suppose a beaker of water is heated from the top. which is more likely to occur in the water: thermal energy transfer by conduction or convection?
Answer: convection
Explanation:
12) A solution of acetic acid, HC2H3O2, on a laboratory shelf was of undetermined concentration. If the pH of the solution was found to be 2.68, what was the concentration of the acetic acid? (Ka = 1.7 x 10-5)
HC2H3O2 (aq) + H2O(l) C2H3O2-(aq) + H3O+(aq)
The concentration of acetic acid in the solution is 0.257 M.
What is the concentration of acetic acid in the solution?The concentration of acetic acid in the solution is determined from the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation as follows:
pH = pKₐ + log ([A⁻]/[HA])where;
pKa = - log(Ka) of acetic acid[A⁻] = concentration of acetate[HA] = concentration of acetic acidpKa = - log(1.7 * 10⁻⁵)
pKa = 4.77
Equation of reaction: HC₂H₃O₂ (aq) + H₂O(l) --> C₂H₃O₂⁻ (aq) + H₃O⁺ (aq)
From the equation of reaction; [A⁻] = [H₃O⁺]
[H₃O⁺] = antilog -(pH)
[H₃O⁺] = antilog (-2.68)
[H₃O⁺] = 0.002
[A⁻] = 0.002
[HA] = [A⁻] / antilog of (pH - pKa)
[HA] = [A⁻] / antilog (2.68 - 4.77)
[HA] = 0.002 / 0.00812
[HA] = 0.257 M
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Choose the nonmetallic elements from the list. Check all that apply.
Oyttrium
oxygen
boron
Opolonium
argon
gallium
carbon
a cylinder of o2(g) used in breathing by emphysema patients has aovlume of 3.00 l at a pressure of 10.0 atm. if the temperature of the cylinder is 28.0 c, what mass of oxygen is in the cylinder
The mass of oxygen present in the emphysema patients' cylinder is 19.64grams.
The ideal gas equation is given by,
PV = nRT
P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the moles of the gas, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature of the gas.
Mole scan be written as,
Moles = mass/molar mass
Molar mass of oxygen is 16 g/mol.
Here, the volume of the gas is 3 L and the pressure of the gas is 10atm. The temperature of the gas is 298 degrees Kelvin.
Putting the values,
3 x 10 = mass/16 x 0.082 x 298
Mass = 3 x 10/298 x 16/0.082
Mass = 19.64 grams.
The mass of oxygen in the cylinder is 19.64 grams.
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why do you add 20% naoh to your hexane diamine (aqueous phase) ? group of answer choices to pull a proton off of the amine. to make the reaction turn colors. to neutralize the hcl formed. to hydrolyze the acid chloride.
When we add 20% NaOH to our hexane diamine which is in aqueous phase, Option C. nylon to neutralize the HCl formed.
The NaOH reacts with the HCl to shape salt and water. This prevents the HCl from inflicting facet reactions, along with the viable addition of HCl to a C=C if one is gift inside the molecule.
The response of adipoyl chloride with 1,6-hexanediamine to shape Nylon 6,6 is used on this test. Nylon 6,6 is consequently a copolymer made by the chemical mixture of specific monomers.The two answers aren't miscible so the reaction can most effective occur on the interface.
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hydroxylamine contains 42.41% n and 9.15% h by mass, with the remainder being oxygen. what is its empirical formula?
The empirical formula of hydroxylamine is Nitrogen 1, Hydrogen 3 and oxygen 1 (N1H3O1).
To find the empirical formula, we must first figure out the amount of oxygen present, which is equal to 100 minus the percentages of nitrogen and hydrogen present. Combining the values gives us the following outcome: The amount of oxygen present is expressed as 100 minus 42.41 and 9.15, which equals 48.44. Nitrogen is 42.41, contains 9.15 percent hydrogen, and has 48.44 percent oxygen. The smallest amount will be shared. When divided by 3.0275 and 3.0229, respectively, the least nitrogen value will equal nearly 1, which is nitrogen. 9.15 divided by 3.0275 = 3, and 3.0275 divided by 3.0275 equals 1 for oxygen and hydrogen. The nitrogen concentration in this instance is 1. 3. 1 points are needed to compare hydrogen to oxygen.
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play with the simulation to determine: a) which particles affect the stability of the atom? b) which particles do not affect the stability of the atom?
a) Neutrons or protons are the particles that have an impact on the stability of the atom.
b) Electrons are the particles that have no impact on the stability of the atom.
When an element's atoms have excess neutrons or protons, the extra energy produced in the nucleus causes the atom to lose its equilibrium or become unstable.
Whether or not an atom's outermost shell is filled with electrons determines how stable the atom is. The molecule is stable if the outer layer is full. To attain stability, vacant outer shell atoms often form chemical interactions with other atoms.
Radioactivity is the capacity of some unstable atoms to spontaneously release nuclear radiation, often in the form of alpha and beta particles associated with gamma rays. The nucleus of an atom might become unstable if there are too many neutrons or protons present.
By ejecting other particles, such as neutrons and protons, or by emitting radiation in a variety of ways, a radioactive atom will attempt to become stable. Thus, the atom's electrons are the only internal particle that has no impact on the atom's stability.
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what is the molarity of potassium acetate in a solution made by adding 50 ml of 2.00 m nitric acid with enough water to make 450.0 ml of solution?
The molarity of potassium acetate in a solution made by adding 50 ml of 2.00 m nitric acid with enough water to make 450.0 ml of solution is 0.22 mol/L.
A chemical species' concentration in a solution, specifically the amount of a solute per unit volume of solution, is measured by its molar concentration. The number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm³ in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry.
We know that, M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
Here, M₁ =?
V₁ = 450 mL
M₂ = 2 M
V₂ = 50 mL
M₁ × 450 = 2 × 50
M₁ = 100/450
M₁ = 0.22 mol / L
Thus, we need 0.22 mol/L of potassium acetate in a solution made by adding 50 ml of 2.00 m nitric acid with enough water to make 450.0 ml of solution.
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what is the relationship between the s-cis and s-trans forms of 1,3-butadiene? multiple choice constitutional isomers different conformations of the same compound diastereomers resonance forms
Answer: The s-cis conformer of 1,3-butadiene is less stable than the s-trans conformer as in the s-cis conformer both the CH2 C H 2 groups are facing in the same direction resulting in a sterically crowded structure that leads to repulsion between the hydrogen atoms attached to C1 and C4
Explanation:
the molecular mass of butanoic acid is 88.1 amu . calculate the molecular mass of ethyl acetate, an isomer of butanoic acid. express your answer with the appropriate units.
The molecular mass of ethyl acetate is 88.1 amu.
The structure formula of butanoic acid is CH3CH2CH2COOH, while structural formula of ethyl acetate is CH3COOCH2CH3. Thus, both butanoic acid and ethyl acetate have same number of constituent atoms. Therefore they have same atomic mass. Thus, molecular mass of ethyl acetate is 88.1 amu.
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how do acids and bases interact with water? how does this interaction be different for strong acids and weak acids?
Acid and Bases interact in water as they form Hydronium ion and hydroxide ions. The interaction for strong acids and weak acids produces salts.
Acid are those which have ability to dissociates into H⁺ ions. ans the bases are those which have ability to produce OH⁻ ions. when we mix acid with water it produce hydronium ions.
HCl + H₂O -----> H₃O⁺ + Cl⁻
when we mix base with water it produced hydroxide ions.
NaOH + H₂O ------> Na⁺ + OH⁻
The mixture of two acids of different will react together. while when two acids mix the reaction do not happen. when we mix weak acid with the strong acid it produces salt because weak acid have higher pH which is basic.
Thus, Acid and Bases interact in water as they form Hydronium ion and hydroxide ions. The interaction for strong acids and weak acids produces salts.
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A student builds a battery-powered car from a kit. Which series of energy transformations takes place as the car moves forward?
A:Electrical energy-Chemical energy- mechanical energy
B: Chemical energy-mechanical energy-electrical energy
C:mechanical energy-electrical energy-chemical energy
D:chemical energy-electrical energy-mechanical energy
The option A is correct , Firstly electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy via chemical energy.
The force generated by an engine powered by electricity is what propels an electric vehicle forward. These automobiles feature an original and useful design in addition to being environmentally friendly.
What is the operation of electric cars is that the electrical energy is supplied to the engine, which uses electromagnetic interactions to convert it into mechanical energy.
Energy transformations is the process of a type of energy form transforming into a new form of energy
When they enter a magnetic field, the conductive material inside them moves, and the electric current then passes through it.
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three atoms have the following ground state electron configurations. which statement regarding the atoms is true? atom 1: 1s22s22p63s23p2 atom 2: 1s22s22p63s23p5 atom 3: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 group of answer choices g
Answer:
atom1:1s22s22p63s23p2
for the titration of 20.00 ml of 0.500 m hcl with 0.500 m naoh: (2.5 pts) a. write the equation for the reaction taking place during the titration: b. calculate the ph before the addition of naoh: c. calculate the ph after the addition of 10.00 ml of 0.500 m naoh: d. calculate the ph after the addition of 20.00 ml of 0.500 m naoh: e. calculate the ph after the addition of 20.20 ml of 0.500 m naoh:
(a) The balanced chemical equation is -
NaoH + Hcl - Nacl + H2O
(b) For the pH before addition of NaoH, we need
pH = log [H+]
= -log [0.5]
=-(-0.3)
=0.3
The pH of the solution before addition of NaoH is 0.3
(c) Mole of NaoH = 0.5 x 10 = 5molar
Mole of Hcl = 0.5 x 20 = 10mili molar
Unreacted moles of Hcl = 10 -5 = 5 moles.
Total volume = 20 +10 = 30 ml
Molarity = 5 moles / 30ml = 0.166
pH = -log (0.166) = 0.77
(d) Moles of NaoH = 20 X 0.5 = 10 milli molar.
Therefore, Hcl consumed = 10 milli mole.
pH of water = [H+] = 10^-7 molar.
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Consider this reaction: A₂ + 6B --> 2AB, If B is being consumed at a rate of -3 mol/min, what rate is A being consumed?
A aggregate response is a response wherein or greater materials integrate to shape a unmarried new substance. Combination reactions also can be referred to as synthesis reactions. The standard shape of a aggregate response is: A+B→AB.
One aggregate response is factors combining to shape a compound. When or greater reactants integrate with every different to shape a brand new product it's miles referred to as as aggregate response. Combination response is likewise referred to as synthesis response. For instance hydrogen receives mixed with chlorine to from hydro-chloride.
A aggregate response is a response wherein reactants integrate to shape one product. Oxygen and the halogens are very reactive factors and are probable to go through aggregate reactions with different factors.
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Not enough data is given and i cant find a similar question.
what is the minimum light-photon energy that can dissociate a hydrogen molecule? express your answer to one significant figure and include the appropriate units.
The lowest energy of a light-photon that may split a hydrogen molecule is 7*10-19J. The energy of a quantum of light is known as a photon. Light is both a wave and a particle, according to its dual nature.
The light-photon or quanta of light are other names for the light particle. The most basic molecule is a hydrogen molecule. Electrostatic forces hold together its two protons and two electrons, which are bound together. The assemblage can exist at various energies, similar to atomic hydrogen. both para- and orthohydrogen. The energy that is equal to the minimum amount of light-photon energy is equal to the bond energy of the hydrogen molecule molecule, according to the energy diagram of hydrogen as a function of atomic separation.
Light photon energy at the minimum is 7*10-19 J.
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Which of the electron dot structures correctly illustrates diatomic nitrogen with a triple bond?.
The electron dot structure of diatomic nitrogen is N≡N.
The electron dot structure of the nitrogen molecule is attached
The atomic number = 7
Chemical symbol = N
Type of bond = Triple bond
Group = 5A
Total number of valance electrons = 5
Lewis structure:
Find the total number of valence electrons Find the number of electronsNumber of bonds in the moleculesChoosing the central atom with the highest electronegativity.Drawing the base skeletal structure.Placing the electrons as per the octet rule around the outer and central atoms.Therefore the electron dot structure is N≡N.
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how does the standard entropy of a substance depend on its molar mass? the larger the molar mass, the lower the entropy. the standard entropy of a substance does not depend on its molar mass. the larger the molar mass, the greater the entropy.
The bigger the molar mass, the greater the entropy at room temperature. When looking at the state of matter of objects, entropy generally increases with increasing molecular complexity.
What is entropy ?
Entropy, a measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature not available for useful work. Work is obtained from ordered molecular motion, the amount of entropy is also a measure of the molecular disorder or randomness of a system. The concept of entropy gives us deep insight into the direction of spontaneous change in many everyday phenomena. Introduced in 1850 by German physicist Rudolf Clausius, it is the pinnacle of 19th-century physics.
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Which element has the ground state electronic configuration, 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 ?.
The given electronic configuration is of Potassium.
The electron configuration in atomic physics and quantum chemistry refers to the arrangement of electrons in orbitals around an atomic nucleus or the distribution of electrons within an atom or molecule.
One orbital can house a maximum of two electrons, and there are four different types of orbitals (s, p, d, and f). More electrons can be held in the p, d, and f orbitals since they contain various sub levels.
Thus, the given atomic configuration is 1s²,2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p⁶4s¹.
by counting the number of electrons present in orbitals we can find out the atomic number of the atom because ,
no of electrons present = atomic number
thus, no of electrons = 2+2+6+2+6+1=19
the element with atomic number 19 is potassium.
thus, the given electronic configuration is of potassium.
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2. if an ir spectrum is recorded for 2 samples using the same sampling method, and the resulting ir spectra are identical, can we say that the two samples are identical (meaning that they are the same chemical compound)? explain your answer. 3. how could you use ir spectroscopy to distinguish between a carboxylic acid and a ketone? 4. how could you use ir spectroscopy to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone?
No, we cannot say that if the IR spectrum is recorded for 2 samples using the same sampling method then the resulting IR spectra are not identical.
Because, in general, it means they have the same functional groups but do not that they have the same chemical compound, different molecules have the same functional groups and stereochemistry is not taken into consideration so these compounds can be enantiomers.
The distinction between a carboxylic acid and a ketone using the IR spectroscopy method is that both compounds have C=O but the ketone does not have OH stretch and distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone using spectroscopy method that compounds have C=O stretch but aldehyde should have C-H stretches between the carbonyl carbon and the aldehydic Hydrogen.
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which process requires more energy, melting 380 g of ice or vaporizing 43.0 g of water? the heat of fusion of water is 79.7 cal/g and the heat of vaporization is 540 cal/g. vaporizing 43.0 g of water. melting 380 g of ice.
To vaporize 43.0 g of water, more heat needs to be given as a input for the heat of fusion of water is 79.7 cal/g and the heat of vaporization is 540 cal/g.
The necessary thermal/heat energy input is:
Q ( heat) = (mass of water)(heat of phase transition)
Given: Heat of fusion is 79.72 cal/g
So, heat needed to be supplied to melt solid ( ice) to water is +79.72 cal/g
Similarly, to freeze water to ice ( reverse of fusion), the same heat must be released, that is, heat of freezing = ( - 79.72) cal/g
Heat of vaporisation is 540 cal/g
So, 540 cal/g of heat must be supplied to vaporise water.
And heat change when steam condenses is – 540 cal/g ( - sign implies heat is released).
The question asks for input of energy. So, the corresponding heat change must be positive. Thus, the possible processes are melting and vaporizing.
To vaporize 43.0 g of water, total heat needed to be supplied = (43.0 g )(540 cal/g) = 23220 cal
To melt 380 g of ice: (380 g)(79.72 cal/g) = 30096 cal
So, to vaporize 43.0 g of water, more heat needs to be given
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matter can be broadly described as a solid, liquid, or gas. (there are more exotic states, including plasma, but we will ignore them for now.) in which phase of matter is the material that makes up the atmosphere?
All the three phases (solid, liquid, gas) of matter make up the atmosphere.
Phases are also known as state - states of matter or phases of matter. There are generally three states of matter - Solid, liquid, and gases.
Among all three gases have the lowest density as they have the weakest intermolecular forces. If gases are put in a container, then they fill up the entire volume of the container. In gases, the molecules are constantly moving and getting replaced by other gas particles.
In contrast to gases, the liquids have relatively higher intermolecular forces and are relatively dense and incompressible. In liquid we can determine the viscosity that is - the rate at which they flow.
Solids are relatively dense, rigid and have highest intermolecular force unlike liquids and solid. In solids, the molecules are compactly packed, hence preventing the molecules from moving from its place.
Complete question: -
Matter can be broadly described as a solid, liquid, or gas. (There are more exotic states, including plasma, but we will ignore them for now.) In which phase of matter is the material that makes up the atmosphere? A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. All of these
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what is the temperature of ethanol is the standard enthalpy of vaporization is 39 kj and the standard entropy of vaporization is 110 j/k?
The temperature of ethanol is 354 ⁰C if the standard enthalpy of vaporization is 39 kjmol⁻¹ and the standard entropy of vaporization is 110 j/k
How is the temperature of Ethanol calculated?The change in entropy is calculated as:
ΔS = ΔH/T
Here,
ΔS is change in entropy
ΔH is the enthalpy
T is the temperature
We have,
ΔS = 110 j/k
ΔH = 39 kjmol⁻¹ = 39000 jmol⁻¹
Therefore,
T = ΔH/ΔS
T = 39000/110
Hence, the temperature of ethanol is T = 354 ⁰C
What is entropy?Entropy is the amount of available energy equal to the thermal energy of a system per unit temperature. Evaporative entropy is the ratio of the heat of vaporization to the heat of boiling. The standard entropy of vaporization of ethanol is +115 J/mol.K.
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Rationalize the order of elution of the two compounds you isolated from the column in this experiment.
Hexane is initially employed as the eluting solvent to remove the bibenzyl. The bibenzyl will be eluted first because the nonpolar molecule is particularly soluble in hexane (a nonpolar solvent) .
What is called a compound?A mixture in chemistry is a material comprised of two or more separate chemical elements mixed together in a certain proportion. Chemical connections that are challenging to break are created when the components interact with one another. These bonds result in the development of atoms sharing or trading electrons.
Is an element a compound?Pure components and compounds can be found in nature. A element is formed up of many elements in a predetermined ratio, as opposed to an element, which is a substance comprised of the same sort of atoms.
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Many alcohols, including ethanol, are soluble in water.
Explain, with the aid of a diagram, why ethanol is soluble in water.
Include relevant dipoles and lone pairs.
Answer:
because ethanol is polar
Explanation:
polar dissolves in polar. Ethanol has a hydroxyl(-OH) functional group in it.
Due to the presence of a bond between electronegative atom oxygen and hydrogen, the O-H bond acquires polarity.
Hence, due to the presence of polarity in O-H bond, it forms a Hydrogen bond with water which is responsible for the responsibility of ethanol in water.
Balancing Chemical Equations and Identifying Types of Reactions Assignment.
10th grade Chemistry.
Answer:
how are you doing, please kindly help me with my homework
what is the percent by mass (m/m%) of ethanol (c2h6o) solution that was prepared by dissolving 50.500 g of ethanol into water to a final volume of 750.0 ml? assume the solution has a density of 1.20 g/ml.
The (m/m%) concentration of ethanol is the solution is 5.55%.
The density of the solution is given to be 1.20 g/ml. The volume of the solution is 750 ml.
We know,
Density = mass/volume
Mass of solution = Density of solution x Volume of solution
Mass of solution = 1.2 x 750
Mass of solution = 900 grams.
The mass of solute, ethanol is 50 grams.
So, (m/m%) of ethanol is,
(m/m%) of ethanol = Mass of ethanol/mass of solution x 100
(m/m%) of ethanol = 50/900 x 100
(m/m%) of ethanol = 5.55%.
So, the (m/m%) of ethanol is 5.55%.
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what single qualitative test from this module could be employed to distinguish between t-butyl chloride and n-butyl chloride? state which compound would come out positive and what would be the indicatio
T-butyl chloride changes its ppt formed and color more quickly with ague and an indicator than other chlorides do.
The hydrant A color shift was caused by the addition of AgNO3 when a product like Hl reacted with the acid-base indicator MethyL red. The released chloride ion was found by Agel precipitation at ambient temperature. Both a color change in an indicator and a precipitate format positively confirmed that the reactivity order in both cases is t-butyl chloride > n-butyl chloride. As a result, t-butyl chloride changes its ppt formed and color more quickly with ague and an indicator than other chlorides do.
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Brainliest. Help please
Answer:
Sulphate ion
Explanation:
Zinc will undergoes oxidation. Zn2+ - - > Zn + 2e-
Copper will undergoes reduction. Cu2+ + 2e- - - > Cu
suppose you need 100 ml of a 0.00046 m solution for an experiment. you are given 10 ml of a 4.6 m stock solution. what is the best method to get the final volume and concentration you need?
Dilute solution is the best method to get the final volume and concentration as we need.
Dilution is "the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution by simply adding more solvent to the solution, eg. water." To dilute a solution, add solvent without adding solute. Adding water to a concentrated solution to achieve the required concentration is a common way to create a solution of a specific concentration. Dilution is the technical term for this process. Dilution can also be achieved by mixing high and low concentration solutions. Stock solutions are often purchased and stored at high concentrations, requiring dilution of the solution as a laboratory procedure. Solutions must be accurately diluted to known low concentrations prior to laboratory use.
Dilution Formula
Dilution is the process of adding solvent to a solution to reduce the concentration of solutes.
molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution
moles of solute = (molarity)(liters of solution)
moles of solute = MV
The initial and final conditions are expressed numerically,
M₁V₁= M₂V₂
In form of concentration equation will write as C₁V₁= C₂V₂
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