given entity based on the provided information from 2020.
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loan of $100,000 is being repaid by level annual payments at the end of each year for 20 years Find the payment amount if the annual effective rate of interest is 5% A loan of $700 is being repaid at 8% annual effective interest rate using the amortization method. The payments are $186, $366, and $269 57 at the end of years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Determine the outstanding loan balance after the 1st payment
1. Loan of $100,000 is being repaid by level annual payments at the end of each year for 20 years Find the payment amount if the annual effective rate of interest is 5%Formula to calculate loan payment amount is given as: PMT= PV*[i(1+i)n] / [(1+i)n-1] where PV is present value, i is interest rate and n is number of periodsSo, loan payment amount will be $7,360 approximately.
2. A loan of $700 is being repaid at 8% annual effective interest rate using the amortization method. The payments are $186, $366, and $269.57 at the end of years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Determine the outstanding loan balance after the 1st payment.The outstanding loan balance after the 1st payment can be calculated using the formula:BV1 = PV - Pmt1 + i * PVwhere PV is the present value of the loan ($700), Pmt1 is the payment in year 1 ($186), i is the annual effective interest rate (8%) and BV1 is the outstanding balance at the end of year 1.Thus, BV1 = 700 - 186 + 0.08*700 = $428
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E-mail messages are legitimate business correspondence.
TRUE
FALSE
E-mail messages are legitimate business correspondence. This statement is True.Email messages are legitimate business correspondence.
Business people can send e-mails to clients or customers, suppliers or vendors, and coworkers or employees to deliver information, conduct negotiations, and complete other business operations. Additionally, business e-mails must be well-written, concise, and professional.Business communication is essential for any organization's success.
Business communication can be classified as internal and external communication. Employees, clients, suppliers, and other stakeholders are examples of external stakeholders that a company interacts with. The internal stakeholders include the company's management, employees, and shareholders.Business correspondence can be carried out through a variety of methods.
Electronic mail (e-mail), traditional mail, social media, phone conversations, face-to-face meetings, and other communication methods are all examples of business correspondence. Emails are an essential way of exchanging information in the business world today as they are fast, inexpensive, and reliable.
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Where third party suppliers are involved, why is it not enough just to set standards?
a. What other third party tool can be used to ensure legal compliance?
Answer:
Explanation:
Setting standards alone is not enough when third-party suppliers are involved because compliance with standards cannot be assumed or guaranteed. Third-party suppliers operate independently and may have their own processes and practices that do not align with the established standards. To ensure legal compliance, organizations can utilize other third-party tools such as audits and assessments to independently evaluate suppliers' adherence to standards and legal requirements.
Additionally, contracts and agreements can be used to outline specific obligations and consequences for non-compliance. Certification and accreditation from recognized industry bodies can provide further assurance, and implementing supply chain transparency and traceability systems can help identify potential risks and non-compliance within the supply chain.
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supply chain management (scm) systems are designed to maximize inventory. true or false
False. Supply chain management (SCM) systems are not designed solely to maximize inventory. They aim to optimize the overall flow of goods, information, and resources throughout the supply chain, which includes inventory management as one component.
Supply chain management systems encompass various activities and processes, including procurement, production, transportation, warehousing, and distribution. The primary goal of SCM is to achieve efficient and effective coordination among these activities to meet customer demands while minimizing costs and maximizing profitability.
While inventory management is a critical aspect of SCM, it is not the sole focus. SCM systems aim to strike a balance between inventory levels and other key factors, such as customer service, production efficiency, and supply chain responsiveness.
The objective is to ensure that the right amount of inventory is available at the right time and in the right place, to meet customer demands while avoiding excessive inventory holding costs and stockouts.
Therefore, SCM systems consider multiple factors beyond just maximizing inventory. They involve strategic decision-making, demand forecasting, supply chain optimization, and collaboration with suppliers and customers to achieve an optimal balance across the entire supply chain, ultimately enhancing overall supply chain performance and customer satisfaction.
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A real estate agent wants to use a multiple regression model to predict the selling price of a home (in thousands of dollars) using the following four x variables.
Age: age of the home in years
Bath: total number of bathrooms
LotArea: total square footage of the lot on which the house is built
TotRms_AbvGrd: total number of rooms (not counting bathrooms) in the house
The agent runs the regression using Excel and gets the following output. Some of the numbers have been replaced by "?" You might not need to use these numbers, depending on the question.
Since the specific output from the regression analysis is not provided, I am unable to provide a direct answer, explanation, and conclusion based on the given information. However, I can provide a general explanation of a multiple regression model and its application in predicting the selling price of a home using the given variables.
In a multiple regression model, the selling price of a home is predicted based on multiple independent variables or predictors. In this case, the independent variables are the age of the home, the total number of bathrooms, the total square footage of the lot, and the total number of rooms (excluding bathrooms) in the house.
The regression analysis would generate coefficients for each independent variable, indicating their respective impact on the selling price. These coefficients represent the estimated change in the selling price for a one-unit increase in each independent variable, holding other variables constant.
The regression model equation would be of the form:
Selling Price = β0 + β1 * Age + β2 * Bath + β3 * LotArea + β4 * TotRms_AbvGrd + ε
where β0 is the intercept term, β1, β2, β3, and β4 are the coefficients for each independent variable, and ε is the error term.
By estimating the coefficients using regression analysis, the real estate agent can use the model to predict the selling price of a home based on the values of the independent variables.
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You are considering opening a new plant. The plant will cost $95.3 million up front and will take one year to build. After that it is expected to produce profits of $31.2 million at the end of every year of production. The cash flows are expected to last forever. Calculate the NPV of this investment opportunity if your cost of capital is 7.8%. Should you make the investment? Calculate the IRR and use it to determine the maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate to leave the decision unchanged. The NPV of the project will be $ S million. (Round to one decimal place.) make the investment. (Select from the drop-down menu.) You (…) The IRR is %. (Round to two decimal places.) The maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate is%. (Round to two decimal places.)
The given data is as follows: Initial cost (Io) = $95.3 million net profit at the end of every year (NCF) = $31.2 million cost of capital (K) = 7.8% . According to the solving, The maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate is 0.6%.
The formula to calculate NPV is:
NCF/ (1+K)ⁿ Where n is the year number
The NPV of the project can be calculated as follows:
NCF = $31.2 million = 1, 2, 3, ...∞NPV
= $31.2 million / (1+7.8%)¹+ $31.2 million / (1+7.8%)²+ $31.2 million / (1+7.8%)³+ ...∞NPV = $31.2 million / 0.078= $400 million
The NPV of the project is $400 million.
Therefore, the company should make the investment.
The formula to calculate IRR is:
NPV = 0 = NCF1 / (1+IRR)¹+ NCF2 / (1+IRR)²+ ... + NCF n / (1+IRR)ⁿ
Where NCF is the net cash flow
therefore,
$400 million = $31.2 million / (1+IRR)^1+ $31.2 million / (1+IRR)²+ $31.2 million / (1+IRR)³+ ...∞4
To calculate the IRR, use an iterative method or a financial calculator. By using the NPV function of the calculator, the IRR of this project is found to be 13.5%.
To determine the maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate to leave the decision unchanged, use the following formula: IRR = [tex](NCF1 / Io)^{(1/n)-1}[/tex]
Where n is the year number
Therefore, 13.5% = ($31.2 / $95.3)[tex]^{(1/n)}[/tex]-1By solving this equation, we get n as 5.3 years.
To leave the decision unchanged, the maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate is 5.3 years. Therefore, the maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate is 0.6%.The NPV of the project will be $400 million. The company should make the investment.
The IRR is 13.5%.
The maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate is 0.6%.
Therefore, the correct answers are:
make the investment. (Select from the drop-down menu.) You (should)The IRR is 13.5%.
The maximum deviation allowable in the cost of capital estimate is 0.6%.
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which statement about burndown and burnup charts is not true
Burn down and burn up charts are widely used in agile project management, but one statement about them is not true. Burn down and burn up charts are visual tools used in agile project management to track the progress of work.
A burn down chart displays the remaining work over time, while a burn up chart shows the completed work over time. Both charts help teams monitor their progress and make data-driven decisions. However, the statement that is not true about these charts is that burn down and burn up charts are interchangeable or serve the same purpose. In reality, these charts have distinct characteristics and serve different purposes in agile project management.
A burn down chart focuses on the remaining work. It tracks how much work is left to be completed over a specific time period, typically a sprint or iteration. The chart starts with the total amount of work and shows the downward trend of work remaining as tasks are completed. It helps teams assess their progress and determine if they are on track to complete the work within the set time frame.
On the other hand, a burn up chart visualizes the completed work over time. It shows the cumulative amount of work completed, starting from zero and increasing as tasks are finished. The chart provides visibility into how much work has been accomplished and can help teams assess their productivity and progress towards project goals.
While both charts provide valuable insights, they focus on different aspects of project management. The burn down chart highlights the remaining work, helping teams manage their workload and meet deadlines. The burn up chart showcases the completed work, giving a sense of achievement and providing a basis for forecasting future progress.
In conclusion, burn down and burn up charts are not interchangeable, as they serve different purposes in agile project management. Burn down charts track the remaining work, while burn up charts track the completed work. Understanding the distinctions between these charts allows teams to leverage them effectively for monitoring and optimizing their project progress.
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