J.J. Thomson discovered electrons and their negative charge through the cathode ray experiment, leading to the development of the plum pudding model of the atom.
J.J. Thomson, a British physicist, was the first to discover electrons in 1897.
He conducted the cathode ray experiment to identify the negatively charged particles.
The cathode ray tube is a vacuum-sealed glass tube with two electrodes at each end: a cathode and an anode.
When a high voltage electrical current is applied to the electrodes, the tube glows, indicating that the cathode rays are being emitted from the cathode and traveling through the tube towards the anode.
The cathode rays were found to have a negative charge, according to Thomson.
These rays were identified as particles by the presence of a magnet, which caused the particles to bend in the direction opposite to the magnet's polarity.
This discovery indicated that the particles had a charge on them because they were deflected by the magnetic field, which is only possible if the particles have an electric charge.
Thomson further concluded that these particles were about 1,000 times smaller than hydrogen atoms because of the degree of deflection they experienced in the magnetic field.
Furthermore, Thomson created the plum pudding model of an atom, in which electrons are dispersed throughout a positively charged matrix, based on his findings.
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10. When dissolved in water, most Group 1 metal salts can be described as
strong electrolytes.
strong acids.
weak electrolytes.
A
B
C
D
non-electrolytes.
(1)
When dissolved in water, most Group 1 metal salts can be described as strong electrolytes.
When Group 1 metal salts are dissolved in water, they can be described as strong electrolytes. This is because Group 1 metals, such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and so on, readily lose their outermost valence electron to form positive ions (cations). These cations then dissociate completely in water, separating from the anions to which they were originally bonded.
The dissociation of Group 1 metal salts in water results in the formation of positively charged metal ions and negatively charged non-metal ions (anions). These ions are free to move and conduct electric current, making the solution a good conductor of electricity. The complete dissociation of Group 1 metal salts in water and the presence of freely moving ions make them strong electrolytes.
Strong electrolytes are substances that ionize completely or almost completely in solution, producing a high concentration of ions. This is in contrast to weak electrolytes, which only partially ionize and produce a lower concentration of ions.
In summary, when Group 1 metal salts are dissolved in water, they form strong electrolytes due to their ability to dissociate completely into ions, leading to a high concentration of freely moving ions in the solution, thus enabling efficient electrical conductivity.
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