The reduced electron carriers generated by the citric acid cycle are restricted to the matrix by mitochondrial structure. There, they are adjacent to the respiratory complexes of the electron transport chain, which will transfer the electrons from the carriers made by the TCA cycle to oxygen, the final recipient of electrons and hydrogens.
What is the role of mitochondria in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain?
Citric Acid Cycle:
The pyruvate molecules generated at the conclusion of glycolysis are carried into mitochondria, which are locations of cellular respiration, in eukaryotic cells. By eliminating a carbon dioxide molecule in the mitochondria, pyruvate is converted into a two-carbon acetyl group, which is then taken up by the carrier substance coenzyme A. (CoA). The end product is known as acetyl CoA.
The citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. The eight phases of the cycle are a sequence of chemical processes that result in the production of two molecules of carbon dioxide, one molecule of ATP, and the reduced versions of NAD+ and FAD+, known as NADH and FADH2, which are crucial coenzymes for cell function. Because the NADH and FADH2 generated must transport their electrons to the system's next pathway, which uses oxygen, part of this is regarded as an aerobic pathway. This transmission is not possible without oxygen.
Electron Transport Chain:
However, the majority of the ATP produced during the aerobic breakdown of glucose does not come from these mechanisms. Instead, it results from a procedure that starts with the transfer of electrons through a series of chemical events to an ultimate electron acceptor, oxygen. Both eukaryotic organisms' mitochondrial inner membranes and prokaryotic organisms' inner cell membranes contain specific protein complexes where these processes occur. A gradient of electrochemistry is produced across the inner mitochondrial membrane by harnessing the energy of the electrons. ATP is produced using the potential energy of this gradient. This entire procedure is known as oxidative phosphorylation.
The sole aspect of metabolism that employs ambient oxygen is the electron transport chain, which is the final stage of aerobic respiration. The electron transport chain is made up of the aggregation of the four protein complexes I through IV as well as any related mobile, accessory electron carriers.
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The Human Genome Project led to the development of several new fields of science. Which of these is one of those new fields?
A. Chemistry
C. Bioinformatics
B. Anatomy
D. Physics
Answer:C. Bioinformatics
Explanation:
Researchers are using bioinformatics to identify genes, establish their functions, and develop gene-based strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating disease.
One key research area was bioinformatics. Without the annotation provided via bioinformatics, the information gleaned from the HGP is not very useful.
What makes human beings more dominant than other species?
use of technology
ability to reproduce
ability to move
life span
Answer:
use of technology and life span and also ability to reason
3.
Which type of stress is shown in the image?
O A. Shear stress
O B. Tension stress
O C. Compression stress
O D. Uniform stress
O C. Compression stress is the answer of this question
Compression stress is the correct answer
what are the difference between stress and strain ?The major difference between stress and strain is that stress determine the deforming force per unit area of the object, whereas strain determine the relative change in length caused by a deforming force.
a force applied to deform an object, that object is under stress where Stress is defined as the deforming force per unit area of the object.
force on an object into directions parallel and perpendicular to the surface and the normal stress is equal to the force perpendicular to the surface per unit area.
Strain is the amount of relative deformation caused by a force acting on an object, will only consider the normal strain, created by normal stress.
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For single celled, asexual organisms, cell division is used for ___.For multicellular organisms, simple cell division is used for___
a.growth and repair; growth, repair, and reproduction
b.reproduction; growth and repair
c.reproduction; growth, repair, and reproduction
d.growth, repair, and reproduction; growth, repair, and reproduction
Answer:
c. reproduction; growth and repair
Explanation:
When a cell divides, it creates new cells. In asexual single-celled organisms it used for reproduction only. However, in multicellular cells it is usually used for growth and repair. This is because multicellular organisms have levels of organisation (cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organisms). The cells are the smallest components of the organism. So when a cell divides it can replace cells to repair tissues or organs. Single-celled organisms can't repair tissues and organs because they don't have any - they are made up of only one cell.
Dr. Chen's patient has a severe phobia of crowded places. Dr. Chen plans to use systematic desensitization to help the patient. Is Dr. Chen's treatment plan likely the best one for the patient?
Yes. Systematic desensitization is considered an effective treatment to reduce anxiety in individuals when exposed to fearful situations.
Yes. Systematic desensitization will help the patient unlock the unconscious reasons for his or her phobia.
No. Light exposure therapy is the most effective treatment for phobias and should be ruled out first.
No. Electroconvulsive therapy should be considered, as it is known to be an effective treatment for phobias.
Yes. Systematic desensitization is considered an effective treatment to reduce anxiety in individuals when exposed to fearful situations. That is option A.
What is systematic desensitization?Systematic desensitization is a type of exposure therapy used for treatment of anxiety disorders or phobias.
The systematic desensitization makes use of the principal of classical conditioning which involves constant exposure to a stimulus that will give a relaxation response.
There are three main steps that can be used to achieve systematic desensitization which include the following:
Identification of fears: The therapist should be able to identify the fears of the patient in order to offer an effective solution.Relaxation techniques: Through the identified fears the therapist should be able to know the best technique that will help the client recover fast.Completing a hierarchy of fears: This is mainly carried out by the client.Therefore, since the patient has severe phobia of crowded places, systematic desensitization is considered an effective treatment to reduce anxiety.
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The somatic nervous system primarily controls _________ movements. The autonomic nervous system primarily controls movements.
A. relevant; irrelevant
B. involuntary; voluntary
C. voluntary; involuntary
D. irrelevant; relevant
Answer:
voluntary movements
Explanation:
hope it will help you
Explain in your own words why there is uncertainty in science. What can scientists do to reduce uncertainty in science?
Scientists can reduce uncertainty by performing repeated hypothesis testing trough experiments or observations that exhibit the same predictive outcomes.
What is hypothesis testing?The expression 'hypothesis testing' makes reference to experimental and also observational methods used to test (either confirm or reject) a scientific hypothesis.
Hypothesis testing helps to reduce the level of uncertainty because the same results in different outcomes represent an excellent a measure of reliability by means of the scientific method.
In conclusion, scientists can reduce uncertainty by performing repeated hypothesis testing trough experiments or observations that exhibit the same predictive outcomes.
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Why is the fossil record important?
A. It allows scientists to compare fossils to present day organisms and note changes.
B. It is fun to look at different animals.
C. The fossil record shows organisms that never lived on Earth.
D. The fossil record shows organisms that might live on Earth in the future.
Which are the main parts of a flowering plant? Select four options. ✔stem flowers ✔roots ✔seeds leaves
Answer:
Roots.
Stem.
Leaves.
Flowers.
1. made of DNA holds genetic information
3. This type of ER transports and modifies lipids
4. type of respiration that does not use oxygen
6. Found only in plant cells, this surrounds the cell
8. the jelly like area in cell that hold organelles
13. type of transport that does not require energy
14. nerves that regulate responds to stimuli
Answer: im not sure
Explanation:
d. Ecological relationships How many chromosomes does an individual human person have? a. 23 b. 46 c. 64 d.82
Answer:
there is 46 chromosome in a human
Answer: there is 46 chromosome in a person
Explanation:
what is the Krebs cycle?
Answer:
Citric acid cycle
Explanation:
It is a series of chemical reaction s to release stored energy through oxidation of acetly-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins
How does a focus differ from an epicenter?
what is the chloroplast?
Answer:
Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process. By doing so, they sustain life on Earth.
Explanation:
it's a plant cell
difference between Cellular and Humoral immunity?
Cellular immunity kills pathogens inside the cell, whereas humoral immunity destroys pathogens outside the cell.
What is the difference between Cellular and Humoral immunity?The main difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity is that humoral immunity produces antigen-specific antibodies, whereas cell-mediated immunity does not produce antigen-specific antibodies. The cellular immunity destroys pathogens and harm microbes that are present inside the cell, whereas humoral immunity kills pathogens outside the cell.
So we can conclude that cellular immunity kills pathogens inside the cell, whereas humoral immunity destroys pathogens outside the cell.
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Which of the following
places is likely to have low
biodiversity?
OA. Great barrier reef
B. Man-made pine tree plantation
OC. Indian Ocean
OD. Amazon rainforest
Man made pine tree plantation is likely to have low biodiversity. Thus option B is correct .
What is biodiversity?Biodiversity is all the different kinds of life living in a particular area like the variety of animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms like bacteria and virus that plays a major role in framing of natural world usually three levels of biodiversity are observed and these are genetic species, and ecosystem diversity.
Biodiversity is very important for the process that's support all life present on earth including human.
Therefore, man made pine tree plantation is likely to have low biodiversity. Thus option B is correct .
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Without being in the presence of
light a producer cannot make
what?
A. sugars
C. H2O
B. CO2
D. oxygen
A producer cannot make sugars in the absence of light, the correct option is A.
What are producers?Producers, also known as autotrophs, are lifeforms that produce their own food.
They obtain energy from chemicals or the sun and transform it into usable energy in the form of sugar or food using water.
Plants and algae can produce their own food by harnessing solar energy. These organisms are referred to as producers because they generate their own food.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Name one disadvantage of the electron microscope over the light microscope
Answer:
it is only used to view a dead specimen
What discoveries early-on helped man establish himself on Earth?
hammer
knife
fire
pottery (cooking)
rope (fishing)
ASAP PLEASE HELP... WRITE CORRECT ANSWER please
A power outage has occurred in the entire city where your hotel is located. It’s 10 pm and the utility company is working hard to restore power but has to prioritize hospitals and other emergency centers first, so you’ll be without power for at least 8 hours. You have two guests in two different rooms who use CPAP breathing devices that need to be plugged in; they only have about 3 hours of battery life.
What would you do?
staff training planning _________
Answer:
As we know, the human is advancing and therefore is doing complicated tasks; some even before they are being told. Hotels especcially nowadays have been storing electricity and stuff. It would be neccessary for you to consider that and help your patients using it.
b. Electromagnetic Force
c. Weak Force
d. Gluon
e. Strong Force
1. The force that pulls or attracts any two objects in direct relation to their masses and inversely relate
the distance separating them.
2. The force that acts between charged particles.
3. The force that holds the nucleus together.
4. The force that causes radioactive decay.
5. The carrier particle involved in the Strong Force.
Answer:
I think the answer is #5. A strong force involves wind, ocean waves, inclement weather..
like hurricanes, tsunamis, and hurricanes...
What is Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?
Answer:
Lung capacity or total lung capacity (TLC) is the volume of air in the lungs upon the maximum effort of inspiration.
Vital capacity (VC) Next instruct your subject to breathe several normal breaths, then bend over and exhale maximally. After they have exhaled as much air as possible, ask them to stand upright and inhale as much air as possible. Then, quickly place the mouthpiece to their mouth and exhale as forcibly and as long as possible. Three measurements were taken.
a. Measurement 1: 4,500
b. Measurement 2: 4,570
c. Measurement 3: 4,480
Calculate the average vital capacity (VC). Round to the ne number.
Your lab partners average vital capacity (VC) is type your answer... ml.
My lab partner's average vital capacity is 4850ml
Why we are taking the average Value?The highest amount of air a person may inhale before reaching maximal expiration is known as vital capacity (VC). It is equivalent to the total of the inspiratory, tidal, and expiratory reserve volumes. The ability to absorb oxygen will increase the amount of oxygen delivered to the muscles. This implies that one can exercise longer and with less effort.
• There may be some variation in forceful inspiration and expiration for that reason we are taking the average value.
• Calculation : {(4500+5570+4480) ÷ 3} = {14550÷3 } = 4850ml
So the average value of Vital Capacity of the lab partner is 4850ml.
For better understanding one can check the attached image .
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Why are SNPs important to the study of genetics?
A. They are only found in primates.
B. They are sources of variation that can help scientists better study genomes.
C. These are the only places on the genome that do not code for anything.
D. These are the places on the genome that have not been sequenced.
Answer:A
Explanation:
Over a long period of time incomplete observations can be combined to form a complete explanation.
The given statement is about Abductive reasoning which begins with incomplete observations and then proceeds to find a complete explanation for the problem.
What is reasoning?Reasoning is the process in which one uses information, assertions to make predictions, draw conclusions and explanations.Deductive reasoning deals with specific assertion of a rule and then finds specific conclusion.Inductive reasoning begins with information that is specific and limited and then ends up in a broad, generalized conclusion based on evidence.Abductive reasoning deals with daily information which is often incomplete and then tries to find specific solutions which help in making decisions. In this, a person makes inferences by going from general information to specific conclusions.A person tries his best to find an appropriate explanation for an incomplete set of observations and make them complete.Learn more about reasoning here:
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Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly.
What does natural resource management aim at?
Natural resource management aims at _____
management of resources.
The natural resource management aims at saving the natural resource for the coming generation without depriving the demand of the present generation. There must be a sufferable way to use the natural resources because unlimited use of resources will guide to some problems.
The natural resource management also seeks at using the natural resources in its pure shape and making it available to every possible place.
What are the advantages of natural resource management?
When watched for in the right way, they can help us to reduce flooding, enhance air quality and supply materials for construction. They also provide a home for some rare and stunning wildlife and iconic landscapes we can relish and which boost the economy via tourism.
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6. Living organisms have _____
material which codes for its growth and development
Answer:
genetic
Explanation:
DNA is a form of genetic material. DNA contains the necessary instructions for growth and development.
Living organisms have genetic material which codes for its growth and development.
Thus, Every living creature shares a few traits. The instructions for inheritance are encoded in the genetic code, and children typically resemble their parents.
Asexual reproduction produces children that share the characteristics of their parents. Offspring from sexual reproduction are sometimes different from their parents.
Energy and resources are used by living things to expand, change, and procreate. A group of chemical processes known as metabolic reactions are involved in these life activities.
Organisms have the ability to recognize changes in their surroundings and react to these stimuli. Most living things need their internal surroundings to stay within a pretty narrow range in order to sustain equilibrium.
Thus, Living organisms have genetic material which codes for its growth and development.
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Too much logging in the Oyamel fir forests could lead to the eastern monarch butterfly going extinct because
Answer: They wouldn't have anywhere to live. The fir trees are a home to the butterflies cutting the trees means cutting their homes down.
Explanation:
so yea
Answer: A, the entire population of the species spends winter in oyamel
Which of the following is the movement of molecules along a concentration gradient by spontaneous random motion to achieve a uniform distribution?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules along a concentration gradient by spontaneous random motion to achieve a uniform distribution.
What is diffusion?Diffusion is the movement of water vapor from regions of high concentration (high water vapor pressure) toward regions of lower concentration.
Diffusion can also be defined as the random movement of molecules (fluids) along a concentration gradient until even distribution is achieved.
Therefore, diffusion is the movement of molecules along a concentration gradient by spontaneous random motion to achieve a uniform distribution.
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Which of the following are financial securities that represent promises to repay a fixed amount of funds?
Which of the following is not a service that the financial system provides for savers and borrowers?
1. Bonds.
2. Guaranteeing savers high rates of return.
What is the purpose of the financial system?A financial system performs the role of an intermediary and makes it easier for money to move from areas of surplus to areas of deficit. It comprises various institutions, markets, rules and laws, customs, investors, analysts, transactions, and claims and liabilities.Managers can use big data in their businesses by using a financial system. A financial system combines data from numerous organizational departments into a single perspective, making it simple for users to comprehend the connections between distinct data types.Financial services guarantee the advancement of both domestic and international trade. Increased domestic and international exports of goods are guaranteed by the presence of factoring and forfeiting businesses. Banking and insurance services also facilitate an increase in these promotional activities.The following are financial securities that represent promises to repay a fixed amount of funds: Bonds.
Bonds provide a fixed amount of maturity value.The following is not a service that the financial system provides for savers and borrowers: Guaranteeing savers high rates of return.
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