Hisham's model falls into the dummy variable trap, a situation in a regression analysis where multicollinearity arises from the inclusion of a dummy variable for every category of a categorical variable.
(a) The problem with Hisham's model is that it falls into the dummy variable trap because it includes a dummy variable for each category of race. This leads to perfect multicollinearity, which can distort the interpretation of estimated coefficients and affect model accuracy. (b) The dummy variable trap occurs when multiple dummy variables representing all categories of a categorical variable are included in a model, causing perfect multicollinearity. (c) Hisham can avoid this trap by excluding one dummy variable, effectively making it the reference category, or by employing regularization techniques. (d) A corrected model could look like this: mental_health = β0 + β1*Black + β2*Hispanic + β3*Other. (e) In this corrected model, β0 is the mean mental health score for Whites (reference group), β1 is the difference in mean mental health score between Blacks and Whites, β2 is the difference for Hispanics compared to Whites, and β3 is the difference for the 'Other' category compared to Whites.
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Mr Rabbit, Mr Bear and Mr Fox go to town. A new bakery has just opened, and in an attempt to attract awareness, it is offering free unlimited samples of its chocolate chip cookies. However, the free cookies can only be consumed in-store (you cannot take them home). -Mr Rabbit ate 10 cookies and then stopped -Mr. Bear ate 25 cookies before he stopped, then bought a milkshake. -Mr. Fox had 30 cookies and then stopped. The owner of the bakery, Mr. Turtle, said "I am glad you like the cookies!" Here's is a funny story about my muffins...last week, I dropped the price on muffins 20% but I only sold 20% more! In the end, the muffin sales were the same as if they were normally priced!! Briefly explain your answer to the questions below: [You can answer in MS WORD and submit file here) a) who got to zero marginal utility for the cookies first? b) Mr Bear still was not full after 25 cookies, since he paid for a milkshake. Why would he pay for a milkshake when he could keep eating cookies for free? c) What kind of price elasticity is Mr Turtle seeing on his muffins?
a) Mr Rabbit got to zero marginal utility for the cookies first because he ate 10 cookies and then stopped eating.
b) Mr Bear may have wanted to try something different and would have wanted to support the bakery by purchasing a drink while taking advantage of the free cookies.
c) Mr Turtle is seeing unitary price elasticity on his muffins.
a) Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction gained from consuming one more unit of a good or service. The more a person consumes a good or service, the less marginal utility they receive from each additional unit consumed. Once the marginal utility reaches zero, the consumer stops consuming the good or service.
b) Mr Bear may have wanted to try something different, such as a milkshake, or he may have been full from the cookies and wanted a different drink to complement his consumption. Alternatively, he may have wanted to support the bakery by purchasing a drink while taking advantage of the free cookies. Furthermore, the marginal utility of cookies had become zero for Mr. Bear, and he sought a different type of consumption.
c) Mr Turtle is seeing unitary price elasticity on his muffins. Elasticity of demand is the measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good or service changes when its price changes. If the quantity demanded of a good or service changes significantly when its price changes, it is considered elastic. In contrast, if the quantity demanded of a good or service changes little when its price changes, it is considered inelastic. If the percentage change in the quantity demanded is equal to the percentage change in the price, it is considered unitary elasticity. When Mr. Turtle lowered the price of his muffins by 20%, the quantity demanded increased by 20%, resulting in a total revenue that was equal to what it would have been if the price had not been lowered. This indicates that the elasticity of demand for Mr. Turtle's muffins is unitary.
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ABC just paid an annual divided of $2.75 per share, with a plan to increase it by 2% per year indefinitely.What is ABC's cost of equity if its current stock price is $57.65?(Round your answer to the nearest hundredth; two decimal places)
Given that ABC just paid an annual dividend of $2.75 per share, with a plan to increase it by 2% per year indefinitely. we get the value of cost of equity for ABC as 9.06% (approx).
we are to find the cost of equity, if its current stock price is $57.65.The cost of equity is the required rate of return an investor expects to get from investing in a firm's equity. It represents the compensation a firm's equity shareholders demand for their investment. The dividend growth model provides us with an expression to calculate the cost of equity of a firm. According to this model, the cost of equity can be calculated using the formula given below:$$r_{s} = \frac {D_{1}} {P_{0}} + g$$where,$r_s$ = cost of equity$D_1$ = dividend expected at the end of year 1$P_0$ = current market price of the stockg = growth rate of dividendsThe dividend expected at the end of year 1 can be calculated by multiplying the current dividend by (1 + g).
The growth rate of dividends is given as 2% per year indefinitely. Now, as per the question, the current stock price is $57.65 and the current dividend is $2.75 per share.Therefore, we have:$$D_{1} = D_{0} \times (1 + g)$$$$\Rightarrow D_{1} = 2.75 \times (1 + 0.02)$$$$\Rightarrow D_{1} = 2.80$$Now, putting the given values in the formula of cost of equity we get, $$r_{s} = \frac {2.80} {57.65} + 0.02$$$$\ Rightarrow r_{s} = 0.0706 + 0.02$$$$\Rightarrow r_{s} = 0.0906$$Therefore, the cost of equity for ABC is 9.06% (approx). The cost of equity is the required rate of return an investor expects to get from investing in a firm's equity. It represents the compensation a firm's equity shareholders demand for their investment. The cost of equity can be calculated using the dividend growth model.
The dividend growth model has been used to calculate the cost of equity. Also, all the necessary terms and formulas have been used. The answer has been rounded off to two decimal places. ABC just paid an annual dividend of $2.75 per share, with a plan to increase it by 2% per year indefinitely. According to this model, the cost of equity can be calculated using the formula given below:$$r_{s} = \frac {D_{1}} {P_{0}} + g$$where,$r_s$ = cost of equity$D_1$ = dividend expected at the end of year 1$P_0$ = current market price of the stockg = growth rate of dividendsUsing the given values, the dividend expected at the end of year 1 has been calculated as $2.80 and the growth rate of dividends has been taken as 2% per year indefinitely. Putting these values in the formula of cost of equity, we get the value of cost of equity for ABC as 9.06% (approx).
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Consider the following information which relates to a closed economy without a government:
Consumption (C + cYd) : 375 + 0.6Yd
Investment (I) : 140
Full employment level of income (Yf) : 2 000
Q: Calculate the equilibrium level of income.
The equilibrium level of income in the closed economy without a government is 1,800.
How is the equilibrium level of income determined in a closed economy without a government?In a closed economy without a government, the equilibrium level of income is determined by the equality of total income (Y) and total expenditure (E). Total expenditure consists of consumption (C), investment (I), and disposable income (Yd). Given the consumption function (C + cYd) and investment level (I), we can calculate the equilibrium level of income.
To find the equilibrium, we set total expenditure (E) equal to total income (Y):
E = C + I + Yd
E = 375 + 0.6Yd + 140 + Yd (Substituting the given values for consumption and investment)
E = 515 + 1.6Yd
Since we are looking for equilibrium, we know that Y = E. Therefore:
Y = 515 + 1.6Yd
At equilibrium, disposable income (Yd) equals total income (Y). In a closed economy without a government, this is also the case. Therefore, we substitute Y for Yd:
Y = 515 + 1.6Y
Now, we solve for Y by subtracting 1.6Y from both sides:
Y - 1.6Y = 515
-0.6Y = 515
Y = 515 / -0.6
Y ≈ 858.33
However, the full employment level of income (Yf) is given as 2,000. In equilibrium, total income (Y) will be equal to the full employment level of income. Therefore, the equilibrium level of income is 1,800 (as it is less than the full employment level).
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2. With a 12 % reserve requirement ratio, calculate the maximum amount SNB could lend when a $ 8000 deposit is made into SNB.
The maximum amount the SNB could lend, given an $8000 deposit and a 12% reserve requirement ratio, is $7040.
To calculate the maximum amount the SNB (Simple National Bank) could lend with a 12% reserve requirement ratio, we need to determine the amount of reserves that the bank is required to hold and then calculate the maximum lending amount based on the remaining funds.
1. Required Reserves = Deposit * Reserve Requirement Ratio
Required Reserves = $8000 * 0.12
Required Reserves = $960
2. Maximum Lending Amount = Deposit - Required Reserves
Maximum Lending Amount = $8000 - $960
Maximum Lending Amount = $7040
Considering an $8000 deposit and a reserve requirement ratio of 12%, the maximum lending capacity of the SNB amounts to $7040.
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Suppose there are two firms, Walmart and Tesla. Both firms have the same cash flows in year 1 : $275M if the economy is strong, and $150M if the economy is weak. Both scenarios are equally likely. The firms are identical except for their capital structure. Tesla is unlevered (i.e. has no debt) and has 5M shares outstanding which are currently trading at a market price of $41. Walmart has corporate bonds outstanding with a market value of $100M and a credit rating of AAA, as well as 10M shares at a current market price of $10.00. You can ignore taxes. a) What is the market capitalization and D/E ratio of Walmart and Tesla? b) Does M&M proposition I hold? Explain. c) Suppose you can borrow at the risk-free interest rate of 5%. Is there an arbitrage opportunity available using homemade leverage? If yes, present a detailed strategy to exploit the arbitrage opportunity. d) What is the expected rate of return of Walmart's equity? e) What is going to happen to Walmart's and Tesla's stock prices if many traders execute the arbitrage strategy you proposed in (c)? Explain.
a) To calculate the market capitalization and D/E ratio of Walmart and Tesla, we need to consider the information provided.
For Walmart:
- Number of shares outstanding: 10 million
- Current market price per share: $10.00
- Market capitalization: Number of shares outstanding x Current market price per share
For Tesla:
- Number of shares outstanding: 5 million
- Current market price per share: $41.00
- Market capitalization: Number of shares outstanding x Current market price per share
The D/E ratio is the ratio of total debt to total equity. Since Tesla is unlevered (no debt), its D/E ratio is 0. For Walmart, we need to consider the market value of the corporate bonds outstanding.
b) M&M proposition I states that the market value of a firm's assets is independent of its capital structure. In this case, since the firms have the same cash flows, their market capitalization should be the same regardless of their capital structure. If the market values of the bonds and stocks are correct, then M&M proposition I holds.
c) To determine if there is an arbitrage opportunity using homemade leverage, we compare the borrowing cost to the risk-free interest rate of 5%. If the borrowing cost is lower, an arbitrage opportunity exists.
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A marketing plan is a separate document detailing a firm's entire product lineup or a single product. The marketing plan must be consistent and supportive of the larger organizational strategic plan. On a group basis, please research a company of your choice having business in international markets, and discuss the elements of its marketing plan as such: 1) Executive Summary. (4 Marks) 2) Current Marketing Situation (6 Marks) a. SWOT 3) Objectives and Issues. (6 Marks) 4) Marketing Strategy. (6 Marks) 5) Action Programs. (6 Marks) 6) Budgets. (6 Marks) 7) Controls. (6 Marks)
Creating a marketing plan involves carefully analyzing the different elements that contribute to a company's marketing strategy.
These components include the executive summary, current marketing situation, objectives and issues, marketing strategy, action programs, budgets, and controls.
The executive summary provides a brief overview of the main points of the marketing plan. The current marketing situation explores the SWOT analysis, highlighting the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Objectives and issues state the marketing goals and potential challenges. The marketing strategy outlines how the objectives will be achieved. Action programs detail the specific steps to implement the strategy. The budget specifies the financial allocation, while controls ensure that the plan is being properly executed and monitored.
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What is the percent change in the per-unit profit contribution generated by each alternative in part (d)?
To calculate the percent change in the per-unit profit contribution, you need the initial per-unit profit contribution and the final per-unit profit contribution for each alternative in part (d). Subtract the initial value from the final value, divide by the initial value, and then multiply by 100 to get the percent change.
You will need the initial per-unit profit contribution and the final per-unit profit contribution for each option. Start by subtracting the initial value from the final value to find the difference. Then, divide this difference by the initial value. Finally, multiply the result by 100 to obtain the percent change.
By calculating the percent change, you can assess how much the per-unit profit contribution has increased or decreased between the initial and final values. This provides valuable insights into the relative performance and profitability of each alternative, allowing for informed decision-making based on the observed changes in the per-unit profit contribution.
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In an exponential smoothing model, the alpha value lies between 1) 0 and 200 2) 1 and 2 3) 0 and 1 4) None of the above
In an exponential smoothing model, the alpha value typically lies between 0 and 1. The correct answer is 3) 0 and 1.
In exponential smoothing, the alpha value represents the smoothing factor or weight assigned to the most recent observation. It determines the rate at which the forecast is updated based on new data. The alpha value is a parameter that ranges from 0 to 1, inclusively.
When the alpha value is closer to 1, the model gives more weight to recent observations, resulting in a more responsive forecast that quickly adapts to changes in the data. On the other hand, when the alpha value is closer to 0, the model puts more emphasis on historical observations, resulting in a smoother and less responsive forecast.
Choosing the appropriate alpha value depends on the characteristics of the data and the desired level of responsiveness in the forecast. By adjusting the alpha value, analysts can control the trade-off between capturing short-term fluctuations and considering long-term trends in the data.
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Assume to start out with that the economy of Freedonia is at potential output. The inflation rate is 2%, the natural rate of unemployment is 5%. Assume that the marginal product of capital is 3% and that b=2 and v=1/2. You will need graphs and equations to answer these questions.
a- Now assume the country of Sylvania declares war on Freedonia. In response, Freedonia increases government spending by 10 percentage points above its long run share of output. What will this do to the economy?
b-. What will this do to unemployment, the inflation rate and the change in inflation?
c-. If the Central Bank of Freedonia (CBF) does not change the nominal interest rate what will happen to the real interest rate after war preparations start?
d. Will the CBF want to raise the real rate? Why or why not? If it does, what does it need to increase the real rate to bring the economy back to potential? What will the nominal rate have to be?
a) Increased government spending expands the economy, potentially raising output above potential. b) Unemployment may decrease, inflation may rise, and the change in inflation depends on multiple factors. c) the real interest rate would decrease as inflation rises. d) To bring the economy back to potential.
a) Increased government spending by 10 percentage points above its long-run share of output will lead to an expansionary fiscal policy. It will increase aggregate demand in the economy, potentially causing output to rise above potential.
b) As a result of increased government spending, unemployment is likely to decrease below the natural rate in the short term, leading to lower unemployment. The inflation rate may also rise due to the increased aggregate demand. The change in inflation would depend on the magnitude of the initial inflation rate, the output gap, and other factors.
c) If the Central Bank of Freedonia does not change the nominal interest rate, the real interest rate (adjusted for inflation) would decrease as inflation rises due to increased government spending and aggregate demand. The real interest rate is inversely related to inflation.
d) The CBF may want to raise the real interest rate to counteract the potential inflationary pressures resulting from increased government spending. To bring the economy back to potential, the CBF would need to increase the real interest rate. The nominal interest rate would need to be increased by at least the amount of expected inflation to achieve a higher real interest rate. The specific nominal interest rate required would depend on the magnitude of the inflationary pressures and other factors affecting the economy.
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what does the days' sales in receivables ratio measure for a firm? A) The number of days it takes to generate dollar sales equal to the outstanding accounts receivable balance. B) The number of days it would take to collect outstanding receivables. C) The number of days it takes for a firm to pay its bills assuming no new payables are created. (D) The number of times during the year a firm collects and reloans its receivables. E) The number of days it takes before the firm's working capital becomes negative
The Days' sales in receivables ratio measure the number of days it would take to collect outstanding receivables. Therefore, the correct option is B.
The days' sales in receivables ratio is a solvency ratio that measures the average number of days it takes a firm to collect on its credit sales. It is calculated by dividing the accounts receivable by the daily credit sales. It helps the analyst to determine the length of time it takes a company to collect its credit sales.
The lower the ratio, the better the company is performing. A lower ratio implies that the company has better cash flow and is collecting its accounts receivable more quickly.
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Soon the economy is operating at 10 billion less than the long run equilibrium and the reserve requirement is 25% describe the process the fed uses to determine the amount of bonds to buy when pursuing expansionary monetary policy
Consider what you learned in the experience and respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: - Which HR competency do you feel is your strongest based on your work experiences? - Based on your work experiences, which competency would you like to improve upon? - How could you improve on your weakest competency? What experience might help?
Based on work experience, the strongest HR competency is communication skills, while the competency that needs improvement is strategic thinking.
Strongest HR Competency: Communication Skills
From my work experiences, I have consistently demonstrated strong communication skills. I have effectively conveyed information, ideas, and feedback to individuals and teams, both verbally and in writing. I have been able to establish clear and concise communication channels, ensuring that all stakeholders are well-informed and engaged. Active listening, empathy, and the ability to adapt communication styles to different audiences have been key strengths in my HR role. These skills have enabled me to foster positive relationships, resolve conflicts, and facilitate productive collaborations within the organization.
Competency to Improve: Strategic Thinking
Based on my work experiences, I believe that strategic thinking is a competency that I would like to further develop. While I have been successful in executing HR initiatives and addressing immediate needs, I recognize the importance of taking a more proactive and long-term approach. Enhancing my strategic thinking skills would involve analyzing organizational goals, aligning HR strategies with business objectives, and anticipating future trends and challenges. This competency would enable me to contribute to the overall strategic direction of the organization and effectively plan for the future.
To improve on my weakest competency, I can engage in various activities and experiences. This may include seeking mentorship or guidance from experienced HR professionals who excel in strategic thinking. Additionally, attending workshops, webinars, or training programs focused on strategic HR management would provide valuable insights and practical tools. Actively seeking opportunities to work on cross-functional projects or participating in strategic planning sessions within the organization would also enhance my understanding of the business and contribute to developing my strategic thinking skills. Continuous learning, self-reflection, and seeking feedback from colleagues and supervisors would be essential in this improvement process.
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When a commercial bank makes loans, it creates money; when loans are repaid, money is destroyed.
This assignment has a value of 50 points and requires elaboration and citing of your research/resources. This paper should be 1.5 -2.0 pages of 12 point font, Times Roman, Single-Spaced. While this statement is short, the analysis can be as vast as you make it. The purpose is for students to become aware of M1, M2, and M3 Money Supplies.
Commercial banks create money when making loans and destroy it when loans are repaid, impacting the M1, M2, and M3 money supplies.
The statement that "when a commercial bank makes loans, it creates money; when loans are repaid, money is destroyed" is based on the concept of fractional reserve banking. Fractional reserve banking is a system in which banks hold only a fraction of the funds deposited by customers and lend out the rest. This system allows banks to create money through the process of lending.
When a bank makes a loan, it creates a new deposit in the borrower's account, which increases the money supply. This new deposit is a liability of the bank, and the loan is an asset. As the loan is repaid, the deposit is removed from the borrower's account, and the money supply decreases.
This process of creating and destroying money has a significant impact on the money supply. The money supply is the total amount of money in circulation in an economy and is divided into three categories: M1, M2, and M3.
M1 includes currency, demand deposits, and other checkable deposits. These are the most liquid forms of money and are used for transactions.
M2 includes M1 plus savings deposits, time deposits, and money market mutual funds. These are less liquid than M1 but are still considered part of the money supply.
M3 includes M2 plus large time deposits, institutional money market funds, and other large liquid assets. This is the broadest measure of the money supply.
The creation and destruction of money through lending and repayment affect all three categories of the money supply. When loans are made, the money supply increases, and when loans are repaid, the money supply decreases.
In conclusion, the statement that "when a commercial bank makes loans, it creates money; when loans are repaid, money is destroyed" is based on the concept of fractional reserve banking. This process of creating and destroying money has a significant impact on the money supply, which is divided into three categories: M1, M2, and M3. Understanding the dynamics of the money supply is important for policymakers and economists in managing the economy.
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"Your Engine or Mine" is a local manufacturer of four-stroke single-cylinder engines in College Station. This year (year 1), the cost for machining the engine block is $600. The company expects this cost to decrease based on a new law passed by the US Congress. If the cost in year two and each year thereafter decreases by $50, what is the equivalent annual cost for four years at an interest rate of 10% per year compounded quarterly?
Given that the cost decreases by $50 each year and the interest rate is 10% per year compounded quarterly is $525.
The equivalent annual cost for machining the engine block over four years can be calculated by finding the present value of the costs and distributing them evenly over the four-year period.
Given that the cost for machining the engine block in year 1 is $600, and it decreases by $50 each year, the costs for years 2, 3, and 4 will be $550, $500, and $450, respectively.
To calculate the equivalent annual cost, we divide the total cost over four years by four.
Total cost = $600 + $550 + $500 + $450 = $2,100
Equivalent annual cost = Total cost / Number of years = $2,100 / 4 = $525. Therefore, the equivalent annual cost for machining the engine block over four years at an interest rate of 10% per year compounded quarterly is $525.
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Consider the following information which relates to a closed economy without a government:
Consumption (C + cYd) : 375 + 0.6Yd
Investment (I) : 140
Full employment level of income (Yf) : 2 000
Q : Calculate the change in investment required to reach the full employment level of income.
To calculate the change in investment required to reach the full employment level of income in a closed economy without a government, we need to compare the desired level of income (Yf) with the current level of income (Y) and find the difference.
The desired level of income (Yf) is given as 2,000.
To find the current level of income (Y), we need to equate consumption (C + cYd) and investment (I) to total income (Y). From the given information, we know that consumption is 375 + 0.6Yd and investment is 140.
Equating consumption and investment to total income, we have:
375 + 0.6Yd + 140 = Y
Simplifying the equation, we get:
515 + 0.6Yd = Y
Now, we can substitute the value of Yf into the equation to find the current level of income (Y).
515 + 0.6Yd = 2,000
Solving for Yd, we find:
0.6Yd = 2,000 - 515
0.6Yd = 1,485
Yd = 1,485 / 0.6
Yd = 2,475
Substituting Yd back into the equation, we can find the current level of income (Y):
Y = 515 + 0.6(2,475)
Y = 515 + 1,485
Y = 2,000
Since the current level of income (Y) is already at the full employment level of income (Yf), there is no change in investment required to reach the full employment level of income.
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Consider a European put option and a European call option on a $70 nondividend-paying stock. Both options have 6 months remaining and both have a $75 strike price. The risk-free interest rate is 5% CCAR. a. The market price of the call is $6. Calculate the no-arb price for the put. b. Which of the options is in-themoney? Which is out-of-the-money? Under the no-arb condition, is the call or the put more expensive? c. Describe the likely actions of an arbitrageur now and at time T if the quoted market price of the put is $8. d. Now as assume the quoted market price of the put is $8.00. Calculate the no-arb price of the call. e. Describe the likely actions of an arbitrageur now and at time T if the quoted market price of the call is $6.
A European put option is a type of option that gives the holder the right but not the obligation to sell the underlying asset for a certain price (strike price) at any time before the expiration date. A European call option, on the other hand, gives the holder the right but not the obligation to purchase the underlying asset for a certain price (strike price) at any time before the expiration date.
a. The market price of the call option is $6. To calculate the no-arb price of the put option, we can use the put-call parity formula. According to the put-call parity, the price of a European put option and a European call option on the same underlying asset with the same expiration date and strike price should be related as follows:C + PV(X) = P + SHere, C = Market price of the European call optionPV(X) = Present value of the strike priceX = Strike priceP = No-arbitrage price of the European put optionS = Current market price of the underlying asset
To calculate the no-arb price of the put, we can rearrange this formula as:P = C + PV(X) - SSubstituting the given values, we get:P = 6 + (75/1.05) - 70P = $11.43Therefore, the no-arb price of the put option is $11.43.b. The European put option is in-the-money if the current market price of the underlying asset is less than the strike price. Here, the strike price is $75 and the current market price is $70. Hence, the put option is in-the-money. On the other hand, the European call option is out-of-the-money if the current market price of the underlying asset is less than the strike price.
So, the call option is out-of-the-money. Under the no-arb condition, the call option and the put option should have the same price. But from the given market prices, we can see that the call option is more expensive than the put option. This violates the no-arb condition.c. If the quoted market price of the put option is $8, it is overpriced compared to the no-arb price of $11.43. An arbitrageur can follow the following steps to make a riskless profit:- The arbitrageur can short sell the overpriced put option and receive $8.
In conclusion, we can see that the put-call parity formula is a useful tool to calculate the no-arb prices of European call and put options. An arbitrageur can make a riskless profit by exploiting any deviation from the no-arb condition. In the given scenario, we saw how an arbitrageur can make a riskless profit by short selling an overpriced put option and purchasing the underlying asset or by purchasing an underpriced call option and selling a synthetic call option.
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(a) A phone company has determined its price-demand function for a certain product is given by p(x)=200−0.5x and the total cost of the production of the product is given by C(x)=1400+55x. (i) Determine the revenue function, R(x). (ii) What is the maximum revenue that the company can realize? (iii) Using algebra, find the break-even values for the product. (iv) State the outguts for the company to achieve a loss. (b) Daniel invested a sum of money at an annual interest rate of 12% compounded continuously. After 42 months the balance in the account is $3300. Determine the value of the initial irvestment. (c) Jasmin deposits $600 at the end of each month into her savings account. If the amount earns 5.25% compounded monthly, how much money will she have in 6 years?
(a) (i) The revenue function, R(x), is given by R(x) = x * p(x), where p(x) is the price-demand function. Substituting the given price-demand function, we have R(x) = x * (200 - 0.5x).
(ii) To find the maximum revenue, we need to determine the value of x that maximizes the revenue function. By analyzing the quadratic function R(x), we can see that it has a maximum point. The maximum revenue is achieved when x = 200, resulting in R(200) = 200 * (200 - 0.5 * 200) = $20,000.
(iii) To find the break-even values, we set the revenue equal to the total cost. So, we solve the equation R(x) = C(x). By substituting the revenue and cost functions, we get x * (200 - 0.5x) = 1400 + 55x. Solving this quadratic equation will yield the break-even values for the product.
(iv) To achieve a loss, the total cost (C(x)) would need to exceed the revenue (R(x)). Hence, when C(x) > R(x), the company would experience a loss.
(b) To determine the value of the initial investment, we can use the continuous compound interest formula A = P * e^(rt). Given the final balance ($3300), the annual interest rate (12%), and the time in years (3.5), we can calculate the initial investment (P) by dividing $3300 by e^(0.12 * 3.5).
(c) Jasmin's savings account earns compound interest at a rate of 5.25% per year, compounded monthly. To calculate the amount of money she will have after 6 years, we can use the compound interest formula FV = P * (1 + r/n)^(nt). Here, P is the monthly deposit ($600), r is the annual interest rate (5.25%), n is the number of times interest is compounded per year (12 for monthly compounding), and t is the number of years (6). Plugging in these values will give us the total amount of money Jasmin will have in her savings account after 6 years.
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Question 2
1 pts
Which of the following statements is FALSE
Treasury Bills are very short term investments issued by the US Treasury
TIPS are inflation protected securities where-in the Principal (face value) changes depending on the prevailing inflation rate
"Market risk" refers to the risk of the being in the market versus in a risk-free asset such as Cash
"Liquidity" refers to the potential for an investment to grow in value over time
The statement that is FALSE is "Liquidity" refers to the potential for an investment to grow in value over time. Treasury Bills are short-term securities issued by the US government to fund its short-term debt obligations.
Treasury Bills (T-bills) are sold at a discount and redeemed at face value at maturity. They are regarded as one of the safest and most stable investments, as they are supported by the government's credit rating.TIPS:TIPS are inflation-protected securities in which the principal (face value) changes depending on the prevailing inflation rate. They are a low-risk investment since they are guaranteed by the US government. In terms of interest, they pay a fixed rate, but the principal value is adjusted to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
Market Risk: Market risk refers to the potential for an investment's value to fluctuate due to market conditions, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, or stock prices. In a declining market, market risk is a considerable concern since it indicates that an investment's value might rapidly decline.
Liquidity: Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset can be converted into cash without incurring a significant loss in value. An asset that is readily traded and has a high trading volume is regarded as highly liquid, whereas an asset that is tough to sell and has a low trading volume is regarded as illiquid. The potential for an investment to grow in value over time has nothing to do with liquidity, thus this statement is false.
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there are 10 books. Four of which are fiction books and the other six are non fiction books. Of the six non-fiction books, three of them are biographies. If someone want to choose three books. What is the possibility that he selects at least one fiction book and at most one biography.
The probability that the person selects at least one fiction book and at most one biography out of the three chosen books is 0.25 or 25%.
To find the probability of selecting at least one fiction book and at most one biography, we need to calculate the favorable outcomes and the total possible outcomes.
Total possible outcomes = Number of ways to choose 3 books out of 10 = C(10, 3) = 120
Favorable outcomes:
Case 1: Selecting 1 fiction book and 2 non-fiction books (excluding biographies)
Number of ways to choose 1 fiction book = C(4, 1) = 4
Number of ways to choose 2 non-fiction books (excluding biographies) = C(6-3, 2) = C(3, 2) = 3
Total number of favorable outcomes for this case = 4 * 3 = 12
Case 2: Selecting 2 fiction books and 1 non-fiction book (excluding biographies)
Number of ways to choose 2 fiction books = C(4, 2) = 6
Number of ways to choose 1 non-fiction book (excluding biographies) = C(6-3, 1) = C(3, 1) = 3
Total number of favorable outcomes for this case = 6 * 3 = 18
Total number of favorable outcomes = Number of favorable outcomes in Case 1 + Number of favorable outcomes in Case 2 = 12 + 18 = 30
Now, we can calculate the probability:
Probability = (Number of favorable outcomes) / (Total possible outcomes)
= 30 / 120
= 0.25
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You are planning on acquiring a machine for a business that you have just started. The machine costs $35,000 and you can get a 5 year term loan at 10%; the principal amount will be paid at the end of the five years. The machine will be depreciated at a rate of $6,000 every year. At the end of 5 years, the machine will have a value of $5,000. The manufacturer of the equipment is willing to lease the machine for $8,000 a year, with lease payments due at the end of the year. If the firm leases it will acquire the machine for $5,000 at the end of 5 years. This cost of $5000 already accounts for related future depreciation tax savings. The tax rate for your business is 35%. Should you buy or lease? What is the cost of buying? What is the Cost of leasing? What is the NAL?
Based on the given information, the business should lease the machine as it results in a lower net cost compared to buying.
The cost of buying the machine can be calculated by considering the initial cost, annual depreciation, and the salvage value. The cost of buying is the sum of the initial cost ($35,000), the annual depreciation tax savings (35% of $6,000 per year for 5 years), and the salvage value ($5,000).
On the other hand, the cost of leasing the machine is the total lease payments ($8,000 per year for 5 years). To determine the Net Advantage to Leasing (NAL), we compare the present value of the costs of buying and leasing.
This involves discounting the future cash flows using the appropriate discount rate. Since the loan interest rate is not provided, we'll assume it to be the same as the discount rate.
By calculating the present value of the costs associated with buying and leasing and comparing them, the NAL can be determined. If the NAL is positive, it indicates that leasing is more advantageous, whereas a negative NAL favors buying.
To provide an accurate calculation of the cost of buying, cost of leasing, and NAL, we would need the loan interest rate or the discount rate.
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Based on the given information, you should lease the machine as it results in a lower net advantage than buying. The cost of buying the machine is $35,000, the cost of leasing is $40,000 ($8,000 per year for 5 years), and the Net Advantage to Leasing (NAL) is negative, indicating that buying is more costly than leasing.
To determine the cost of buying, we need to consider the initial cost of the machine ($35,000) and the depreciation expense ($6,000 per year for 5 years). Thus, the cost of buying is $35,000 + ($6,000 × 5) = $65,000.
For leasing, the annual lease payment is $8,000, which is paid for 5 years. Additionally, at the end of 5 years, there is a cost of $5,000 to acquire the machine.
This cost of $5,000 already accounts for the related future depreciation tax savings. Therefore, the total cost of leasing is $8,000 × 5 + $5,000 = $45,000.
To compare buying and leasing, we calculate the Net Advantage to Leasing (NAL). NAL is determined by subtracting the cost of buying from the cost of leasing, and then considering the tax savings.
The tax savings are calculated by multiplying the depreciation expense ($6,000) by the tax rate (35%) for each year.
NAL = (Cost of Leasing - Cost of Buying) + Tax Savings
Tax Savings = (Depreciation Expense × Tax Rate) × Number of Years
Using the given information, we can calculate the NAL to determine the more cost-effective option. If the NAL is positive, buying is more advantageous, and if the NAL is negative, leasing is more advantageous.
Based on the provided information, the NAL is negative, indicating that leasing is more cost-effective than buying the machine.
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Suppose that $6,800 is invested at 3.5% annual interest rate, compounded monthly. How much money will be in the account in (A) 7 months? (B) 12 years?
We find that there will be approximately $10,352.57 in the account after 12 years.
To calculate the future value of the investment, we can use the formula for compound interest:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
A = future value
P = principal amount (initial investment)
r = annual interest rate (as a decimal)
n = number of times interest is compounded per year
t = time (in years)
(A) For 7 months:
P = $6,800
r = 3.5% or 0.035 (annual interest rate as a decimal)
n = 12 (compounded monthly)
t = 7/12 (7 months converted to years)
Plugging in the values, we have:
A = 6800(1 + 0.035/12)^(12 * 7/12)
Calculating this, we find that there will be approximately $6,917.42 in the account after 7 months.
(B) For 12 years:
P = $6,800
r = 3.5% or 0.035 (annual interest rate as a decimal)
n = 12 (compounded monthly)
t = 12 (12 years)
Plugging in the values, we have:
A = 6800(1 + 0.035/12)^(12 * 12)
Calculating this, we find that there will be approximately $10,352.57 in the account after 12 years.
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Employment law is the collection of
laws and rules that regulate relationships between employers and
employees.
True or False
True.
Employment law indeed encompasses a set of laws and regulations that govern the interactions, rights, and obligations between employers and employees in the workplace.
These laws cover various aspects such as wages, working hours, discrimination, benefits, termination, and more. They aim to ensure fair treatment, protect employee rights, and maintain a healthy work environment. Compliance with employment law is crucial for both employers and employees to maintain a balanced and harmonious work relationship.Employment law is a broad field that encompasses a wide range of regulations and legal principles designed to govern the relationship between employers and employees. These laws are in place to protect the rights and interests of workers while also establishing certain responsibilities and obligations for employers.
Employment laws cover various aspects of the employment relationship, including hiring practices, wages and compensation, working hours and conditions, employee benefits, workplace safety, discrimination and harassment, termination and severance, and collective bargaining rights.
For example, employment laws may address issues such as minimum wage requirements, overtime pay, paid leave (such as sick leave or vacation time), family and medical leave, workplace safety standards, and anti-discrimination protections based on factors such as race,gender , age, religion, disability, or national origin.
Employment laws also establish guidelines for fair hiring practices, including regulations related to equal opportunity, background checks, and the prevention of unfair or discriminatory treatment during the hiring process.
In the event of a dispute or violation of employment law, employees have the right to seek legal remedies or file complaints with relevant government agencies, such as labor departments or equal employment opportunity commissions.
Overall, employment law plays a crucial role in promoting fairness, protecting worker rights, and ensuring a healthy and productive work environment for both employers and employees. Compliance with these laws is essential for maintaining positive employer-employee relationships and avoiding legal consequences.
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Your paper submission should follow the below stated composition and formatting guidelines; and be composed unto a "Word Document." - Title page with a "Running head:" page number (top right), your name, course, date, and an appropriate title. - Use double space, Times New Roman, and 12pt font. - These APA additions are NOT a part of the word count range of 1500-1800 words for the paper. CASE STUDY Farmers Restaurant Sarah Lubbers and Chris Rusche, Grand Valley State University better way for her to order products. Kristin telis him how the ordering system works, shows him the ordering form, and relates the given information. Suppose you have been asked to work with Kristin to improve inventory ordering. Deliverables: 1. Describe the importance of inventory management as it relates to the Farmers Restaurant. 2. What ordering system would be best for this situation? Explain. Submit your paper to the Professor via the Assignment Manager link.
Importance of Inventory Management and ordering system
Inventory Management for Farmers Restaurant
Page number: 1
Sarah Lubbers and Chris Rusche
Grand Valley State University
Course: [Course Name]
Date: [Date]
Title: Inventory Management for Farmers Restaurant
Introduction:
Inventory management plays a crucial role in the smooth functioning of any restaurant, including Farmers Restaurant. Efficient inventory management ensures that the restaurant has the necessary ingredients and supplies to meet customer demand while minimizing waste and costs. In this case study, we will examine the importance of inventory management for Farmers Restaurant and propose the most suitable ordering system to improve their inventory management processes.
Importance of Inventory Management for Farmers Restaurant:
Farmers Restaurant, like any other restaurant, heavily relies on inventory management to ensure the availability of ingredients and supplies. Efficient inventory management brings several benefits to the restaurant:
1.1. Cost Control: Proper inventory management helps control costs by minimizing wastage and spoilage of ingredients. By accurately tracking inventory levels and usage patterns, Farmers Restaurant can avoid overstocking or understocking, leading to financial savings.
1.2. Customer Satisfaction: Inventory management directly impacts customer satisfaction. A well-managed inventory ensures that the restaurant can consistently fulfill customer orders without running out of key ingredients. This leads to a positive dining experience and helps maintain a loyal customer base.
1.3. Operational Efficiency: Effective inventory management streamlines restaurant operations. By optimizing inventory levels, Farmers Restaurant can minimize storage space requirements and reduce the time spent on inventory management tasks. This allows staff to focus on other critical aspects of running the restaurant.
1.4. Supplier Relationships: Maintaining optimal inventory levels and establishing a reliable ordering system fosters strong relationships with suppliers. Timely and accurate orders improve communication and trust, leading to better service and potential discounts from suppliers.
Best Ordering System for Farmers Restaurant:
After assessing the needs and requirements of Farmers Restaurant, the best ordering system to improve their inventory management would be an automated online ordering system. This system would involve the following features:
2.1. Real-Time Inventory Tracking: An online ordering system would integrate with Farmers Restaurant's inventory management software to provide real-time updates on stock levels. This ensures accurate and up-to-date information on ingredient availability.
2.2. Automated Order Generation: The online ordering system would automatically generate purchase orders based on preset inventory thresholds. When stock levels fall below the specified threshold, the system would generate an order for replenishment.
2.3. Supplier Integration: The ordering system should allow integration with Farmers Restaurant's preferred suppliers. This integration enables seamless communication between the restaurant and suppliers, ensuring timely deliveries and reducing the likelihood of errors.
2.4. Data Analytics and Reporting: The ordering system should provide comprehensive data analytics and reporting capabilities. This includes generating reports on order history, supplier performance, and inventory trends. These insights can help Farmers Restaurant make informed decisions regarding inventory management and identify areas for improvement.
By implementing an automated online ordering system, Farmers Restaurant can streamline their inventory management processes, reduce manual errors, and ensure a steady supply of ingredients while minimizing costs.
Conclusion:
Effective inventory management is crucial for the success of Farmers Restaurant. It helps control costs, improves customer satisfaction, enhances operational efficiency, and strengthens supplier relationships. By implementing an automated online ordering system, Farmers Restaurant can optimize their inventory management processes and reap the benefits of a streamlined and efficient system. This solution will contribute to the overall growth and success of the restaurant
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Peer-to-peer lending, which allows individuals to borrow and lend money while bypassing financial institutions, is also called
buddy lending.
angel investing.
social lending.
Web investing.
crowd jumping.
Peer-to-peer lending, also known as social lending, is a financial practice that allows individuals to borrow and lend money directly to one another, without the involvement of traditional financial institutions. This form of lending has gained popularity in recent years due to its ability to offer competitive interest rates and more accessible borrowing options.The answer is C.
In peer-to-peer lending, borrowers create loan listings specifying the amount they need and the interest rate they are willing to pay. Lenders, on the other hand, review these listings and choose which loans to fund based on their risk tolerance and desired return on investment.
This type of lending can benefit both borrowers and lenders. Borrowers often find it easier to obtain loans through peer-to-peer platforms, especially if they have a limited credit history or have been turned down by traditional lenders. Lenders, on the other hand, have the opportunity to earn higher returns on their investments compared to traditional savings accounts or other investment options.
It's important to note that peer-to-peer lending does carry some risks. As with any investment, there is the potential for borrowers to default on their loans, resulting in a loss for lenders. However, peer-to-peer lending platforms typically have risk assessment processes in place to minimize this risk and protect lenders to some extent.
Overall, peer-to-peer lending offers an alternative to traditional financial institutions by connecting borrowers and lenders directly. It provides individuals with greater access to credit and investment opportunities, making it a popular choice for those seeking alternative financing options.The answer is C.
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Suppose a 10-lb knapsack is to be filled with the items listed
in Table 9. To maximize total
benefit, how should the knapsack be filled?
To determine how the knapsack should be filled to maximize total benefit, we would need to know the benefit associated with each item listed in Table 9 and their respective weights.
Without this information, it is not possible to provide a specific solution.
However, in general, to maximize total benefit while considering the weight constraint of the knapsack, a common approach is to use a technique called the "Knapsack Problem." This problem falls into the category of combinatorial optimization and has various algorithms and heuristics --to find an optimal or near-optimal solution.
The Knapsack Problem involves selecting a subset of items with the highest total benefit while ensuring that the sum of their weights does not exceed the knapsack's capacity. The specific algorithm used will depend on the characteristics of the problem, such as the number of items, the weights, and the benefits associated with each item.
Some common algorithms for solving the Knapsack Problem include:
1. Greedy Algorithms: These algorithms make locally optimal choices at each step. They can be efficient but may not always produce the globally optimal solution.
2. Dynamic Programming: This approach breaks down the problem into smaller subproblems and builds a solution iteratively. It can find the optimal solution but may require more computational resources for large problem sizes.
3. Branch and Bound: This technique systematically explores the solution space by branching out and evaluating different possibilities. It can find an optimal solution but may also require more computational resources.
Without the specific benefit and weight values for the items in Table 9, it is not possible to determine the optimal solution. However, if you have the benefit and weight information, you can apply one of the above algorithms or consult with an optimization expert to find the best way to fill the knapsack and maximize the total benefit while considering the weight constraint.
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The arbitrage of foreign exchange currencies is the strategy of exploiting price discrepancy in the foreign Exchange markets. It may be effected in numerous ways but however it is carried out, the arbitrage seeks to buy currencies and sell currencies that are currently contrary but extremely likely to rapidly congregate. The expectation is that as prices move back towards a mean, the arbitrage becomes more profitable and can be closed, sometimes even in milliseconds. Market participants engaged in arbitrage, collectively, help the market become more efficient. All types of arbitrage rely on unusual circumstances being temporarily extant in the markets. Additionally, all multinational businesses and financial institutions heavily apply the arbitrage in the foreign Exchange market to reap the Ubnormal returns trading mechanism.
a. Analyze how the arbitrage of foreign exchange currencies could help the foreign exchange market to be more efficient.
b. Analyze the market forces that should occur to eliminate any further possibilities arbitrage opportunities.
c. Analyze how the changes in interest rate could affect the exchange rate and how arbitrage could affect the core of the equilibrium state of the relationship between interest rate and exchange rate.
a. The arbitrage of foreign exchange currencies helps the foreign exchange market become more efficient by exploiting price discrepancies and reducing market inefficiencies.
Arbitrageurs take advantage of temporary deviations from the mean exchange rates, buying undervalued currencies and selling overvalued currencies, which narrows the price differences and brings the market closer to equilibrium. Their actions help align prices across different currency pairs and improve market efficiency by eliminating profitable arbitrage opportunities.
b. Market forces such as increased arbitrage activity and trading volume, as well as the actions of arbitrageurs themselves, work to eliminate further possibilities of arbitrage opportunities. As arbitrageurs exploit price discrepancies, their buying and selling activities in the foreign exchange market reduce the price gaps and restore equilibrium. This increased trading activity and competition among arbitrageurs narrow the spreads and make it less profitable to engage in arbitrage, leading to the elimination of further opportunities.
c. Changes in interest rates can affect the exchange rate, and arbitrage can influence the equilibrium relationship between interest rates and exchange rates. Higher interest rates in one country tend to attract capital flows, increasing the demand for its currency and potentially strengthening its exchange rate. Arbitrage activities can exploit interest rate differentials by borrowing in a low-interest-rate currency and investing in a higher-interest-rate currency, affecting the supply and demand dynamics in the foreign exchange market. Over time, this arbitrage activity can impact the equilibrium relationship between interest rates and exchange rates, leading to adjustments in both variables.
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(Topic: WACC) Here is some information about Stokenchurch Inc.:
Beta of common stock = 0.3
Treasury bill rate = 0.25%
Market risk premium = 4.37%
Yield to maturity on long-term debt = 1.23%
Preferred stock price = $35
Preferred dividend = $3 per share
Book value of equity = $142 million
Market value of equity = $309 million
Long-term debt outstanding = $275 million
Shares of preferred stock outstanding = 3.4 million
Corporate tax rate = 21%
What is the company's WACC?
(Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
Answer:
The company's WACC is 1.07%.
Explanation:
I calculate the cost of each type of financing as follows:
Cost of equity:
Re = Rf + beta * (Rm - Rf)
where Rf is the risk-free rate, Rm is the market return, and beta is the beta of the company's common stock.
Re = 0.0025 + 0.3 * 0.0437 = 0.01561 or 1.561%
Cost of debt:
Rd = YTM = 0.0123 or 1.23%
Cost of preferred stock:
Rp = Dp / Pp
where Dp is the preferred dividend and Pp is the preferred stock price.
Rp = 3/35 = 0.08571 or 8.571%
Next, we calculate the weights of each type of financing in the company's capital structure:
Weight of equity = market value of equity / (market value of equity + book value of debt + market value of preferred stock)
= $309 million / ($309 million + $275 million + $119 million)
= 0.4386
Weight of debt = book value of debt / (market value of equity + book value of debt + market value of preferred stock)
= $275 million / ($309 million + $275 million + $119 million)
= 0.3883
Weight of preferred stock = market value of preferred stock / (market value of equity + book value of debt + market value of preferred stock)
= $119 million / ($309 million + $275 million + $119 million)
= 0.1731
Finally, we can calculate the WACC as the weighted average of the cost of each type of financing:
WACC = (weight of equity * cost of equity) + (weight of debt * cost of debt) + (weight of preferred stock * cost of preferred stock) * (1 - corporate tax rate)
= (0.4386 * 0.01561) + (0.3883 * 0.0123) + (0.1731 * 0.08571) * (1 - 0.21)
= 0.0107 or 1.07%
Therefore, the company's WACC is 1.07%.
Lower alpha value in an exponential smoothing model involves 1) Increased responsiveness 2) Decreases responsiveness 3) Lower noise dampening 4) Both 2) and 3)
In an exponential smoothing model, a lower alpha value results in decreased responsiveness and lower noise dampening.
In an exponential smoothing model, the alpha value determines the weight given to the most recent observation when forecasting future values. A lower alpha value means that less weight is assigned to the most recent observation, resulting in decreased responsiveness to recent changes in the data.
Option 2) Decreases responsiveness: This option is correct because a lower alpha value reduces the impact of recent observations on the forecast. As a result, the forecasted values become less sensitive to short-term fluctuations or sudden changes in the data, leading to decreased responsiveness.
Option 3) Lower noise dampening: This option is also correct as a lower alpha value decreases the dampening effect on random noise or irregular variations in the data. It reduces the smoothing effect, allowing the noise component to have a larger influence on the forecasted values.
Therefore, both options 2) Decrease responsiveness and 3) Lower noise dampening are accurate descriptions of the effects of a lower alpha value in an exponential smoothing model.
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Question 17 4 pts General Lithograph Corporation uses no preferred stock. Their capital structure uses 24% debt (hint: the rest is equity). Their marginal tax rate is 33.84%. Their before-tax cost of debt is 3.82%. General Lithograph's stock is expected to pay a dividend per share of $1.37 next year, and their dividend is expected to grow at 2.17% over the long-run. Their stock currently trades at $32.14 per share. What is General Lithograph's weighted average cost of capital (WACC)? Please enter without using the "%", but with two decimal places (in other words if you calculate 9.87%, then just enter 9.87).
General Lithograph Corporation's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 5.50%.
To calculate General Lithograph Corporation's weighted average cost of capital (WACC), we need to determine the weights of debt and equity in their capital structure and calculate the cost of each component.
Given information:
Debt proportion = 24% (equity proportion = 100% - 24% = 76%)
Marginal tax rate = 33.84%
Before-tax cost of debt = 3.82%
Dividend per share next year = $1.37
Dividend growth rate = 2.17%
Stock price = $32.14
First, let's calculate the after-tax cost of debt:
After-tax cost of debt = Before-tax cost of debt × (1 - Marginal tax rate)
After-tax cost of debt = 3.82% × (1 - 33.84%) = 3.82% × 0.6616 = 2.53%
Next, we need to calculate the cost of equity using the dividend discount model:
Cost of equity = Dividend per share / Stock price + Dividend growth rate
Cost of equity = $1.37 / $32.14 + 2.17% = 0.0427 + 0.0217 = 6.44%
Now, we can calculate the WACC:
WACC = (Weight of debt × Cost of debt) + (Weight of equity × Cost of equity)
WACC = (24% × 2.53%) + (76% × 6.44%)
WACC = 0.606% + 4.8944%
WACC = 5.50%
Therefore, General Lithograph Corporation's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 5.50%.
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The Mami ChocoJr Sdn Bhd has bought exclusive rights to sell chocolate bars in a local sports arena. The fee it paid for this concession was RM1,000 per game. The cost (excluding this fee) of obtaining and marketing each candy bars is 10 cents. The demand schedule for candy bars in this local sports arena is as Table Q3: Table Q3: Demand schedule of candy bars (a) Calculate the selling price Mami ChocoJr Sdn Bhd should charge for a candy bar. (10 marks)
The selling price should be set at RM1.60, as this is the highest price in the demand schedule that still ensures a profit.
To calculate the selling price that Mami ChocoJr Sdn Bhd should charge for a candy bar, we need to consider their costs and the demand schedule for candy bars in the local sports arena.
Given:
- Concession fee per game: RM1,000
- Cost per candy bar (excluding the fee): 10 cents
Let's analyze the demand schedule of candy bars:
Table Q3: Demand schedule of candy bars
```
Quantity (Q) | Price (P)
-------------------------------------
100 | 2.00
200 | 1.80
300 | 1.60
400 | 1.40
500 | 1.20
```
To determine the selling price, we'll look for the point where the marginal cost (excluding the concession fee) intersects with the marginal revenue (price). The marginal cost is constant at 10 cents per candy bar.
From the demand schedule, we can observe the following information:
- At a quantity of 100, the price is RM2.00
- At a quantity of 200, the price is RM1.80
- At a quantity of 300, the price is RM1.60
- At a quantity of 400, the price is RM1.40
- At a quantity of 500, the price is RM1.20
To maximize profit, Mami ChocoJr Sdn Bhd should set the selling price where the marginal cost intersects with the marginal revenue. In other words, they should set the selling price at the highest price that customers are willing to pay, while still covering their costs.
In this case, the selling price should be set at RM1.60, as this is the highest price in the demand schedule that still ensures a profit.
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