The valence electrons are present in the lewis formula for the perchlorate ion will be 32.
The electrons in such an atom's outermost atomic shell known as the valence electrons may be those that orbit the nucleus. Core electrons are mostly in filled orbitals some of which are located closest to the nucleus.
The formula of perchlorate ion is [tex]ClO^{-} _{4}[/tex].
The valence electrons of Cl is 7 and the valence electrons of oxygen is 6 , one negative charge . By adding the total valence electron, it will be 32.
The valence electrons are present in the lewis formula for the perchlorate ion will be 32.
Hence, the correct answer will be option (e).
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A student compares the boiling point of substances having different intermolecular forces. which dependent variable did the student most likely use? compounds made of either ions, atoms, or molecules type of source used to heat up the substances type of container used for the substances boiling points of various substances
A student compares the boiling point of substances having different intermolecular forces. Boiling points of various substances is the dependent variable that student most likely use.
Does the nature of intermolecular forces present in different substance affect their boiling points?The boiling point of a substance is proportional to the strength of its intermolecular forces, the higher the boiling point, the stronger the intermolecular forces. We can compare the strengths of intermolecular forces by comparing the boiling points of different substances.
What properties are affected by intermolecular forces?Intermolecular forces are measured by boiling points.
Intermolecular forces increase as bond polarization increases.
Ionic > hydrogen bonding > dipole dipole > dispersion is the order of the strength of intermolecular forces (and thus their impact on boiling points).
How can you determine strong and weak intermolecular forces?Substances with strong intermolecular forces are very attracted to one another and are held together tightly. These substances require a great deal of energy to separate, whereas substances with weak intermolecular forces are held together very loosely and have weak interactions.
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Enter your answer in the provided box. calculate the ph at 25°c of a 0. 11 m solution of a weak acid that has ka = 9. 2 × 10−6. ph =
The pH at 25°c of a 0. 11 m solution of a weak acid that has ka = 9. 2 × 10−6 is 3.
What is base dissociation constant?The base dissociation constant is termed as Kb. Throughout a base split into ts constituent ions in water is determined by its base dissociation constant.
Kb = [H+] [A-]/[HA]
Now, let the concentration of [H+] = [A-] = x
Given,
Ka = 9.2 × 10−6.
Firstly we will calculate the value of the concentration of [H+]
pKa = x^2/(0.11-x)
9.2 × 10−6 = x^2/(0.11-x)
x^2 = 1.012 × 10−6
x = 1.002 × 10^−3.
The concentration of [H+] = [A-] = 1.002 × 10^−3.
Now, we will find pH as
pH = -log[H+]
pH = -log(1.002 × 10^−3)
pH = 3
Thus we calculated that the pH of the solution is 3.
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An ion of a single pure element always has an oxidation number of ________. a. 1 b. magnitude equal to its atomic number c. 0 d. none of these
The oxidation state of a pure element is always zero.
The oxidation state for a pure ion is equivalent to its ionic charge.
What is oxidation state?
The oxidation state or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its bonds to different atoms were fully ionic. The oxidation state may be positive, negative or zero.
What are the rules to write the oxidation number?
1. The atoms in pure elements have oxidation number of ZERO.
2. The more-electronegative element in a binary molecular compound is assigned the number equal to the negative charge it would have as an anion. The less-electronegative element is assigned the number equal to the positive charge it would have as a cation.
3. Fluorine always has an oxidation number of -1 in compounds because it is the most electronegative element.
4. Oxygen is usually -2 unless in peroxides (then it is -1) or with fluorine.
5. Hydrogen has +1 in all compounds containing elements that are more electronegative than it, and is -1 in compounds with metals.
6. The algebraic sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a neutral compound is zero.
7. The algebraic sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in a polyatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion.
8. Although rules 1-7 apply to covalently bonded atoms, oxidation numbers can also be assigned to atoms in ionic compound. Monoatomic ions have oxidation numbers equal to their ionic charge.
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2.5 moles of a gas is enclosed in a 87.2 L cylinder with a moveable piston at 425 K and 1.0 atm. An additional 2.5 moles of gas is added to the system and it is cooled to 273 K. The cylinder changes volume to maintain the pressure. What is the volume in the final system?
Answer:
112 L
Explanation:
Since the pressure is being held constant, you can use the following variation of the Ideal Gas Law to find the new volume:
[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1N_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2N_2}[/tex]
In this equation, "V₁", "T₁", and "N₁" represent the initial volume, temperature, and moles. "V₂", "T₂", and "N₂" represent the final volume, temperature, and moles.
V₁ = 87.2 L V₂ = ? L
T₁ = 425 K T₂ = 273 K
N₁ = 2.5 moles N₂ = 2.5 + 2.5 = 5.0 moles
[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1N_1}=\frac{V_2}{T_2N_2}[/tex] <----- Formula
[tex]\frac{87.2 L}{(425K)(2.5 moles)}=\frac{V_2}{(273 K)(5.0 moles)}[/tex] <----- Insert values
[tex]\frac{87.2 L}{1062.5}=\frac{V_2}{1365}[/tex] <----- Simplify denominators
[tex]0.08207=\frac{V_2}{1365}[/tex] <----- Simplify left side
[tex]112L={V_2}[/tex] <----- Multiply both sides by 1365
What are the differences between grasses and legumes? advantages and disadvantages of each
The differences between grasses and legumes are,
The grasses tend to have more digestible fiber than legume plants.Legumes have more protein , energy and micronutrient due to their abundant leaves as compare to grasses.The nutrient composition is an obvious and major difference between the two plants.The advantage and disadvantage of grasses are given below.
Advantage:
Grasses helps to keep air clean, trap carbon dioxide , reduce erosion from storm water runoff , improve soil , decreases noise pollution and reduce temperature.
Disadvantage:
It is necessary to cut grasses regularly.Sometime grasses harmful to the environment . Likewise rainwater runoff from lawns can carry pesticides and fertilizer into river , lake ,streams and ocean via the sewer system.The advantage and disadvantage of legumes are given below.
Advantage:
The legumes supply nutrients essential to our body which supports our health.Disadvantage:
It lower persistence than grass under grazing It has high risk of livestock bloat It is difficult to conserve as silage or hay.learn about legumes
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Jeff has 10 grams of water and 10 grams of vegetable oil in separate containers. both liquids have a temperature of 24°c. jeff heats both liquids over a flame for five minutes. when he’s finished, he discovers that the temperature of the oil increased more than the temperature of the water. what can jeff conclude from this experiment?
ANSWER: From this experiment, Jeff can conclude that the heat capacity of oil is lower than that of water which means that oil requires less energy per gram of liquid in order to change its temperature.
For every one nadh molecule oxidized at complex i, how many total hydrogen ions are pumped across all of the complexes from the mitochondrial matrix to the inner membrane space?.
10
For every one NADH molecule oxidized at complex i , 10 total hydrogen ions are pumped across all of the complexes from the mitochondrial matrix to the inner membrane space.
How many complexes are involved in mitochondrial electron transport?4 proteins
The oxidative phosphorylation process, also known as the electron transport chain, is a collection of four protein complexes that combine redox events to produce an electrochemical gradient that results in the production of ATP. Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place in mitochondria.What distinguishes Complex 1 from Complex 2 in particular?Complex I pulls four protons from the matrix into the intermembrane gap and absorbs high energy electrons from NADH. Succinate dehydrogenase is in Complex II. In the Krebs cycle, Complex II transforms succinate to fumarate and produces FADH2. Directly obtaining FADH2, Complex II provides two electrons to electron transport system..To learn more about mitochondrial matrix visit:
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2. Calculate the number of moles represented by the following masses.
a. 2.00 × 102 g of silver
b. 37.1 g of silicon dioxide, SiO2
40 POINTS!!!!!!!!!!!!
a. There are 1.85 moles in 2.00 × 10² g of silver (Ag).
b. There are 0.618 moles in 37.1 g of silicon dioxide (SiO₂)
What is the molar mass?The molar mass is the mass in grams of 1 mole of particles, that is, the mass in grams of 6.02 × 10²³ particles. The units are g/mol.
We want to calculate the number of moles represented by different masses of different substances. In each case, the conversion factor between mass and moles is the molar mass.
a. 2.00 × 10² g of silver (Ag)The molar mass of silver is 107.87 g/mol.
2.00 × 10² g × (1 mol/107.87 g) = 1.85 mol
b. 37.1 g of silicon dioxide (SiO₂)The molar mass of silicon dioxide is 60.08 g/mol.
37.1 g × (1 mol/60.08 g) = 0.618 mol
a. There are 1.85 moles in 2.00 × 10² g of silver (Ag).
b. There are 0.618 moles in 37.1 g of silicon dioxide (SiO₂)
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Draw the major product formed in the reaction involving an acid anhydride dissolved in alcohol.
A symmetrical acid anhydride will undergo a reaction with an alcohol to give an ester and a carboxylic acid. An asymmetrical acid anhydride will undergo a reaction with an alcohol to give two esters and two carboxylic acids.
Alcohols and anhydrides react to produce esters as the main product and a carboxylate as a byproduct. To neutralise any generated acid, the process is often conducted with a base, such as NaOH or pyridine.Learn more about Acid anhydride and alcohol reaction here:
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Why does water have a very high boiling point?
Select one:
A. because it forms a three-dimensional pattern called a crystal lattice
B. because it has strong attractions that hold the water molecules together
C. because it is a molecular compound
D. because it does not conduct an electric current
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Hydrogen bonding holds the water molecules together
What is the compound number (enter both the number and letter without spaces e. g. 1d, 2h) for trans-cinnamic acid?
99 140-10-3.
99 140-10-3 is the compound number for trans-cinnamic acid.
What do you mean by compound numbers?A subscript is the little number that appears to the right of an element's symbol. That figure represents how many atoms of that element are contained in the complex.What is the purpose of trans-Cinnamic acid?The creation of trans-cinnamic acid's methyl, ethyl, and benzyl esters is its primary usage, while it is also used to make flavors, colors, and medications. These esters play a significant role in perfume composition. The sweetener aspartame is a precursor of the acid.What other name would you give trans-Cinnamic acid?Phenolacrylic acid
The class of chemical compounds known as cinnamic acids includes trans-cinnamic acid, often referred to as (e)-cinnamic acid or phenylacrylic acid. These are organic aromatic compounds that generate 3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid from benzene and a carboxylic acid group.To learn more about trans-cinnamic acid visit:
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What are the three forms of water found on Earth?
Answer:
By form if you mean states then it's,
Water is found on Earth as drinking water (liquid), water vapour (gas) and ice (solid).
10 mL of 2(M) NaOH solution is added to 200 mL of 0.5 (M) of NaOH solution. What is the final concentration?
Hello its me Sanya yadav
A coin collector has a bag of 50 pennies. What is the percent abundance of the post-1982 pennies? ASAP ANSWER PLS.
The percent abundance of the post-1982 pennies is 56%.
What is percent abundance?Percent abundance is the percentage amount of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.
Percent abundance of the post-1982 penniesThe percent abundance of the post-1982 pennies is calculated as follows;
percent abundance = number of post-1982 pennies / total number of pennies x 100%
percent abundance = (28) / (50) x 100%
percent abundance = 56%
Thus, the percent abundance of the post-1982 pennies is 56%.
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Answer:
FOR PRE 44
Explanation:
22/50X100=44
At what volume of added acid is the phph calculated by working an equilibrium problem based on the initial concentration and kbkb of the weak base?
In an acid-base neutralization reaction, the equilibrium reaction would be between a weak base and its conjugate strong base. So, this must be the basis of the volume of added base.
What is pH ?pH is used to measure whether the substance is acidic, basic or neutral and the range is 0 - 14.
What is Neutralization Reaction ?Neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with together.
Neutralization reaction equation:
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that In an acid-base neutralization reaction, the equilibrium reaction would be between a weak base and its conjugate strong base. So, this must be the basis of the volume of added base.
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Consider the tetrahedral intermediate and the two leaving groups, methoxide and amide anion. does this reaction favor reactants or products?
The reaction of tetrahedral intermediate and the two leaving groups, methoxide and amide anion favour product.
What is leaving group?A leaving group is a group of atoms or an atom which is able to break away from a molecule as a stable species or with a lone pair, breaking the bond between the molecule and itself.
What is intermediate?A stage is come before forming product. This stage is termed as transition stage and the reactant at this stage is termed as intermediate.
According to Le Châtelier's Principle, a reactions always tend towards the equilibrium, the reaction produces more products from the excess reactant, that's why it causing the system to shift to the left which allows the system to reach equilibrium.
Due to this reason, this reaction shift towards product.
Thus, we concluded that the reaction of tetrahedral intermediate and the two leaving groups, methoxide and amide anion favour product.
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What enone product would you expect to obtain from intramolecular aldol condensation of 5-oxohexanal?
Cyclohex-2-en-1-one product would be obtain from intramolecular aldol condensation of 5-oxohexanal.
What is Intramolecular Aldol Condensation ?The condensation reaction in which two ketone groups and aldehyde group in the same molecule are called Intramolecular Aldol Condensation. Intramolecular Aldol Condensation occurs in five or six membered α, β- unsaturated aldehyde or ketones are formed.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Cyclohex-2-en-1-one product would be obtain from intramolecular aldol condensation of 5-oxohexanal.
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The resulting solution made from the combination of 50 ml of 1.0 m lioh with 50 ml of 1.0 m hbr will be identical in all respects to 100 ml of?
The resulting solution made from the combination of 50 ml of 1.0 M LiOH with 50 ml of 1.0 M HBr will be identical in all respects to 100 ml of 0.5 M LiBr.
What is Molarity ?Molarity (M) is defined as the number of moles of solutes dissolved in 1L of solution. Molarity is also known as Molar concentration. The S.I unit of Molarity is molar (M) or mol/L.
It is expressed as:
Molarity = [tex]\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Volume (in L)}}[/tex]
Number of moles = Molarity × Volume
Moles of LiOH = 1.0 × 0.05 [1 ml = 0.001 L]
= 0.05 mol
Moles of HBr = 1.0 × 0.05 [1 ml = 0.001 L]
= 0.05 mol
Now put the values in above formula we get
Molarity = [tex]\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Volume (in L)}}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{0.05}{0.1}[/tex]
= 0.5 M LiBr
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The resulting solution made from the combination of 50 ml of 1.0 M LiOH with 50 ml of 1.0 M HBr will be identical in all respects to 100 ml of 0.5 M LiBr.
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How many different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral?
Four different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral.
What is Chiral Carbons ?The carbon atom which is attached with four different types of group of atoms or atoms is called Chiral carbon. Chiral molecules are non superimposable on their mirror images. Chiral carbon is also called asymmetric carbon.
Example:
[tex]Br - \underset{H} {\underset{|} {\overset{CH_3} {\overset{|}{C}}}} - Cl[/tex]
In the above example we can see that carbon atom has 4 different group attached with it that is Br, Cl, H, CH₃.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Four different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral.
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The density of aluminum is 2.7 g/cm³. What is the density of aluminum in decagrams/m³?
Answer:
Density = 0.27 decagrams/cm³
Explanation:
From conversion tables, we know that;
1 g/cm³ = 0.1 decagrams/cm³
We are given;
Density of aluminium = 2.7 g/cm³
Thus;
Density = 2.7 * 0.1
Density = 0.27 decagrams/cm³
Answer:
270000 decagrams/m³
Explanation:
1.
Density=mass/Volume
=2.7g/1cm3
=(2.7/1000)/(1/1000000)
=2.7x1000
Density=2700kg/ m3
= 270000 decagrams/m³
2.
1000g=1kg
1g=1/1000kg
1cm3= ? m3
100cm=1m
1cm=1/100 m
1cm3=1/1000000 m3
Explain why doesn’t the total pressure increase when more gas is added to the chamber?
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume. Therefore, the effect of pressure change is opposite to the effect of volume change. So when more gas is added to the chamber the total pressure of the chamber doesn't increase.
What are the different relations between pressure and volume?As the volume changes, the concentrations and partial pressures of both reactants and products change. As the volume decreases, the reaction shifts to the reaction side with fewer gas particles.As the volume increases, the reaction shifts to the side of the reaction containing more gas particles. As the pressure increases, the equilibrium shifts towards reactions with fewer moles of gas. As the pressure decreases, the equilibrium shifts to the side of the reaction with higher moles of gas.Moreover, the pressure change in the system due to the addition of the inert gas is not limited to this.To know more about Pressure and Volume visit:
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Could someone explain this sentence for me ?
Answer:
Explanation:
to put this plainly after putting strong electrolytes in water they dissolve to nothing but ions they give you an example and definition of a strong electrolyte I suggest you read those and see if you come up with what I gave you they also tell you that not all strong electrolytes dissolve as strongly as others that are in the example.
what is the importance of metal reactivity series
Answer:
The reactivity series allows us to predict correctly how metals will react. Another importance is that so we can use displacement. We can spot a more reactive metal allowing us to displace a less reactive metal from a compound or an equation.
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Importance of Metal Reactivity Series are:
Metal Reactivity Series are used in Displacement reaction.It is used in the reaction between water and metals.In the reaction between metals and acids.What are metal reactivity series?
Metal reactivity series is a chart of listing the metals in the order of decreasing reactivity.
As in Displacement reaction less reactive metal is displaced by more reactive metal. By metal reactivity series we came to know which metal is displaced by another metal.When the metals from Potassium and Calcium react with cold water it will release Hydrogen gas.See the below reaction:
K(s) + [tex]H_2O[/tex] → KOH(aq) + 1/2 [tex]H_2[/tex] (g)
Potassium water Potassium Hydroxide Hydrogen
Metals like Lead and others which are more reactive than Lead can react with HCl and [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] to form salts. We can predict the reaction by reactivity series.Lets see the reaction between Lead with Hydrochloric acid and Sulphuric acid.
Pb (s) + 2HCl (aq) → [tex]PbCl_2[/tex] (aq) + [tex]H_2[/tex] (g)
Lead Hydrochloric acid Lead chloride Hydrogen
Pb (s) + [tex]2H_2SO_4[/tex] → [tex]PbSO_4[/tex] + [tex]SO_2[/tex] + [tex]H_2O[/tex]
Lead Sulphuric acid Lead Sulphate Sulphur dioxide water
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The smallest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element is called a(n) ______.
Answer:
Atom
Explanation:
That describes an ATOM
The reaction between an alcohol and an anomeric carbon of a carbohydrate forms a _____ bond.
Which carbon atom(s) of pyruvate is(are) first converted to carbon dioxide by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
The carbon atom(s) of pyruvate is(are) first converted to carbon dioxide by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is the second number of carbon of pyruvate goes to oxidation and convert it to CO2 in Krebs cycle.
what is Krebs cycle ?Krebs cycle is also known as citric acid cycle it is the conversion of sugar to the direct energy in the form of ATP which further goes to mitochondria as it is the power house of the human cell.
Pyruvate molecule release second number carbon from the chain and undergoes oxidation to form the CO2.
Therefore, second number carbon atom will converts to carbon dioxide.
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Hi I need help and I am willing to give brainliest
Can you help me find the percent yield of SiO2 given the equation of SiCl4 + O2 → SiO2 + Cl2
the starting amount for SiCl4 is 150g and O2 at 200g. the actual yield for SiO2 is 49.2 g.
Thank you for any help
1. The first step is to convert your given masses into moles. This way, you can see which reactant is in excess and which one is limiting. A good flow of thought would be: kilograms of SiO2/Carbon→ grams SiO2/Carbon→moles SiO2/Carbon.
2. Repeat this step for the carbon reactant.
3. By comparison, we can tell that the carbon reactant is in excess, which means that the SiO2 reactant is limiting. Because of this, we’ll use the amount of SiO2 to find our percent yield. There’s only so much SiO2 that can react with the carbon.
4. You can now calculate the actual and theoretical yields. The theoretical yield is larger than the actual yield because it does not have physical interactions like loss of energy to the environment and friction to interfere with the reaction.
5. Now compare your two values of actual and theoretical. The formula for percent mass is [(Actual yield)/(Theoretical yield)]*100%. Our final answer for this question is the percent yield of the reaction is 90.8% We can interpret this as 90.8% of the SiO2 reacting will produce solid silicon.
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A gaseous mixture containing 32.00 g n2 and 16.00 g ne is placed into an 4.00 l vessel at 0.00 °C. What is the pressure of the mixture?
The pressure of the mixture can be found out adding the Partial Pressure of the gas.
Partial pressure of gas is the pressure if it alone occupied the entire volume of original mixture.
Moles = given mass / molar mass
Given,
Mass of Nitrogen = 32g
Molar Mass of Nitrogen = 28g
Mass of Neon = 16g
Molar Mass of Neon = 20g
Volume of gas = 4L
Temperature of vessel = 0°C = 273K
Partial Pressure of nitrogen = P₁
Partial Pressure of neon = P₂
Moles of nitrogen, n₁= 32/28 = 1.14
Moles of neon, n₂= 16/20 = 0.8
Using Ideal gas equation for Nitrogen,
∴ P₁V = n₁RT
⇒ P₁ (1) = 1.14 × 0.082 × 273
⇒ P₁ = 25.52atm
Using Ideal gas equation for Neon,
∴ P₂V = n₂RT
⇒ P₂ (1) = 0.8 × 0.082 × 273
⇒ P₂ = 17.9 atm
Total pressure of the mixture can be found out by adding the partial pressures of both the gases.
Total pressure P = P₁ + P₂
P = 25.52 + 17.9 atm
P = 43.42 atm
Hence, total pressure of the mixture is 43.42atm
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If only 0.500 mol of NO2(g) is placed in a 1.0 L container and the reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium, 0.186 mol of N2O4(g) is formed. Find the value of Keq.
Solve using ICE table.
The equilibrium constant of the system is 11.3.
What is the value of Keq?We know that the equilibrium constant shows the extent to which reactants are converted into products.
Now;
2NO2 ⇄ N2O4
[NO2] = 0.500 mol /1 L = 0.500 M
[N2O4] = 0.186 mol /1 L = 0.186 M
The ICE table is;
2NO2 ⇄ N2O4
I 0.5 0
C -2x +x
E 0.5 - 2x 0.186
The concentration of NO2 at equilibrium = 0.5 - 2(0.186) = 0.128
Keq = 0.186/( 0.128)^2
Keq = 11.3
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Write the balanced equation for the reaction of 1 mol of naoh with 1 mol of h2po4
Answer:
3 NaOH + H₃PO₄ -----> Na₃PO₄ + 3 H₂O
Explanation:
This appears to be a double-displacement reaction. In these reactions, the cation of one compound is swapped with the cation of another. Therefore, Na⁺ (from NaOH) is swapped with H⁺ (from H₃PO₄). When constructing the new compounds, you may need to alter the amount of each ion within a particular compound to to make it neutral.
New Product #1: Na₃PO₄
----------> Na⁺ and PO₄³⁻
----------> +1 + 1 + 1 + (-3) = 0
New Product #2: H₂O (or HOH)
----------> H⁺ and OH⁻
----------> +1 + (-1) = 0
Now that you know the products, you need to balance the chemical equation. An equation is balanced when there is an equal amount of each element on both sides. These amounts can be modified by adding coefficients.
The unbalanced equation:
NaOH + H₃PO₄ -----> Na₃PO₄ + H₂O
Reactants: 1 sodium, 5 oxygen, 4 hydrogen, 1 phosphorus
Products: 3 sodium, 5 oxygen, 2 hydrogen, 1 phosphorus
The balanced equation:
3 NaOH + H₃PO₄ -----> Na₃PO₄ + 3 H₂O
Reactants: 3 sodium, 7 oxygen, 6 hydrogen, 1 phosphorus
Products: 3 sodium, 7 oxygen, 6 hydrogen, 1 phosphorus
**I was having trouble balancing the equation with the reactant H₂PO₄⁻. From my experience, I believe this compound may have been mistyped. As such, I used H₃PO₄. Please let me know if the reactant was written properly**
