Answer:
Discontinuous layer of water
The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite. Although Earth’s hydrosphere. The hydrosphere is vital to support human existence. It provides drinking water, water for agricultural purposes, and food and nutrients from fish and plants.
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Lancelets display how many of the four major characteristics of the phylum chordata?.
Lancelets display all four major characteristics of the phylum Chordata.
The order Amphioxiformes includes approximately 32 species of fish-like maritime chordates known as "lancelets." They are widespread throughout the world and can be found in the sand in tropical and temperate waters.
Like all cephalochordates, the lancelet has a head. The four essential characteristics of chordates remain in adult lancelets: pharyngeal slits, which filter out food particles, receive water from the mouth. a notochord, a hollow nerve cord on the dorsal side, and a tail. The atriopore is where filtered water leaves the body and collects in the atrium.
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Scientists predict that we will eventually use up all available fossil fuels. Which list includes only fossil fuels?.
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These goats are eating grass on a sunny day. What is happening to the carbon in the air around the living things on the mountain? is carbon moving into the air, moving out of the air, or both?.
(b) "Carbon is moving into the air and out of the air at the same time." is what is happening to the carbon in the air around the living things on the mountain.
The carbon cycle is nature's method of recycling carbon atoms, which repeatedly go from the atmosphere into Earth's living things and back into it. The majority of carbon is kept in rocks and sediments; the remainder is kept in the ocean, atmosphere, and living things.
The carbon cycle describes how an ecosystem's biotic and abiotic components exchange this element. For biological systems to survive in the natural world, the carbon cycle is essential. Therefore, the Carbon is simultaneously going into and out of the air (Option B).
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Question correction:
goats are eating grass on a sunny day. What is happening to the carbon in the air around the living things on the mountain? Is carbon moving into the air, moving out of the air, or both?
a. Carbon is only moving into the air; it is not moving out of the air.
b. Carbon is moving into the air and out of the air at the same time.
c. Carbon is not moving into the air; it is only moving out of the air.
d. With this information, there is no way to know for sure.
which is closest to the definition of primary production? select one: a. the net sinking rate of carbon from the surface oceans to the deep b. the production by primary producers in the deep parts of the ocean c. the rate of fixation of carbon per unit area per unit time d. the part of production that is primary and not secondary or tertiary
Closest to the definition of primary production is the production by primary producers in the deep parts of the ocean. So the correct option is b.
Primary production in ecology is the synthesis of organic molecules from aqueous or atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Primary production refers to the process by which autotrophs assimilate and fix inorganic carbon and other inorganic nutrients into organic matter. The chemical energy source is typically ignored when estimating an ecosystem's primary production.
There are two forms of primary production: gross primary production, which measures the total amount of organic material generated by all producers in an ecosystem. The pace at which energy is fixed by autotrophs in excess of respiration is known as net primary production. Gross primary output minus respiration equals net primary production.
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the topology of membrane proteins can often be predicted by computer programs that identify which kind of topogenic segment?
Hydrophobic topogenic segment.
The number and approximate locations of the transmembrane segments of a protein's topology of an integral membrane protein's sequence, as well as the protein's general orientation in a membrane, are described.
Computer programs that recognize hydrophobic tropogenic portions within the amino acid sequence and genetic hydropathy profiles may frequently predict the structure of membrane proteins with high accuracy.
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Consider a relation representing the present position of molecules in a closed container. The attributes are an id for the molecule, the x, y, and z coordinates of the molecule, and its velocity in the x, y, and z dimensions. What fd’s would you expect to hold? what are the keys?.
The functional dependencies that can be held are as follows:
{PX, PY, PZ} ----> VX
{PX, PY, PZ} ----> VY
{PX, PY, PZ} ----> VZ
A functional dependency is a constraint that is typically used to specify the relationship that exists between two distinct sets of attributes, wherein one set is able to accurately and uniquely determine the actual value of the other sets. This definition of functional dependency can be found here.
The molecule's velocities would be VX, VY, and VZ in this scenario, while the coordinates of the molecule would be PX, PY, and PZ. As a result, the following are examples of functional dependencies:
{PX, PY, PZ} ----> VX{PX, PY, PZ} ----> VY{PX, PY, PZ} ----> VZThe following sequence of keys in the R can be used to obtain the molecule on the closed surface:
PX, PY, PZVX, VY, VZ.The term "superkeys" refers to a collection of properties that can be used to hold a key, such as molecules, dimensions, and velocities. As a result, the following is the list of superkeys:
PX, VX, VY, VZ.
PY, VX, VY, VZ.
PZ, VX, VY, VZ.
In conclusion, when attributes are added to a primary key, a superkey can be created.
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(complete question)
Consider a relation representing the present position of molecules in a closed container. The attributes are the ID for the molecule, the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the molecule, and its velocity in the X, Y, and Z dimensions. Refer to the X, Y, and Z coordinates as PX, PY, and PZ respectively, and the X, Y, and Z velocities as VX, VY, and VZ respectively.
a) What functional dependencies do you expect to hold?
b) What are the keys?
c) Other than the keys list three superkeys.
d) Other than the keys how superkeys are there?
Researchers performing __________ insert a weak electric current into the brain to stimulate it.
Researchers performing EBS insert a weak electric current into the brain to stimulate it.
Electrical brain stimulation (EBS), also known as focal brain stimulation (FBS), is a type of electrotherapy used as a technique in clinical and neurobiological research, in which the brain is stimulated by direct or indirect electrical excitation of cell membranes. or neural networks within it. It is currently used for research or therapeutic purposes.
Electrical brain stimulation (ESB) is a relatively new technique used to treat the chronic pain and tremors associated with Parkinson's disease. ESB is administered by passing an electric current through electrodes implanted in the brain.
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protein shape is crucial to its proper function. students have difficulty grasping this idea and how the specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and how that, in turn, affects protein function. as an example, sickle cell disease is a lethal disorder caused by just a single amino acid change in the primary structure of the protein hemoglobin. briefly explain how the words tasty and nasty can serve as a good analogy for a teacher trying to explain this concept to students.
The words tasty and nasty serve a good analogy for explaining the concept or protein shape and its essentiality for the function. This is because the word tasty creates image of some delicious food in the mind. However, replacing just one letter 't' from the word with 'n' changes the entire meaning and depiction. This is how the primary structure of proteins functions. Change in a single amino acid can change the complete primary sequence.
Amino acids are the organic molecules that are essential for protein formation in the living organisms. The basic structure of amino acids i s composed of a amino group, a carboxylic group, a hydrogen atom and a variable R group all attached to the alpha carbon atom.
Primary structure of proteins is composed of a linear chain of sequence of amino acids all boned together by peptide bonds. The primary structure sequence is very crucial for the structure and function of the protein.
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Question 5 of 30
Which type of society is most likely to have a great number of factories?
OA. Pastoral
OB. Postindustrial
OC. Industrial
O D. Hunter-gatherer
Which type of society is most likely to have a great number of factories?... Industrial
What is society?
A society is a group of people that regularly contact with one another or a significant social group that inhabits the same physical or social territory and is typically under the control of the same governmental authority and prevailing cultural norms.
A given society may be defined as the sum of all of these relationships among its constituent members. Societies are characterised by patterns of relationships (social relations) between people who share a particular culture and institutions. In the social sciences, subgroup domination or stratification patterns frequently appear in bigger societies.
By designating particular behaviours or ideas as acceptable or unacceptable, societies create patterns of behaviour. The term "societal norms" refers to certain behavioural patterns within a particular community. Societies and their standards are constantly and gradually changing.
Hence the correct answer is OC. Industrial
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on one of the earth worms that we tested, we used a pulse height higher than the mgf threshold and lower than the lgf threshold. should we observe an action potential from lgf?
Action potential will not be observed from LGF when a pulse height higher than the MGF threshold and lower than the LGF threshold is used.
Action potential is the change in the membrane potential from negative to positive due to rapid movement of ions in and out of the cell. The action potential occurs in the neurons when electrical impulses are to be transmitted.
LGF is the abbreviation for Lateral Giant Fibers. It is one of the two giant fibers present in the neuron. It runs all along the length of ventral nerve cord. It is present in species of annelids and crustaceans. In the question, action potential cannot be generated for LGF below the threshold value because the membrane should be depolarized enough so that action potential can occur.
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The graph below compares the rates of reaction of a burning candle and an exploding firework. What can you conclude from the graph? The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn. The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs less rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn. The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires more energy to start, and occurs less rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn. The reaction that causes a firework to explode requires more energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn.
Based on the graph, it can be concluded that:
the reaction that causes a firework to explode requires less energy to start, and occurs more rapidly than the reaction that causes a candle to burn; option A is correct.What is the activation energy of the reaction?The activation energy of a reaction is the minimum energy that reactant molecules must possess in order for them to effectively collide to give products.
Different reactions have different values for activation energies.
The higher the activation energy of a reaction, the more energy is required for the reaction to proceed to product formation and vice versa.
Comparing data from the graph showing the rates of reaction of a burning candle and an exploding firework the following can be observed;
The rate of the reaction of the exploding fireworks is faster than that of the burning candleThe burning candle has a higher activation energy than the exploding fireworks.Learn more about activation energy at: https://brainly.com/question/5280701
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Answer: its option a
Explanation:
one traditional explanation for why hominins develop bipedalism is that is helped them to see prey and avoid predators in the high savanna grass. what is one major problem with this idea?
One major problem with the idea of bipedalism is that it has made climbing significantly more difficult.
The first is that it makes climbing much more challenging. In an arboreal environment, hominids are less secure without the capacity to grab with their feet. Therefore, a behavioural shift toward carrying dependent kids until they could walk must have been one of the adaptations to bipedalism.
The savannah theory, sometimes known as the savanna hypothesis, postulates that the evolution of human bipedalism was caused by our ancestors' shift from an arboreal to a savanna lifestyle. The theory holds that hominins fled the woodlands that had been their natural habitat millions of years ago and adapted to their new environment by walking upright.
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the most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:
The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the Brain stem.
The bottom portion of the brain that connects to the spinal cord is called the brain stem (part of the central nervous system in the spinal column). The majority of the body's autonomic processes, which are vital to life, are controlled by the brain stem. These include the heartbeat and respiration.
Numerous essential aspects of life, including breathing, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep, are controlled by it. Numerous important clusters of white and gray matter can be found in the brainstem. Numerous significant brainstem nuclei are formed by the nerve cell bodies that make up the grey matter in the brainstem.
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of the factors that influence diffusion of respiratory gases, the most variable and, therefore, important factor to consider is the concentration gradient. diffusion distance. membrane surface area. membrane thickness. electrical charge.
Of the factors that influence diffusion of respiratory gases, the most variable and, therefore, important factor to consider is the concentration gradient.
The exchange of gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs mostly based on pressure or concentration gradients in the primary sites of gaseous exchange in the lungs, known as alveoli. Diffusion coefficient of the gases and pressure difference across the membrane also play a vital role in diffusion.
Other significant variables that can impact the pace of diffusion include the solubility of gases and the thickness of the membranes engaged in diffusion. As oxygen and carbon dioxide do not react in the alveoli, the reactivity of gases has no impact on the rate of alveolar diffusion.
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true or false cells cannot use the energy of glucose directly because a glucose molecule contains too much energy
Answer:
that would be false
Explanation:
In fact, when the cell needs energy for respiration it converts starch, the storage form of glucose, back into the reactive form of glucose to produce energy ATP
a researcher has a dna sample that was generated from the mrna extracted from a cell line. the researcher wants to determine specifically how much of gene a was expressed in that cell line. what is one experiment that could be done to quantitively measure the expression of gene a?
To quantitatively measure the expression of gene A generated from the m-RNA extracted from a cell line, the researcher should use real-time PCR.
Cell line is defined as the the population of cells generated from a single cell that continues to divide may be indefinitely. Cell lines are formed from the primary cell cultures. Cell line are used for various purposes like vaccine production, drug testing, antibody production, etc.
Real-time PCR is the type of PCR where the amount of product accumulated in the real time as the mechanism of production of the product is being carried out. The quantification is done along with each cycle of the PCR.
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Describe how you could measure the rate of photosynthesis using bromothymol blue
The rate of photosynthesis can be measured using bromothymol blue by measuring the pH of the solution.
What is Photosynthesis?This is defined as the process in which green plants manufacture food in the presence of sunlight and other compounds. This is therefore the reason why plants are regarded as primary producers in the ecosystem.
Carbon dioxide is used during the process and we are aware that it is an acidic gas. Bromothymol blue is an indicator which reacts with an acid to change color from blue to yellow which is therefore how it can be used to measure the rate of photosynthesis.
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Categorize the given minerals into metallic and non-metallic minerals? • Iron,gold,quartz,calcite,petrolium,copper,aluminium,diamond,emerald,rubies,topaz,coal,sapphires.
Iron, Gold, Aluminum, Sapphires and Copper are the metallic minerals while Quartz, Calcite, Diamond, Rubies, Emerald, Topaz, Coal and Petroleum are the non-metallic minerals.
What are metals?Metal is a solid material which is typically hard, shiny, feasible, malleable and ductile. They are the good conductor of heat and electricity. Examples of metals are gold, silver, aluminum, copper, iron etc.
Metals are made up of atomic materials such as electrons, neutrons and protons. It can be categories according to their physical as well as chemical properties.
Physical properties of metals are:
1.Luster
2.Malleability
3.Conductivity
4.Ductility
5. Solid
Metals are used in various purposes like for making wires and sheets. It is used in making automobiles machineries . These metals are also used in making water boiler because of its property being good conductor of heat.
Thus, iron, Gold, Aluminum, Sapphires and Copper are the metallic minerals while Quartz, Calcite, Diamond, Rubies, Emerald, Topaz, Coal and Petroleum are the non-metallic minerals.
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name the four main components of macconkey agar. which makes the agar selective? which component makes the agar differential? for which organism type is it selective? for which group is it differential
MacConkey agar (MAC) is selective and differential bacterial culture media.
was, developed by Alfred Theodore MacConkey in 20th century.
It contains the essential nutrients required for microorganism growth.
MacConkey agar contains 4 components-
1. lactose,
2. bile salts
3. crystal violet
4. neutral red
Bile salts and crystal violet act as selective agents and they make the agar selective
Selective because it is selective to gram negative bacteria.
example, staphylococcus gives pale pink color in M.A because it is able to grow in this medium.
Differential because as it contains lactose it differentiates between gram negative lactose fermenter and gram-negative non-fermenters.
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a woman has a family history of breast cancer. she has her brca1 and brca2 genes tested, and no detrimental mutations are found. she is so relieved to know that she will not develop breast cancer. is she correct that she will not develop breast cancer?
No, she is not correct that she will not develop breast cancer.
She is inaccurate in announcing that she can be able to now no longer get breast most cancers with 100% certainty. Although, on the grounds that her BRCA1 and BRCA2 alleles have been located to haven't any mutations signalling breast cancers, which means that there is probably a totally small risk that she ought to nevertheless broaden breast most cancers.
Even though it's far relatively not going that she can be able to broaden breast cancers, there may be nevertheless a totally small risk that it is able to occur.
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Malik is singing at a concert for 80,000 people. Before the concert he ate a meal including chicken which was not cooked all the way. Malik is starting to feel nauseous (sick to his stomach). The feeling of nausea is an –
A. external stimulus because the crowd is super loud backstage.
B. external stimulus telling Malik to get rid of the food that he ate because it was not properly cooked.
C. internal stimulus telling Malik to get rid of the food that he ate because it was not properly cooked.
D. internal stimulus because the crowd is super loud backstage.
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
It made sense because he ate the raw-ish chicken.
Which process is speeded up by rubisco during the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?.
The process of photosynthesis that can be affected by the rubisco enzyme is the process of carbon fixation.
How is Calvin cycle process ?The rubisco enzyme is one of the enzymes that plays an important role in the overall process of plant photosynthesis in the dark reaction. At this stage there will be capture of CO₂ from the free air and then the union of CO₂ with ribulose bisphosphate which is assisted by the rubisco enzyme.The photosynthesis cycle that occurs when it is dark or does not require sunlight in the process is called the dark reaction or Calvin cycle. And in the process it uses ATP and NADPH² that have been produced in the daytime photosynthesis process.In the Calvin cycle, glucose is formed through a chemical reaction that converts oxygen (CO₂) and several other components into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.The Calvin cycle is very useful in life, because it is the main player in the process that provides oxygen stability and prepares plant raw materials to make starch that we can later use.Learn more about Calvin cycle here: brainly.com/question/13477893
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what is the physical explanation for the very slow movement of membrane phospholipids from one leaflet of a biological membrane to the other? what factors influence this rate?
The physical explanation for the very slow movement of membrane phospholipids from one leaflet of a biological membrane to the other is the polar head must cross the hydrophobic area of the phospholipid membrane in order to go from one side to the other.
It takes a lot of energy to complete this process, which makes it go slowly. Last but not least, phospholipids have the ability to "flip-flop" between the two leaflets of the bilayer in a transverse motion. The phospholipids in the lipid bilayer can move either radially, laterally, or transversely between the bilayers. The monolayer (also known as a leaflet) on one side of a synthetic bilayer extremely seldom migrates to the other. Less frequently than once per month, each molecule experiences this "flip-flop" process.
Temperature and Cholesterol level are those factors that influence the rate of the slow movement of membrane phospholipids from one leaflet of a membrane to the other.
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175,000 kcal/m2/yr , and the plant respiration is estimated to be 115,000kcal/m2/yr . what is the total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem?
The total energy exchanged during photosynthesis for this environment is 290,000 cal/m2/yr.
The term "net primary productivity" refers to the amount of energy retained by an environment's biomass when energy is released for metabolism and maintenance. Net primary productivity, as opposed to gross primary productivity, refers to the total energy input into the ecosystem before taking into account energy loss.
Net primary productivity (NPP) is calculated mathematically as Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) - Respiration.
NPP = 175,000 cal/m2/yr for the pine forest, and respiration = 115,000 cal/m2/yr, hence GPP = 175,000 + 115,000 = 290,000 cal/m2/yr.
Therefore, 290,000 cal/m2/yr of energy is transported throughout photosynthesis for the environment as a whole.
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Review the student data. Which trials, if any, indicated that osmosis took place?
Responses
A vinegar and blue distilled water vinegar and blue distilled water
B 10% salt water and blue distilled water10% salt water and blue distilled water
C vinegar, syrup, and blue distilled water vinegar, syrup, and blue distilled water
D blue distilled water
The trials that indicated that osmosis took place is: vinegar and blue distilled water; option A.
What is osmosis?Osmosis is a process by which molecules of water are transported from one region to another.
Osmosis is defined as the process by which water molecules move from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
An example of osmosis taking place is when water molecules move hypotonic solution such as distilled water into vinegar a hypertonic solution.
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The _________ is a mixed gland with endocrine and exocrine functions that produces the majority of the digestive enzymes.
Answer:
The answer is pancreas.
The _pancreas________ is a mixed gland with endocrine and exocrine functions that produces the majority of the digestive enzymes.
Explanation:
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a heterozygous fruit fly with normal wings and a gray body (vvbb) is crossed with homozygous flies with vestigial wings and black bodies (vvbb). this type of cross is known as a
This type of cross is known as a dihybrid cross.
Dihybrid cross is a breeding experiment between two organisms which are identical hybrids for two traits. For example, heterozygous fruit fly with normal wings and a gray body (vvbb) is crossed with homozygous flies with vestigial wings and black bodies (vvbb).
Dihybrid cross is explained as when the two organisms have equal hybrid for two traits. A hybrid organism is a heterozygous organism, which shows the organism have two different alleles at genetic point. Thus, a dihybrid organism is heterozygous at two distinct genetic loci.
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b) The correlation coefficient for all of the data (r) was calculated as 0.85. What type
of correlation does this show? Explain. (2 points)
DELL
A strong correlation between independent and dependent variables is indicated by a coefficient of correlation of 0.85.
What type of correlation is this?Correlation coefficients serve as measures of how strongly two variables are related linearly. Positive relationships are shown by correlation coefficients greater than zero. A value less than zero denotes an negative association. Lastly, a value of 0 denotes that there is no correlation between the two variables, x and y.
On dividing the covariance by the sum of the standard deviations of the two variables, one may calculate the correlation coefficient. Here, the given correlation value of the data is 0.85. So, the more severe (closer to -1 or 1) the correlation coefficient, the stronger the association. This also signifies that a correlation that is close to zero denotes the independence of the two variables, i.e., that neither variable tends to drop nor rise as the other does.
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howler monkeys (from the genus alouatta) are a species of primate that are found in central and south america. these primates are arboreal quadrupeds, and they have a prehensile tail. howler monkeys weigh about 6 kilograms (13.3 lbs) and their molars have long crests and cusps that are sharp and pointy. based on these characteristics, howler monkeys most likely have a higher percentage of what type of food in their diet?
Answer: Meat, Fish, and hard fruits.
Explanation:
This system brings oxygen into the body and rids the body of waste gases. Some organisms use their skin.
After analysing the human body, we got that respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and rids the body of waste gases.
The respiratory system is actually network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs, and most importantly blood vessels. The muscles that actually power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts basically work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out the waste gases like carbon dioxide.
A ventilation system is basically needed in order to obtain oxygen for living organisms and to get rid of carbon dioxide
Hence , the system which brings oxygen into the body and rids the body of waste gases is respiratory system.
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