Operators analyze the ability of a treatment process to remove or an activate oocysts by coagulation and flocculation.
Coagulation and flocculation are methods that are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Suspended particles may vary in source, charge, particle size, shape, and density. Correct application of coagulation and flocculation usually depends upon these factors.
Coagulation is also defined as the destabilization of colloidal particles brought about by the addition of a chemical reagent called as coagulant. Flocculation is defined as the agglomeration of destabilized particles into micro-floc and after into bulky floccules which can be settled called floc.
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arrange the following elements in order of increasing electronegativity, with 1 being the smallest and 4 being the largest: aluminum, thallium, indium, gallium
The electronegativity of 4 given elements aluminum, thallium, indium, and gallium arranged in increasing order are:
1. Aluminum
2. Gallium
3. Indium
4. Thallium
The ability of an atom to draw electrons into a chemical connection is known as electronegativity. It is a relative scale, with values ranging from 0 to 4.0. The higher the electronegativity, the greater the ability of an atom to attract electrons.
In the list of elements provided, aluminum has the lowest electronegativity, while thallium has the highest. This means that aluminum is less likely to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond, while thallium is more likely to do so. The other two elements, gallium and indium, have intermediate electronegativities and lie in between aluminum and thallium on the scale. Electronegativity generally increases as you move from left to right within a row (period) of the periodic table and increases as you move up a column (group). This is because the valence electrons of an element, which are involved in chemical bonding, are located farther away from the positively charged nucleus as the atomic number of the element increases. As a result, elements with a higher atomic number have a stronger ability to attract electrons towards themselves. Aluminum is located in the 13th column (group III) of the periodic table and has an electronegativity of 1.61. Gallium, indium, and thallium are located in the same column and have electronegativities of 1.81, 1.78, and 1.62, respectively. As you move from aluminum to thallium, the electronegativity increases, reflecting the increased ability of these elements to attract electrons towards themselves.
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if 6.0 moles al2(so4)3 of are produced in this reaction, how many moles of h2 will also be produced?
Answer:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O
From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of Al(OH)3 and 3 moles of H2SO4 that are consumed, 1 mole of Al2(SO4)3 and 6 moles of H2O are produced. Therefore, the ratio of moles of Al2(SO4)3 to moles of H2O is 1:6.
Given that 6.0 moles of Al2(SO4)3 are produced, we can use the ratio of moles to find the number of moles of H2 that are also produced:
6.0 moles Al2(SO4)3 / 1:6 ratio = 1.0 moles H2
Therefore, 1.0 moles of H2 will also be produced in this reaction if 6.0 moles of Al2(SO4)3 are produced.
consider a lattice with n spin-1 atoms with magnetic moment μ. each atom can be in one of three spin states, sz = −1, 0, 1.
The entropy is maximized when all spin states are equally probable, the maximum entropy is:[tex]{S_{\max }} = \ln N! - 3\ln \left( {\frac{N}{3}} \right)! \approx N\ln 3[/tex]. So the maximum entropy with the spin states equally populated.
The total entropy is given by the sum of the entropy of each spin state:
Picking [tex]n_1[/tex], [tex]n_0[/tex] and [tex]n_-_1[/tex] distinguishable atoms for each spin state yield the following number of states:
[tex]\Omega = \frac{{({n_{ - 1}} + {n_0} + {n_1})!}}{{{n_{ - 1}}!{n_0}!{n_1}}}[/tex]
Where it is Boltzmann's constant,
Since the total number of atoms in finding the maximum of entropy, one should note that the resulting configuration should be symmetric by any permutation of atoms between the states. Then the configuration is [tex]n_-_1 = n_0=n_1 = \frac{N}{3}[/tex]
and the [tex]{S_{\max }} = \ln N! - 3\ln \left( {\frac{N}{3}} \right)! \approx N\ln 3[/tex]
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The given question is incorrect. The correct question is given as:
Consider a lattice with N spin- 1 atoms with magnetic moment [tex]\mu[/tex]. Each atom can be in one of three spin states, [tex]S_z =-1, 0, +1[/tex]. Let [tex]n_-_1[/tex], [tex]n_{0}[/tex] and [tex]n_1[/tex] denote the respective number of atoms in each of those spin states. Find the total entropy and the configuration which maximizes the total entropy. What is the maximum entropy? (Assume that no magnetic field is present, so all atoms have the same energy. Also assume that atoms on different lattice sites cannot be exchanged, so they are distinguishable.)
What will happen to density of gasoline if the volume decreases but mass stays the same?
if 75.0% of the isotopes of an element have a mass of 35.0 amu and 25.0% of the isotopes have a mass of 37.0 amu, what is the atomic mass of the element? * (1) 35.0 amu (2) 36.0 amu
The atomic mass of an element whose isotopes having mass 35 amu and 37 amu will be 35.5 amu. the correct answer is C.
When an element has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, that element is said to be an isotope.
Calculating the average atomic mass of an element involves multiplying each isotope by its mass and adding the results. You can figure out an element's mass by using:
atomic mass element = (mass isotopes₁ x abundance₁) + (mass isotopes₂ x abundance₂)
atomic mass element = (35 x 75%) + (37 x25%)
atomic mass element = 26.25 +9.25
atomic mass element = 35.5 amu
your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was
If 75.0% of the isotopes of an element have a mass of 35.0 amu and 25.0% of the isotopes have a mass of 37.0amu what is the atomic mass of the element
A) 35.0amu
B)36.0amu
C)35.5amu
D)37.0amu
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a 5.14 g sample of a solid containing ni is dissolved in 20.0 ml water. a 5.00 ml aliquot of this solution is diluted to 100.0 ml and analyzed in the lab. the analyzed solution was determined to contain 5.03 ppm ni . determine the molar concentration of ni in the 20.0 ml solution.
To determine the molar concentration of Ni in the 20.0 mL solution, we first need to calculate the number of moles of Ni in the 5.00 mL aliquot.
This can be done by multiplying the number of parts per million (ppm) of Ni (5.03 ppm) by the volume of the aliquot (5.00 mL) and then dividing by 1,000,000 to convert from ppm to moles per liter. This gives us 0.00005030 moles of Ni in the 5.00 mL aliquot.
Now, to determine the molar concentration of Ni in the 20.0 mL solution, we need to divide the number of moles of Ni in the 5.00 mL aliquot (0.00005030 moles) by the volume of the 20.0 mL solution (20.0 mL) to get the molar concentration. This gives us a molar concentration of 0.0002515 moles per liter (or 2.515 x 10-4 M).
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How do protein, nucleic acid, and polysaccharide molecules polymerize (grow in length)?
A.) by hydrolysis reactions
B.) by oxidation reactions
C.) by condensation reactions
D.) none of these
Protein, nucleic acid, and polysaccharide molecules will polymerize by the condensation reactions.
condensation reaction, are the reactions in which two molecules will combine, usually in the presence of a catalyst, with the elimination of water or some other simple molecules. The combination of the two identical molecules is called as self-condensation. Aldehydes, ketones, esters, alkynes (acetylenes), as well as amines are the several organic compounds that will combine with each other and, except for amines, among themselves to form a larger molecules, many of which are useful intermediate compounds in an organic synthesis. Catalysts commonly used in condensation reactions include acids, bases, the cyanide ion, as well as the complex metal ions.
The shapes of the most biological macromolecules are held in a place largely by the strong covalent bonds that will form between the different parts of the molecule.
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Balloons for a New Year's Eve party in Fargo, ND, are filled to a volume of 2.1 L at a temperature of 22 degree C and then hung outside where the temperature is -26 degree C What ts the volume ot the balloons after they have cooled to the outside temperature? Assume that atmospheric pressure inside and outside the house is the same.
The volume of the balloons after they have the cooled to the outside the temperature is 1.7 L.
The initial volume , V₁ = 2.1 L
The initial temperature, T₁ = 22 °C = 295 K
The final temperature , T₂ = -26 °C = 247 K
The final volume, V₂ = ?
The charles' law is expressed as :
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
V₂ = (2.1 × 247 ) / 295
V₂ = 518.7 / 295
V₂ = 1.7 L
The final volume of the balloon, V₂ = 1.7 L.
Thus, the final volume of the balloons is 1.7 L.
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indicate which structure makes the largest contribution to the resonance hybrid.
Four distinct resonance configurations can be produced by the movement of electrons. The resonating structure (IV) makes up the majority of the resonance hybrid because it has more bonds than the other three structures combined.
The resonance form with the least formal charges will give the resonance hybrid the most input. An atom's formal charge is the charge it bears within a molecule. The resonance structure is more stable the lower the formal charges are. Maximum contribution to the resonance hybrid is made by the least stable resonating structure. Because every atom possesses an entire octet, the first structure is the main contribution. Despite the fact that the positive charge is on the O atom's more electronegative side, this is the case.
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All of the transition metals have at least how many energy levels?
Answer:
4
Explanation:
4, because they start at period 4
All of the transition metals have at least 3 energy levels.
What are transition metals?Transition elements are elements with partly filled d orbitals (sometimes known as transition metals). Transition elements are defined by IUPAC as elements with a partly full d subshell or elements capable of forming stable cations with an incompletely filled d orbital. Transition metals are utilized as catalysts in a variety of applications. This is the most cost-effective method of producing ammonia, which is widely used in fertilizers. The metal surface may absorb elements and chemicals. Early transition metals are found on the periodic table's left side, from group 3 to group 7. Late transition metals range from group 8 to 11 on the right side of the d-block (12 if it is counted as transition metals).
Here,
All transition metals have at least three energy levels.
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What are the three gas laws in terms of thermodynamics? In three to five sentences, explain your answer using inferences.
The three gas laws in thermodynamics are the Ideal Gas Law, Boyle's Law, and Charles' Law.
What do the laws describe?The Ideal Gas Law relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. It states that the pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its temperature and inversely proportional to its volume.
Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, provided the temperature remains constant.
Charles' Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, provided the pressure remains constant. These three laws are useful in understanding and describing the behavior of gases.
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what happens when soluble ionic compounds dissolve in water and reaches saturation point?
When the soluble ionic compounds dissolve in the water and it reaches saturation point it means that there is no more of the solute will be dissolve.
When the ionic compound will dissolve in the water then the water molecule acts like the tiny magnet that will creates the force of attraction on the ions of the solute. When all the molecules of the water have attached to ions of the solute and there will be no more are available, then the solution is said to be the saturated solution, and there is no more of the solute will dissolve.
Thus, the when the solution reaches to the saturation point, there will no more solute available.
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CaF₂ Express your answer as signed integers separated by a comma. the oxidation states of Ca F =
In the given compound the oxidation state of Ca is+2 and that of F2 is -1.
Using the following 2 rules we can find the oxidation of each atom in the compound in CaF2-
Halogens (group 17 elements) are given an oxidation number of -1 in compounds composed of two elements. Here Fluorine is an halogen and thus showing -1 oxidation stateIn their compounds, all alkaline earth metals (group 2 elements) show an oxidation state of +2. Here Calcium being the alkali earth metal displays +2 oxidation state.Some additional rules for calculating oxidation state are -
Any element that is free has an oxidation number of zero.The oxidation state of the hydrogen atom (H) is 1. However, it displays an oxidation number of -1 when coupled with an element that has a lower electronegativity than it.Most of the compounds made up of oxygen have an oxidation of -2. The oxidation number corresponding to oxygen in peroxides, on the other hand, is -1.In their compounds, all alkali metals (group 1 elements) have an oxidation state of 1.The total of all the constituent atoms' oxidation numbers is 0 for neutral substances.The net charge of a polyatomic ion is equal to the total sum of all the oxidation numbers of the atoms that make up the ion.These procedures can be used to determine an atom's oxidation number in a specific chemical.To learn more about oxidation state click here:
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The above question is incomplete. Check below the complete question-
In the molecule CaF₂ determine the oxidation state of each atom. Express your answer as signed integers separated by a comma. the oxidation states of Ca and F.
Which defining features are characteristics of a stroke?
Primary involvement of the central nervous system
Vascular cause
Sudden onset of signs and symptoms
A stroke is characterized by three defining features: primary involvement of the central nervous system, a vascular cause, and a sudden onset of signs and symptoms.
A stroke, also known as a cerebrovascular accident, is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is disrupted. This disruption can be caused by a blockage, such as a blood clot, or the bursting of a blood vessel, leading to damage to brain tissue.
The central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, is primarily involved in a stroke, and the sudden onset of signs and symptoms is an indication that there has been an interruption in the blood supply to the brain. The signs and symptoms of a stroke can vary depending on the location and extent of the brain damage but typically include weakness or numbness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, loss of vision in one or both eyes, and sudden severe headache.
Therefore, the primary involvement of the central nervous system, the vascular cause, and the sudden onset of signs and symptoms are the defining features of a stroke.
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4 use the chemical equation and table to answer
4
HCI (aq) + NaOH (aq) -->
NaCl (s) + H₂O (1)
Mass of
HCI
NaOH
NaCl
H₂O
Grams (g)
36.5
40.0
58.5
?
following question.
Which mass of water is expected to be produced in the reaction?
Answer:
the mass of water expected to be produced in the reaction is 18.0g
Which contains the same number of ions as the value of avogadro's constant?
a. 0.5 mol kbr
b. 0.5 mol cabr2
c. 1.0 mol cao
d. 1.0 mol k2o?
0.5 mol of KBr contains the same number of ions as the value of the Avogadro's number.
Hence, option a is the correct option.
According to the mole concept we know that 1 mole of a particular molecule contains 6.022 × 10²³ no. of ions which is known as the Avogadro's number.
We know that,
KBr → K⁺ + Br⁻
So, 1 mole of KBr is able to produce 1 mole each of K⁺ and Br⁻ ions and therefore 0.5 moles of KBr produces 0.5 moles each of K⁺ and Br⁻ ions. Using the mole concept,
0.5 moles of K⁺ ions = (0.5)(6.022 × 10²³) = 3.011 × 10²³ ions
0.5 moles of Br⁻ ions = (0.5)(6.022 × 10²³) = 3.011 × 10²³ ions
Total number of ions = 3.011 × 10²³ + 3.011 × 10²³ = 6.022 × 10²³ ions
Therefore, the number of ions is equal to the value of the Avogadro's number.
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a student accidentally left the chromatpgraphy paper in the baw solution for 4 hours instead of 1 hour, and the solvent front reached the top of the paper. briefly describe what you will observe when you develop (stain) the amino acid spots.
We observe that capillary action and the solvent front will continue rise. Once the solvent front reaches the top, then it will evaporate off of the top as well as more solvent will continue to rise, causing these spots to move up.
Thin layer chromatography, we're going to take the TLC plate and we'll place it into a beaker or TLC development chamber and it will contain some solution and then over time we'll get the solvent front reaching close to the top of the container and the TLC plates. So let's say that is one hour. For some of the reason we left it in there for four hours, then we'll continue to have capillary action and the solvent front will continue to rise. It will reach the top.
When the solvent front reaches the top, then it will evaporate off at the top and the more solvent will rise, and causing these spots to move up. And when it is occurred then we might even get if it takes longer than these spots will continue move up and we might end up with almost all spots at the top of TLC plate. And so this will be might after four hours.
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A tudent i conducting an experiment to tet how temperature might affect the action of a particular enzyme. How might a hypothei for thi experiment be tated?
A hypothesis for this experiment could be stated as "Increasing the temperature of the environment will increase the activity of the enzyme."
This hypothesis can then be tested by performing the experiment, measuring the activity of the enzyme at different temperatures and comparing the results. If the activity of the enzyme increases with temperature, then the hypothesis is supported. If not, then the hypothesis is not supported.
Additionally, further experiments may be conducted to explore the effects of different temperatures on the enzyme activity, as well as the effects of other environmental factors such as pH and oxygen levels. If the hypothesis is supported, then further experiments can be conducted to explore the mechanism of action of the enzyme at different temperatures, and to determine the optimal temperature range for the enzyme's activity.
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Sodium is an element in the periodic table which is a metal as it has a net positive charge. The valency of this element is +1. It can donate an electron to achieve the octet and hence stability. What are chemical elements? Chemical elements are the substances which cannot be decomposed into further simpler substances by any ordinary chemical process. These are presented in the periodic table on the basis of their atomic number. Sodium is an element which belongs to the alkali metals family. Sodium element can be denoted by the symbol Na. The element is a metal as it has a net positive charge. It can donate one electron from its valency shell to achieve the octet which gives it stability. Therefore, the valency of the element is 1. The element has 11 protons, 11 neutrons and 11 electrons. This can be represented as: ¹¹Na₂₂ where, Na is the symbol of sodium 11 is the atomic number = number of protons in the element 22 is the atomic mass = number of protons+ number of neutrons in the element.
Answer:
That is correct. Chemical elements are the fundamental building blocks of matter and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. They are arranged in the periodic table based on their atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. Sodium is an element with the symbol Na, and it is a metal belonging to the alkali metal group. It has a valency of +1, which means it can donate one electron from its outermost shell to achieve stability and form chemical compounds. The atomic number of sodium is 11, and the atomic mass is 22, which is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the atom.
Draw a structure for (1S,2R)-2-methylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde. • Show stereochemistry only if given in the name. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • If a group is achiral, do not use wedged or hashed bonds on it.
2 Methylcyclopentanecarbaldehyde has the molecular formula C7H12O. Additionally, it is known as 2-methylcyclopentane-1-carbaldehyde.
When choosing which end of the carbon chain to start numbering, you must give the carbonyl group "priority" over the double bond when naming unsaturated aldehydes and ketones. In an acyclic compound, the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde will always be at the end of the carbon chain, so numbering always begins at this carbon. Anywhere in a chain or ring, a ketone carbonyl function may be found, and its location is typically indicated by a location number. In C7H12O normal chain numbering begins at the end closest to the carbonyl group. Since there is only one potential site for a ketone carbonyl function, very basic ketones like propanone and phenyl-ethanone do not need a locator number.
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if 4.55 g of naoh is typically produced by a chemical reaction, what would be the percent yield if 5.00 g could theoretically be produced from the reaction?
91% would be the percent yield if 5.00 g could theoretically be produced from the reaction.
In chemistry, yield, also known as reaction yield, is a percentage measure of the number of moles of a product created in proportion to the reactant consumed in a chemical process. One of the most important elements that scientists must address in organic and inorganic chemical synthesis processes is yield.
The words "yield," "conversion," and "selectivity" are used in chemical reaction engineering to indicate ratios of how much of a reactant was consumed (conversion), how much desirable product was generated (yield), and how much unwanted product was formed (selectivity), denoted as X, Y, and S.
A chemical reaction equation can be used to calculate the ideal connection between products and reactants in a chemical process. Stoichiometry is used to calculate chemical processes, such as the stoichiometric mole ratio of reactants and products.
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How much work is required to push a 29-N object
over a distance of 6 meters?
Explanation:
W= F×d
W=29×6
W=174J or 174Nm
(iii) The filtrate was an alkaline solution of potassium carbonate. This was titrated
against a standard hydrochloric acid solution to find the concentration of the
potassium carbonate.
K₂CO3
+
2HC1
2KCI+ CO₂ + H₂O
Methyl orange was used as an indicator; this turns from yellow in the potassium
carbonate solution to pink when the potassium carbonate is neutralised by the
hydrochloric acid. The following results were obtained using 25.00 cm³ samples of
the potassium carbonate solution.
Burette finish/cm³
Burette start/cm³
24.80
0.00
26.20
1.60
26.55
2.00
I Calculate the mean volume of hydrochloric acid added, using all three sets
of results.
[1]
Explanation:
The mean volume of hydrochloric acid added can be calculated by summing the volume of acid added in each titration and dividing by the number of titrations.
1st titration: 24.80cm³ - 0.00cm³ = 24.80cm³
2nd titration: 26.20cm³ - 1.60cm³ = 24.60cm³
3rd titration: 26.55cm³ - 2.00cm³ = 24.55cm³
Sum of volumes: 24.80cm³ + 24.60cm³ + 24.55cm³ = 74.95cm³
Mean volume: 74.95cm³ / 3 = 24.98cm³
So the mean volume of hydrochloric acid added is 24.98cm³.
What information can Lewis structures convey?
The valence shell electrons in a molecule are depicted in an extremely simplified manner by a Lewis Structure. It is used to demonstrate how the electrons in a molecule are positioned around particular atoms. Electrons are shown as "dots" or, in the case of a bond, as a line connecting the two atoms.
What purpose does the Lewis structure serve?The significance of Lewis's structure is the second. For forecasting the geometry, polarity, and reactivity of (in)organic compounds, Lewis structures are crucial. Lastly, how to depict the Lewis structure. For each available valence electron, a dot is placed around an atom to represent that electron in the Lewis structure for that particular element.
What is the Lewis structure's conclusion?Conclusion. A Lewis structure is created using the octet rule, which states that atoms must share electrons in order for each to have eight electrons in its outer shell. Typically, a symbol on the side of an element symbol designates a single electron.
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describe how carbon dioxide in the air outside a leaf reaches mesophyll cells inside the leaf
The carbon dioxide in the air outside a leaf reaches mesophyll cells inside the leaf through the stomata that are opened by the guard cells becoming turgid.
The carbon dioxide present in the air and outside a leaf reaches the mesophyll cells inside the leaf through the stomata that are opened by the guard cells becoming turgid. They are then diffuse through the air spaces and down the diffusion gradient and to finally the mesophyll cells.
CO₂ in the air → epidermal cells (stomata) → chloroplast → Mesophyll cell.
Thus, through stomata , the carbon dioxide in the air outside a leaf reaches mesophyll cells inside the leaf.
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which trp residue of carbonic anhydrase can be selectively modified with chcl3 at 20°c?
W4 trp residue of carbonic anhydrase can be selectively modified with CHCl₃ at 20°c
carbonic anhydrase, enzyme are found in red blood cells, gastric mucosa, pancreatic cells, as well as renal tubules which catalyzes the interconversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and carbonic acid (H₂CO₃). Carbonic anhydrase plays very important role in respiration by influencing CO₂ transport in the blood.
The aromatic side chain of Trp residues in proteins as well as peptides can be chemically modified by the two photochemical reactions using ultraviolet light (hv) at 20°C.
Photochemical reactions of Trp side chain with CHCl₃ and CCI₂CO₂H O A. Imidazole Each substitution on Trp will replaces one hydrogen atom attached to a carbon somewhere on the indole ring. Photochemical modification percentages of various Trp residues in carbonic anhydrase at 20°C.
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how many moles of oh ions are present in 140.2 ml of 0.125 m calcium hydroxide? enter to 4 decimal places.
0.034 moles of oh ions are present in 140.2 ml of 0.125 m calcium hydroxide .
Calcium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. Water and quicklime react to form a colorless crystal or white powder. It is referred to by a variety of names, including hydrated lime, pickling lime, caustic lime, builders' lime, and slaked lime.
Volume of calcium hydroxide= 140.2 ml
Molarity = 0.125 M
We know, Moles= (0.125/1000)*140.2
= 0.017 moles
In 1 mole Calcium Hydroxide there are 2 moles of OH
so 0.017*2
= 0.034 moles
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which structure could not be seen using an electron microscope? choose one: a. electron b. ribosomes c. individual cell d. dna e. plasma membrane
The structure of an electron could not be seen by using an electron microscope.
An electron is a small particle having a negative charge that is found in all the atoms. Streams of electrons made by special equipment which can be used for the radiation treatment.
An electron microscope is a microscope which uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. As the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than the visible light photons, electron microscopes having higher resolving power than to the light microscopes and can reveal the structure of the smaller objects. Electron microscopes use shaped magnetic fields to form an electron optical lens systems that are analogous to the glass lenses of an optical light microscope.
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in the element neon, each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell. the atoms of neon will be
In the element neon, each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell. The atoms of neon will be inert (non-reactive) because they have a full valence shell.
Atoms of an element are characterized by the number of electrons in their outermost shell, known as the valence shell. When an atom has a full valence shell, it is considered to be stable, and therefore less likely to react with other elements or compounds. In the case of neon, each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, which is the maximum number that the shell can hold.
As a result, neon atoms are considered to be chemically inert, meaning that they do not react with other elements or compounds. This is because they have a full valence shell and there is no reason for them to gain or lose electrons in a chemical reaction. The non-reactivity of neon makes it useful for a variety of applications, such as in lighting and cryogenics.
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which diffused father, the copper or the bromophenol blue? use the average distance traveled. how is atomic mass related to the diffusion rate?
The diffusion rate of a substance is influenced by its molecular mass, with lighter molecules diffusing faster than heavier ones.
The diffusion rate of a substance is determined by the temperature and the molecular mass of the substance. In general, lighter molecules diffuse faster than heavier ones. Therefore, if copper and bromophenol blue were placed in a solution, bromophenol blue, which has a smaller molecular mass, would diffuse farther in a given amount of time compared to copper.
The atomic mass of a substance is not directly related to its diffusion rate, but rather its molecular mass which is a combination of the atomic masses of its constituent atoms. To summarize, the diffusion rate of a substance is influenced by its molecular mass, with lighter molecules diffusing faster than heavier ones, but atomic mass by itself is not a direct predictor of the diffusion rate.
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