The allocation of funds from surplus units (savers) to deficit units (borrowers) occurs through financial intermediaries and financial markets. Here's an overview of the process:
1. Financial Intermediaries:
Financial intermediaries play a crucial role in facilitating the transfer of funds from savers to borrowers. They act as intermediaries between the two parties, pooling funds from savers and channeling them to borrowers in various forms. Some common types of financial intermediaries include banks, credit unions, insurance companies, pension funds, and mutual funds.
- Banks: Banks accept deposits from savers and provide loans and credit to borrowers. They use the deposited funds to extend credit to individuals, businesses, and other borrowers.
- Insurance Companies: Insurance companies collect premiums from policyholders and invest the funds in various financial instruments. They allocate a portion of these funds to borrowers through loans or by investing in bonds or other debt instruments.
- Mutual Funds: Mutual funds pool funds from individual investors and invest in a diversified portfolio of securities. The funds collected from investors can be allocated to borrowers through investments in corporate bonds, government bonds, or other debt instruments.
2. Financial Markets:
Financial markets provide a platform for the buying and selling of various financial instruments, facilitating the transfer of funds between savers and borrowers. These markets allow surplus units to directly lend or invest in the securities issued by deficit units. Some key financial markets include the bond market, stock market, money market, and foreign exchange market.
- Bond Market: In the bond market, borrowers issue bonds as a means to borrow funds from investors (savers). Savers purchase these bonds, effectively lending money to the issuer for a specified period and earning interest on the investment.
- Stock Market: Companies can raise funds by issuing shares of stock to investors. Savers can invest in these shares, becoming partial owners of the company and providing funds for its operations and growth.
- Money Market: The money market deals with short-term borrowing and lending of funds. Surplus units can invest in money market instruments like treasury bills, commercial paper, or certificates of deposit, providing short-term financing to deficit units.
- Foreign Exchange Market: In international finance, funds can flow from surplus units in one country to deficit units in another through currency exchange. Foreign exchange markets enable the conversion of one currency into another, facilitating cross-border investment and borrowing.
Overall, the allocation of funds from surplus units to deficit units occurs through the activities of financial intermediaries and transactions in various financial markets. These mechanisms provide avenues for savers to lend or invest their surplus funds, allowing borrowers to access the necessary capital for investment, business expansion, or other financial needs.
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homework questions The first question You have the following data as at the end of 2018 about SABIC, which uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in preparing its financial statements: 1. There is a brand that was purchased on 1/1/2014 for an amount of 2,750,000 and has a useful life of 25 years and a salvage value of 250,000 and is amortized using the straight line method. On 1/1/2018, its useful life was changed to only 15 years from the date of acquisition, and the scrap value became 200,000. 2. On 1/1/2008 a patent was purchased with a value of 40,000 riyals and has no limited useful life. On 31/12/2018, the fair value of the asset was estimated at 35,000, the present value of future benefits at 34,000, and the undiscounted future value of the benefits from using the asset 42,000. 3. There is a research that was launched to develop an intangible asset with a value of 200,000 riyals at the beginning of 2018, knowing that 40% of these amounts are due to development costs that meet the conditions for developing the asset. Required: What is the total assets of the company that will appear in the statement of financial position as on 31/12/2018 (indicate your answer and how each number is calculated) second question 1. Are there internally generated intangible assets that are not recorded in the company's books, explain this with examples. 2. In the event that the company receives an intangible asset as a government grant, how can it be accounted for in accordance with international accounting standards? The third question Al-Amal Company owns a group of assets. As an expert in IFRS, you are required to provide. advice on how to conduct an impairment test for each of the following assets: 1- An asset classified on the basis of IAS 16 Property, Equipment and Plant. 2- Investments in associate companies in accordance with the text of International Accounting Standard No. 28 on accounting for investments in associates. 3- Exploration, evaluation and exploration costs recognized in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standard No. 6 for the exploration and evaluation of mineral resources. 4- Financial investments available for sale classified in accordance with International Accounting Standard No. 39 on financial instruments, recognition and measurement. 5- An asset classified as held for sale in accordance with the text of International Financial Reporting Standard No. 5 relating to assets held for sale.
The total assets of SABIC as of December 31, 2018, would include the carrying values of the brand, patent, and the intangible asset developed through research.
To calculate the total assets as of December 31, 2018, we need to consider the carrying values of the brand, patent, and the developed intangible asset. The brand's carrying value can be determined by subtracting the accumulated amortization from the initial cost. For example, if the accumulated amortization for the brand as of December 31, 2018, is 550,000 riyals, the carrying value would be (2,750,000 - 550,000) riyals. The carrying value of the patent would be the fair value on December 31, 2018, since it has no limited useful life, so it would be 35,000 riyals.
For the developed intangible asset, 40% of the total value represents qualifying development costs, which can be included in the total assets. In this case, 40% of 200,000 riyals would be 80,000 riyals.
To determine the total assets on the statement of financial position as of December 31, 2018, you would add the carrying values of the brand (after adjusting for the change in useful life and scrap value), the patent, and the developed intangible asset (including qualifying development costs). The sum of these values would represent the total assets of the company as of that date.
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Boston Pizza’s main menu items have historically been made using wheat flour, which
is off-limits to gluten-free dieters. But while gluten was once thought to negatively impact only a small percentage of the general public—those with celiac disease—it has more recently been linked to number of allergies and intolerances, which has driven a wedge into wheat-based food consumption and turned gluten-free alternatives into a burgeoning food industry.
The growing demand for gluten-free foods presented BP with both a threat and an opportunity. While up to 10 percent of its market was suddenly abstaining from items on its menu, that same market was in need of healthy alternatives. The magnitude of the market had also jumpstarted research and development into gluten-free alternatives—a technological opportunity that was embraced by Boston Pizza, which introduced gluten-free to its menu in 2010.
The only problem was that the gluten-free dishes were prepared in the same kitchens as everything else, raising the possibility of cross-contamination, which BP was legally obligated to disclose. But rather than view this political-legal threat as a barrier, BP again turned it into a competitive opportunity. The company branded its gluten-free products as "GlutenWise," a trademark that not only showed BP’s commitment to respecting dietary sensitivities, but also positioned the company ahead of competitors who were struggling with the same dilemma.
The move was a total win, generating positive feedback even from the most demanding critics. "Everyone has the right to safe food," said Anne Wraggett, president of the Canadian Celiac Association, "and we are excited that Boston Pizza is taking steps to provide for the gluten-free community. Having safe gluten-free choices when dining out enhances our quality of life."
QUESTIONS (Include questions on the response)
1. Factors in the marketing environment are broken into categories. Identify the opportunities and threats that emerged in BP’s path toward introducing its GlutenWise menu, and sort them into their appropriate categories.
The marketing environment surrounding Boston Pizza's introduction of its GlutenWise menu presented both opportunities and threats.
One opportunity was the growing demand for gluten-free foods, which allowed BP to tap into a market in need of healthy alternatives. Another opportunity was the technological advancement in gluten-free research and development, which enabled BP to introduce gluten-free dishes. On the other hand, the threat arose from the possibility of cross-contamination, which required BP to disclose the risk of allergen presence. However, BP turned this threat into a competitive opportunity by branding its gluten-free products as "GlutenWise," showcasing its commitment to dietary sensitivities and gaining an advantage over competitors.
In the marketing environment, opportunities and threats emerged for Boston Pizza as it introduced the GlutenWise menu. The opportunity arose from the growing demand for gluten-free foods, driven by an increasing number of allergies and intolerances associated with gluten consumption. This allowed BP to cater to a market segment that was in need of healthy alternatives. Additionally, the technological opportunity emerged in the form of research and development advancements in gluten-free alternatives, enabling BP to introduce gluten-free dishes to its menu.
However, a threat also loomed as the gluten-free dishes were prepared in the same kitchens as other menu items, posing a risk of cross-contamination. This legal and safety concern required BP to disclose the potential allergen presence, which could have deterred customers. Nevertheless, BP turned this threat into an opportunity by branding its gluten-free products as "GlutenWise." This strategic move not only demonstrated BP's commitment to respecting dietary sensitivities but also positioned the company ahead of competitors who were struggling with the same dilemma. The "GlutenWise" trademark garnered positive feedback and enhanced the dining experience for the gluten-free community, aligning with the overall goal of providing safe and inclusive food choices.
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Grupo Traxión is a publicly traded company in the Mexican transportation industry. Traxión has significantly benefitted from the sharp increase in demand for long-haul transportation services in the aftermath of the pandemic, and in particular, from the drastic growth in the "last mile" delivery and storage services market since 2020. Traxión´s management team is assessing a new investment in the logistics and technology division, which is currently the fastest growing line of business. Overall, the investment requires incremental resources for capital expenditures, working capital requirements, etc. as described below:
Required initial capital expenditures today: $200 million. Given the technological nature of the asset, it will be fully depreciated in four years. Subsequently, the assets will have no remaining book or market value. Depreciation will follow the straight-line depreciation approach.
Working capital (net): $50 million initially, $50 million in year 1, years 2 and 3. In year 4, the net working capital dedicated to this project will be zero.
The new investments are expected to generate new sales of $500 million for each of the three subsequent years (years 1 to 3). Thereafter, new sales will be fully eroded due to the rapidly evolving nature of competition in this segment. The costs resulting from the new venture (excluding depreciation) are expected to be $227 million in years 1, 2 and 3. Depreciation will be expensed annually and separately as described above. Lastly, te corporate income tax rate is 30%.
What are the Free Cash Flows in Year 3?
a) 173.60
b) 168.40
c) 209.85
d) 147.35
e) 156.10
f) 206.10
g) 198.60
h) 230.90
Year three free cash flow: $134.60Explanation:The calculation of Free Cash Flow is given below.
Cash Inflows: Incremental Sales: $500 million
The cost of goods sold: $227 million
Yearly Depreciation = 200/4 = $50 million
Taxation Rate = 30%Cash
Outflows: Initial Capital Expenditure: $200 million Net Working Capital: $50 million (initial) + $50 million (in years 1, 2, and 3) = $200 million
Free Cash Flow in Year 3= $500 million - $227 million - $50 million (yearly depreciation * 3) = $134.60 million
Therefore, the free cash flow in year 3 is $134.60, which is the option (a).
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What gets measured, gets done." Do you consider this as a principle of strong performance management system? Why or why not? Also discuss the pitfalls in effective performance [10 Marks] management system.
It is true that "What gets measured, gets done" can be regarded as a fundamental tenet of an effective performance management system. It emphasises how crucial it is to define precise, quantifiable goals and objectives in order to motivate employees and produce the required results.
Individuals and teams are more inclined to concentrate their efforts on reaching those goals when performance is quantifiable and frequently monitored. Effective performance management systems do have some drawbacks, though, that should be taken into account. Overemphasising quantitative metrics can lead to the neglect of other crucial performance factors including teamwork, innovation, and employee growth. Setting ambiguous or unreasonable goals can also demotivate workers and cause them to become disengaged. Lack of timely feedback, inconsistent or biassed performance evaluations, and poor communication about performance goals can all work against a performance management system's efficiency. Performance management needs to be a continuous, team-based process that links employee growth with organisational goals, gives regular feedback, and takes into account a variety of performance-related factors.
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Describe two (2) responsibilities of a project manager. (2) 2.2 The renovation project for an office park in Sandton has the following ten (10) activities. The activity times as well as the precedence relationships are shown below. Activity Duration (days) Predecessors/s A 8 None None A A,B B,D C,E E,F G E,G,H I (4) [TURN OVER] 2.2.1 BELI В C D F G ا ا ا ا ا ا ان ان - 5 6 3 6 7 H 5 2 4 Draw the project network diagram. 2.2.2 Identify the project critical path. 2.2.3 What is the expected project completion time. 2.2.4 Complete the table below. Activity Duration Predecessors/s (days) A 8 None B None с A D A,B B,D C,E E,F G E,G,H I E F G H J 5 6 3 6 7 5 2 4 Early Early Late Late Slack start finish start finish (2) (2) (10) [20]
Responsibilities of a Project Manager:
Planning and Organizing: One of the main responsibilities of a project manager is to plan and organize the project activities. This includes defining project objectives, determining the scope of work, developing a project schedule, and allocating resources effectively. The project manager must ensure that all tasks and activities are properly planned, and the project is organized in a structured manner to achieve successful outcomes.
Team Management: Another important responsibility of a project manager is to manage the project team. This involves selecting and assigning team members with appropriate skills and expertise, providing clear instructions and expectations, and establishing effective communication channels. The project manager is responsible for motivating and supporting the team, resolving conflicts, and ensuring collaboration and cooperation among team members to achieve project goals.
2.2.1 Project Network Diagram:
scss
A (8)
|
|
B (5)
| \
| \
C D (6)
|
|
E (3)
/ \
/ \
F G (7)
/ | \
/ | \
H I J (4)
2.2.2 Project Critical Path:
The critical path is the longest sequence of activities that determines the shortest possible duration for the project. It is the path that has no slack or float time. In the given project network diagram, the critical path is:
A - B - D - E - G - J
2.2.3 Expected Project Completion Time:
To calculate the expected project completion time, we need to add up the durations of the activities along the critical path:
8 + 5 + 6 + 3 + 7 + 4 = 33 days
Therefore, the expected project completion time is 33 days.
2.2.4 Table:
Activity Duration (days) Predecessors Early Start Early Finish Late Start Late Finish Slack
A 8 None 0 8 25 33 0
B 5 None 8 13 33 38 25
C 6 A 8 14 33 39 25
D 6 B 13 19 38 44 25
E 3 C 14 17 39 42 25
F 6 E 17 23 42 48 25
G 7 E, D 17 24 42 49 25
H 5 G 24 29 49 54 25
I 2 G 24 26 49 51 25
J 4 G 24 28 49 53 25
Note: The "Early Start" and "Early Finish" times are calculated using forward pass, while the "Late Start" and "Late Finish" times are calculated using backward pass. The Slack column represents the total float time available for each activity.
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What is most nearly the starting balance of an investment account that will contain $1200 at the end of four years with 4.3% interest paid annually? (A) $1010 (B) $1080 (C) $1130 (D) $1150
The most nearly the starting balance of an investment account that will contain $1200 at the end of four years with 4.3% interest paid annually is $1010.
The formula to determine the future value of an investment account with annual interest is given by:
FV = PV(1 + r)n
where
FV = Future value
PV = Present value (starting balance)
r = interest rate
n = number of years
Thus,1200 = PV (1 + 0.043)⁴
Let's simplify the equation:1200 = PV (1.043)⁴
1200 = PV (1.1842235521)
PV = 1200 / 1.1842235521
PV = $1010.08, approximated to $1010.
The most nearly the starting balance of an investment account that will contain $1200 at the end of four years with 4.3% interest paid annually is $1010, as found above.
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Which of the following are ways to overcome the difficulties of planning and goal setting? Check all that apply.
( ) Design the reward system so it benefits those managers who set and achieve appropriate goals.
( ) Make sure goals and plans align across the organization.
( ) Ensure that managers are prepared to change goals and plans as needed.
( ) Give the organization a decentralized, flat structure.
By implementing the strategies, organizations can enhance their planning and goal-setting processes, improve alignment across the organization, and increase the likelihood of achieving desired outcomes.
The three ways to overcome the difficulties of planning and goal-setting processes are:
1. Design the reward system: By aligning the reward system with goal achievement, managers are incentivized to set and work towards appropriate goals. This encourages effective planning and goal setting throughout the organization.
2. Align goals and plans: It is essential to ensure that goals and plans are consistent and aligned across the organization. This helps to avoid conflicts, duplication of efforts, and ensures a coordinated approach towards achieving organizational objectives.
3. Flexibility in changing goals and plans: Recognizing the dynamic nature of the business environment, managers should be prepared to adapt and change goals and plans as needed. This flexibility allows for adjustments in response to changing circumstances, new opportunities, or unforeseen challenges.
[X] Give the organization a decentralized, flat structure is not a way to overcome the difficulties of planning and goal setting. While a decentralized and flat structure may offer benefits such as increased autonomy and faster decision-making, it does not directly address the difficulties of planning and goal setting.
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why would any firm choose to use equity as a primary funding
source?
Firms may choose to use equity as a primary funding source for several reasons. Equity financing offers certain advantages such as access to larger amounts of capital, shared risk with investors, and potential for long-term growth and flexibility.
Equity financing allows firms to raise significant amounts of capital by selling shares of ownership in the company to investors. This can provide a substantial infusion of funds that can be used for various purposes such as expanding operations, research and development, or acquisitions. Additionally, equity financing allows firms to spread the risk among shareholders, as they share in the upsides and downsides of the business. This can provide a sense of security and stability for the firm. Furthermore, by using equity as a funding source, firms can benefit from the potential for long-term growth. Investors who become shareholders have a vested interest in the success of the company and may contribute not just capital but also expertise, networks, and resources to support the firm's growth trajectory.
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When you were a child, what did you want to be when you grew up?
How realistic were your aspirations?
How have you changed based on anticipatory socialization processes?
When I was a child, I wanted to become a doctor when I grew up. My aspirations were realistic and achievable.
When I was a child, I wanted to become a doctor when I grew up. My aspirations were realistic and achievable because I was good at academics and I had the potential to become a doctor. However, as I grew up, I realized that the medical profession was not for me. I found my passion for writing, and I wanted to become a writer. Anticipatory socialization processes have played a significant role in my life as it has helped me to understand the expectations of society, which have influenced my choices and behaviors. Socialization has helped me to become a responsible and productive member of society by imparting the necessary values and beliefs. Thus, I have changed based on anticipatory socialization processes by choosing a career that aligns with my values and beliefs rather than societal expectations.
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A five number summary for the price paid for the last used car bought by a sample of 152San Francisco residents is $3000
$10.000
$15,000
$30,000
$100,000
Note that this is not all of the data in the sample. It is only the five-number summary. The second most expensive car bought by the people in this sample was $50,000 and the third most expensive car cost $46,000. Calculate the interquartile range. Your answer will be in dollars, but do not include the $ sign. Just give the number. Question 34 30 pts A five number summary for the price paid for the last used car bought by a sample of 152 San Francisco residents is $3000
$10,000
$15,000
$30,000
$100,000
Note that this is not all of the data in the sample. It is only the five-number summary. The second most expensive car bought by the people in this sample was $50.000 and the third most expensive car cost $46,000. Draw a box and whisker plot that shows this data and upload your file. You may either draw it by hand and upload a picture or a scan, or you may use a computer and upload the result. (Hint: It will probably be less work to draw it by hand.] Hint: Remember to check for outliers.
The interquartile range for the price paid for the last used car bought by the sample of 152 San Francisco residents is $20,000.
To calculate the interquartile range, we need to determine the values of the first quartile (Q1) and the third quartile (Q3). Minimum: $3,000
Q1: $10,000
Median (Q2): $15,000
Q3: $30,000
Maximum: $100,000
Since the second most expensive car bought was $50,000 (which is between Q2 and Q3), we can consider it as the upper value for Q3.
To find the interquartile range (IQR), we subtract Q1 from Q3:
IQR = Q3 - Q1
= $30,000 - $10,000
= $20,000
Therefore, the interquartile range for the price paid for the last used car bought by the sample of 152 San Francisco residents is $20,000.
1. Draw a number line that spans the range from the minimum value ($3,000) to the maximum value ($100,000).
2. Mark the values of Q1 ($10,000), Q2 ($15,000), and Q3 ($30,000) at their appropriate positions on the number line.
3. Draw a box that spans from Q1 to Q3, representing the interquartile range.
4. Draw a line inside the box at the position of the median (Q2).
5. Draw a line extending from the top of the box (Q3) to the maximum value, and another line extending from the bottom of the box (Q1) to the minimum value.
6. If there are any outliers, mark them as individual data points outside the whiskers.
The box is as follows:
Minimum Q1 Median Q3 Maximum
|-------------|-----------|------------|------------|
|____________________________|
IQR
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Strategic necessity of meritocracy in the selection and
recruitment of human resources into the organization.
The strategic necessity of meritocracy in selecting and recruiting human resources lies in attracting qualified individuals, driving fair competition, fostering excellence, and promoting diversity and inclusion within the organization.
The strategic necessity of meritocracy in the selection and recruitment of human resources lies in its ability to attract and retain the most qualified individuals, promote fair competition, and drive organizational excellence.
Meritocracy ensures that candidates are selected based on their skills, qualifications, and abilities, rather than factors such as personal connections or biases. By prioritizing merit in recruitment, organizations can access a pool of talent that possesses the necessary competencies to contribute effectively to the company's goals and objectives.
Implementing meritocratic practices fosters a culture of fair competition, motivating employees to continually improve their performance and strive for excellence. It promotes a merit-based rewards system where recognition and advancement are based on individual achievements and capabilities. This, in turn, enhances employee engagement, productivity, and overall organizational performance.
Furthermore, meritocracy supports diversity and inclusivity, as it values individuals based on their merits rather than their background or characteristics. By embracing a diverse workforce, organizations can benefit from different perspectives, creativity, and innovation, leading to a more robust and adaptable organization in an increasingly competitive business landscape.
In summary, the strategic necessity of meritocracy in the selection and recruitment of human resources is crucial for attracting top talent, driving fair competition, fostering excellence, and promoting diversity and inclusion within the organization.
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Suppose a firm reduces the price of its good from $10 to $8 and this leads to an increase in quantity demanded from 20 to 23 units.
(a) Compute the price elasticity of demand using the mid-point formula. Explain if demand is elastic or inelastic, and what this means.
[4 marks]
(b) Leaving profit-maximization aside, if the firm wants to maximize its total revenue, should it reduce the price further? Explain.
[3 marks]
(c) Given the above information and your answers to parts (a) and (b), do you think the firm is operating in a perfectly competitive industry or is it a monopolist? Explain
A. The demand is elastic. This means that a 1% decrease in price will lead to a more than 0.794% increase in quantity demanded. The percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price, indicating a relatively responsive demand to price changes.
B. By reducing the price, the increase in quantity demanded will more than offset the decrease in price, resulting in higher total revenue.
C . A monopolist can have an inelastic demand.
(a) To compute the price elasticity of demand using the mid-point formula, we use the following formula:
Price Elasticity of Demand = [(Change in Quantity Demanded / Average Quantity Demanded) / (Change in Price / Average Price)]
Change in Quantity Demanded = 23 - 20 = 3
Average Quantity Demanded = (23 + 20) / 2 = 21.5
Change in Price = $8 - $10 = -$2
Average Price = ($8 + $10) / 2 = $9
Price Elasticity of Demand = [(3 / 21.5) / (-2 / 9)] ≈ -0.794
Since the price elasticity of demand is negative, we take the absolute value to determine the magnitude, which is approximately 0.794.
Interpretation: The demand is elastic. This means that a 1% decrease in price will lead to a more than 0.794% increase in quantity demanded. The percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price, indicating a relatively responsive demand to price changes.
(b) To maximize total revenue, a firm should consider the price elasticity of demand. In this case, since the price elasticity of demand is elastic (greater than 1 in absolute value), the firm should reduce the price further to increase total revenue. By reducing the price, the increase in quantity demanded will more than offset the decrease in price, resulting in higher total revenue.
(c) Based on the information provided, we cannot determine whether the firm is operating in a perfectly competitive industry or is a monopolist. The price elasticity of demand does not provide information about market structure. It only tells us the responsiveness of quantity demanded to price changes. A firm can operate in a perfectly competitive industry and still have an elastic demand. Similarly, a monopolist can have an inelastic demand.
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Consider the following data, containing the quantities produced of final goods and the respective prices for an economy. Using the data below, fill up all the empty cells. Use 2 decimals in your calculations.
2019 2020 2019 2020 % Chg
Quantity of oranges 300 270 -10.00
Quantity of electric vehicles 6 18 200
Price of oranges 2 3 50
Price of electric vehicles 250 220 -12 Nominal GDP Constant-price GDP in 2019 prices
Constant-price GDP in 2020 prices
Chain-weighted real GDP (benchmark 2020)
Show your calculations and answer the questions below.
The chain-weighted real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the benchmark year 2020 is 950400.
Gross Domestic Product measures the economic output and activity within a country's borders, reflecting its overall economic health. To calculate the nominal GDP for each year, we multiply the quantity of each good by its respective price and sum the values.
Nominal GDP in 2019 = (Quantity of oranges in 2019 * Price of oranges in 2019) + (Quantity of electric vehicles in 2019 * Price of electric vehicles in 2019)
= (300 * 2) + (6 * 250)
= 600 + 1500 = 2100
Nominal GDP in 2020 = (Quantity of oranges in 2020 * Price of oranges in 2020) + (Quantity of electric vehicles in 2020 * Price of electric vehicles in 2020)
= (270 * 3) + (18 * 220)
= 810 + 3960 = 4770
To calculate the constant-price GDP in 2019 and 2020, we use the quantity of each good produced in those years and multiply them by the price of the base year (2019) for each good.
Constant-price GDP in 2019 = (Quantity of oranges in 2019 * Price of oranges in 2019) + (Quantity of electric vehicles in 2019 * Price of electric vehicles in 2019)
= (300 * 2) + (6 * 250)
= 600 + 1500
= 2100
Constant-price GDP in 2020 = (Quantity of oranges in 2020 * Price of oranges in 2019) + (Quantity of electric vehicles in 2020 * Price of electric vehicles in 2019)
= (270 * 2) + (18 * 250)
= 540 + 4500
= 5040
To calculate the chain-weighted real GDP, we use the growth rates to adjust the constant-price GDP from the base year to the subsequent year.
Chain-weighted real GDP in 2020 = (Constant-price GDP in 2019) * (1 + growth rate in 2019-2020) * (Constant-price GDP in 2020)
= 2100 * (1 + (-10.00/100)) * 5040
= 2100 * 0.9 * 5040
= 950400
Therefore, the chain-weighted real GDP for the benchmark year 2020 is 950400.
The calculations above take into account the quantities produced and prices for oranges and electric vehicles in both years, as well as the growth rates provided.
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upporting Teams You are a manager at a large public relations firm. You have forty employees to manage and there are groups of employees who do similar functions and have similar qualities. You determine that it would be more efficient if these employees were in teams. What arguments do you present to your boss in support of teams?
When presenting the argument in support of teams to your boss, you can highlight the following benefits: Collaboration, Specialization and Efficiency, Enhanced Communication, Increased Motivation and Engagement.
1. Collaboration: By organizing employees into teams, you foster a collaborative work environment. Teams encourage members to share ideas, knowledge, and skills, leading to better problem-solving and innovation. Collaborative teamwork enhances efficiency and productivity by leveraging the collective expertise and strengths of the team members.
2. Specialization and Efficiency: Grouping employees with similar functions and qualities into teams allows them to specialize and focus on specific tasks. This specialization enhances efficiency as team members can develop expertise in their respective areas, leading to increased speed and quality of work. By leveraging individual strengths, teams can optimize processes and achieve higher levels of productivity.
3. Enhanced Communication: Teams facilitate effective communication among members. Regular team meetings, brainstorming sessions, and ongoing collaboration enable open discussions, exchange of ideas, and clarification of goals and expectations. This leads to improved understanding, alignment, and synergy within the team, minimizing misunderstandings and enhancing overall performance.
4. Increased Motivation and Engagement: Working in teams can boost employee motivation and engagement. Team members often experience a sense of belonging and camaraderie, which fosters a positive work environment. Collaboration and support from teammates can provide encouragement, challenge individuals to perform at their best, and contribute to a sense of fulfillment and job satisfaction.
By presenting these arguments, you can demonstrate how organizing employees into teams can improve collaboration, efficiency, communication, motivation, adaptability, and overall performance within the public relations firm.
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The exercise (or business function) of getting the products that are needed to have the final product available to a market is known as ("FB) type your answer...
The exercise or business function of getting the products that are needed to have the final product available to a market is known as "supply chain management" (SCM).
Supply chain management encompasses the coordination and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, production, and logistics to ensure the timely delivery of products or services to the market.
It involves the integration of various processes, including inventory management, transportation, warehousing, and demand forecasting, to optimize efficiency and meet customer demands.
In supply chain management, the focus is on streamlining the flow of materials, information, and funds across the entire supply chain, from suppliers to manufacturers to distributors and ultimately to the end customers.
It involves strategic decision-making, collaboration with suppliers and partners, and the implementation of effective systems and technologies to ensure smooth operations and maximize customer satisfaction.
In summary, the exercise or business function of getting the products needed for the final product to the market is known as supply chain management. It encompasses the coordination and management of various processes, activities, and stakeholders involved in the flow of goods and services from suppliers to customers.
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: If a company becomes less risky, the rate of return investors require will likely... Select one: A. Rise B. Fall C. Remain unchanged D. Not enough information to tell
If a company becomes less risky, the rate of return investors require will likely fall. The correct answer is option B.
When a company's risk decreases, investors perceive it as a safer investment. As a result, they become more willing to accept a lower rate of return for holding the stock or investing in the company.
This is because the lower risk reduces the potential for losses or negative surprises, which in turn decreases the compensation investors demand for taking on the investment risk.
Investors' required rate of return is influenced by various factors, including the company's financial stability, industry conditions, market volatility, and macroeconomic factors. As these risk factors decrease, investors are more comfortable with lower returns, leading to a decrease in the required rate of return.
In summary, when a company becomes less risky, the rate of return investors require will likely fall as they are willing to accept a lower compensation for the reduced investment risk. Hence, Option B is correct.
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A broadcasting corporation purchased an equipment for P53,000 and paid P1,500 for freight and
delivery charges to the job site. The equipment has a normal life of 10 years with a trade-in value
of P5,000 against the purchase of a new equipment at the end of the life.
a) Determine the annual depreciation cost by the DBM
b) Determine the book value at the end of 5 years by DBM.
The book value at the end of 5 years by the dbm is p17,367.
a) annual depreciation cost by the double-declining balance method (dbm):
step 1: calculate the straight-line depreciation ratestraight-line depreciation rate = 1 / useful life
straight-line depreciation rate = 1 / 10 years = 0.1 or 10%
step 2: determine the dbm depreciation ratedbm depreciation rate = straight-line depreciation rate x 2
dbm depreciation rate = 10% x 2 = 20%
step 3: calculate the annual depreciation costannual depreciation cost = book value at the beginning of the year x dbm depreciation rate
year 1: p53,000 x 20% = p10,600year 2: (p53,000 - p10,600) x 20% = p8,480
year 3: (p53,000 - p10,600 - p8,480) x 20% = p6,784and so on...
b) book value at the end of 5 years by dbm:
the book value at the end of each year can be calculated by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the original cost.
year 1: p53,000 - p10,600 = p42,400year 2: p42,400 - p8,480 = p33,920
year 3: p33,920 - p6,784 = p27,136year 4: p27,136 - p5,427.20 = p21,708.80
year 5: p21,708.80 - p4,341.76 = p17,367.04 04.
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What do you think about the proposition that extrinsic motivation lowers intrinsic motivation? Do you have similar experience? 5. Do you have any experience with goal setting leading to unethical behaviors? 6. How is KITA different from motivation? 7. Based on Herzberg's HBR article, how would you enrich your past or current job? 8. What would be the main take-away of Kerr (1978)? Do you have your own example?
5. When external rewards or incentives undercut people's feeling of autonomy, competence, or enjoyment of the activity, intrinsic motivation may be temporarily reduced. This behaviour is referred to as the "overjustification effect." While I, as an AI, do not have any personal experiences, research has documented occasions where persons engaged in unethical behaviour in order to obtain external goals or benefits.
KITA (Kick in the pants) differs from motivation in that it depends on outside pressures or forces to compel behaviour, frequently through fear, punishment, or external rewards. Motivation, on the other hand, derives from inner wants, aspirations, and personal fulfilment. While motivation is a long-term, inner drive, KITA is a short-term, externally driven method. According to Herzberg's HBR article, job enrichment entail sim proving aspects that foster intrinsic motivation, such as presenting chances for skill improvement, acknowledgment, autonomy, and meaningful work. By taking on increasingly difficult responsibilities, taking part in cross-functional projects, and receiving regular feedback and possibilities for progress, I could personally improve my job.
The primary lesson to be learned from Kerr's article on the "Folly of Rewarding A While Hoping for B" from 1978 is that incentive systems must be in line with the desired behaviours and outcomes. Employees may only focus on accomplishing the rewarded behaviour rather than reaching the desired overall goals if organisations reward one behaviour (A) while expecting another behaviour (B). An illustration would be a sales staff that only received compensation based on the volume of sales they generated, which caused them to value quantity over quality.
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an Executive Introduction, Background Context about what is
D&I and why its important, Research Learning, Relevance to the
business and how your plan will improve the business, your detailed
actio
An executive introduction is a short description of what a report is about and why it is necessary. The background context of diversity and inclusion (D&I) and why it is important is as follows:Diversity and inclusion refer to the strategies and practices that allow a company to recruit, hire, and maintain a diverse workforce.
Provide training and education to raise awareness about the importance of D&I. Create a mentoring program for diverse employees to promote career development and advancement. Implement a diverse hiring strategy that targets underrepresented groups. Develop a process for evaluating and mitigating unconscious bias. Evaluate and revise HR policies and practices to remove any potential barriers to diversity and inclusion in the workplace.Communicate your D&I program and progress to all employees and stakeholders regularly.
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Assume the employee selection process used by Ritz Carlton resulted in less than 25% of the newly hired workers being successful job performers. This would indicate that the selection procedures were probably not valid. very reliable and strongly valid. too easy. highly appropriate. very reliable. Job analysis and design in a manufacturing enterprise is closely related to social psychology. industrial engineering. cost accounting. business modeling. product market research. A company may be guilty of discrimination as a result of an unintentional innocent act. true false
Regarding the statement that a company may be guilty of discrimination as a result of an unintentional innocent act, this statement is true.
Assuming the employee selection process used by Ritz Carlton resulted in less than 25% of the newly hired workers being successful job performers, this would indicate that the selection procedures were probably not valid. It suggests that the process used to assess and select candidates did not effectively predict their ability to perform well in the job. Validity refers to the degree to which a selection method accurately measures the qualities or skills it intends to measure. In this case, the low success rate of job performers indicates that the selection process did not effectively identify individuals who were suitable for the job.
Job analysis and design in a manufacturing enterprise are closely related to industrial engineering. Job analysis involves examining the tasks, responsibilities, and requirements of a job, while job design focuses on structuring and organizing those tasks to optimize performance and efficiency. Industrial engineering is a field that deals with designing and optimizing processes, systems, and resources within a manufacturing environment. It encompasses various aspects of job analysis and design to improve productivity and effectiveness.
Regarding the statement that a company may be guilty of discrimination as a result of an unintentional innocent act, this statement is true. Discrimination can occur both intentionally and unintentionally. Even if an act is innocent or unintentional, it can still result in discriminatory outcomes or adverse impact on certain individuals or groups. It is important for organizations to have policies and practices in place to prevent unintentional discrimination and promote fairness and equal opportunities for all employees.
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The cross-price elasticity of demand of widgets with respect to the price of gadgets is 0.84. Which of the following statements is then true? a. Widgets and gadgets are substitutes. b. Either widgets or gadgets, but not both, is an inferior good. c. Widgets violates the law of demand. d. Either widgets or gadgets, but not both, is a normal good. e. Widgets and gadgets are complements.
The correct statement based on the given cross-price elasticity of demand of widgets with respect to the price of gadgets being 0.84 is that widgets and gadgets are substitutes (option a is true).
A positive cross-price elasticity of demand indicates that the two goods are substitutes. When the price of gadgets increases, the demand for widgets also increases, suggesting that consumers view widgets as a viable alternative to gadgets.
This implies that the goods serve similar purposes or have similar functionalities, allowing consumers to switch between them based on price.
None of the other statements (b, c, d, e) can be concluded from the given cross-price elasticity. The cross-price elasticity does not provide information about inferior goods, the violation of the law of demand, or whether widgets or gadgets are normal goods. These concepts require additional information to determine.
In summary, the cross-price elasticity of 0.84 indicates that widgets and gadgets are substitutes, meaning that an increase in the price of gadgets leads to an increase in the demand for widgets
Therefore the right option is (a) Widgets and gadgets are substitutes.
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IAMS is launching a new product, a new type of pet food. Recently it invested $25,000 to install a new machine to manufacture the new product. Each month IAMS manufactures 1000 units of the new product and distributes to 25 retailers. The raw material and the packaging material for each unit of the new product costs $50 and shipping and distribution cost for each unit is $10.
IAMS has to run a salesman incentive scheme that costs $5 per unit sold. At what price should IAMS sell the product to get a unit contribution of $50?
Multiple Choice
None of the above
$135
$150
$115
$100
To achieve a unit contribution of $50, IAMS should sell the new product at a price of $135.
The unit contribution is the amount remaining after deducting all the variable costs associated with producing and selling a product. In this case, we need to determine the selling price that allows for a unit contribution of $50.
The variable costs per unit consist of the cost of raw materials and packaging ($50), shipping and distribution ($10), and the salesman incentive scheme ($5). Therefore, the total variable cost per unit is $50 + $10 + $5 = $65.
To achieve a unit contribution of $50, the selling price per unit should be equal to the total variable cost per unit plus the desired unit contribution. So, the selling price per unit should be $65 + $50 = $115.
However, it's important to note that the problem statement mentions that IAMS manufactures 1000 units of the new product each month and distributes them to 25 retailers. It doesn't specify how many units are sold. If the units sold are less than 1000, the selling price should be adjusted accordingly to cover the fixed costs and earn the desired unit contribution. Given the information provided, the closest option is $135 as the selling price to achieve a unit contribution of $50.
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Problems. Create all journal entries in General Journal format. 1. (10 points) Whis-Key Company records purchases of inventory at invoice cost at the time of purchase: Debit Invento
Here are the journal entries for Whis-Key Company:
a. Purchased inventory with an invoice value of $17,200. Credit terms are 2/10, net/30.
b. After consultation with the seller, they reduced the invoice amount by $3,025 for items that were damaged in shipment.
c. On the last day of the discount period, they paid the remaining balance, taking advantage of the discount.
The Journal Entriesa. Purchased inventory with an invoice value of $17,200. Credit terms are 2/10, net/30.
General Journal
Date Account Debit Credit Description
2023-06-01 Inventory $17,200 Accounts Payable Purchased inventory with an invoice value of $17,200. Credit terms are 2/10, net/30.
b. After consultation with the seller, they reduced the invoice amount by $3,025 for items that were damaged in shipment.
General Journal
Date Account Debit Credit Description
2023-06-05 Accounts Payable $3,025 Inventory The invoice amount was reduced by $3,025 for items that were damaged in shipment.
c. On the last day of the discount period, they paid the remaining balance, taking advantage of the discount.
General Journal
Date Account Debit Credit Description
2023-06-10 Accounts Payable $14,175 Cash Paid the remaining balance on the invoice, taking advantage of the 2% discount.
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The Complete Question
Problems. Create All Journal Entries In General Journal Format. 1. (10 Points) Whis-Key Company Records Purchases Of Inventory At Invoice Cost At The Time Of Purchase: Debit Inventory And Credit Accounts Payable. When They Take Advantage Of Discount Terms, They Credit Inventory At The Time Of Payment. Using The “P 1” Tab In The Spreadsheet, Create Journal
Problems. Create all journal entries in General Journal format.
1. (10 points) Whis-Key Company records purchases of inventory at invoice cost at the time of purchase: Debit Inventory and credit Accounts Payable. When they take advantage of discount terms, they credit Inventory at the time of payment. Using the “P 1” tab in the spreadsheet, create journal entries to record each of the following events:
a. Purchased inventory with an invoice value of $17,200. Credit terms are 2/10, net/30.
b. After consultation with the seller, they reduced the invoice amount by $3,025 for items that were damaged in shipment.
c. On the last day of the discount period, they paid the remaining balance, taking advantage of the discount.
Derek currently has $10,462.00 in an account that pays 6.00%. He will withdraw $5,561.00 every other year beginning next year until he has taken 4.00 withdrawals. He will deposit $10462.0 every other year beginning two years from today until he has made 4.0 deposits. How much will be in the account 22.00 years from today?
To determine the amount in Derek's account 22 years from today, we need to calculate the future value of the deposits and the future value of the withdrawals separately.
Future Value of Deposits:
Derek will make 4 deposits of $10,462.00 every other year, beginning two years from today. Since each deposit is made every two years, the number of deposit periods is 4/2 = 2 years.
Using the future value of an annuity formula:
Future Value of Withdrawals:
Derek will make 4 withdrawals of $5,561.00 every other year, beginning next year. Since each withdrawal is made every two years, the number of withdrawal periods is 4/2 = 2 years.
To calculate the amount in Derek's account 22 years from today, we subtract the future value of the withdrawals from the future value of the deposits:
Amount in Account = Future Value of Deposits - Future Value of Withdrawals
Calculating these values will give us the amount in Derek's account 22 years from today.
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To install new programs, the Ubuntu ____ ______ in the dock is a
good place to start.
The Ubuntu Software icon in the dock provides a user-friendly starting point for discovering and installing new programs in Ubuntu Linux.
To install new programs, the Ubuntu Software icon in the dock is a good place to start. The Ubuntu Software Center, now known as "Ubuntu Software," is a graphical interface in Ubuntu Linux that provides a convenient way to search, browse, and install software applications. Located in the dock, the Ubuntu Software icon typically resembles an orange shopping bag with an "A" symbol on it.
Once inside Ubuntu Software, users can search for specific applications using keywords or browse through categories to discover new software. Each application listing includes a description, user ratings, screenshots, and reviews to help users make informed decisions. To install a program, users can simply click on the desired application, review its details, and select the "Install" button.
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Yves Rocher is a French skin care, cosmetics and perfume company. The company is present with over 3,000 stores, about half of them franchised, in 88 countries on five continents and employs 13,500 personnel. They decided to launch their own beauty salon in France. This is an example of: Select one: a. Market penetration b. Market development c. Product development d. Diversification
Yves Rocher launching their own beauty salon in France is an example of diversification. The launch of the beauty salon represents a new business venture for Yves Rocher, making it an example of diversification.
Diversification is a strategic growth option where a company enters a new market with a new product or service that is different from its existing offerings. In this case, Yves Rocher, a company known for its skincare, cosmetics, and perfume products, is expanding into the beauty salon industry. By offering salon services, they are entering a new market and diversifying their business portfolio.
This move allows them to tap into a different customer segment and leverage their brand reputation and expertise in the beauty industry to offer a comprehensive range of beauty services.
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Boston Dallas 2 Produced At Los Angel St. Paul 30 Denver 7 11 8 13 3 Denver Atlanta 20 17 12 10 4 Atlanta 0 16 70 8 18 Chicago 5 Chicago 13 6 4240 7 Max Profit (5) 8Constraints Slack/Surplus 9 Denver Capacity 10 90 10 Atlanto Capacity 100 0 11 Chicago Capacity 150 0 12 Boston Demond 50 0 70 0 13 Dallas Demand 14 Los Angeles Demand 15 60 0 St. Paul Demand 80 0 According to the optimal solution above for Chapter 10 #8 example Dallas will get units from which city(ies)? O Chicago Only O Atlanta Only O Denver O Atlanta and Chicago Boston LHS 0 50 Dallas 0 30 20 D Shipped to C € Los Angeles St. Paul 0 RHS 0 UBUN--. 8888888 60 100 100 150 Profit
According to the optimal solution provided, Dallas will receive units from Atlanta and Chicago.
In the given example, the values indicate the flow of units between different cities. The positive values represent units being shipped from one city to another, while the negative values represent the demand or consumption of units by a particular city.
Looking at the table, we can see that Dallas has a demand of 30 units. Atlanta has a surplus of 20 units, which means it can supply some of its excess units to Dallas. Additionally, Chicago has a surplus of 13 units, which can also be shipped to Dallas to meet its demand. Therefore, units will be sourced from both Atlanta and Chicago to fulfill Dallas's demand.
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You are a venture capitalist, looking to invest 5M into a start up company.
You choose: Future of Beauty; Specialized shampoo.
Function in Beauty uses machine algorithms to make personalized shampoo for each customer based on their hair type.
The Three Generic Strategies:
The first tatic is to zero in on a relatively small segment of the market, the second is to produce a one of a kind good or service, ans the third is to establish an obstacle for new competitors to overcome.
Question: Explain how the Three Generic Strategies is or is not applicable.
The three generic strategies are cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. These strategies are essential in formulating a business strategy and aim to create a unique position for a company, differentiating it from competitors.
In the case of Function in Beauty, a start-up that utilizes machine algorithms to produce custom shampoos based on individual hair types, the primary approach they appear to be employing is differentiation. By leveraging machine algorithms, Function in Beauty creates a distinctive product that is tailored to each customer's specific hair type. This uniqueness sets them apart from competitors in the market.
Additionally, Function in Beauty could also utilize the focus strategy as a generic approach. They can concentrate on a small, niche segment of the market that may be less competitive, allowing them to gain a competitive advantage. This strategy could be effective for the company as it enables them to build strong customer relationships through continuous feedback from their clients.
However, Function in Beauty does not seem to employ the cost leadership strategy. There is no clear indication of how they plan to achieve a cost advantage over their competitors. Therefore, the cost leadership strategy does not apply to Function in Beauty.
In summary, the two generic strategies applicable to Function in Beauty are differentiation and focus. They differentiate themselves by providing customized shampoos through machine algorithms, and they can focus on a specific market segment to gain a competitive edge.
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We learnt from other reliable sources that Frank's preference is strictly convex. Frank consumes two goods, 1 and 2. When the prices are (p 1
,p 2
)=(10,10), Frank's chooses x=(x 1
,x 2
)=(2,3). What can we learn? (a) (2,3)R D
(3,2.5). (b) (2,3)R D
(2.5,2.5). (c) (2.5,2.5)R D
(2,3). (d) All above are wrong.
A consumer’s preference is said to be strictly convex if all the indifference curves have a bent towards the origin as the amount of the goods increases.
The given information that Frank’s preference is strictly convex means that his indifference curves are convex to the origin.
It is said that if a consumer’s preferences are strictly convex, then they will prefer the combinations of goods which are at the highest possible indifference curve they can reach while being on their budget constraint.
The budget constraint is the line which indicates the total amount of money which a consumer has to spend and how they will spend it to purchase the two goods.
The budget line has an equation of:
p1x1 + p2x2 = m
where p1 and p2 are the prices of the goods, x1 and x2 are the quantities of goods 1 and 2 that are purchased, and m is the total amount of money that the consumer has to spend.
When the prices are (p1,p2)=(10,10),
Frank's chooses x=(x1,x2)
=(2,3).
We can learn from this information that Frank is spending all of his money (m) on the goods since the budget line has a slope of -1 and Frank is on the line.
Now, to check which of the given options are correct, we need to draw the indifference curves. Since Frank's preference is strictly convex, the indifference curves will be convex to the origin.
Graph of Frank's Preferences
We can see that the point (2,3) is on indifference curve I2. Now, we need to check which of the given options has (2,3) on the same indifference curve.
We can see that option (c) has (2.5,2.5) on indifference curve I2, but (2,3) is not on indifference curve I2. Therefore, option (c) is incorrect.
Option (a) has (2,3) on indifference curve I2 and (3,2.5) on indifference curve I3. Since Frank's preferences are strictly convex, we know that any point which is inside the area formed by I2 and I3 will be on an indifference curve which is at a higher level than I2.
Therefore, (2,3)RD (3,2.5) is correct.
Option (b) has (2,3) on indifference curve I2 and (2.5,2.5) on the kink point of indifference curve I3. Since Frank's preferences are strictly convex, we know that any point which is inside the area formed by I2 and I3 will be on an indifference curve which is at a higher level than I2. Therefore, (2,3)RD (2.5,2.5) is also correct.
Therefore, options (a) and (b) are correct,
(a) (2,3)RD (3,2.5).
(b) (2,3)RD (2.5,2.5).
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The appropriate discount rate for a firm is: Select one: a. its
opportunity cost of capital. b. its depreciation rate. c. the prime
rate. d. the bank rate
The appropriate discount rate for a firm is its opportunity cost of capital. The opportunity cost of capital represents the return that could be earned from alternative investments with similar risk profiles.
It reflects the expected rate of return that investors would require to invest their capital in the firm rather than pursuing other investment opportunities. The discount rate is used to determine the present value of future cash flows, taking into account the time value of money and the risk associated with those cash flows. The depreciation rate refers to the rate at which an asset loses value over time and is not directly related to determining the appropriate discount rate for a firm. The prime rate and the bank rate are interest rates set by banks and financial institutions, which may influence borrowing costs but are not necessarily indicative of a firm's specific discount rate.
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