How many moles of calcium chloride would react with 5. 99 moles of aluminum oxide?

Because carbon dioxide dissolves in water and is transported by rain to the surface where it combines with rocks to generate carbonates, the Earth's atmosphere contains significantly less carbon dioxide than Venus's atmosphere.

Since Venus' atmosphere is around 100 times thicker than the earth's and extremely dense. Venus must be sufficiently close to the Sun for the little carbon dioxide in its early atmosphere to have heated the surface and released additional carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Nitrogen makes up 79% of the atmosphere on Earth, along with oxygen (20%) and a trace amount of other gases including carbon dioxide and water vapor. On Venus and Mars, however, carbon dioxide makes up the majority of the atmosphere.

In Venus's original ocean drained, water vapor molecules were dispersed by ultraviolet light, and hydrogen was released into space. There was no longer any surface water, and the amount of carbon dioxide increased.

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Answer:

i think its -91.6

Explanation:

2 ( - 950.8) - (( - 1130.7) + ( - 393.5) + ( - 285.8))

The standard enthalpy change for the given reaction is approximately 91.9 kJ mol⁻¹.

The heat produced during a chemical reaction under specific conditions is known as the standard enthalpy change, abbreviated as H° (zero delta H). Standard conditions often refer to all reactants and products in their standard states, which are their most stable forms at 298 K and 1 bar (or 1 atm) pressure.

Hess's law, which states that the total enthalpy change of a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes of its component phases, is used to calculate the standard enthalpy change of the reaction.

The following reaction is given:

[tex]\rm 2 NaHCO_3(s)--- > Na_2CO_3(s)+ CO_2(g) + H_2O(l)[/tex]

The relevant enthalpy changes of formation are:

ΔH°[NaHCO3(s)] = -950.8 kJ mol⁻¹

ΔH°[Na2CO3(s)] = -1130.7 kJ mol⁻¹

ΔH°[CO2(g)] = -393.5 kJ mol⁻¹

ΔH°[H2O(l)] = -285.8 kJ mol⁻¹

By using Hess's Law, the standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) for the reaction can be calculated as follows:

ΔH° = Σ (products) - Σ (reactants)

ΔH° = [ΔH°[[tex]\rm Na_2CO_3[/tex](s)] + ΔH°[[tex]\rm CO_2[/tex](g)] + ΔH°[H2O(l)]] - [2 × ΔH°[[tex]\rm NaHCO_3[/tex](s)]]

ΔH° = [-1130.7 kJ mol⁻¹ + (-393.5 kJ mol⁻¹) + (-285.8 kJ mol⁻¹)] - [2 × (-950.8 kJ mol⁻¹)]

ΔH° = [-1809.7 kJ mol⁻¹] - [-1901.6 kJ mol⁻¹]

ΔH° ≈ -1809.7 kJ mol⁻¹ + 1901.6 kJ mol⁻¹

ΔH° ≈ 91.9 kJ mol⁻¹

Hence, the standard enthalpy change for the given reaction is approximately 91.9 kJ mol⁻¹.

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Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3BaI₂ → 2AlI₃ + 3BaSO₄

Bohr's model explained the position of the electron, proton, and neutron in the atom of the element. The energy at the n = 2 level of the atom will be - 3.40 eV.

The principal quantum number (n) has been the distance of the electron of that atom in the nucleus and its energy in the structure. It can also be said to define the size of the atomic orbit.

n = 2 is the first excited state whose energy is calculated as:

Eₙ = − 13.6 ÷ n² eV

E₂ = - 13.6 eV ÷ 2²

= -3.40 eV

Therefore, -3.40 eV is the energy of electron at n = 2.

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Answer: The process is diffusion.

Explanation:

a dark liquid will have the highest concentration of dark purple atoms/molecules so it gives a concentrated colour.

when water is added to it, the colourless water molecules fill up the gaps between the purple particles and so their colour fades and becomes lighter and lighter as we add more water. see the image attached where imagine the red particles are water and the blue particles are purple particles. thats why the colour fades.

Answer:

liquid

Explanation:

Gas has very low density but spreads fast. Solid has high density.

8.62%

8.62% is the percent error of the experiment.

Rounding to the nearest hundredth value will be 8.620.

(-655 - -603)/(-603) = 0.0862

Multiply by 100%,

(0.0862) x 100% = 8.62%

The percent error is the difference between the estimated value and the actual value in relation to the actual value.

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The pH at the equivalence point for the titration of 0. 22 m HCN with 0. 22 m NaOH is 11.17

Calculation,

Concentration of NaCN = 0. 22 m/ 2 = 0.11 M ( at equal volumes of acid and base will be used).

The equilibrium is ,

HCN +[tex]H_{2} O[/tex]  → [tex]H^{+} + CN^{-}[/tex]

C(1-x)              Cx      Cx

Where x , is the degree of hydrolysis and

[tex]K_{h}[/tex] = C[tex]x^{2}[/tex]/(1-x)

We know that [tex]K_{h}[/tex] = [tex]K_{w}/K_{a}[/tex] = 1 ×[tex]10^{-14}[/tex]/4. 9 ×[tex]10^{-10}[/tex] =  2.04×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]

[tex]K_{h}[/tex] =  C[tex]x^{2}[/tex] =   2.04×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]  = 0.11 M×[tex]x^{2}[/tex]

[tex]x^{2}[/tex] =  2.04×[tex]10^{-5}[/tex]/0.11 M

x = 1.36×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex]

[tex][OH^{-} ][/tex] = Cx =  1.36×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex] × 0.11 M = 0.15×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex]

[tex][H^{+} ][/tex] =  1 ×[tex]10^{-14}[/tex]/ 0.15×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex] = 6.66×[tex]10^{-12}[/tex]

pH = -㏒[tex][H^{+} ][/tex] = -㏒6.66×[tex]10^{-12}[/tex] = 11.17

The pH at the equivalence point for the titration is  11.17.

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The hybridization states of the carbon atoms involved in the conversion of trans to cis retinal is sp2.

What is Hybridization?

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The number of electrons, which are present in the nonbonding π molecular orbital of the allyl anion is "0".

Anions, cations, but also allylic radicals have always been frequently mentioned as reaction intermediates. Each one has three adjacent [tex]sp^{2}[/tex]-hybridized carbon centers, and they all rely on resonance for stability. Two resonance structures would be used to present each species, with the charge as well as unpaired electron scattered across both the 1,3 and 0 positions.

The Aufbau principle states that these orbitals would fill up based on the order of stability, therefore a typical pi bond, will have 2 electrons in the Pi orbital as well as zero in the Pi* orbital.

Therefore, the correct answer will be option (d)

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The kf of Ag(NH₃)₂ for the given equation is 2.786 x 10⁷.

kf value can be calculated by dividing the molal concentration with the freezing point of depression.

The reaction are given:

Ag+(aq) + e- ⇋ Ag(s) E0= 0.81 V

Ag(NH₃)₂ +(aq) + e- ⇋ Ag(s) + 2NH₃(aq) E0= 0.37 V

To get Kf of Ag(NH₃)₂  we will rearrange the above written equations

a. Ag +(aq) + e- ⇋ Ag(s) E0= 0.81 V

b. Ag(s) + 2NH₃(aq) ⇋ Ag(NH₃)₂ +(aq) + e- E0= - 0.37 V

Adding equation (a) and equation (b) we will get

Ag +(aq) + 2NH₃(aq) ⇋ Ag(NH₃)₂  + (aq) Eo = 0.81 -0.37 = 0.44 V

By the Ernst equation,

E = E° - 0.0591 logkf

Now Kf is calculated at equilibrium and at equilibrium E = 0,

The number of transfer of electron is 1 ( 1 e-) , n=1

E° = 0.44 V

Substituting all the values in Ernst equation

0 - 0.44 - 0.0591/ 1 logkf

logkf = 0.44/ 0.0591

kf = 10 (0.44/ 0.0591)

Kf = 2.786 x 10⁷

Hence, Kf of Ag(NH₃)₂ for the given equation is 2.786 x 10⁷.

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The corresponding concentration values of OH⁻  for the pH values

of following are -

1- 10⁻¹

3- 10⁻³

5- 10⁻⁵

7- 10⁻⁷

9-  10⁻⁹

11- 10⁻¹¹

pH is a logarithmic measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution pH = -log[H+]

pH describes how acidic or basic an aqueous solution is, where a pH below 7 is acidic and a pH greater than 7 is basic. pH of 7 is considered neutral .

Functions of OH−    :

OH− functions as a base .

Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.

Hence, this way pH values of these concentrations are mentioned .

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Answer 6

Explanation: That means a carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

Nh4cl is sometimes preferred instead of hcl or h2so4 for "acid" work-up after grignard reactions, particularly when the expected and desired product is a tertiary alcohol because NH4+ is a much milder acid than HCl or H2SO4, which achieve the protonation of

the oxyanion to yield the alcohol while minimizing the risk of dehydration.

Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is the used as reagent that quenches the magnesium alkoxide product of the Grignard addition.

It is a proton source without being acidic as in acidic medium the protonation of the tertiary alcohol product and elimination to the alkene.

In the presence of HCl or any other strong acid protonation proceed and form alkene but not with ammonium chloride.

Thus from above we concluded that Nh4cl is preferred instead of hcl or h2so4 for "acid" work-up after grignard reactions.

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Answer:

you better give me brainliest

Explanation:

Zinc nitrate and calcium nitrate solution can be distinguished by reaction with ammonium hydroxide. Zinc forms a white gelatinous ppt. whereas there is no precipitation of calcium hydroxide even with excess of ammonium hydroxide

The reaction with H₂ & Raney Ni (Catalytic Hydrogenation) can be used to reduce aldehydes and ketones to alcohols.

An Aldehyde is a functional group which contains the carbonyl group that is -C = O. The structural formula for aldehyde is RCHO.

Reaction of Aldehyde with H₂ & Raney Ni gives Primary alcohol

RCHO + H₂ & Raney Ni → RCH₂OH

A Ketone is a functional group which contains the carbonyl group that is -C = O. The structural formula for ketone is RCOR.

Reaction of Ketone with H₂ & Raney Ni gives Secondary alcohol

RCOR + H₂ & Raney Ni → RCH(OH)R

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The reaction with H₂ , Raney Ni can be used to reduce aldehydes and ketones to alcohols.

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Theoretical yield = 2.397

The product could be sodium carbonate

percent yield = 98.456%

When nahco3 completely decomposes, it can follow this balanced chemical equation:

2nahco3 → na2co3 h2co3

If the mass of the NaHCO3 sample is 3.80 g, we must use stoichiometry to calculate the theoretical yields of each of the products.

mass of NaHCO₃ = 3.80 g

molar mass of NaHCO₃ = 84 g/mol

so the no of moles of NaHCO₃ = 3.80/84 =  0.0452 mol

You see, one mole of sodium carbonate and one mole of hydrogen carbonate are produced from two moles of sodium bicarbonate.

so, the no of moles of sodium carbonate = 0.0452/2 = 0.0226 mol

∴ mass of sodium carbonate ( Na₂CO₃) = no of moles of Na₂CO₃ × molar mass of Na₂CO₃

=  0.0226 × 106 ≈ 2.397 g

no of moles of hydrogen carbonate = 0.0452/2 = 0.0226 mol

mass of the hydrogen carbonate ( H₂CO₃) = no of moles of H₂CO₃ × molar mass of H₂CO₃

= 0.0226 × 62 g = 1.401 g

mass of one of the products was measured to be 2.36 g , from above data, we can say it must be sodium carbonate because value is the nearest of 2.397 g.

percentage yield = experimental yield/theoretical yield × 100

here experimental yield of Na₂CO₃ = 2.36 g

and theoretical yield of Na₂CO₃ = 2.397 g

∴ % yield = 2.36/2.397 × 100 ≈ 98.456%

Therefore the percentage yield of the product is 98.456%

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THEIR ANSWER IS RIGTH, ALL THREE PARTS

Theoretical yeild is 2.397, sodium bicarbonate is the possible product I chose, and percent yeild is 98.456

The oxygen consumption rate of a 200 kg seal is 10 ml/(g h). If it has oxygen stores of 2 liters, then minutes can it dive before running completely out of oxygen is 0.06min.

Oxygen is one of the most vital element of the organism which is required by almost all the cellular and for all metabolic activities to perform body function.

It is consumed by the respiratory system and passed ro each cell by circulatory system of the body.

Given,

Mass of seal = 200kg = 200000 g

Rate of oxygen consumption = 10 ml/gh

The volume of stored O2 = 2000mL

The time of consumption is calculated as

t = V/mr

t = 2000/200000×10

t = 0.001 hrs

In minutes

t = 0.06min.

Thus 0.06min is required to dive out the oxygen stores of 2 litre.

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The ka of the acid will be-

HA(aq)+OH−(aq)→A−(aq)+H2O(l)

You have the half-equivalence point when

[HA]=[A−]

it suggests that

log([HA][A−])=log(1)=0

As a result, it can be said that the pH of the solution and the pKa of the weak acid are equivalent at the half-equivalence point.

At the halfway point of equivalence: pH=pKa

The acid dissociation constant of the weak acid, Ka, determines the pKa. pKa=log(Ka), which indicates that Ka=10pKa.

Ka=10pH will be present when the two points are half equal.

Enter your value to determine Ka=105.67=2.1106.

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The hydroxide ion concentration [OH-] in an aqueous solution is 6.66 x 10⁻⁹ M

Experimental measurements of the pKw of water at 25ºC yielded a result of 14.0. The same method used to determine the pKa of all other water-soluble compounds that can function as acids in aqueous solution can also be used to determine this value from the examination of thermodynamic or electrochemical data for these aqueous solutions.

Water has a pkw=14

So it can be represented as,

[H+] [OH-] = 1×10^-14

Given [H+] = 1. 5×10^−6

So, [OH-] = (1*10^-14) / ( 1.5*10^-6)

               = 6.66 x 10⁻⁹ M

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The percentage yield of the  new production technique is 82.8%

Production is the procedure by which finished products are obtained form the raw materials. The production process involves the passing of raw materials through a certain procedure that involves the use of certain machines and equipment to give us the required products.

We are told in the question that there are three shifts;

Shift 1 produces 4562 grams

Shift 2 produces 5783 grams

Shift 3 produces 5247 grams

Average production from the three shifts = 4562 grams + 5783 grams +  5247 grams/3 = 5197 grams

The theoretical average yield is =  7000 grams + 7000 grams + 7000 grams/3 = 7000 grams

Now the percentage yield = actual yield/ theoretical yield * 100/1

percentage yield = 5197 grams/7000 grams * 100/1

percentage yield = 82.8%

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Here BA is benzoic acid and B- is conjugate base;

BA is weaker than B- because the Ka < Kb

--> BA is stronger than B- because the Ka > Kb

BA is stronger than B- because the Ka < Kb

BA is weaker than B- because the Ka > Kb

A conjugate acid-base pair, according to the Brnsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases, consists of two substances that are distinct only in that they contain a proton (H+). When a proton is supplied to a base, a conjugate acid is created, and vice versa when a proton is taken away from an acid, a conjugate base is created. Yuki Jung was the creator.

The power of an acid (or base) is inversely proportional to the power of its conjugate base (or conjugate acid): The conjugate base of an acid is weaker the stronger it is. The conjugate base of a weaker acid has a stronger base. A pair of chemical species known as conjugate acid and conjugate base exhibit opposing chemical behaviors.

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The number of π molecular orbitals in a molecule is always equal to the number of p orbitals used to construct the π bonds.

An electron's position and wave-like behavior within a molecule are described by a mathematical function called a molecular orbital. Chemical, as well as physical properties like the probability of locating an electron in a particular area, can be determined using this function.

A molecular orbital would be created when two atomic orbitals cross one other along the internuclear axis. A molecular orbital is created when two atomic orbitals cross each other sideways.

Therefore, the number of π molecular orbitals in a molecule is always equal to the number of p orbitals used to construct the π bonds.

Hence, the correct answer will be option (a).

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NaBH4 is blind + will reduce other functional groups.

Functional groups:

The aldehyde group in o-vanillin would be converted to alcohol if it had been added during step one (imine production). Because the carbon is not sufficiently nucleophilic, p-toluidine would not attack and imine would not form in the maximum yield.

Regardless of the other atoms in the molecule, a functional group is a collection of atoms that have specific chemical characteristics. Covalent bonds bind the atoms in a functional group to the other molecules in the molecule as well as to one another. Examples: Alcohol, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic acid, Halogens, Double & Triple covalent bonds.

A carbonyl in which the carbon atom is linked to at least one hydrogen atom is called an aldehyde. An R-group or a hydrogen atom could be the other group joined to the carbonyl. Aldehydes are a highly reactive form of carbonyl because of the tiny size of the hydrogen atom, which makes it relatively simple for other molecules to approach the partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon. Aldehydes are adaptable reactants used in numerous different organic synthesis processes. Numerous aldehydes also have unique tastes and odors.

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91.4 grams

91.4 grams of kcl in grams must be added to 500 ml of a 0. 15 m kcl solution to produce a 0. 40 m solution.

C = mol/volume

2.45M=mol/0.5L

2.45M⋅0.5L = mol

mol = 1.225

Convert no. of moles to grams using the atomic mass of K + Cl

1.225mol * [tex]\frac{39.1+35.5}{mol}[/tex]

mol=1.225

=1.225 mol . [tex]\frac{74.6g}{mol}[/tex]

=1.225 . 74.6

=91.4g

therefore, 91.4 grams of kcl in grams must be added to 500 ml of a 0. 15 m kcl solution to produce a 0. 40 m solution.

What is 1 molar solution?

In order to create a 1 molar (M) solution, 1.0 Gram Molecular Weight of the chemical must be dissolved in 1 liter of water.

58.44 g make up a 1M solution of NaCl.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The final answer has a different set of units. In particular, kilograms (kg) changes to grams (g) and meters (m) changes to centimeters (cm). To make this change, you need to multiply the first value by proportions.

When writing these proportions, it is important that they are arranged in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. For instance, since both kg and m are located in the numerator, they must be located in the denominators of the conversions.

Proportions:

1 kg = 1,000 g

1 m = 100 cm

The full expression:

As you can see, the old units cancel out and you are left with g and cm in the numerator.

The the mass of the heavier isotope of chlorine (in amu) is 73.932 amu.

The term isotopes refers atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass number. We must know that all these atoms belong to the same element an differ only in the number of neutrons present in the atom of the element. Hence isotopes are different atoms of the same element hence they have the same chemical properties or reactivity. The mass spectrum is able to show the masses of each of the isotopes according to their order of relative abundance in nature.

Looking at the peaks, we know that the heaviest isotope is the one whose mass will have the highest peak as shown in the mass spectrum of the element as shown. Thus, the the mass of the heavier isotope of chlorine (in amu) is 73.932 amu. The mass spectrum of element also shows this fact.

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The percentage of volume of ethanol is 9.5%.

Volume/volume percentage (v/v% or percent v/v) is a unit used to express how much of a material is present in a solution. It is defined as the volume of the solute divided by the sum of the volumes of the solution, multiplied by one hundred. Examples: The average alcohol concentration (v/v%) of wine is 12 percent.

The formula used to get the volume of ethanol in percentages is

Percent of volume of ethanol = (volume of solute / total volume) *  100

Percent volume of Ethanol = (volume of ethanol  / total volume)  * 100

                                            =  95mL  / 1000mL  *  100

                                            = 9.5%

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Student e accounted for the equivalent weight found for succinic acid by analyzing its titration with [tex]NaOH[/tex] (aq) and concluding that it is diprotic.

One mole of succinic acid required two mole of base to neutralize completely. In this titration phenolphthalein indicator is used to observe the completion of the reaction. In an aqueous solution, succinic acid readily ionize to form succenate. Succinic acid undergoes two successive deprotonation reaction.

The succinic acid results in succinate ( dicarboxylic acid dianion ) which is form by removal of a proton from both carboxy groups of succinic acid.

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