Article III of the Constitution deals with the Judicial Branch and focuses solely on the Supreme Court. Because Article III did not specify how the court system would be established, the First Congress enacted the Judiciary Act of 1789 to create the federal judiciary.
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established a federal court system distinct from state courts.It was one of the First Congress's first acts.President George Washington signed it into law on September 24, 1789.The First Congress decided in the Judiciary Act of 1789 that:
Congress has the authority to limit the jurisdiction of all federal courts.The federal district and circuit courts would have limited jurisdiction.The Supreme Court would have the original jurisdiction that the Constitution provides for.The Supreme Court would hear appeals from federal circuit courts, as well as cases, heard in state courts.To learn more about Judicial Branch, please refer:
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What is the final stage in law making?.
The final stage in the lawmaking process is that it goes to the Senate for consideration or approval.
What is the US Senate?
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber, making up The United States' national bicameral legislature system. The Senate is made up of senators, who each fully represent a single state. There are 100 senators in total, with two senators from each of the 50 states serving staggered six-year terms. Due to its longer terms, smaller size, and statewide constituency, the Senate is often seen as a more deliberative and prestigious body than the House of Representatives. These factors have historically resulted in a more collaborative and less contentious environment.
The final stage in the lawmaking process is that it goes to the Senate for consideration or approval.
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offenses against morality involving a willing and private exchange of goods and services that are illegal but in strong demand are called crimes. examples, prostitution, gambling, drugs
Victimless crime refers to transgressions of morality including the willing and private exchange of highly desired but forbidden goods and services.
What kind of crime qualifies as being victimless?According to the sociologist Schur, victimless crimes are those in which willing participants exchange goods or services without causing overt harm to anyone who is not consenting to the act.
Drug abuse, public intoxication, prostitution, vagrancy, and some voluntary sexual behavior are examples of victimless crimes. Over one- third oof all arrests in 1975 were for victimless crimes. There is a breakdown of that category along with the total number of arrests made for each crime.
Why are victimless crimes seen as victimless?A victimless crime is an action that has been deemed unlawful by the government notwithstanding the absence of a victim. A victimless crime is an act carried out by one or more consenting parties that has no negative effects on other individuals or violates their rights.
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the game that oligopolists play in trying to reach the oligopoly outcome is similar to the game that the two prisoners play in the prisoners' dilemma.
This statement is true.
In a market with a small number of sellers, known as an oligopoly, each seller's decisions have an impact on the outcomes of the other sellers.
Although there isn't a single theory to explain oligopoly, economists will occasionally employ a model known as the prisoner's dilemma to explain how oligopolistic market outcomes arise.
The prisoner's dilemma is a "game" that illustrates the advantages and dangers of cross-pollination among oligopolistic businesses.
A Nash equilibrium results from a prisoner's dilemma, where each player performs the best they can given what the other players are doing.
Oligopolist businesses frequently face the prisoners' dilemma, where they must choose between engaging in aggressive market-capture competition at the detriment of their rivals or engaging in "cooperation" and coexisting with the rival with the market share they already control.
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How much jail time do you get for a DUI in Florida?.
10 days to nine months is the jail time for a DUI in Florida.
A prison, additionally known as a jail, gaol, jail, penitentiary, correction middle, correctional facility, lock-up, hoosegow or remand center, is a facility wherein inmates are constrained in opposition to their will and generally denied a variety of freedoms below the authority of the kingdom as punishment for numerous crimes
An area of confinement for people held in lawful custody. specifically : such a place under the jurisdiction of a neighborhood government (along with a county) for the confinement of people waiting for trial or the ones convicted of sweet sixteen crimes examine prison. : confinement in a jail.
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What are three duties of House of Representatives ?.
The most important duties of the House of Representatives are making laws and scrutinizing the work of the Government.
House also has exclusive powers: it initiates all revenue bills, impeaches federal officers, and elects the president if no candidate receives a majority of votes in the Electoral College.
The main task of the Senate is considering bills approved by the House of Representatives. The Senate makes only limited use of its right to scrutinize the work of the Government. Both chambers together constitute the States-General (the Parliament).
As per the Constitution, the U.S. House of Representatives makes and passes federal laws. The number of voting representatives in the House is fixed by law at no more than 435, proportionally representing the population of the 50 states.
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What type of cases do courts of general jurisdiction decide ?.
Which criteria does the court use to decide whether to hear a case?.
The criteria used by the courts to determine the importance of a case are
the case is relevant/timely the issue is not moot parties have standing, or a stake, in the outcome.What is a court case?Generally, In the broadest sense, a legal case may be understood as a disagreement between opposing parties that are brought before a court or another analogous legal procedure in order to be settled.
A legal dispute will often revolve around either civil law or criminal law as its foundation. In the vast majority of cases brought before a court, there will be one or more people bringing charges against the defendant(s).
the court, also known as a court of law, is a person or set of individuals with judicial jurisdiction to hear and decide disputes in civil, criminal, ecclesiastical, or military cases. Courts hear and decide cases in all types of legal matters.
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What is the relationship between the president and the press ?.
Because it serves as the president's primary conduit for communicating with the public and because the president relies heavily on the press for guidance in shaping public opinion, the press is very significant to him.
In his speech, President Kennedy expresses his displeasure with how the Bay of Pigs episode was covered by the media, arguing that "much greater public information" and "far greater government secrecy" are required. White House Audio Recordings, 1961-1963 is the name of the series. The freedom of the press is a fundamental democratic ideal and a fundamental right in the United States. A free press, which is safeguarded by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, aids in preserving the balance of power in politics. According to the First Amendment, Congress is not allowed to pass laws that would establish a particular religion or forbid its practice, restrict press or speech freedom, or restrict the right of the public to peacefully assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances.
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What do local governments use property taxes for?.
The local government collects property taxes and uses it for the need and development of the society and for the people of the society.
What are property taxes?It is a tax levied on "real property" such asland and buildings, both residential and commercial or personal property office equipment, fixtures, and non-commercial motor vehiclesA property tax is a tax levied on the property of an individual or other legal entity . Most commonly, property tax is a property ad valorem tax and can be considered a regressive tax. This is charged by the local authority where the property is located and paid by the property owner. Taxes are usually based on the value of assets, including land. However, many jurisdictions also tax tangible personal property such as cars and boats.Local governments use assessed taxes to fund water and sanitation improvements and provide law enforcement, fire protection, education, road and highway construction, libraries, and other services that benefit communities. Offers.to know more about property tax refer to
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What is the difference between command and capitalist economy?.
The main difference between Capitalism and Command economy is that capitalism modulated private enterprises where businesses are owned by private individuals while command economies have public enterprises where the govt monitors things including businesses and production.
What is Capitalism?
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their functions for profit. Central features, of capitalism, include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, private property, property rights recognition, voluntary exchange, and wage labour.
What is production?
The procedure of making products from raw products, but production also has economic value because it is creating a result which has a value and will propitiate human wants and needs is called production.
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What is the purpose of the play within a play in Act 3?.
Act II, scene ii. within the castle, Claudius and Gertrude welcome Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, of Hamlet's pals from Wittenberg.
Summary and Analysis Act II: Scene 2. The King and Queen input with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and others. King Claudius has summoned Hamlet's school chums to Elsinore to have them spy at the Prince and document back to Claudius, recounting Hamlet's every flow.
Voltemand tells Claudius that the King of Norway has put a forestall to Prince Fortinbras' threats, and Fortinbras has vowed no longer to attack Denmark. Polonius then tells Gertrude and Claudius that he thinks Hamlet's conduct is because of his feelings for Ophelia.
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How many Senate votes does it take to put a bill on hold ?.
The US Senate may, in accordance with the cloture rule (Rule XXII), limit discussion of a pending matter to 30 extra hours, but only with the approval of three-fifths of the full Senate, often 60 votes. Bill may be placed in the president's "pocket" for ten days. A Pocket veto applies if Congress is not in session.
A hold is a parliamentary maneuver available to senators in the US Senate under the Standing Rules of the US Senate that enables one or more senators to stop a motion from coming up for a vote on the Senate floor. A two-thirds majority in the House and Senate is required for Congress to pass legislation to override a veto.
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What led to the creation of the second party system ?.
Three brittle led contributed to the creation of the second party system. The first was the financial terror of 1819 and the subsequent depression. The panic consequence in significant political differences over such objects as debt relief, banking and monetary policy, and tariffs.
What is Monetary policy?
Monetary policy assigns to the steps taken by a country’s central bank to curb the money supply for economic stagnation.
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which one of the following terms describes a situation in which the issues that divide the political parties change in a way that cuts across existing political coalitions?
A realignment is when the issues that separate the political parties shift in a way that undermines the existing political coalition.
What does political realignment entail?Contrary to dealignment, realignment refers to the shifting of voter preference from one party to another (where a voter group abandons a party to become independent or nonvoting).
In the US, a party realignment occurs when one political party no longer controls a majority of the government and is replaced by another. During party realignments, some demographic groups who formerly supported one party switch their allegiance. Political parties can dissolve and be replaced on occasion.
What factors lead to changes in party alignment?Realignment of Parties
Experience prior to regression.Republican Focus ShiftElections.Congressional Interests.Historical Trajectory.A Lost Generation.Legislation That Promotes Segregation And The NAACP's AscendancyThe Great Migration and World War One.Learn more about party realignment: https://brainly.com/question/10656453
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When a court has set a precedent What does this mean for other courts?.
The principle of stare decisis, which incorporates precedent, calls on other courts to apply the law consistently to situations involving the same circumstances.
Whenever a case has the same or similar facts, or the same legal issues, a court decision known as precedent is used as guidance. The common law rule of stare decisis states that courts must abide by precedents established by other courts. Courts are required to follow some precedents under stare decisis, but not others. It might be challenging to determine which rulings apply to a particular court because of the complex layers of our federal structure.
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What is the FITT principle define each 4 elements?.
You might find it simpler to recall the essential components of a fitness program if you use the acronym FITT (frequent, intensity, period, and type). It's critical to remember that each family member will have unique fitness objectives depending on their age, sex, degree of fitness, and accessible resources.
It can be very challenging to tell the difference between fad diets and reliable fitness guidance. Late-night infomercials promote a variety of devices and supplements that promise an impractical rapid treatment using this ambiguity. Unfortunately, there is no magic formula for healthy weight loss; instead, it calls for a balanced diet and regular exercise.
Applying the FITT Principle is one tried-and-true strategy for creating a fitness routine that is effective for you. Frequency, intensity, time, and type is referred to as FITT. Let's examine each of these individually by decomposing it. How often you exercise determines your frequency. We often do this by calculating the number of days in a week. Exercise difficulty is a measure of its difficulty. We might classify
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john and joan are both supervisors at main street hardware. john has worked there for twenty years and joan for fifteen years. joan is only paid half what john makes. under the equal pay act (epa)
John and Joan must get the same pay under the Equal Pay Act (EPA) if their job tasks are very comparable. Under a legitimate seniority system, John might receive a higher salary than Joan,J ohn might be compensated higher than Joan.
The Equal Pay Act (EPA), a provision of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended (FLSA), is administered and enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), and it outlaws sex-based wage discrimination against men and women working in the same establishments performing tasks that demand roughly equal skill, effort, and responsibility under comparable working conditions.
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Which of the following is an exception to the exclusionary rule?.
The exception fungible evidence is one of the exclusionary rule's most significant exceptions. Evidence and comments gained through unlawful interrogation are excluded according to the exclusionary rule.
What does the exclusionary rule's exemption mean?The three exclusionary rule exceptions are "attenuation of the taint," "independent source, and The exclusionary rule stipulates that evidence obtained through illegal police conduct cannot, with few exceptions, be used in court.
Which of the subsequent situations saw the development of an exception to the exclusionary rule?The government is still permitted to introduce illegally procured evidence into a case in order to "impeach," or undercut, the credibility of the defendants' testimony. As a method of truth-testing to avoid perjury, the Supreme Court acknowledged this exemption in Harris v. New York.
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question
Which of the following is an exception to the exclusionary rule?
a. good faith
b. inevitable discovery
c. independent source
d. all correct.
For what purposes do politicians use the Internet?.
Political debates Discussions among group members may serve as morale boosters within the group. The Internet can be used to test new ideas, gauge public opinion on topics, and gauge public opinion on concerns.
What is the role of the Internet in democracy?Political parties can promote their agenda to the public and mobilise a wider base of support for their issues via the internet. Given the availability of free blog and video sharing platforms, social media, and this medium, the cost of engaging with voters can be far lower than through broadcast media. This kind of communication is especially useful for independent candidates and small political parties with limited funding.The political process is becoming more and more facilitated by internet technology. Some commentators think that making smart use of the Internet could help address current political system concerns. In light of this, there is optimism that the Internet can be used to 'reconnect' the populace by keeping citizens properly informed about issues, enabling their participation in decision-making, and keeping them up to date on developments.To learn more about internet refer :
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Which is the best definition of civil liberties?.
The rights that exist when the government does not intervene arbitrarily are known as civil liberties. People can speak, write, own, marry, identify, and vote as they wish without intervention from the government in an entirely free society.
Let us discuss civil liberty in detail
In theory, the government and its agencies merely need to refrain from limiting these liberties to guarantee them. As long as the government stays out of its citizen's personal affairs, no additional effort is inherently necessary to support these freedoms. Civil rights, where the government actively seeks to promote democratic values and equality of treatment, are different from this category of liberties. Although there is frequently a lot of overlap, each jurisdiction recognises its own distinct set of civil liberties. The freedoms of the right to a fair trial, an open and public hearing, the right to marry, and the right to vote are examples of civil liberties. The government should be prohibited from interfering with these capacities since doing so would be against democracy and the law. The ability to marry, which has historically proven to be challenging for LGBT+ couples around the world, may stand out the most. Even though many people view this as unalienable civil liberty, same-sex marriage is illegal in a few European nations.
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In general, when you accept the privilege to drive in California, you are assumed to have given your __________ to submit to a __________ test if asked by a police officer.
In general, when you agree to drive, it is assumed that you have agreed to submit to a chemical test if a police officer requests it.
What does the law on implied consent mean?According to the implied consent statute, a motorist must consent to a blood, breath, or urine test if a law enforcement official has reason to suspect they are intoxicated and operating a vehicle.
You are allowed to refuse any test under the implied consent statute, but doing so would result in a one-year license suspension (and maybe a longer suspension under certain conditions), and an officer may be able to force you to do the test in accordance with other laws.
What occurs if a blood test for DUI is refused in Pennsylvania?If you refuse to take a blood or breath test when it is requested, your license will automatically be suspended for 12 months for a first offense and for 18 months if you have previously been convicted of DUI or refused testing.
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What does Hamlet's soliloquy in Act 1 reveal about him?.
Hamlet begins this soliloquy by expressing his wish for death, stating, "This too solid flesh would dissolve," but this desire is accompanied by a worry that God does not approve of "self-slaughter."
This demonstrates Hamlet's melancholy mood. He could be experiencing depression, for all we know.
The main goal of the soliloquy is to make Hamlet's profound melancholy and the causes of his despair clear to the audience. Hamlet emphasises that, without exception, everything in his universe is either worthless or contemptible in a disorganised outpouring of hatred, fury, sorrow, and anguish.
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If you are the Chief PNP, what can you recommend or suggest to the legislature for them to amend laws on how to lessen if not eradicate scalawags in the police service?
If I am the Chief PNP, I would recommend or suggest to the legislature for them to amend laws on how to lessen if not eradicate scalawags in the police service that they should teach them a lesson of discipline by organizing them as a paramilitary force.
What is a scalawags?The term scalawags refers to the person who behaves badly but not in harmful manner instead he does amusingly mischievous deed.
What is Legislature?The term Legislature refers to that body of government which does the policy making independent of other bodies of government.
To turn a scalawags into a good personality it is necessary to make him/her disciplined. there are many ways of doing this but as we are talkin about the scalawags in the police service it would be better to train them as a paramilitary force whose hallmark is Discipline.
Hence, If I am the Chief PNP, I would recommend or suggest to the legislature for them to amend laws on how to lessen if not eradicate scalawags in the police service that they should teach them a lesson of discipline by organizing them as a paramilitary force.
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What are the four main sources of revenue for local governments?.
Local government sales come from belongings, sales, and other taxes; costs and costs; and transfers from federal and kingdom governments.
The number one sources of sales for the federal government are private profits tax, organization profits tax, social coverage taxes, excise taxes, estate and gift taxes, and customs obligations.
Kingdom and nearby governments accumulate tax revenues from three primary resources: profits, income, and belongings taxes.
Profits and sales taxes make up most people of blended kingdom tax revenue, while assets taxes are the most important supply of tax revenue for neighborhood governments, along with faculty districts.
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What is the purpose of a political party's national convention?.
To choose a final presidential contender, each party has a national convention. The eventual presidential nominee from each party will be formally declared at the conclusion of the conventions.
State delegates chosen to represent the people in the primaries and caucuses will now "endorse" their preferred candidates. Political convention, gathering of party delegates to choose candidates for office and set party policy at the municipal, state, provincial, or national levels. Party conventions, or party conferences as they are more commonly known in Europe, are the representative bodies of political parties that have the power to elect executive committees and adopt organizational rules.
In reality, they serve as rallies for the ensuing political campaigns.
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How do the federal and state court systems differ ?.
State laws created state courts, which have extensive authority. These courts can hear cases involving anything, from criminal matters to family law disputes.
The California State Court system handles cases involving state laws as well as regional municipal and county codes, whereas federal courts handle cases involving federal laws. Here is a breakdown of how cases are viewed in California courts: Federal courts are more formal than California's state courts. In contrast, the U.S. Constitution established federal courts, which have much more limited jurisdiction.
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What are the 3 types of governments?.
In the fourth century BC, Aristotle was the first to identify the three main types of governments. These were polity, monarchy, and aristocracy.
In a monarchy, a single family has supreme power over the entire state and transmits it from one generation to the next. In a monarchy, the position of power is held by a member of the royal family until their death. Today, the vast majority of monarchy governments have transformed into constitutional monarchies, in which the head of state only performs ceremonial duties and has no real power. Only a small number of countries, including Brunei, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Swaziland, still have monarchical governments.
Aristocracy is in charge in the UK, Spain, Denmark, India, and Nigeria, among other countries. The political, economic, and social realms are controlled by a small, wealthy elite class known as the privileged class in an aristocracy.
A polity is an established political entity made up of a group of people who are connected by institutionalized social ties, a shared sense of identity, and the capacity to mobilize resources.
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while these are not all of the steps of how a bill becomes a law, you need to place the steps below in the order in which they occur (first step, then second step, third, and so on).
Step 1: A bill cannot be sent to the governor for signature until it has received approval from both the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Step 2: The bill is made law by the governor's signature.
Step 3: The Senate and the House vote to override the veto. The bill is passed into law.
What are the steps in the creation of laws?Step 1: The bill is first drafted.
Step 2: The bill is presented.
Step 3: The bill is referred to committee.
Step 4: The bill is examined by the subcommittee.
Step 5: The measure is marked up in committee.
Step 6: The full chamber will vote on the bill.
Step 7: Referring the bill to the opposite chamber.
Step 8: The bill is sent to the president.
It may be accepted or rejected by a majority vote. Following approval, a bill is forwarded to the president. He has the power to either veto (reject) or sign the bill into law. It takes 10 days for the bill to become law if the president does not sign it or veto it.
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Who believed that people should exchange some of their individual freedoms for common security?.
In his seminal treatise The Social Contract, Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) provided an alternative interpretation of social-contract theory as the foundations of society based on the sovereignty of the "universal will."
What was Jean-Jacques Rousseau's worldview?Rousseau believed that elected politicians could not determine the broad will of the populace. He was in favor of a direct democracy in which all voters decided the country's laws and expressed the will of the people. Rousseau envisioned a small-scale democracy akin to the city-state of Geneva, where he was born.
According to Hobbes, a king-led government was the best form of governance for the sovereign. According to Hobbes, granting the king complete control will lead to a more dependable and dependable exercise of political authority.
John Locke challenged the idea of the divine right of monarchs in political theory or political philosophy and asserted that all people have inalienable rights to life, liberty, and property and that those who fail to uphold those rights may be removed by the people, using force if necessary.
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What branch has 2/3 majority override?.
Congress has 2/3 majority override.
A congress is a proper assembly of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, businesses, change unions, political parties, or other companies. The time period originated in past due center English to indicate an come upon (meeting of adversaries) at some point of struggle, from the Latin congress.
Today, Congress includes one hundred senators ( from each country) and 435 balloting individuals of the residence of Representatives. The phrases of workplace and quantity of contributors directly impacts every group. With four times the membership, the residence follows approaches closely and bounds debate.
This branch includes Congress (the Senate and residence of Representatives) and special groups and offices that offer help offerings to Congress.
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