Answer:
The goal of bleaching, in terms of Irish potato chunks, is to minimize enzymatic browning caused by the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, which affects the color of Irish potato chunks after peeling.
microbiology encompasses the study of organisms that are too small to be viewed with the unaided eye. these include not only viruses and bacteria but also eukaryotic organisms such as protozoa, fungi, and algae. although most helminths (worms) and arthropods (including insects and arachnids) are not microscopic, many have life cycle stages, such as eggs or larvae, that are microscopic, so these organisms are included in the study of microbiology. eukaryotic pathogens cause infectious diseases that are extremely prevalent in many parts of the world. some of these diseases, including malaria, schistosomiasis, amebiasis, hookworm, african trypanosomiasis, and intestinal helminths, rank among the top 20 microbial causes of death worldwide. this activity will introduce these eukaryotic pathogens and stress some of the fundamental differences among the major groups.
Microbiology is a scientific discipline that studies tiny organisms that are too small to be seen with the bare eye.
What are Eukaryotic pathogens?
Eukaryotic pathogens are organisms such as fungi, protozoa, and larvae that can cause disease in plants and animals. These pathogens are usually spread through contact with an infected individual or animal, through contact with an infected environment, or through food or water contaminated with the pathogen. They can cause a variety of diseases, ranging from mild to severe, including malaria, cholera, and HIV/AIDS. Some eukaryotic pathogens can also cause serious and life-threatening infections, such as cryptococcal meningitis.
The organisms in microbiology include bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Helminths and arthropods, such as insects and arachnids, are not microscopic, but many of them have microscopic life-cycle stages, such as eggs or larvae, which are also studied in the field of microbiology.
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arthropods have a steady growth pattern growing bigger over time. group of answer choices true false
The statement that arthropods have a steady growth pattern growing bigger over time is false.
Arthropods are the organisms with bilaterally symmetrical body and their body possesses an external skeleton. The prominent examples of arthropods are insects, crabs, spiders etc. Arthropods generally grow by forming new segments near the tail, or the posterior end. Arthropods generally shed their exoskeletons periodically by the process called as molting. Since the exoskeleton is a hard structure and its outer layer is non-living or dead, it cannot grow larger in size by small increments as seen in the human skeleton. There are basically four distinct stages in the life cycle of the arthropods which are classified as egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
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What level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of different species?
A) community
B) organism
C) ecosystem
D) population
community level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of different species.
What is ecology?
Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels.
A biological community consists of all the populations of different species that live in a given area. Community ecologists focus on interactions between populations and how these interactions shape the community. Community ecologists study interspecific interactions, like predator-prey and competition. There are also symbiotic interactions like mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
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write a description of the flowers and leaves of a plant known as the Stargazer Lily. Images of this plant are included in this week’s slides, but you are also encouraged to use the internet to find more info and pictures. Note the numbers of the different floral parts (stamen, pistil, petals, sepals), colors and other characteristics of the flowers, inflorescence type, leaf type, shape, margin and basal attachment arrangement. Use the correct anatomical terms in your descriptions.
Description
1)Flower:
2) Inflorescence:
3) Leaves:
The Orential group of lilies includes the easy-to-grow erect hybrid known as the Stargazer Lily. Large spectacular pink blooms with white margins and dark pink stripes grow on it, along with a potent aroma. Plant it in loamy soil that receives full light.
What does the Stargazer represent?Stargazers are thought to represent innocence and purity, however the meaning varies depending on the flower's hue. A pink stargazer lily, for instance, represents riches and fortune. White stargazers, of course, denote innocence and purity, while yellow stargazers indicate gladness.
What makes it a stargazer lily?To combat this gloomy appearance, Leslie Woodriff, a lily breeder in California, developed the "Stargazer" lily in 1974. The new cross was given the name "Stargazer" by Woodriff because the flowers faced towards the sky.
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All of the following are characteristics of cholesterol EXCEPT: 0 It is used for making sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone) 0 It is converted to bile 0 It js incorporated into cell membranes It is an essential nutrient
The correct option regarding the characteristics of cholesterol is option D) its is an essential nutrient.
To produce essential steroid hormones like oestrogen and progesterone as well as vitamin D, your body requires cholesterol. In addition, cholesterol is required for the production of bile acids, which dissolve fat, vitamin D, and hormones (such as testosterone and oestrogen). It is the liver which is responsible for making cholesterol in the body. Cholesterol is responsible for making vitamin D in body.
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active transport occurs across membranes that: select one: a. are semipermeable to water and small electrically uncharged molecules. b. have a cell membrane that is hydrophobic rather than hydrophilic. c. have a higher concentration of the solute on the outside of the cell. d. have receptors that are capable of binding with the substances to be transported.
Active transport occurs across membranes that c. have a higher concentration of the solute on the outside of the cell.
Active transport is a cellular transport mechanism in which substances like amino acids, glucose and ions are transported across cell membranes to a region were the high concentration of such substances is present .
Active transport is considered as the movement of dissolved molecules into or out of a cell mediated by cell membrane, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. These particles then move against the concentration gradient , while using energy released during respiration .
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combination therapy for hiv is based on the assumption that it highly unlikely for multiple simultaneous mutations to cause resistance to each of the drugs used.true or false
Combination therapy (combination of many medications) is typically used to treat HIV in order to prevent the virus from developing drug resistance through selective mutation.
The major justification for using a combination of medicines in HIV therapy is that the HIV virus needs more mutations to become resistant to different medications.
Resistance to the several medications must be ensured by separate mutations alone.
Even though the mutation rate of HIV is quite high the possibility that several resistance mutations would develop concurrently in a single virion is practically improbable.
So the answer is true ,
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after several weeks of no rain during the summer, you observe that leaves of some plants are wilted. which of the answer choices would you expect to observe at the cellular level with respect to photosynthesis?
Because there isn't enough water photosynthesis, the rate of degradation of chlorophyll molecules will be slower.
What is the most likely reason for the seedlings grown in the dark losing biomass?What causes the dark-grown seedlings to lose biomass, and what scenario is MOST likely? - Plants exposed to darkness do not produce the same amounts of cellular respiration and ATP as plants exposed to light.
What comes first in photosynthesis?The initial phase is known as the light reactions because it only takes place when light is present. These early processes utilize water, which releases oxygen. A tiny quantity of ATP and the energy transporter NADPH are produced from the energy of sunlight.
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How many amino acids are common to most living systems? 10 20 30 100
There are 20 amino acids common to most living systems
The body needs proteins to participate in the biosynthesis of porphyrins, purines, pyrimidines and urea
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein that determine the quality of a protein. There are 20 amino acids which are the building blocks of protein. The 20 amino acids consist of 9 essential amino acids and 11 non-essential amino acids. Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be produced by the body, but these amino acids can be obtained from food.
Here are some essential amino acids that can be obtained from food and drink, namely valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and lysine.
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Members of the group a streptococci (GAS) cause all of the following except
A. Strep throat
B. Scarlet fever
C. Rheumatic fever
D. Pharyngitis
E. Epiglottitis
OPTION E is correct - Epiglottitis
When the epiglottis, a tiny cartilage "lid" that covers the windpipe, expands, it is said to have epiglottitis. The swollen area prevents air from entering the lungs. Epiglottitis may result in death. The epiglottis can enlarge for a variety of reasons. These causes include throat injuries, infections, and burns from hot liquids.
Anyone can develop epiglottitis at any age. Once, it was mainly understood by kids. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacterial infection was the most frequent cause of epiglottitis in youngsters. The bacterium also brings on blood infections, meningitis, and pneumonia.
Epiglottitis in children is now uncommon thanks to the widespread use of the Hib vaccine for infants. It increasingly affects more adults. To avoid fatal complications, the condition needs to be treated right away.
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In guinea pigs, a black coat (B) is dominant to an albino coat (b), and short hair (H) is dominant to long hair (h). A BbHh guinea pig is crossed with a bbHH guinea pig. If 30 offspring are produced, how many would be expected to be A) black with short hair, B) albino with short hair, and C) albino with long hair?
When A BbHh guinea pig is crossed with a bbHH guinea pig at that time the gametes are are the progeny produced. The gametes out from BbHh will be BH,bh,Bh and bH and on the other side the gametes are bH, bH, bH and bH. 16 offsprings are produced and from these only 8 black short hair with 8 albino short are produced.
What is the homozygous condition ?It is the condition in which the gametes that are present are identical that is same type of gametes are present.
In this condition given, firstly 16 offspring are produced and from these 8 are albino short, 8 are black short since there is no long hair for h present in the second pig that is mated there will be no chance of long hair in the progeny.
The gametes out from two are BH,bh,Bh and bH from the 1st pig and bH,bH,bH and bH. On fusing it forms BbHH,bbHh,BbHh,bbHH,BbHH,bbHh,bbHH,BbHH,bbHh,BbHh,bbHH,bBHH,bbHH,BbHh and bbHH.
8 are black short and 8 are albino short.
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the saclike structure around the heart is the: a pericardium. b endocardium. c myocardium. d epicardium.
Answer:
Pericardium
Explanation:
Surrounding the heart is a saclike fibrous structure called the pericardium. Its function is mainly to protect the heart from overdistention (stretching too much when being filled with blood), and to maintain efficient function despite surrounding organs and structures.
Which statement below about nucleotides is TRUE? a)Base pairing occurs between the 5' and 3' carbons of the sugar in a nucleotide b)A deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) becomes DNA nucleotide during polymerization. c)In a nucleotide the base is either deoxyribose (in DNA) or ribose (in RNA) d)A nucleotide is composed of two nitrogenous bases, sugar; and phosphate group
Of the four statements given, statement c) is TRUE. The base of a nucleotide can either be deoxyribose (in DNA) or ribose (in RNA).
Base pairing occurs between the nitrogenous bases in a nucleotide and not between the 5' and 3' carbons of the sugar, so statement a) is FALSE.
A deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) does become a DNA nucleotide during polymerization, making statement b) TRUE. DNA polymerization occurs when a DNA polymerase binds to a dNTP, and adds it to the 3' end of a growing strand of DNA.
In summary, statement c) is TRUE, statement a) is FALSE, and both statement b) and d) are TRUE. A nucleotide is composed of two nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate group, and a deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) becomes a DNA nucleotide during polymerization.
A nucleotide is a building block of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. It is composed of two nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate group.
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explain the distribution of pollen on the milkweed plants. why do you think the pattern is the way that it is?
Because the monarch butterfly consumes the top layer of pollen on milkweed plants while laying her eggs, it is evidence that the pollen has the highest density.
The primary factor behind the reduction of milkweed has also been attributed to GM crops (8, 13): Herbicides are sprayed indiscriminately across crop fields, killing all non-resistant plants because GM crops are frequently created to be resistant to glyphosate or other herbicides. It is well recognized and well-documented that milkweed and monarch butterflies interact. Milkweed blossoms provide food for monarch butterflies, who then collect pollen and spread it to other plants. On milkweed plant leaves, female monarchs also lay their eggs one at a time. The larva first consumes the shell before starting to consume milkweed leaves.
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are there other uses of basagran herbicide other than herbicide
Answer: established bluegrass, fescue, bentgrass, Bermudagrass, bahiagrass, centipedegrass, zoysiagrass, ryegrass
Explanation:
Drag each of the following labels into the appropriate box to identify which motor division of the peripheral nervous system is described.
The peripheral nervous system is simply divided into 2 types, which are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
SOMATIC
Voluntaryprincipally involved with the movement "of" the bodyskeletal muscles activationAUTONOMIC
Involuntarylacrimal gland activationintestinal smooth muscle activationprincipally involved with movement "through" the bodysweat gland activationarrector pili activationcan be excitatory or inhibitory on the target organThe peripheral nervous system (PNS) is simply known as the division of the nervous system which has all the nerves that are found outside of the central nervous system (CNS).
Its primary role is to connect the central nervous system to various organs such as the limbs, and skin. simply divided into 2 types, which are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
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Which of the following factors made the land a place where the first land plants could thrive? Select the two correct answers.
1. evolution of animals
2. low levels of oxygen in the atmosphere
3. new, nutrient-rich soil made of cyanobacteria and deteriorating rock
4. abundant sunlight for photosynthesis
Answer:
3 2
Explanation:
Answer: new nutrient-rich soil made of cyanobacteria and deteriorating rock
abundant sunlight for photosynthesis
Explanation:
Why is gaining electrons called reduction?
Gaining electrons is called reduction because the electron gain is associated with a decrease in the oxidation state of the atoms involved. In other words, the atom has been reduced from its original oxidation state.
It is the opposite of oxidation, which is the process of losing electrons. In a chemical reaction, when one substance gains electrons, it is said to be reduced, while when a substance loses electrons it is said to be oxidized. This is because the oxidation state is determined by the number of electrons in a substance, and when the number of electrons increases, the oxidation state decreases.
Oxidation is the process of losing electrons, while reduction is the process of gaining electrons. Oxidation occurs when an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons, making it more positively charged. Reduction occurs when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons, making it more negatively charged.
Electron-reduction is a type of chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another, resulting in the reduction of one molecule and the oxidation of another.
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drag each label to the appropriate location on the diagram of a homeostasis pathway.
On the diagram of a homeostasis pathway, label to appropriate location is a. Negative feedback, b. endocrine cell, c. hormone, d. blood vessel.
Homeostasis refers to any self-regulating process by which an organism uses to maintain stability during adjustment period to conditions that are best for its survival. If homeostasis is successful, life continues and if it is unsuccessful, it results in a disaster or death of the organism. Hence, homeostasis pathway refers to the pathways which are involved in the maintenance of the internal environment of an organism, the adequate levels of substances and nutrients, the stability of normal body states and the feedback regulatory mechanisms that control them.
Homeostasis is generally maintained by a negative feedback loop that involves a stimulus, sensor, control center, and effector. In hemostasis, the endocrine system (including endocrine cells) integrates body activities and ensures that the composition of the body fluids bathing the constituent cells remains constant. Hormones are responsible for key homeostatic processes including control of blood glucose levels and control of blood pressure. Blood vessel helps to maintain homeostasis through the release or conservation of energy.
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which of the following is always true concerning the base composition of dna? a. in a molecule of double stranded dna, the ratio of adenine residues to thymine residues equals the ratio of cytosine residues to guanine residues. b. in a molecule of double stranded dna, the number of adenine residues plus thymine residues equals the number of cytosine residues plus guanine residues c. in each single strand, the number of adenine residues equals the number of thymine residues d. in each single strand, the number of purine residues equals the number of pyrimidine residues e. in each single strand, the number of adenine residues equals the number of guanine residues
This is due to the fact that in a dsDNA, guanine pairs with cytosine and adenine pairs with thymine. But the mole ratio of purines in the DNA of the sample that was provided.
Is it accurate to say that the base pairs adenine and guanine make up a DNA molecule?two DNA bases. Adenine (A) and thymine (T) and cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair together in typical circumstances for nitrogen-containing bases. Adenine and thymine are always equal, but are they always paired .
Together to form the structure of DNA?Imagine a DNA strand. Adenine and thymine are always equal, as are cytosine and guanine, therefore we may calculate the percentages of each base by pairing it with a certain partner.
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the wings of birds and of bats are: a) homologous as both wings and forelimbs b) analogous as both wings and forelimbs c) homologous as wings and analogous as forelimbs d) analogous as wings and homologous as forelimbs
The bats and birds wings are b) analogous as both wings and forelimbs in both individuals.
Analogies are the end result of convergent evolution. Interestingly, aleven though fowl and bat wings are analogous as wings, as forelimbs they're analoguos. Birds and bats did now no longer inherit wings from a not unusualplace ancestor with wings, however they did inherit forelimbs from a not unusualplace ancestor with forelimbs.
Bat and fowl wings are examples of analogous structures. The wings of the bats are made from feathers that make bigger all alongside the arm. However, the wings of bats include flaps of pores and skin that reach among the bones of the hands however the wings of each organisms carry out the same characteristic of flying.
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If energy is not being used to transport the oxygen particles into the cell, what type of membrane transport is most likely taking place by a carrier protein?
A. osmosis
B. simple diffusion
C. active transport
D. facilitated diffusion
The type of transport which is most likely taking place by a carrier protein is called the facilitated diffusion.
What is facilitated diffusion?Facilitated diffusion or passive transport involves a substance diffusing down a concentration gradient across a membrane without requiring the cell to expend any energy.
A concentration gradient is simply a region of space where the concentration of a substance changes, and substances will naturally move down gradients, from a higher concentration area to a lower concentration area.
Some molecules, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, can diffuse directly across the plasma membrane, but others require assistance to cross its hydrophobic core. Molecular diffusion occurs when molecules diffuse across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane proteins such as channels and carriers.
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the ancestors of anthropoids are likely to have originated with as this fossil genus shares many skeletal features in common. a) samburupithecus b) aegyptopithecus c) carpolestes d) notharctus
The ancestors of anthropoids are likely to have originated with as this fossil genus shares many skeletal features in common aegyptopithecus.
What location was most likely the place of origin of anthropoids?Our species likely arose in many places around Africa, not just around the Kalahari Desert, critics say. A new genetic study suggests all modern humans trace our ancestry to a single spot in southern Africa 200,000 years ago.
What is distinctive about the anthropoids?Anthropoids are unique among mammals in having a thin bony partition that isolates the orbit from the temporal fossa. This partition, or postorbital septum, is formed chiefly by varying contributions from the frontal, zygomatic, and alisphenoid bones.
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arrange the steps of the contraction cycle in the correct order from left to right.
Cycle of Contraction starts. Exposure to active sites. Formation of a cross-bridge. Moving Myosin Head. Bridge Crossing Detachment Reactivation of myosin.
What is myosin and actin?Actin and myosin, two protein molecules found in muscles, are primarily responsible for the muscle contraction in both humans and animals. Actin and myosin both work by regulating the body's voluntary muscle motions.
What is myosin also known as?Referred to as actin and myosin (or thin and thick filaments, respectively). The sarcomere, which is located inside a muscle fiber between two Z lines (or Z discs), is made up of two populations of cytoskeleton that are arranged around thick myofilaments which project from opposing Z lines inside an antiparallel fashion.
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the climate envelope model assumes that an organism’s realized niche approximates its fundamental niche.
a) True
b) Fals
________ split from a common hominoid ancestor.
Humans and chimpanzees
Humans and chimpanzees
Greater apes and lesser apes
Greater apes and lesser apes
Primates and mammals
Option A, Chimpanzees and humans diverged from a single hominoid progenitor.
It has been proven via research on proteins, fossils, and genetics that chimpanzees and humans shared a common ancestor several million years ago. The majority of experts concur that the sub-group of "humans" known as hominins separated from chimpanzees and other apes between five and seven millennia ago.
The majority of molecular recorders estimated the separation between chimpanzees and humans at the time and many subsequently to have occurred only 5–6 million years ago.
An extinct hominine known as Sahelanthropus tchadensis has some features that have been argued to be consistent with the CHLCA.
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Answer:Greater apes and lesser apes
Explanation:
based on the histology of a renal tubule, which section would be most severely inhibited if simple squamous epithelium were damaged?
The section would be most severely inhibited if simple squamous epithelium were damaged in a Thin segment of the nephron loop.
The lumen consists of a simple squamous epithelium. This part of the nephron is difficult to distinguish from adjacent capillaries, except for the lack of red blood cells in the lumen. Finally, there is the distal tubule. These tubules are fewer in number than the proximal tubules.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is primarily involved in blood pressure regulation by regulating blood volume sodium reabsorption potassium secretion water reabsorption, and vascular tone. The myogenic response is the reflex response of afferent arterioles to changes in blood pressure. Increased blood pressure increases the tension in the walls of blood vessels and causes the smooth muscles of blood vessels to contract.
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what is the cupula? multiple choice question. a gelatinous cap surrounding the stereocilia and kinocilium of the hair cells a mound of hair cells within the ampulla a patch of hair cells located on the wall of the saccule a dilated sac at one end of the semicircular canal
cupula (plural cupulas or cupulae) (plural cupulas or cupulae) a dome- or cup-shaped item. (anatomy) A movable component that senses head rotation in the semicircular canals of the ampullae of the ear.
All living things keep an eye on their surroundings, and gravity and how the body is positioned in relation to it are significant elements of that environment. Additionally, creatures that move through locomotion must be able to change their orientation in response to their own movements as well as external pressures. These crucial functions are carried out by the vestibular system. It activates a number of reflex pathways that are in charge of compensatory movements and postural adjustments. In order to provide perceptions of gravity and movement, it also activates neural pathways that lead to the cupula . The Chapter's first section begins with a description of the peripheral sensory apparatus and explains how specialized receptors transduce information.
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the ocular magnification of the eyepiece on a compound microscope is 15x. the objective magnification is 40x. what is the toal magnification
To find the total magnification of a compound microscope, you need to multiply the eyepiece magnification by the objective magnification.
In this case the overall magnification is
eye piece lens × objective lens, Which is
15x ×40x = 600x
It is important to note that the overall magnification of a compound microscope depends on the combination of eyepiece and objective lenses used. For example, using a 20x eyepiece and a 40x objective, the total magnification is 20x × 40x = 800x. Using a 15x eyepiece with a 100x objective gives a total magnification of 15x ×100x = 1500x.
In this case, the total magnification is:
600x
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Which repair process in E. coli uses visible light to repair thymine dimers? Which repair process in E. coli uses visible light to repair thymine dimers?
photoreactivation repair
nonhomologous end joining
homologous recombination (synthesis-dependent strand annealing)
base excision repair
nucleotide excision repair
The bonds created during pyrimidine dimerization are repair during photoreactivation using the enzyme photolyase. The photolyase repair mechanism in E. coli binds a thymine dimer created by UV light.
Two-strand DNA damage in Escherichia coli(E. coli), which is mostly created during replication on template DNA with one-strand damage, is repaired by recombination with a homologous undamaged duplex, often the sister chromosome. DNA repair from exposure to UV light may be repaired by E. coli, which are DNA repair enzymes. Both the activation of these enzymes and the actual DNA repair process depend on visible light .
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