Increased mitochondrial membrane permeability results in a buildup of oxygen inside the mitochondrial matrix and a decrease in NADH oxidation as well as a decrease in the ability to pump hydrogens into the intermembrane gap ( this will stay in its reduced form).
What is mitochondrial membrane ?
As is typical of energy-transducing membranes, the mitochondrial membrane is a lamellar array rich in proteins. By fractionating the lamellae and isolating the numerous protein complexes buried within, the chemistry of its operation as a respiratory unit was ascertained. So that four electron-transport protein complexes may be resolved, the inner mitochondrial membrane can be divided and fractionated.
Initially, EMR was used to analyze these preparations in order to spectroscopically determine the metal ion composition of each of the protein complexes, which each include transition metal ions. The addition of exogenous substances like reductants and recognized enzyme substrates could change the EMR signal, it was soon discovered. Investigations of soluble proteins that were similar to those of the studies of mitochondrial protein complexes,63–73,98 were also conducted.
To learn more about mitochondrial membrane please click on the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/29639877
#SPJ4
what term is used to describe the lateral extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord to the vertebral foramen walls
Denticulate ligaments is used to describe the lateral extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord to the vertebral foramen walls. The innermost covering of the spinal cord, intimately adhering to its surface, stabilizes the spinal cord through lateral extensions of the pia called the denticulate ligaments, extending between the ventral and dorsal roots unto the dura mater.
The term used to describe the lateral extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord to the vertebral foramen walls is denticulate ligaments.
Step by Step:
1. The pia mater is a delicate membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord.
2. It extends into the vertebral foramen walls, the openings in the vertebrae where the spinal cord passes through.
3. The lateral extensions of the pia mater that anchor the spinal cord to the vertebral foramen walls are called denticulate ligaments.
4. These ligaments have a saw-tooth shape, resembling a fish's fin, which helps to stabilize the spinal cord in the vertebral foramen.
5. The denticulate ligaments are made of strong connective tissue and are located on both sides of the spine.
6. They provide a stable support for the spinal cord and help to protect it from any potential damage.
To know more about spinal cord :
brainly.com/question/23916836
#SPJ4
What is NOT an example of kinetic energy?
For example, thermal energy exists because of the movement of atoms or molecules, thus thermal energy is a variation of kinetic energy. However, most of the time, kinetic energy refers to the energy associated with the movement of larger objects.
Therefore, if an object is not moving, it is said to have zero kinetic energy.
Approximately 4000 years ago, a small number of people settled in areas of Finland and became separated from the rest of the population. These people reproduced, but due to the low number of people, it caused a loss of genetic diversity in the subsequent offspring, which caused many disorders to arise. These disorders are collectively known as Finnish heritage diseases. This event was so significant that even today, one in five Finnish people carry at least one gene related to a Finnish heritage disease. A man and a woman, both of Finnish heritage are aware of this, so they see a genetic counselor. They are interested in having a child but fear they may pass on a disease. They have their DNA analyzed and it comes back that they are both carriers for the recessive disease known as megaloblastic anemia, a type of anemia common in Finnish descent. Thankfully, if they have an affected child, it is treatable. a) What is the probability that, if they have a child, it will have megaloblastic anemia? b) Let’s say they decide to have three children total. What is the probability that all three children would have the disease? c) What is the probability that, if they have three children, none of them will have the disease?
50% is the probability that they have a child will have megaloblastic anemia
What is megaloblastic anemia?
Megaloblastic anemia is a form of macrocytic anemia, a blood disorder that happens when your bone marrow produces stem cells that make abnormally large red blood cells. Megaloblastic anemia is a type of vitamin deficiency anemia that happens when you don't get enough vitamin B12 and/or vitamin B9 (folate).
Moreover, deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folic acid are the leading causes of megaloblastic anemia. Folic acid is present in food such as green vegetables, fruits, meat, and liver.
Hence, the most common causes of megaloblastic anemia are deficiency of either cobalamin (vitamin B12) or folate (vitamin B9). These two vitamins serve as building blocks and are essential for the production of healthy cells such as the precursors to red blood cells.
Learn more about megaloblastic anemia:
https://brainly.com/question/29533858
#SPJ1
the synthesis of cholesterol is a process that involves over 30 different steps. which step is the rate-determining step of cholesterol synthesis?
HMG-CoA reductase is responsible for the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate.
The product of HMG-CoA reductase's conversion of mevalonate from HMG-CoA . Mevalonate is produced when HMG-CoA is reduced by NADPH. Because of its role as the rate-limiting step in the cholesterol production process, this enzyme is an attractive target for the development of medicines (statins). Mevalonate is converted into mevalonate-5-phosphate by undergoing phosphorylation at the 5-OH position (also called phosphomevalonic acid).
To know more about Phosphorylation click on the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/14092599
#SPJ4
which of the following statements correctly characterizes intestinal peristalsis? a. peristalsis results from sequential contraction and relaxation of circular and longitudinal muscle layers within the muscularis externa. b. small intestinal peristalsis occurs more frequently and is more easily identifiable with sonography, as compared to large intestinal peristalsis. c. large intestinal peristalsis is characterized by infrequent, forceful, yet short-lived mass movements of colonic contents. d. all of the above e. none of the above
The muscularis external's circular and longitudinal muscle layers contract and relax one after the other, producing peristalsis.
Food is moved through the digestive tract by a sequence of wave-like muscle contractions called peristalsis. The process begins in the esophagus, where powerful waves of smooth muscle transport balls of swallowed food to the stomach. The food is then broken down into a liquid substance called chyme there, where peristalsis proceeds. It may be simpler to see the wave-like action if you stretch out a segment of intestine. The chyme is mixed and shifted back and forth by the action. As a result, nutrients can be absorbed by the bloodstream through the small intestine's walls. Peristalsis in the large intestine aids in the absorption of water from undigested food into the blood stream.
Learn more about peristalsis here
https://brainly.com/question/22350049
#SPJ4
What is the relationship between plant cell structure and the ability of plants to stand upright without bones?
Explanation:
The cell walls that surrounds the plant cells give rigidity and support, allowing plants to stand upright. The large central vacuole stores water and other compounds and also helps keep the shape of plant cells.
The relationship between plant cell structure and the ability of plants to stand upright without bones because of the presence of the cell wall in the plant cell that gives the plant its strength.
What is the function of the cell wall in plants?The plant cell wall is thick because of the presence of cellulose and other materials that make the cell wall of the plant thick and that make the pathogen inaccessible to the cell cytoplasm. The plants have no bones like animals, but they stand up straight due to the presence of the cell wall, and apart from the structural support, it also gives the cell functional support as it is a linear polymer, so it is not soluble in water.
Hence, the relationship between plant cell structure and the ability of plants to stand upright without bones is because of the presence of the cell wall in the plant cell.
Learn more about the cell wall in plants here.
https://brainly.com/question/19744615
#SPJ2
clone mammals were foudn to not walwyas be identical to their parents or siblings. often the clone animals exhibit defcts. what seems to be the reason for the high incidence of abnormailities
Not all clones have the same appearance. Despite the fact that clones have identical genetic makeup, an organism's development is greatly influenced by its environment.
The majority of animal embryos created through reproductive cloning are unable to mature into healthy adults, making it an extremely ineffective procedure. Increased birth weight and a range of abnormalities in crucial organs like the liver, brain, and heart are examples of negative health effects in sheep and other mammals. Premature aging and immune system issues are some additional side effects. The chromosomes of the cloned cell's relative youth is a different possible issue.
learn more about cloning here
https://brainly.com/question/12483409
#SPJ4
Explain how soil crumbs are formed. List four reason why they are important
Clay soil particles combine together with lime of humus particles when they are added to it. Crumbs are formed when they combine. You need to accomplish something. You contribute greatly to society.
How do humus particles work?humus, a nonliving, finely split organic material found in soil that results from the microbial breakdown of both animal and plant remains. About 60% of humus is composed of carbon, 6% of it is nitrogen, and there are traces of sulfur and phosphorus.
What ingredients make up humus?In addition to a plant matter found in leaf litter, humus also contains decomposing insects and other living things, such mushrooms. When animal and plant matter decomposes, humus, a black, organic substance, emerges in the soil. It accumulates on the ground when plants shed leaves, twigs, as well as other debris.
To know more about humus particles visit:
https://brainly.com/question/10663309
#SPJ1
Practice: Patterns of Evolution Read the following scenarios and determine each pattern of evolution being shown. Explain how you know. Each of the 7 patterns of evolution we took notes on will be used once. 1. Butterflies, bats, and birds all have wings that allow them to fly. Butterfly wings. however. do not have bones like bat and bird wings do. Add Text Here! 2. 4000 years ago a population of cichlid fish were isolated in Lake Nagubago in central Uganda. Since then 5 new species have formed. distinguished by their differing coloration and mating rituals. These live groups of fish are considered unique species because they do not naturally interbreed. Add Text Here! 3. A population of mollusks are living in a stable ecosystem in the ocean. A rapid drop in sea level causes the formation of a lake, which isolates a group of mollusks from the rest. This quick environmental change causes rapid evolutionary change. Due to the new small population. genetic drift occurs. and mollusks with larger shells rapidly become the most common trait. Add Text Here! 4. The Dodo was a flightless bird, first spotted by Dutch sailors in 1598. Dodos had no known predators until sailors started hunting them and new invasive species were introduced. The last sighting of a Dodo was in 1662. Add Text Here! 5. Dogs and wolves share a common ancestor - the Grey Wolf. They share similar body shape. skull size. limb formation. genetic makeup and much more. Varying temperament in wolves eventually became so drastic resulting in extremely aggressive wolves and docile wolves that were eventually domesticated, leading to the formation of dogs. Add Text Here! 6. Male bumblebees go to flowers. such as orchids. to pick up chemicals that allow them to create attractive scents to put off for female bumblebees. Flowers have waxy pollen to stick to the bumblebee's heads and abdomens in order to spread their pollen to other flowers. These two traits - sticky pollen and chemicals for attractive scents - have evolved together, forming a mutualistic relationship between flowers and bumblebees. Add Text Here! 7. Fossil evidence suggests that whales evolved from land mammals. This was a slow process over thousands of years that resulted from continual reduction of the ancestral mammal's forelimbs over time, until they were reduced to fins.
The evolution that caused Butterflies, bats, and birds all have wings that allow them to fly is bynthe convergent evolution.
For one hundred fifty years scientists had been seeking to give an explanation for convergent evolution. One of the best-regarded examples of that is how toxic butterflies from unique species evolve to imitate every different's colour styles -- in impact becoming a member of forces to warn predators, "Don't devour us," even as spreading the value of this less.
The solution lies in convergent evolution -- while nearly equal capabilities or tendencies manifest in unique species. Through evolution each bats and toothed whales have advanced the equal purposeful characteristics. 1598.
Read more about evolution;
https://brainly.com/question/12271572
#SPJ4
Which of the statements most accurately describes the benefits of the proofreading function of DNA polymerase?
The statement best describes the advantage of the proofreading ability of DNA polymerases is that these enzymes are always present in the cell nucleus and can repair any mutations that occur.
Do all cells have DNA polymerases?All living beings have DNA polymerases. These enzymes are more complex, consisting of separate proteins that unwind helices, build RNA primers, and new strands. Polymerase gamma is located in mitochondria and is involved in mitochondrial DNA replication. Four other enzymes reside in the nucleus and are thus candidates for involvement in nuclear DNA replication.
What are the main functions of DNA polymerases?The primary function of DNA polymerases is to add new nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand. DNA polymerases accurately and efficiently replicate the genome to ensure maintenance of genetic information and faithful transmission between generations.
To learn more about DNA polymerase visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14315652
#SPJ4
Explain why dehydration synthesis make sense as the name of the reaction of creating polymers from monomers.
Dehydration synthesis is the process which involves the formation of large biomolecules such as polymers from small monomeric units.
What is Dehydration synthesis?
Dehydration synthesis is the process of synthesis of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a molecule of water is released. This process can be used in the creation of synthetic polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or the creation of large biomolecules such as carbohydrate polymers and triglycerides.
Monomers combine with each other using the covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers. In doing so, the small monomers release water molecules as byproducts of the reaction. This involves putting together of substances while losing water.
Learn more about Dehydration synthesis here:
https://brainly.com/question/14241111
#SPJ1
what was the effect on the amount of hoxd13 mrna when just segment c was deleted?
The quantity of Hoxd13 mRNA generated was unaffected by the ablation of segment C. Hoxd13 mRNA was only generated at a rate of around 60% of the control level.
The homeobox-containing gene HOXD13, which is situated at the most 5′ end of the HOXD cluster, is crucial for the development of the limbs. It has been established that human HOXD13 mutations can result in limb deformities, with varying degrees of expressivity and a broad range of clinical symptoms.
The first of multiple HOXD genes found in a group on chromosome 2 is HOXD13. Severe limb and genital deformities have been linked to deletions that eliminate the whole HOXD gene cluster or the 5' end of this cluster.
To learn more about Hoxd13 mRNA click here:
https://brainly.com/question/8136756
#SPJ4
Oxygen molecules absorbed by cells: The athlete's result will be higher than the normal healthy body's result. Why? Explain.
Because athletes engage in strenuous activities that require a lot of oxygen in order to produce a lot of energy in the form of ATP, their oxygen results will be higher than those of a regular, healthy body.
Does physical activity increase oxygen consumption?Your body needs more oxygen and creates more carbon dioxide while you exercise because your muscles are working harder. Your breathing must rise from 15 times per minute while at rest to 40 to 60 times per minute while exercising in order to meet this additional requirement.Muscles regularly contract during exercise to power motion, which is a process that uses energy. The brain uses energy to preserve the ion gradients required for neuronal activation. The molecule ATP serves as the source of chemical energy for these and other aspects of life.You maintain a sizable breathing reserve when your lungs are in good health. After exercising, you could feel "out of breath," but you won't be "short of breath." You might use a significant portion of your breathing reserve when you have diminished lung function. While feeling "out of breath" may be uncomfortable, usually speaking, this is not harmful.To learn more about oxygen consumption refer :
https://brainly.com/question/17137293
#SPJ1
imagine a bacterium that prefers to drink coca-cola, but is willing to drink pepsi if there is no coca-cola available. the bacterium encodes a pepsi operon, which is usually turned off, and is only transcribed when coca-cola is absent and pepsi is present. the operon is inhibited by a protein called the pepsi repressor, which is allosterically inactivated by a molecule of pepsi. what kind of an operon is the pepsi operon?
the pepsi operon is called as Repressible operon or trp operon. When a particular tiny chemical binds allosterically to a regulatory protein, it has the potential to block the transcription of a gene that is typically on.
An example of a repressible operon is the Trp operon, which is active unless a repressor protein turns it off. TRP R produces the repressor protein. Even though it is generated in an inactive state, the repressor protein is always present in the cell. A corepressor, in this case tryptophan, binds to the repressor protein in an allosteric site when it is present. By preventing RNA polymerase from attaching to the promoter, this modifies the protein's shape so that it can connect to the operator and stop transcription.
learn more about Repressible operon here
https://brainly.com/question/28312923
#SPJ4
What long-term impact could the destruction of large areas of forests have on
Earth?
A
B
C decreased amounts of acid rain
decreased rates of erosion
increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
D
increased atmospheric oxygen levels
What long-term impact could the destruction of large areas of forests have on earth " C " increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels .
What is forest?Forest can be defined as a region with a high density of trees. Forest is also the habitat for a variety of living beings including plants, animals and microorganisms.
Forests provide home for different plants and animals they provide ecosystem services to humans and serve as a tourist attraction to man and they also beautify his environment. Forest can be divided into three major types. They are tropical forests, temperate forests and boreal forests
Therefore human activity can lead to increased of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmospheric . This increase happens because cutting of trees or burning of trees combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make CO2.
Learn more about forest here: brainly.com/question/29793782
#SPJ1
Innermost membrane around the developing embryo
Around the developing embryo there are two innermost membrane, the fetal membrane surrounds the fetus during pregnancy and is a thin tissue composed of two layers are, chorion and the amnion.
What is chorion and amnion?Amnion is the innermost layer that surrounds the developing embryo, whereas chorion is the outermost layer around the developing embryo.The amnion, yolk sac, chorion, and allantois are the membranes of the embryo, and each of these membranes begins as a thin tissue sheet enclosing a hollow filled with fluid. The amnion and yolk sac are where the first membranes are formed.Gastrulation is a complex process involving the embryo reorganizing itself to generate the three embryonic germ layers, endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm.Learn more about developing of embryo here: brainly.com/question/1191674
#SPJ4
What feature of the lifecycle differs for bryophytes compared with all other land plants?
Answer:
All bryophytes have a dominant gametophyte stage in their life cycle. During this stage, the plant is haploid and the sex organs that produce the gametes are developed. Bryophytes are unique compared to many other plant species in that they remain in this stage for long periods. Two structural changes allowed these plants to survive in a dry, terrestrial atmosphere. First, bryophytes developed cuticles, different from the layer of skin ...
The lack of vascular tissue in bryophytes, unlike all other terrestrial plants, is an aspect of their lifecycle that is unique.
The xylem and phloem-based vascular tissue is in charge of moving water, nutrients, and carbohydrates throughout the plant. It provides structural support and enables effective resource allocation. The bryophytes group, which includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, do not have true vascular tissue.
Water and nutrients are transferred through the comparatively slow processes of osmosis and diffusion in bryophytes. In the absence of vascular tissue, bryophytes have limited ability to grow tall and exhibit slight stature. In moist settings, they often develop dense mats or cushions while remaining small and close to the ground.
Learn more about bryophytes, here:
https://brainly.com/question/841138
#SPJ6
HYDROCHLORIC FLORICCARBON (HCFC) refrigerant contain?
Compounds with the elements carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine are known as HCFCs. Some of the substances in this class are considered by business and academia to be temporary substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons.
The term "HCFC refrigerant" describes the chemical make-up of the refrigerant. The name hydrochlorofluorocarbon denotes the refrigerant's composition, which is carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and hydrogen. The HCFC refrigerants R-22, R-123, R-124, and R-142b are often used.Chemicals with carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms are known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and they are neither poisonous nor combustible. They are employed as solvents, refrigerants, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, and aerosol sprays.
Learn more about HCFC by using this link:
https://brainly.com/question/14168940
#SPJ4
coraline analyzed the data and stated that the better measure of center for the women is the median. is coraline correct? explain your reasoning.
According to Coraline's analysis of the data, the median is a better indicator of the center for women. After analyzing the data, Michaela concluded that the mean is a better indicator of the center for women.
What is coraline?
The median would be the most appropriate measure of center because of the slight skew. The statistics students analyzing the data were asked to study. The perceived under representation of female speakers at prominent scientific meetings is currently a popular topic for discussion. coraline analyzed the data and stated that the better measure of center for the women is the median. Cardiac CT was performed on a total of 169 patients with HIV and 81 controls. Those who had HIV had more epicardial fat volume.
To learn more about female speakers from given link
brainly.com/question/27995786
#SPJ4
what explanation of inheritance suggests that hereditary traits are determined by discrete units that are transmitted from one generation to the next?
the response of the dbms to a query is the ____.
The response of the dbms to a query is the Query result set.
When a database management system replies to an application This is known as a?The name for a response to a query which the DBMS provides to the application is a "query result set."
What function does a DBMS serve?Data storage administration:You are spared the challenging process of specifying and programming actual physical data properties because the DBMS constructs and controls the intricate structures needed for data storage.
To know more about Query result visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28026450
#SPJ4
Which of the following techniques was most helpful to Watson and Crick in developing their model for the structure of DNA?
A Radioactive labeling
B Electrophoresis
C Cloned DNA
D Transgenic animals
E X-ray crystallography
Answer:
E. X-ray crystallography was most helpful to Watson and Crick in developing their model for the structure of DNA.
Explanation:
X-ray crystallography was most helpful to Watson and Crick in developing their model for the structure of DNA. X-ray crystallography is a technique that involves using X-ray diffraction patterns to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal. Watson and Crick used X-ray crystallography data from Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins to develop their model for the structure of DNA. They used this data to create a model that showed the structure of DNA as a double helix, which is now known to be the correct structure of DNA.
a dtc service, such as 23andme, indicates that jane has a snp that is a genetic risk factor for hypothyroidism. the snp has an odds ratio (or) of 1.5. the average population risk of developing hypothyroidism is 4%. based on this information, what is jane's overall risk of hypothyroidism?
The odds ratio (OR) for the SNP is 1.5. 4% of people in the population are at risk of getting hypothyroidism. According to this data, Jane's total risk of hypothyroidism is 6%.
When the thyroid gland is underactive or hypothyroidism, your body cannot produce enough thyroid hormones to satisfy its demands. The thyroid is a little gland at the front of your neck that resembles a butterfly. hypothyroidism hormone bioactivity may be impacted by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in thyroid hormone metabolism. Thyroid hormones (THs) attach to thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), which are nuclear hormone receptors. TRs function as ligand-activated transcription factors that bind to the target gene's promoters' cognate thyroid hormone response elements (TREs).
learn more about hypothyroidism here:
https://brainly.com/question/5785569
#SPJ4
A biologist keeps a specimen of his favorite beetle embedded in a cube of polystyrene plastic. The hapless bug appears to be 2.0cm within the plastic. Part A What is the beetle's actual distance beneath the surface? Express your answer using two significant figures..
It rounds to the most significant number in the amount. When rounding to a significant figure, look at the first non-zero digit if doing so to one. If rounding to two significant figures, look at the digit following the first non-zero digit.
Similar to how we would round a number to three decimal places, we round a number to three significant figures. When there are three digits, we start counting at the first non-zero digit. The final digit is then rounded. We add zeros to all remaining spaces to the right of the decimal point.
Learn more about the non-zero digit,
https://brainly.com/question/24211030
#SPJ4,
the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and hco3− into the small intestine to break down food and neutralize acidity.
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and hco3− into the small intestine to break down food and neutralize acidity due to pancreatic ducts. The pancreas secretes bicarbonate and water through epithelial cells in pancreatic ducts. Bicarbonate is a base that is essential for neutralizing the acid that enters the small intestine from the stomach.
Step 1: The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes, such as amylase, trypsin, and lipase, into the small intestine. These enzymes break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into simpler molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Step 2: The pancreas also secretes bicarbonate (HCO3−) into the small intestine. The bicarbonate neutralizes the acidic environment created by the stomach, which is necessary for the digestive enzymes to work properly.
Step 3: The digestive enzymes and bicarbonate then mix with the food in the small intestine, where the digestion process takes place. The enzymes break down the food into even smaller molecules, while the bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity.
Step 4: The small molecules are then absorbed into the bloodstream, where they are used as fuel or to build new proteins and other molecules. The bicarbonate also helps to maintain the acid-base balance in the body.
To know more about proteins :
brainly.com/question/29776206
#SPJ4
in a cross between an inbred strain of large guinea pigs and an inbred strain of small guinea pigs, the f1 are phenotypically uniform with an average size about intermediate between that of the two parental strains. in one experiment, the f1 progeny were allowed to mate and among 1014 f2 progeny 3 were about the same size as the small parental strain and 5 about the same size as the large parental strain. how many genes are involved in the inheritance of size in these strains of guinea pigs?
In these guinea pig strains, there are 5 genes that contribute to size inheritance.
What exactly is an inbred strain?A population of animals that is the product of at least 20 consecutive generations of brother-sister matings is referred to as an inbred strain. The resulting creatures are, in essence, genetic clones of one another.
What is strain in the breeding of animals?A strain is created by mating mice from the same family for at least 20 generations. Although some residual heterozygosity can persist up to the 60th filial generation, mice of the same strain are thought to be genetically identical to one another.
To know more about breeding visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/508892
#SPJ4
why are notochord more closely related to echinoderms than other invertebrates?
More so than arthropods, chordates are related to echinoderms.
Why do chordates and echinoderms share a closer relationship?Most closely related to in phylum Chordata, which contains many complex organisms like humans, are echinoderms.Their common ancestor most likely had a cephalized nerve system that was bilaterally symmetrical and centered in the head.
Echinoderms vary from other invertebrates for what reason?Regardless of the fact that they may appear to be very different from each other, echinoderms always share two major characteristics that set them apart from all other organisms: a fluid circulatory system and five radial symmetry.
To know more about echinoderms visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1200652
#SPJ4
Please answer as quick as possible! Thank you
The adrenal or suprarenal glands are two endocrine glands located craniomedially to the kidneys. They respond to stress by synthesizing and releasing corticosteroids, such as cortisol, and catecholamines, such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine.
EndocrineWhat hormones are produced by the Adrenal Gland?The adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline (catecholamines), which are hormones released in the acute phase of stress: in the fight-or-flight reaction. It is part of the autonomous nervous system, that is, it is not in control of our will.
What are adrenal glands?They are endocrine glands, responsible for the production of important hormones, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, which act in various organs and participate in the functioning of the organism. There are two distinct regions in the adrenal gland, the medulla and the cortex.
Learn more about adrenal glands in brainly.com/question/12499901
#SPJ1
place the following organs in the appropriate body cavity
The abdominopelvic cavity can be divided into the abdominal cavity, enclosed by the ribcage and pelvis and contains the kidneys, ureters, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas; and the pelvic cavity, enclosed by the pelvis and contains bladder, anus and reproductive system.
The cavities, or spaces, of the body contain the internal organs, or viscera. The two main cavities are called the ventral and dorsal cavities. The ventral is the larger cavity and is subdivided into two parts (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) by the diaphragm, a dome-shaped respiratory muscle.
An example of a body cavity in humans would be the cranial cavity, which houses the brain. A coelom is a special type of body cavity derived from the mesoderm, or middle layer of germ cells present in an embryo. Some organisms, like sponges, have no body cavities
Learn more about body cavity to visit this link
https://brainly.com/question/28775372
#SPJ4
04.10. A large population of land turtles on an isolated island has two alleles determines shell thickness: The allele for thinner shells is dominant shells. The over the thinner-shell allele occurs at a frequency of 20%. t0 Assuming thick or thin shells, what should there the population? frequency of homozygous thicker-she (Hint: Use a large Punnett square to calculate 49 the answer:) 16% 50% 64
The frequency of homologous thicker shelled turtles is 64%.
What is Punnett square?
The Punnett square is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who devised the approach in 1905. The diagram is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype
A large population of land turtles on an isolated island has two alleles for a gene that determines shell thickness go forth in their shells is dominant over the allele for sickle shares the thinner shell Elia appears at a frequency of 20% assuming there is no net advantage to fix a thin shell what should the frequency of homozygous sticker shelled turtles be in the population
The frequency of homologous thicker shelled turtles is 64%.
To learn more about Punnett the link is given below:
https://brainly.com/question/29606349
#SPJ1
