The final product of glycolysis is pyruvate. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to?
Hi there,
I hope you and your family are staying safe and healthy!
The answer is: Acetyl - CoA
So basically Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down within the cytoplasm of a cell to form pyruvate. Then under aerobic conditions, pyruvate can diffuse into Mitochondria and then convert to Acetyl-CoA as aerobic metabolism continue.
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~Garebear
A scientist investigated whether giving plants different quantities of magnesium affected their growth. He
measured growth by counting the number of new leaves produced. Write down a hypothesis he could test in his
investigation
The hypothesis that the scientist could test in his investigation is as follows: IF plants are given more than 2.0mg of magnesium, THEN their growth will be negatively affected.
What is an hypothesis?Hypothesis is a tentative conjecture explaining an observation, phenomenon or scientific problem that can be tested by further observation, investigation and/or experimentation.
An hypothesis is commonly referred to as an educated guess because it tends to provide a temporary explanation for a phenomenon.
According to this question, a scientist investigated whether giving plants different quantities of magnesium affected their growth. He measured growth by counting the number of new leaves produced.
The hypothesis of the scientist regarding the above experiment could be as follows: IF plants are given more than 2.0mg of magnesium, THEN their growth will be negatively affected.
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You dropped your 24-hour-old mannitol salt agar and macconkey agar plates of staphylococcus aureus. How would you visually be able to tell the difference now?
S.aureus on mannitol salt agar will have a yellow halo (fermentation), whereas the crystal violet on the MacConkey agar would inhibit its growth.
Staphylococcus aureus:About 30% of people have a type of bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus in their noses. Staphylococcus often doesn't hurt anyone, although occasionally it might result in infections. These staphylococcus infections, which can be serious or lethal in healthcare facilities, include:
When bacteria enter the bloodstream, it is called bacteremia or sepsis.Pneumonia is a disease that primarily affects persons with underlying lung conditions, especially those who are using mechanical ventilators.Endocarditis is a heart valve infection that can cause heart failure or stroke.Osteomyelitis is a bone infection that can be brought on by staphylococcus bacteria entering the circulation or by direct contact, such as after trauma (such as a foot puncture wound or IV drug usage).Learn more about staphylococcus here:
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If the heart rate of a seal is 60 beats per min, how many beats should occur in ten seconds? group of answer choices 60 6 12 10
10 heart beats will occur in 10 seconds.
Adults typically have a resting heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute. A lower resting heart rate typically indicates improved cardiovascular fitness and more effective cardiac function. A well-trained athlete, for instance, might have a typical resting heart rate that is closer to 40 beats per minute.Animals' heart rates ranged from 83 to 145 beats per minute, with an average of 108.7 +/- 17.7 beats per minute (SD). The majority of animal heart rate fluctuations were explained by morphometrics. These collaborated to create a complex link between heart rate and activity patterns, which also included diving activity and swimming speed.if 60 beats occur in 60 seconds then 1 beat will occur in 1 second. Thus in 10 seconds 10 beats will occur.
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The ________ are characterized by having; average diameter of 30 µm, thin adventitia, and often an incomplete media.
Answer: venules
Explanation:
One of the reasons bacteria can be so deadly is because they multiply very quickly. E. coli has a doubling time of around 15 minutes. This means that if 100 bacteria are left alone for 2 hours, they will multiply to become:
Answer:
the amount of e. coli is now 25,600
Explanation:
2 hours = 120 minutes
120/15 = 8
i dont know how to write down this next part so im gonna just do it slowly
100 x 2 = 200200 x 2 = 400400 x 2 = 800800 x 2 = 16001600 x 2 = 32003200 x 2 = 64006400 x 2 = 1280012800 x 2 = 25600The structure of the cell membrane was discovered in 1895 by _________. finding a similarity to olive oil, he discovers membranes are made of __________.
In 1895, Ernest Overton proposed that cell membranes were made of lipids
According to the lipid bilayer theory, which Gorter and Grendel put forth in 1925, the cell membrane bilayer structure can be described using crystallographic research and observations of soap bubbles.
What is Cell membrane ?All cells have a cell membrane, also known as a plasma membrane, which separates the interior of the cell from the external environment.
A semipermeable lipid bilayer makes up the cell membrane. The movement of materials into and out of the cell is controlled by the cell membrane.Biological membranes serve three main purposes. First, they prevent harmful substances from entering the cell. Second, they have receptors and channels that let certain molecules, like ions, nutrients, wastes, and metabolic products,Third, they divide metabolic processes that are necessary but incompatible that take place within organelles.Learn more about Cell membrane here:
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Which of the following was
MOST responsible for the
turn-around in water quality
in Lake Washington?
A. adding additional fertilizers to the lake
B. adding excess pollutants to the lake
C. regulations on sewage treatment
D. addition of pollution-eating bacteria
Most responsible for the turn-around in water quality in Lake Washington is option c) regulations on sewage treatment.
What does sewage treatment mean?To prevent water pollution from discharges of raw sewage, sewage treatment is a sort of wastewater treatment that tries to remove contaminants from sewage to generate an effluent that is appropriate for discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application. Sewage includes pre-treated industrial effluent as well as wastewater from homes, companies, and possibly other sources. There are many different sewage treatment methods available.
Decentralized systems (including on-site treatment systems) and huge centralized systems that transport sewage to a treatment facility via a network of pipes and pump stations are examples of these. Urban runoff (stormwater) from cities with combined sewers is also transported by the sewers to the sewage treatment facility. Sewage treatment often involves two main stages, called primary and secondary treatment.
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Fluid excess can be caused by volume excess or a condition called ____________ hydration
Fluid excess can be caused by volume excess or a condition called hypervolemia hydration.
Hypervolemia, also called fluid overload, is the condition of having too much water in your body. While the body normally has a certain amount of fluids in it, too much fluid can damage your health.
Fluid excess can occur in two main ways in the body, water intoxication and edema. Firstly Water Intoxication The result of an excess of extracellular water without having an excess of solutes. Secondly Edema the excess of both solutes and water, which is also termed isotonic volume excess. ECF volume expansion typically occurs in heart failure, kidney failure, nephrotic syndrome, and cirrhosis.
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A woman has observed a bump on her external genitalia that over the course of a few weeks seemed to grow into a small cauliflower-like mass. It is not particularly painful, and she has had no other symptoms. This is likely due to Group of answer choices syphilis. chlamydia. human papillomavirus. herpes simplex virus.
A woman observed a bump on her external genitalia that over the course of a few weeks seemed to grow into a small cauliflower-like mass likely due to human papillomavirus.
What is the human papillomavirus?The human papillomavirus is a viral infection caused by different types of viruses and associated with a sexual mode of transmission.
The human papillomavirus generally causes mid to light infections but it must be properly treated in clinical settings.
In conclusion, a woman observed a bump on her external genitalia that over the course of a few weeks seemed to grow into a small cauliflower-like mass likely due to human papillomavirus.
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What is the largest mass of neuronal cell bodies found within the central nervous system?
Axons up to 1 meter long can be seen inside some nerve cells. The longest cell in the human body is the neuron, which links the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) to other areas of the body.
What is the function of neurons in CNS?In both the central and peripheral nervous systems, neurons transmit messages. Their purpose is to transmit chemical and electrical signals to and from the brain.
Information is transmitted via neurons. They interact between various brain areas and between the brain and the residual of the nervous system through with electrical impulses and chemical signals.
The distinctive unit of the neurological system is the neuron. Dendrites, cell bodies, and axons represent the three different constituents of all neurons.
Therefore, neurons are the largest mass of neuronal cell bodies found within the central nervous system.
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Anna read a magazine article about Alaskan ice storms. Anna's friend Sam asked her what the article was about, and she explained the article's main points. What active reading strategy did Anna use?
A. Summarizing
B. Drawing inferences
C. Making predictions
D. Making mental images
The ____________________ explosion is a radiation of animals with hard parts that marks the start of a new eon in geologic time.
The Cambrian explosion is a radiation of animals with hard parts that marks the start of a new eon in geologic time.
What is Cambrian period?
The Cambrian Period is the first geologic period of the Paleozoic Era ("Time of Ancient Life"). This period lasted from 541 million to 485.4 million years ago, more than 55 million years ago, and marked a dramatic burst of evolutionary change in life on Earth, known as the "Cambrian Explosion". Among the animals that evolved during this period were chordates — animals with a dorsal nerve cord; brachiopods with hard bodies that resembled clams; and arthropods—the ancestors of spiders, insects, and crustaceans.
Although there is some scientific debate as to which fossil strata should mark the beginning of this period, the International Commission on Stratigraphy places the lower limit of the period at 541 million years ago, when worms making horizontal burrows first appeared in the fossil record. The end of the Cambrian period is marked by evidence in the fossil record of a mass extinction about 485.4 million years ago. The Cambrian period was followed by the Ordovician period.
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________ also known as birds, are now thought to be members of the large theropod family tree.
Dinosaurs also known as birds, are now thought to be members of the large theropod family tree.
Theropods, a group of two-legged dinosaurs that includes the enormous Tyrannosaurus rex and the smaller velociraptors, are the ancestors of modern birds. When compared to most current birds, the theropods that were most closely related to avians were giants, had large snouts, big teeth, and little space in between the ears.
Archaeopteryx, a hybrid animal with feathered wings but dinosaur teeth and a long bony tail, is the only fossil connection between birds and dinosaurs. These animals appeared to have evolved into birds in just 10 million years, a mere flash in evolutionary history, by acquiring feathers, wings, and flight.
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Which fluid is expected to have lowest viscosity? all the fluids are at the same temperature
Helium has lowest viscosity .
The least viscous at any temperature must be superfluid liquid helium. Many liquids exhibit low viscosity at room temperature, such as water or alcohol, and other liquids demonstrate low viscosity under increasing heat. For example, cooking oil, although rather inviscid at room temperature, becomes even less viscous when it is heated in a pan.
Honey has the greatest resistance to flow, so it has the greatest viscosity. Causes of viscosity in liquids is due to strong cohesive forces between the molecules, any layer in a moving fluid tries to drag the adjacent layer to move with an equal speed and thus produces the effect of viscosity.
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The sensory receptors, neurons and pathways make up the ________ division of the nervous system
Answer:
afferent division
Explanation:
Receptors, sensory neurons, and sensory pathways make up the afferent division of the nervous system.
The purple spots on colorless background of corn kernels observed by barbara mcclintock were the result of _______.
The purple spots on the colorless background of corn kernels observed by Barbara McClintock were the result of the transposition of the Ds elements out of the color gene.
What are the genetic elements found in corn?A transposable element is removed from one spot in the DNA and inserted into a different site in the DNA during the process of genetic transposition, which allows genes to shift their location on chromosomes.The first recognized genetic instability was caused by genetic transposition.The size of the tissue patch displaying the reversion phenotype increases as a reversion event happens earlier in the kernel development.Barbara McClintock saw purple dots on maize kernels with an otherwise colorless background. These spots were caused by the Ds components of the color gene being transposed.The wild-type (purple) phenotype manifests itself in cells where Ds from the color gene "C" sequence has been lost.Hence, Barbara McClintock discovered purple patches on the colorless backdrop of maize kernels due to the transposition of the Ds elements out of the color gene.
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The succinate dehydrogenase reaction is unusual for a dehydrogenase because it uses ________ as an electron acceptor (oxidizing agent) that is regenerated by ubiquinone
The succinate dehydrogenase reaction is unusual for a dehydrogenase because it uses FAD as an electron acceptor.
What is FAD?Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a redox-active coenzyme linked to various proteins that participates across several metabolic enzyme reactions.
A flavoprotein is a protein that contains a flavin group, which can be FAD or flavin mononucleotide (FMN).
Since it uses FAD as an electron acceptor that is regenerated by ubiquinone, the succinate dehydrogenase reaction is peculiar for a dehydrogenase.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Your question seems incomplete, the probable options are:
A) ATPB) NADPC) MalonateD) FADThe tissue from which all other connective tissue eventually rises is called?
Answer:
Mesenchyme
Explanation:
All other connective tissues eventually arise from mesenchyme
hopefully this helps :)
The tissue from which all other connective tissue eventually rises is called mesenchyme.
Undifferentiated connective tissue includes mesenchyme, also known as mesenchymal connective tissue. Although it may come from other germ layers, such as mesenchyme made from neural crest cells, it is mostly formed from the embryonic mesoderm (ectoderm). Multipotent stem cells called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are located in bone marrow and are crucial for the development and maintenance of skeletal tissues like cartilage, bone, and the fat that makes up bone marrow. While essential to morphogenesis during development, mesenchyme is typically a transitive tissue that is absent from mature animals.Mesenchymal stem cells are an exception; they can be found in trace amounts in bone marrow, lipids, muscles, and the dental pulp of infant teeth.
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4.4-1 Anaerobic Respiration
For each of the processes shown below,
Lactic acid fermentation
complete the summaries by filling in the blanks.
• use the empty boxes in the diagrams to indicate the name and number of the molecules produced.
For lactic acid fermentation, the correct options are:
pyruvatehydrogenNADHlactic acidLactic acidpyruvatemitochondriaFor ethanol fermentation, the correct options are:
pyruvateCO₂acetyl CoAacetyl CoAacetaldehydeAcetaldehydehydrogenNADHethanolWhat is a anaerobic respiration?Anaerobic respiration is respiration which occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Oxygen is used as an electron acceptor during respiration. However, when oxygen is absent or insufficient, other molecules are used as electron acceptors in order to produce energy.
Anaerobic respiration in large organisms may result in the formation of lactate known as lactic acid fermentation.
In lactic acid fermentation, after glycolysis, the two pyruvate molecules receive hydrogen atoms from NADH creating lactic acid. Lactic acid can be converted back into pyruvate in the liver. The pyruvate can then enter into the mitochondria and cellular respiration, can proceed.
On the other hand, anaerobic respiration in microorganisms produce ethanol and is known as ethanol fermentation.
After glycolysis, the two pyruvate molecules lose a CO₂ atom, creating acetyl CoA. The acetyl CoA atom combines with hydrogen to form acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde receives a hydrogen atom from NADH, resulting in the production of ethanol.
In conclusion, anaerobic respiration can occur either as a lactate fermentation or ethanol fermentation.
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A sand particle which is 0.5 mm and traveling in a stream with a flow velocity of 1,000mms
a transport
b settle
c erode
d deposit
The sand particle of 0.5mm size and travelling in a stream with flow velocity 1000mm/s is erode.
To find the answer, we have to know more about the stream flow
How sand particle travelling in a stream?The smallest sand grains, measuring between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm, are the ones that erode the fastest in streams. Any object that is smaller or larger needs more water moving past it in order to be eroded and entrained in the flow.A little silt grain needs to be eroded at a faster rate than a sand grain that is 100 times bigger! The difference is even more pronounced for particles the size of clay. The smallest sand grains, measuring between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm, are the ones that erode the fastest in streams.Thus, we can conclude that, the sand particle of 0.5mm size and travelling in a stream with flow velocity 1000mm/s is erode.
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Explain how insulin and glucagon regulate the balance (i.e. homeostasis) between glycogen and glucose when epinephrine is not involved
Answer:
glucose
Explanation:
The force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is __________ pressure
The force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is osmotic pressure. The plasma membrane forms a vesicle around the substances to be transported, and the vesicle around the vesicle is taken into cells.
Osmotic pressure depends on both the pressure gradient and concentration gradient. This is only affected by the temperature and concentration of solute, each affect the movement of water across a membrane.
Higher the concentration is higher temperature increases osmotic pressure, which produced or associate with osmosis and dependent on molar concentration and absolute temperature. Hydro-static pressure forces fluid out of the capillary , osmotic pressure draws fluid back in.
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What are articulations? junctions in the body that connect organ to bone junctions in the body that connect muscle to nervous tissue junctions in the body that connect bone to bone junctions in the body that connect muscle to organ
Junctions in the body that connect bone to bone
A joint, sometimes referred to as an articulation, is where two or more bones come together. The majority of joints only have one articulation. The names of two bones are included in each articulation (or sockets).
What is a Joint or articulation ?Bones are connected through joints, often referred to as articulations. They enable specialised movement while while giving the skeletal system stability.
Histologically, according to the predominant kind of connective tissue, joints can be categorised. i.e., synovial, fibrous, and cartilaginous.Movement, like that of the limbs, and stability, like that of the skull's bones, are both made possible by joints.Learn more about Joint or Articulation here:
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Excitation of the quadriceps femoris group and inhibition of the hamstring group is termed _______ innervation.
Excitation of the quadriceps femoris group and inhibition of the hamstring group is termed reciprocal innervation.
Reciprocal inhibition describes the relaxation of muscles on one side of a joint to accommodate contraction on the other side. Quadriceps femoris muscle are large fleshy muscle group covering the front and sides of the thigh. It has four parts namely rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermediate. Quadriceps femoris consists of the rectus femoris and the three vastus muscles. These muscles work together to extend the knee and stabilize the patella, or kneecap.
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Which substance can be found in the bloodstream of a nonsmoker five hours after exposure to environmental tobacco smoke?
Nicotine found in the bloodstream of a nonsmoker five hours after exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
Chewing tobacco and other tobacco products contain the chemical nicotine. The most accurate approach to assess nicotine exposure in smokers and non-smokers exposed to ambient tobacco smoke is to measure cotinine in people's blood.
Within seconds after inhaling nicotine, it reaches the brain. Nicotine enhances the release of neurotransmitters, brain chemicals that help control mood and behavior.
Nicotine is a toxic and very addicting substance. It may result in an increase in heart rate, blood flow to the heart, blood pressure, and artery constriction (vessels that carry blood). In addition to contributing to artery wall hardening, nicotine may also increase the risk of a heart attack.
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Hen the body responds by dilating superficial vessels in the skin, blood comes toward the surface of the skin. this allows ________.
When the body responds by dilating superficial vessels in the skin, blood comes toward the surface of the skin. This allows the release of heat to allow cooling.
The sweat glands start to produce more perspiration when the body temperature rises, as it does during physical activity on a hot day.The body is cooled via heat loss caused by sweat evaporation from the skin's surface.The skin's blood vessels dilate and expand, either releasing or trapping heat. Our skin contains roughly 3 million sweat glands, and when they grow, blood flow increases and heat is given to it.The dermal blood arteries nourish the skin and assist in controlling body temperature. The blood vessels enlarge (dilate) in response to heat, allowing a lot of blood to flow close to the skin's surface where the heat can be dissipated. blood vessels narrow (constrict), the cold retaining the body's heat.learn more about skin's blood vessels here: https://brainly.com/question/6235443
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase is regulated by feedback inhibition and covalent modification. Which molecules inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
ADP, NAD+, CoA-SH, and pyruvate are the molecules that inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
What is pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?PDC3 triggers the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, resulting in the creation of acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.
The PDC plays a crucial role in the oxidation of glucose by connecting the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic acid cycle's oxidative pathway.
ADP, NAD+, CoA-SH, and pyruvate all inhibit it. PDK prevents glycolysis from being coupled to GO by inhibiting its target enzyme PDH.
Thus, the answer is ADP, NAD+, CoA-SH, and pyruvate .
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The role of the liver in waste removal is to:
A. Filter urea out of the blood and into the bladder.
B. Filter excess salt and water out of the blood.
C. Break down dead cell into carbon dioxide to be expelled by
the lungs.
D. Break down excess amino acids and ammonia into urea.
D
Explanation:
kidneys are used to filter blood..... removal of water, urea and excess salts
The role of the liver in waste removal is to filter urea out of the blood and into the bladder. Thus, option A is correct.
What is liver and its function?The liver is a very important organ of human body and the weight of liver is 1.5 kg and width of liver is 15 cm. The colour of liver is reddish - brown.
The main functions of liver are it carries out the function of protein's metabolism and it excretes bile and it is also responsible for excreting cholesterol, hormones, bilirubin and drugs.
The liver also stores vitamins, glycogen, and minerals so it the center of storage also.
As liver is a very important organ so to maintain it's health a person have to maintain a healthy weight, take a balanced diet, regular exercise, avoiding toxins, and less use of alcohol leads to keep the liver safe and healthy.
Therefore, the role of the liver in waste removal is to filter urea out of the blood and into the bladder. Thus, option A is correct.
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How many high-energy phosphates are generated or consumed in converting 1 mole of glucose to lactate?
For converting 1 mole of glucose to lactate only 2 high energy phosphate (ATP) is required. There is 7 ATP are produced per mole of glucose in glycolysis aerobically but aerobic respiration pyruvate is converted to lactate by dehydrogenase at cost of 2 NADH.
Glucose gets rearranged during the starting molecules and two phosphate groups are attached to it. These phosphate groups make the modified sugar- now called fructose -1, 6- bis-phosphate unstable and allowing it to split in half and form two phosphate bearing three carbon sugars.
In the process of glycolysis the direct transfer of high energy phosphate from 1,3- diphosphoglyceric acid and phosphoenol pyruvate to adenine diphosphate which result in the formation of two ATP molecules.
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