Phenolics control microbes by :
1) Disrupting the cell membrane
2) Denaturing metabolic enzymes
3) Disrupting the cell wall
Phenolic compounds are a group of small molecules characterised by their structures having at least one phenol unit. Based on their chemical structures, phenolic compounds can be divided into exclusive subgroups, along with phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, lignans, quinones, stilbens, and curcuminoids.
Phenolics play important roles in plant development, specifically in lignin and pigment biosynthesis. In addition they provide structural integrity and scaffolding assist to flora.
Phenolics have right chemical resistance and are immune to alcohols, esters, ketones, ethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons, benzene, mineral oils, fats, and oils.
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if, in a heterozygous individual, only one allele is expressed in the phenotype, that allele is: group of answer choices recessive. normal. potent. haploid. dominant.
Only one allele—the dominant allele—is expressed in the phenotypic of a heterozygous person.
What does it mean to be heterozygous?(HEH-teh-roh-ZY-gus JEE-noh-tipe) a gene region where there are two distinct alleles present. One normal allele and just one mutated allele, or two distinct mutated alleles, can make up a heterozygous genotype (compound heterozygote).
What is an example of heterozygosity?You have such a genetic trait for that gene if the two options differ from one another. For instance, having one gene for red hair one and allele for brown hair could indicate that you are heterozygous for hair color.
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The term "dominant allele" refers to an allele that has the upper hand over another allele or that is strong enough to stifle the expression of another allele.
Does heterozygosity imply similarity or difference?
A person is heterozygous if they inherit various copies of the same gene from both parents. When a gene from each grandparent is identical, it is said to be homozygous. In essence, homozygous denotes the same thing while heterozygous denotes differences.
What does the scientific term homozygous mean?
The term "homozygous" refers to a genetic situation in which each set of chromosomes in an organism carries identical genes for a single gene inherited from both parents. Allele: Various combinations of one or more genes.
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a population of small fish is introduced into a large lake (lake grande). the lake has regions of different depths, from shallow to deep, with different oxygen levels and algal (fish food) populations. another population of the same species of fish is introduced into a small, uniform pond (wee lac). after many generations, which body of water will have more species of fish?
More fish species will be present in large lake water depends on environmental factors.
Simply, large bodies of water are known for producing large fish. It's simple to assume that larger lakes would hold greater fishspecies , so do so. Arctic seas and surrounding waterways are home to 400 different kinds of fish, the majority of which live on or the bottom. Therefore, the Pacific wins for having the greatest marine life based on worldwide fisheries and the total richness of coral reef ecosystems. Distribution and abundance in lakes and reservoirs in North America are influenced by biological factors like availability of food and competing with other fish species, as well as environmental factors like lake elevation, water quality, and lake form. The most of it is a myth. It is real.
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List 2 for each fluid: Specify if each fluid is a liquid or gas and explain why. 1. Home 2. school/work 3. outdoors
The types of fluid for each place include the following listed below:
1. Home - Liquid soap, oil
2. School/work - Water, Oxygen.
3. Outdoors - Oxygen, water
What is a Fluid?This is referred to as a substance which could be in the form of liquid or gas and is capable of continually flowing when it is subjected to shear stress or external force.
There are various types of fluids which have their individual properties which is based on their structure and atoms such as liquid soap which is used in the home for household chores such as washing and cleaning of materials or surfaces.
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Answer:
Home: Cooking Oil is used to cook a variety of vegetables/ foods, Water is a basic need to live and we drink it everywhere including our homes.
School: Liquid soap is used for clean windows, floors and sometimes ourselves, Oxygen is also a basic need just like water to live but for breathing.
Outdoors: Engine Oil is a liquid and used to repair cars and Gas is a fuel used to run cars and vehicles
what is the most significant factor affecting environments and biodiversity. describe what role do humans have in protecting or changing this issue?
The most significant factor affecting environments and biodiversity is the way that humans have altered natural habitats to make room for farmland or to obtain natural resources. As humans, it is our role to protect the environment.
To obtain our food, water, fuel, medicines, building materials, and many other necessities, humans must interact with the environment. Through the use of science and technology, we have improved our ability to exploit the environment for selfish purposes, but we have also harmed and polluted it. We have a moral duty to protect the environment for the benefit of present and future generations. Men are polluting the environment, whether they are conscious of it or not. Deforestation, water and air pollution, and greenhouse gas-induced climate change are a few of these. You can promote biodiversity and protect the environment by reducing, reusing, and recycling. Cut back on the waste you generate, volunteer to help with community clean-ups, Educate people, improve water efficiency, Think sustainably when shopping, be cautious, using light bulbs with a long lifespan. Plant a tree, etc.
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in conditioning birds and rats, you find that it is easier to condition birds with vision-relevant stimuli than with taste-relevant stimuli, and it is easier to condition rats with taste-relevant stimuli than with vision-relevant stimuli. these results are true because
In the vision relevant stimuli, the result are true due to Law of effect.
In physiology, a stimulus is a detectable exchange in the bodily or chemical shape of an organism's inner or external surroundings. The capability of an organism or organ to detect external stimuli, so that the right reaction may be made, is known as sensitivity.
Stimuli is a detectable trade within the inner or outside surroundings. That which influences or causes a brief increase of physiological activity or response inside the entire organism or in any of its parts.
Detection of stimuli is crucial for adaptation, or adjusting to changes in the surroundings. The human frame is ready with response mechanisms that allow us to alter to changes inside the surroundings in order for survival.
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What are the Independent, Dependent, and Controlled Variables?
I am observing the different stages of cell division by observing the tip of an onion root under a microscope and the time spent in each cycle.
During its completed cell division cycle, the onion root cell will have spent 68% in Interphase, 16% in Prophase, 6% in Metaphase, 4% in Anaphase, 4% in Telophase, and 2% in Cytokinesis.
What are the independent, dependent, and controlled variables of the onion roots cell division?
For more info my lab report is attached
When observing onion roots cell division may be defined as the time for division being the independent variable, the number of cells being the dependent variable and the controlled variable being the room temperature.
What is the independent variable?The independent variable is the variable that doesn't change along the experimental procedure while the dependent variable is modified by the conditions. The controlled variable is the same for all treatments.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the independent variable is not modified while the dependent variable change in function of the independent variable.
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milk and ear wax multiple choice question. a) are not secretions. b) are secreted from modified sweat glands. c) are secreted from modified sebaceous glands. d) are in the blood.
Answer: b
Explanation: because it’s right
Milk and ear wax "are secreted from modified sweat glands".
The ceruminous glands, whose were remodeled merocrine sweat glands, secrete ear wax, while the mammary glands, which were remodeled apocrine sweat glands, secrete milk.
A particular kind of gland that can be found in the skin, ear, breast, and eyelid. Apocrine glands inside the ear aid in the formation of earwax, whereas those in the breast produce fat droplets with breast milk. Sweat glands have been located in apocrine glands on the skin and eyelid.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (c).
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a bacterium is in a capillary tube that contains a gradient of both attractant (glucose) and a repellent (hydrogen peroxide). where will the bacteria concentrate?
The bacteria concentrate will be somewhere in the middle.
What are the role of bacteria in life on earth?Bacteria are a group of organisms that do not have a cell nucleus membrane. These organisms belong to prokaryotes and they are very small in size and have an important role in life on earth. Some groups of bacteria are known to cause infection and disease, and others can provide benefits in the fields of food, medicine, and industry.Attractants can also be referred to as attention grabber, which are chemicals that can cause insects to move closer to the source of these substances.Hydrogen peroxide may be a chemical compound with the formula H₂O₂. In its immaculate shape, it may be a clear, pale blue fluid, somewhat thicker than water. Hydrogen peroxide is the only peroxide. H₂O₂ is utilized as an oxidizing specialist, fading operator, and clean.Learn about bacteria here: brainly.com/question/8008968
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Since nutrients are absorbed through the surface of the cell membrane, and
nutrients are needed by the entire volume of the cell, a (larger/smaller) Surface
Area / Volume ratio would mean the cell has a better ability to "feed" itself.
Since nutrients are absorbed through the surface of the cell membrane, and nutrients are needed by the entire volume of the cell, a smaller Surface Area / Volume ratio would mean the cell has a better ability to "feed" itself.
The cell needs to take in nutrients like carbohydrates and amino acids, and it also needs to release certain metabolic waste products. Such molecules are either pushed throughout the membranes by membrane transporters as well as diffuse passively along protein channels in assisted diffusion.
The ratio of surface area to volume declines with cell expansion. This is due to the fact that as a cell expands, its volume (internal contents) develops more quickly than just its surface area (its cell membrane).
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reactive oxygen species are? select one: a. produced in the mitochondria b. oxygen free-radicals c. found in antioxidant skin creams d. a and b e. a, b and c
A correct answer is option (D). Reactive oxygen species are oxygen free-radicals that are produced in mitochondria.
It is thought that oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules is what causes aging and the emergence of many disease conditions. Reactive oxygen species, including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals, are the culprits behind this damage. The species are free radicals that are deprived of oxygen. The majority of cells' mitochondria serve as the primary manufacturing site for reactive species. The main reactive oxygen species produced in the mitochondria is superoxide, which superoxide dismutase mostly converts to hydrogen peroxide.
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what specific type of macromolecules are at the ends of the markers of a red blood cell that reacts with a antiserum? with b antiserum?
the antigens of the ABO blood group are sugars ,which are present at the end/surface of RBC's . Antiserum-A reacts with red cells of Group A or AB. Antiserum-B reacts with red cells of Group B or AB.
Of all the blood group systems, the ABO blood group is the most crucial. Based on whether a person's red blood cells contain the A antigen, the B antigen, both the A and B antigens, or neither, there are four possible ABO blood types.
Normal healthy people produce red cell antibodies against A or B antigens that are not expressed on their own cells. These antibodies are mostly IgM immunoglobulins, which are found in nature. They assault and quickly kill red cells bearing the antigen. Anti-A, for instance, targets red cells from Group A or AB. Group B or AB red cells are targeted by anti-B.
Antiserum : Blood serum that can be used to prevent or cure illness or poisoning because it includes antibodies against harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, or snake venom.
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what is one virulence factor that differentiates staphylococcus aureus from other species of staphylococci?
Coagulase is the virulence factor that differentiates S.aureus from other staphylococcus species.
What is staphylococcus aureus?
It is a gram +ve bacteria that causes a wide range of diseases. Staphylococcus aureus is often spread by contaminated hands. An effective barrier against this infection would be the skin and mucus membrane. If these physical barriers are breached, then they may cause serious infections. S. aureus is the leading reason for skin and soft tissues infections. Example: abscesses, cellulitis, etc.
Most Staph infections aren’t usually serious, but they can cause serious bloodstream infections (bacteremia), pneumonia, bone and joint infections etc.
Hence, S. aureus is distinguished from other species of staphylococcus if it is coagulase positive. Which means the bacteria can cause blood coagulation, giving it its pathogenic nature.
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Blood is called tissue give reason
Blood is both a tissue and a fluid. It is a tissue because it is a collection of similarly specialized cells that serve particular functions. These cells are suspended in a liquid matrix (plasma), which makes the blood a fluid.
Explanation:Blood is considered a type of connective tissue because it connects the body systems, transports oxygen and nutrients to all the parts of the body, and removes waste products. Blood has an extra-cellular matrix called plasma, with red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets floating in it. Blood is a specialized form of fluid connective tissue. Blood is regarded as a connective tissue because as the blood is circulated throughout the body due to the pumping action of the heart, it carries different materials and gases from one part of the body to another. Hence, it connects different tissues and organs of the body and thus, is called connective tissue. It is considered a connective tissue because it consists of blood cells surrounded by a nonliving fluid matrix called blood plasma. It is the most atypical connective tissue: the fibres of blood are soluble protein molecules that become visible during blood clotting.
why is fructose toxic to liver cells, but not muscle cells, in individuals with a defect in the enzyme aldolase b?
Fructose is toxic to liver cells, but not muscle cells, in individuals with a defect in the enzyme aldolase, because muscle cells employ hexokinase to convert glucose to glucose-6P, which cannot be further metabolized, liver cells cannot.
In the second stage of the metabolism of fructose, aldolase B is in charge of converting the compound fructose-1-phosphate into glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Aldolase B is also involved in the breakdown of the simple sugar glucose, but to a lesser extent. The lack of the enzyme aldolase B is a defining feature of the autosomal recessive condition known as inherited fructose intolerance.
Fructose-1-phosphate is broken down into glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate by the crucial enzyme aldolase B. Phosphate depletion and fructose 1-phosphate buildup in the liver are symptoms of aldolase B deficiency. As a result, gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are suppressed, which inhibits the synthesis of proteins and causes liver failure.
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at about day 26, what will the chorionic villi do after sprouting from the blastocyst's outer membrane?
At about day 26, the blastocyst will form chorionic villi, which sprout from the blastocyst's outer membrane and make contact with the maternal blood supply.
The tiny, finger-like chorionic villi are extensions of the placenta with the same genetic makeup as the growing fetus. Testing for further genetic abnormalities and illnesses may be possible, depending on the family history and the availability of lab tests at the time of the surgery.
The placenta contains chorionic villi, which significantly increase the surface area via which the fetus can access the maternal blood supply.
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The _________ is a mixed gland with endocrine and exocrine functions that produces the majority of the digestive enzymes.
The Pancreases is a mixed gland with endocrine and exocrine functions that produces the majority of the digestive enzymes.
An organ of the digestive system, the pancreas is crucial in transforming the food we eat into energy for the body's cells and vertebrate endocrine system. It serves as a gland in humans and is situated in the abdomen, behind the stomach. The pancreas is a mixed or heterocrine gland, meaning that it performs both endocrine and exocrine functions related to digestion.
Exocrine function, which aids in digestion, and endocrine function, which controls blood sugar, are the pancreas' two primary tasks.
The secretions of the exocrine component travel through ducts. The pancreas is a gland that produces both exocrine (digestive enzymes) and endocrine (insulin) hormones.
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what is the predicted size of the corresponding mature mrna in base pairs (bp), excluding the 5' cap and 3' poly-a tail?
Predicted size of the corresponding mature mRNA in base pairs (bp), excluding the 5' cap and 3' poly-a tail is 295 bp.
1000 base long mRNA, this means that its double-stranded version will be 500 bp long. Messenger RNA or mRNA is a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis.
mRNA is type of RNA that is important for protein production. In human cells, mRNA uses the information in genes to create a copy for making proteins. Many mRNA vaccines helps to protect humans from various disease like recently scientist have developed covid vaccine using mRNA .
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A basketball player broke their arm after falling down during a play. As a result, their bone cells begin mitosis. The cells in the arm before the injury each had 46 chromosomes. After the bone has been repaired, how many chromosomes would you expect to find in the newly divided bone cells?
Since the cells of the broken arm had undergone mitosis, therefore the newly divided cells will also have 46 chromosomes.
Mitosis is the equational division. It is the process of cell division where the number of chromosomes remains the same even after cell division. There are 4 phases in mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Almost all the cells of the body except the germ cells undergo mitosis.
Chromosomes are the compactly packaged structures that contain the genetic material. They comprise of DNA and histone proteins. This form of packaging is the one in which the genetic material gets transferred from parents to their offspring.
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Organisms resemble their most recent ancestors more closely than distant ancestors.
*
1 point
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Is it possible for producers to be on any other level of an energy pyramid? Explain your reasoning.
Answer: Energy can be passed up to the rest of the pyramid from plants. Producers are living things that are able to make their own food. Most of them use the sun's light to make their food.
Explanation:
Now if you are all the way at the top, what's at the bottom of this pyramid? In order for it to stand, it has to have a strong base. So at the very bottom, we have the living things that can hold themselves up on their own with nothing beneath them. These are plants that are able to make their own energy from sun, gas, and water. They do not need much help from other living things. Energy can be passed up to the rest of the pyramid from plants.
Producers are living things that are able to make their own food. Most of them use the sun's light to make their food. They use most of the food they make to grow and stay alive, then store the rest in their bodies. Have you ever pulled a carrot up out of the ground? The orange part is the plant's stored energy. This is a great way to grow and still keep some energy for later. That is, of course, until a hungry rabbit hops along.
the process of obtaining energy from food and storing it in cells is an example of catabolism true or false
Answer: True!
Explanation:
During the catabolism energy is released from the bonds of the large molecules being broken down. Typically, that energy is then stored in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The catabolism increases the concentration of ATP in the cell as it breaks down nutrients and food.
Oxygen is important in the oxidation of glucose because it ____________________________.
Answer:
For oxidation to occur there must be oxygen.
Explanation:
scientifically speaking the word oxidation means the addition of a oxygen molecule
which of the following statements is true? question 2 options: a. atoms exist within molecules, molecules exist within macromolecules, macromolecules exist within organelles, organelles exist within cells. b. organelles exist within cells, which exist within macromolecules c. macromolecules exist within molecules, molecules exist within cells, cells exist within tissues. d. tissues exist within organelles, organelles exist within organs, organs exist within organisms. e. molecules exist within atoms, atoms exist within organelles, organelles exist within cells, cells exist within tissues.
Of the options provided, only option an is accurate. This is so because only Option A displays the correct organizational hierarchy.
Because an atom is the smallest structural and functional unit and because molecules are made up of many atoms, option a's claim that atoms exist within molecules is true. Similar to how molecules join to make macromolecules, organelles are made of macromolecules. Macromolecules are so found inside organelles. Finally, organelles are found inside cells.
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according to opinion polls, how do scientists and non scientists react differently to the idea of evolution?
Most scientists (66%) agree that evolution is a valid theory, while the majority of nonscientists think the theory adequately captures the natural world.
What do you mean when you research how the mind and behavior evolved using the laws of natural selection?Evolutionary psychology investigates our shared characteristics as people. Utilizing the ideas of natural selection, it focuses in particular on how behavior and the mind have evolved. More likely to be handed on are traits that help with reproduction and survival.
What statement about Darwin's theory of natural selection is accurate?What statement about Darwin's theory of natural selection is accurate? The possibilities of a species surviving are eliminated by genetic mutations.
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Two parents have a child. Both parents carry a copy of the Huntingtons allele.
What is the percent chance that the child does not inherit Huntingtons?
Both parents carrying a copy of the Huntingtons allele means that the percent chance that the child does not inherit Huntingtons is 25% and is denoted as option A.
What is Allele?This is referred to as the variant form of a gene and can be homozygous or heterozygous.
We were told that both parents carry a copy of the Huntingtons allele which means that they are heterozygous for the trait and can be expressed as seen below:
Hh × Hh = HH Hh Hh hh
This therefore means that the chance of them producing a child with Huntington’s disease is 3 in 4, or 75% while the chance of the child not inheriting it will be 100% - 75%b = 25%.
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which of the following is a trait shared by mammals and reptiles that is not shared by the other groups of chordates
A trait shared by mammals and reptiles that are not shared by the other groups of chordates (C). an amnion
Embryos of both humans and animals are initially entirely enclosed by a membrane called the amnion. The amniotic sac, which provides a safe environment for the developing fetus, fills with amniotic fluid as the amnion develops. The amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois all serve as protective coverings for the embryo. In monotremes, reptiles, and birds, the protective sac is encased in a shell. In placental mammals and marsupials, it is contained in a uterus.
Amnion is only present in mammals, birds, and reptiles. These groups' embryos are located in the thinnest layer. It isn't present in all chordates. A notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, and paired gill pouches are features shared by all chordates.
The complete question is:
Which of the following is a trait shared by mammals and reptiles that is not shared by the other groups of chordates?
A. hair
B. mammary glands
C. an amnion
D. legs
E. lungs
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What is a dog? Pleas help I need to know
Answer:
a quadrupedal mammal who is often called man's best friend
Biodiversity describes the variety of life on earth. How does biodiversity contribute to the sustainability of an ecosystem?
Responses
A Greater genetic diversity ensures less competition for resources.Greater genetic diversity ensures less competition for resources.
B Large populations are less likely to be wiped out by a disaster than smaller populations.Large populations are less likely to be wiped out by a disaster than smaller populations.
C Greater genetic diversity within and between species increases the chances of survival despite changes to the ecosystem.Greater genetic diversity within and between species increases the chances of survival despite changes to the ecosystem.
D The presence of more members of single-species ensures more protection against disease outbreaks.
Biodiversity contributes to the sustainability of an ecosystem because greater genetic diversity within and between species increases the chances of survival despite changes to the ecosystem (Option C).
What is biological biodiversity?The term biological biodiversity makes reference to all genetic variation contained by a given community living in an ecosystem, which is a fundamental issue to facing disturbance in the environment and re-establish normal conditions.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that biological biodiversity is a key issue to recover the health of an ecosystem after any type of disturbance in the community.
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The way in which biodiversity contribute to the sustainability of an ecosystem is as follows: Large populations are less likely to be wiped out by a disaster than smaller populations (option B).
What is biodiversity?Biodiversity is the diversity (number and variety of species) of plant and animal life within a region.
Genetic means something related to traits passed from parent to offspring while diversity means having a range of different things.
Genetic diversity refers to the range of different inherited traits within a species. In a species with high genetic diversity, there would be many individuals with a wide variety of different traits.
This means that biodiversity will contribute to the sustainability of an ecosystem by making a larger population.
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What molecule in cells provides the immediate energy needed for biochemical reactions?.
Molecule in cells provides the immediate energy needed for biochemical reactions is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
Understanding ATPATP is soluble in water because it has phosphatehydride bonds. The phosphatehydride bond of ATP is very unstable, easy to break but easy to reconnect.
This is why ATP can immediately release large amounts of energy when it is needed very quickly. This allows us to move the body quickly without any pause between the mind moving and the movement itself.
ATP formationATP is formed from the glycolysis process that takes place in the mitochondria. Mitochondria are cell organelles that have an internal membrane where glycolysis takes place.
Glycolysis is the reaction of breaking down glucose from food into pyruvic acid and ATP. The pyruvic acid is further broken down to produce ATP and tricarboxylic acid.
ATP is produced according to the amount of food that enters the body, and can be used up when used to move. When you exercise, the amount of ATP used by the body is more than when you only play with your cellphone.
This is why we feel tired after exercise, because the ATP in the body must be replenished with food.
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Describe the law of dominance inshort with a chart
The law of dominance, given by Mendel states that the cross between pure bred parents with contrasting traits gives offspring in F1 generation having only one trait which has dominant phenotype.
Traits are the certain characteristics of an individual. Traits are factors influenced by genes or environmental factors or both. A trait is something that can be visibly seen by an individual. They can be qualitative like eye color or quantitative like height.
Dominance is the phenomenon where one allele masks up the effect of another allele. In genetics, dominance of any character is generally represented by capital letters. Dominant allele can show its effect in heterozygous condition as well.
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