Three ATP molecules are consumed in the hexose stage of glycolysis for every one molecule of glucose.
What is glycolysis?The metabolic process that turns glucose into pyruvic acid is known as glycolysis. The high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are created using the free energy released during this process. A series of ten enzyme-catalyzed processes make up glycolysis.The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis. There is no need for oxygen throughout the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell. Both aerobic and anaerobic creatures experience it.The initial process in breaking down glucose to release energy for cellular metabolism is called glycolysis. An energy-consuming phase and an energy-releasing phase make up glycolysis.Learn more about glycolysis here:
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In what direction, clockwise or counterclockwise, do the major circulation patterns rotate in the northern and southern hemispheres? why does each hemisphere have a different pattern?
The Coriolis effect makes storms swirl clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere. Because earth rotates on its axis circulating air is deflected towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere this effect called Coriolis effect.
Hurriances spin counterclockwise because the Coriolis effect. The equator rotates faster than other area of earth's surface and moving in a straight line on north to south axis will curve.
In southern hemisphere currents are deflected to the left. Storm system seem to rotate clockwise. This force is caused by the earth rotation and responsible for air being.
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Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly interested in the orexin system. Which of these depressed patients would benefit most from an orexin-like drug?
Answer choices:
A patient who sleeps a lot but still feels tired in the morning
A patient who reports sluggishness and lethargy which impacts their daytime work
A patient who deals with extreme irritability and fear at everyday situations
A patient who thinks poorly of themselves and can't stop fixating on it
Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly interested in the orexin system for a patient who reports sluggishness and lethargy which impacts their daytime work
A syndrome when victims are unable to sustain regular levels of daytime wakefulness We have made significant advancements in our comprehension of the physiology and operation of the orexin system since these early foundational studies. For instance, the orexin system has been recognized as a crucial modulator of attention, arousal, reward, and neuroendocrine function. Notably, research on animals indicates that orexin function dysregulation is linked to neuropsychiatric conditions including addiction and mood disorders like despair and anxiety.
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Which diagnostic test assesses blood flow in the retina after injection of a dye?
Fluorescein angiography is an eye test that uses a special dye and camera to look at blood flow in the retina and choroid.
A fluorescein angiogram looks at the blood vessels and the lining at the back of your eye (the retina). This test can pick up changes in the condition of your eyes. It can help the specialist make a diagnosis or tell them how well treatment is working.
Although commonly referred to as fluorescein, the dye used for fluorescein angiography is actually fluorescein sodium (C20 H10 Na2 O5). It is the water-soluble salt of fluorescein, also known as resorcinolphthalein sodium.
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__________ refers to deterioration of intellectual abilities caused by an organic brain disorder.
Dementia refers to deterioration of intellectual abilities caused by an organic brain disorder.
What is dementia?In dementia, a person loses memory, has trouble in reasoning and solving problems and other such symptoms which interfere in the normal activities of an individual. It is caused due to brain cell damage which hinders the brain cells in interacting with each other while generating responses.Dementia is not a distinct disease but is caused due to a variety of medical conditions especially Alzheimer’s disease.Symptoms can be managed by medications and therapy but there is no proper cure of dementia in later stages.Certain factors which increase the risk of dementia are smoking, diabetes, aging, alcohol abuse.A person even has difficulties in remembering the name of close ones.Learn more about dementia here:
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HELP PLS!! (I NEED ANSWERS BY TOMORROW PLEASEEEE) Kerry was investigating how the angle of incidence of radiant energy on a surface affects the rate of temperature rise of the surface. A paper pocket holding a thermometer was placed near a lamp. The paper pocket was then placed at various angles so that the angle of incidence of the radiant energy varied. Kerry made sure the distance to the lamp was the same for each of his trials. The following table shows the data recorded by Kerry. Using the data, describe the relation between the angle of incidence and the rate of temperature change.
Answer:
Hey there!
Explanation:
This is ur answer....
Refer to the attached pics...Hope it helps!
Brainliest pls!
Have a good day!^^
For newborns, the penetration depth of safety lancets for blood collection must be?
For newborns, the penetration depth of safety lancets for blood collection must be 0.85 mm
Safety lancets are single-use, sterile instruments used to draw blood from capillaries. Healthcare professionals and lay consumers are the intended users, depending on the safety lancets type.
Blood collection is a procedure where blood is drawn from a vein using a needle, typically for laboratory testing. Phlebotomy can also be used to treat some blood problems by removing extra red blood cells from the blood. Blood collection is taken from donors so that it can be used for a variety of medicinal purposes.
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Professor basco is lecturing about the nervous system. he tells the class that the role of the pituitary gland is to make and release _____ into ______.
Answer:
The pituitary gland makes, stores and releases
hormones. The pituitary gland is located at the base of your brain below your hypothalamus
The main function of your pituitary gland is to produce and
release several hormones that help carry out important
bodily functions, including: Growth. Metabolism (how your
body transforms and manages the energy from the food
you eat). Reproduction.
What does it mean when we say that genetic factors influence what dose of a drug will be safest and most effective for you?
Genetic factors influence what dose of a drug will be safest and most effective for you It means different people frequently react differently to the same medication therapy.
The physiological processes that make up the drug disposal process are intricate and start happening as soon as the medication is administered. The medicine is carried up by the body and delivered to the locations that need it. There, it interacts with cellular elements like receptors and enzymes to undergo additional metabolization before being eliminated from the body.
Genetic diversity has the potential to change an individual's therapeutic response at any moment along this process and result in a negative medication reaction (ADR). According to estimates, genetic diversity accounts for 20 to 95 per cent of the variability in drug disposition, such as ADRs.
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The _____ approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the brain.
The behavioural neuroscience approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the brain.
This field typically looks at the neurotransmissions in the brain and the psychological processes connected to biological activity. It is a more comprehensive, up-to-date version of physiological psychology and includes a variety of subjects, such as neuropsychology, learning and memory, motivation and emotion, and sensory processes, as well as the genetic and molecular biological underpinnings of behaviour.
By improving our knowledge of how to evaluate, comprehend, predict, enhance, and manage human behaviour, behavioural neuroscience research studies equip us with the means to handle a wide range of societal problems.
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Economic growth provides society ______. multiple select question. greater material abundance fewer goods and services more goods and services higher living standards a lower quality of goods
Economic growth provides society more goods and services.
So, option third is correct one.
The economic growth increases state capacity and the supply of public growth. When economies grow , states can tax that revenue and gain the capacity and resources that needed to provide public goods and service that citizen needs like education , healthcare facilities , social protection and other basic public services which helps in development of the societies. It can also increases in capital goods , labor force , technology, and human capital can all contribute to economic growth.
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_________________ was the first to describe that traits inherited from parents and adaptations to environment shaped organisms.
Buffon was the first to describe traits inherited from parents and adaptations to environment-shaped organisms.
What was the idea proposed by Buffon?The fundamental tenet of contemporary evolutionary theory is that species evolve with time, according to Buffon. Comparative anatomy, a method he developed for comparing comparable features in various species, is still employed today to research evolution and is covered in the section on proof for evolution.
Despite the fact that Buffon's findings convinced him that species do indeed change through time, he was unable to suggest a mechanism for how this transition happened.
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Plasma cells:________
a) all of these choices are correct.
b) function in cell-mediated immunity.
c) function in blood clotting.
d) are derived from t-lymphocytes.
e) produce and secrete antibodies
Plasma cells derived from differentiated B lymphocytes performs variety of functions. So the correct answer is a) all of these choices are correct.
Differentiated B-lymphocyte white blood cells(WBCs) called plasma cells are able to secrete immunoglobulin or antibodies. These cells, which are the primary cells in charge of humoral immunity, play a crucial part in the adaptive immune response.
An individual is considered to have agammaglobulinemia without them and is extremely vulnerable to repeated infection. Here, the clinical manifestations brought on by inappropriate plasma cell growth and development are examined, along with the haematological lineage, structure, and function of plasma cells. Plasma cells produce factors which are essential for blood clotting.
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Maintaining osmolarity is important to the body because the membranes of most cell types are freely permeable to ____. anions water proteins cations mastering
Maintaining osmolarity is important to the body because the membranes of most cell types are freely permeable to water.
Water can pass through the membrane easily by a process like diffusion called as Osmosis.
The cell wall is freely permeable to water and nutrients since these are easily exchanged by the inner and the outer environment of the cell.
Osmolarity of the body is defined as the measure of substances that can be dissolved. If excess concentration is present then, osmolarity is also high.
Osmolarity of body increases whenever we are lacking water i.e. dehydrated and similarly osmolarity decreases when we have excess fluid in the blood.
Osmolarity increase causes a release of Anti diuretic hormones i.e. they control water level in the body. Osmosis play a vital role in the functioning of the reactions that are carried out in the body.
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The _____ stage lasts approximately _____ week(s), beginning at conception.
a. fetal; 9
b. embryonic; 4
c. neonatal; 1
d. germinal; 2
The embryonic stage lasts approximately 4 week(s), beginning at conception. Details about stages of development can be found below.
What are the stages of development?The stages of development of a human is summarized into four stages as follows:
Embryonic stageGerminal stageFetal stageIn the embryonic stage of development, which occurs after conception, the baby is called an embryo. Embryonic stage lasts 4 weeks.
During the embryonic stage, the cells of the embryo (called embryonic stem cells) multiply and develop. They become the hundreds of different types of cells needed to make a whole human body.
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One of the major problems associated with long-term, high-level nuclear waste storage is?
One of the major problems associated with long-term, high-level nuclear waste storage is selecting an environment that will remain stable for many years (e.g., 10,000 years or more).
What is nuclear waste?The expression 'nuclear waste' makes reference to the radioactive waste produced by nuclear power plants, which is highly toxic and may cause severe harm to the ecosystems and human populations.
Nuclear waste always must be kept in safety containers that will be stored for many thousand years until radioactivity decays.
In conclusion, one of the major problems associated with long-term, high-level nuclear waste storage is selecting an environment that will remain stable for many years (e.g., 10,000 years or more).
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In which type of nondisjunction could the two copies of a chromosome in a gamete be heterozygous?.
Gametes with two heterozygous copies of a chromosome may result from nondisjunction in either meiotic division.
What three types of nondisjunction are there?Nondisjunction can take one of three different forms: failing to separate a homologous pair of chromosomes during meiosis I; failing to separate sister chromatids during meiosis II; or failing to separate sister chromatids during mitosis.
How can you tell whether nondisjunction takes place in meiosis 1 or 2?Nondisjunction, which can lead to an aberrant amount of chromosome-bearing gametes, can happen during meiosis I and meiosis II. The primary distinction between nondisjunction in meiosis 1 and 2 is that whereas sister chromatids fail to separate in meiosis II, homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis 1.What are mitotic and meiotic divisions?Mitosis and meiosis are the two distinct processes of cell division.When people talk about "cell division," they typically mean mitosis, which is the process of creating new cells for the body. The cell division process known as meiosis is what produces egg and sperm cells. A vital process for life is mitosis.learn more about Nondisjunction during meiosis here
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Ostriches don’t use their wings for flight, but they do use them for other functions, such as mating rituals and balance. many ancestors of ostriches did fly. what can you conclude about ostrich behavior from this information?
Stimulation of what area causes contraction of muscles on the opposite side of the body?
Stimulation of Myofibrils present in the Muscle causes contraction.
A muscle contraction occurs when the Action Potential travels along the nerves thereby leading to contraction.
The action potential generated at the muscle occurs due to the release of Acetylcholine through the motor neuron. Calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle are released on detection of action potential leading to the further events of muscle contraction by shortening of the length of the sarcomeres running along the length of the myofibrils.
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Why are amphibians known as the ""planet’s greatest survivors""? How have they evolved over time?
Amphibians are referred to as the "planet's greatest survivors" because they have repeatedly avoided extinction over the course of 400 million years.
How did the amphibians survive?
Over the years, the amphibians have had to adapt to various surroundings. Small animals called amphibians require water or a moist environment to exist. This group of species includes newts, salamanders, toads, and frogs. All have extremely thin skin that allows them to breathe and absorb water. Additionally, amphibians have unique skin glands that create functional proteins.
According to fossil evidence, amphibians descended from lobe-finned lungfish about 365 million years ago. They were very successful since they were the first terrestrial vertebrates. Some of them were considerably bigger than modern-day amphibians. The predominant group of land vertebrates for more than 100 million years was amphibians.
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Shiga toxin kills cells by preventing protein synthesis.
a. true
b. false
Unrepaired single-stranded dna breaks can lead to double-stranded dna breaks during the next round of replication. Which repair pathway would be most appropriate for repairing double-stranded dna breaks?.
Nonhomologous end joining would be most appropriate for repairing double-stranded DNA breaks.
How are double stranded breaks in DNA repair?Homologous recombination and nonhomologous DNA end joining are the two main mechanisms for mending double-strand DNA breaks, which often occur in eukaryotic cells.DNA ends that need to be repaired have a different chemistry as a result of the many causes of DSBs.The enzymes of the NHEJ pathway display a remarkable level of structural tolerance in the variety of DNA end substrate configurations upon which they may function over the course of NHEJ development.The nuclease, polymerases, and ligases of NHEJ are the most versatile and mechanistically adaptable enzymes in each of their classes in vertebrate cells.To learn more about double-stranded DNA breaks from the given link
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Which type of lipids are the most abundant in the plasma membrane?
a. phospholipids
b. glycolipids
c. sterols
d. triacylglycerides
Phospholipids type of lipids are the most abundant in the plasma membrane.
What is phospholipids?Phospholipids are a subclass of lipids that have two hydrophobic "tails" made of fatty acids connected by an alcohol residue, one of which is a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group. Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA are frequently incorporated into the phospholipid molecule of marine phospholipids.Phospholipids are compound lipids made of alcohol, fatty acids, nitrogen base, and phosphoric acids. These intricate lipids, which also give the membranes their fluidity, make up the majority of the cell membrane.A class of polar lipids known as phospholipids (PL) is made up of two fatty acids, a glycerol unit, and a phosphate group that is esterified to an organic molecule (X) like choline, ethanolamine, inositol, etc.Esters of glycerol, fatty acids, phosphoric acid, and other alcohols make up phospholipids. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine are the four most prevalent phospholipids.Learn more about phospholipid here:
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When a portion of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome this is called a:_______
Answer:
Translocation
Explanation:
You collect individuals from different allopatric populations of a leaf-eating beetle. In the laboratory, you conduct mate-choice experiments to assess levels of reproductive isolation among beetles from different populations. Assuming that ecological speciation occurred in the wild, which pattern should you expect?.
Less reproductive isolation among populations that share similar habitats
What is Reproductive Isolation?The reproductive isolation mechanisms are a set of evolutionary mechanisms, behavioral, and physiological processes that are essential for speciation.
They either prohibit individuals of other species from having children or guarantee that any children are infertile. When individuals or groups diverge in the time of various behaviors, such as foraging or mating, reproductive isolation can arise.
Toad species Bufo americanus and Bufo fowleri exhibit reproductive isolation due to changes in mating season. Members of these species can successfully cross in the lab, resulting in healthy, viable hybrids. Temporal isolation, ecological isolation, behavioral isolation, and mechanical isolation are the three modes.
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What is bone made of? List and give the percentages of the cellular and extracellular components of bone.
The water and carbon dioxide from the air combine to make
Answer:
In photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water from the atmosphere are converted into sugar(Glucose).
This is the process of photosynthesis
which of the following statements is true about Charles Darwin? A. He supported Lamarck’s theory of evolution. B. He believed evolution occurred in each individual organism. C. None of these. D. He understood natural variation occurs from mutations in DNA.
Answer:
He supported Lamarck’s theory of evolution.
Charles Darwin was a scientist who discovered the theory of evolution. He understood that variation occurs through mutations, the correct answer is option D.
Natural selection, which he explained, explains how species change over time. Darwin understood that variation within a population is essential for evolution to occur, despite not having knowledge of DNA or genetics.
In "On the Origin of Species," Darwin outlined how variation within species results from random variations in individual traits. Future generations may inherit and carry on these variations. Positive variations in a population may increase in frequency over time, resulting in the emergence of new species.
Despite not knowing about DNA mutations, Darwin's understanding of variation laid the groundwork for our current understanding of genetics and the role that mutations play in driving evolutionary change.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
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At the end of meiosis i, there are two haploid cells, each with two sister chromatids per chromosome. True or false?.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
True.
At the end of meiosis I, there are two haploid cells.
What is the process of meiosis I?
Meiosis I refers to the initial nuclear division that takes place when gametes are formed. Due to the fact that the resulting cells have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell, it is also referred to as the reduction division. Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I are the four phases that make up Meiosis I.
Prophase I:
The chromosomes condense during prophase I and become apparent inside the nucleus. Following this chromosomal condensation, each chromosome pair's members align adjacent to one another and are referred to as homologous chromosomes because of their identical size and gene content.
At this stage, a mechanism known as synaptic attachment occurs between the two chromosomes in each pair along their lengths. Then, while the homologous chromosomes are tightly coupled, the individuals within each pair cross over, also known as recombination, to exchange neighboring pieces of DNA. The nuclear membrane eventually starts to deteriorate after the conclusion of prophase I.
Metaphase I:
Microtubules leave the spindle at the beginning of metaphase I and join the kinetochore close to the centromere of each chromosome. In specifically, microtubules from one spindle side bind to one chromosome while those from the other spindle side adhere to the other chromosome in each homologous pair. The chromosomal pairs subsequently align themselves along the equator of the cell, forming the metaphase plate, with the assistance of these microtubules.
Anaphase I:
The homologous chromosomes are separated during anaphase I by the disintegration and contraction of the microtubules, which causes the two chromosomes in each pair to be drawn toward the opposite ends of the cell. Because of this division, each daughter cell that emerges from meiosis I will have half as many chromosomes following interphase as the original parent cell. Additionally, each chromosome's sister chromatid still has a connection.
Telophase I:
In telophase I, the cytoplasm organizes and separates into two as the new chromosomes approach the spindle. Now there are two cells, and each one has half as many chromosomes as its parent cell did. The recombination that took place during prophase I also caused the two daughter cells to not be genetically identical to one another.
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What is the net production of atp molecules per glucose molecule in the muscles if glycogen is the source of the glucose?.
3 mol
If glycogen is the source of the glucose, the muscles produce 3 mol of ATP for every molecule of glucose.
To maintain the oxidation of glucose and the net output of 2 ATP per mol of glucose oxidized, NADH is converted to NAD+ via the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, which is mediated by lactate dehydrogenase (or 3 mol of ATP if the source is muscle glycogen).
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP,
When glycogen is broken down in the muscles, the following reaction takes place:
(Glucose)n + Pi (Glucose)n-1 + (Glucose)-1-phosphate
If glucose comes from glycogen, what is the net generation of ATP molecules per glucose molecule in the muscles?NADH is converted to NAD+ via the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, which is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, in order to maintain the oxidation of glucose and the net yield of 2 ATP per mol of glucose oxidized (or 3 mol of ATP if the source is muscle glycogen).
What is the glucose molecule's net ATP production?In aerobic respiration, one glucose molecule results in a net ATP gain of 38 ATP. It includes the ATP generated during the glycolysis process, link reaction, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport system from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2, which results in the production of 3 ATP and 2 ATP, respectively.
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What is the maximum number of white blood cells allowed in a leukocyte-reduced unit of red blood cells?
Answer:
8
Explanation:
What is the number of white blood cells permitted in a unit of leukoreduced red cells? 8 g/dL owing to chemotherapy with a drug known to cause bone marrow depression and immunodeficiency.
