a trigger that updates the storeaveragestable whenever a row is inserted into the transactions table, you can use the following SQL code:
sqlCREATE TRIGGER updatestoreaverages
AFTER INSERT ON transactionsFOR EACH ROW
BEGIN UPDATE storeaverages SET avgamount= ( SELECT AVG(amount)
FROM transactions WHERE storeid= NEW.storeid ) WHERE storeid= NEW.storeid
END;In the above trigger code:
- updatestoreaverages is the name of the trigger.- AFTER INSERT ON transactions specifies that the trigger should be activated after an insertion into the transactions table.
- FOR EACH ROW indicates that the trigger should be executed for each inserted row.- NEW.storeidrefers to the newly inserted row's storeidvalue.
- The UPDATE statement updates the avgamountcolumn in the storeaveragestable with the new average value based
with the new average value based on the storeidof the inserted row.
Make sure to replace avgamountwith the actual column name in your storeaveragestable that holds the average values.
With this trigger in place, whenever a row is inserted into the transactions table, the storeaveragestable will be automatically updated with the new average value for the corresponding storeid
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Globalization provides numerous advantages to businesses and consumers around the world. At the same time, some critics believe that globalization is harming various aspects of life and commerce. De-globalization would induce a significant qualitative shift in strategies, structures, and behaviours observable in international business (IB) (Witt, 2019). Analyse Week 3 reading, Witt (2019), and discuss: How do the shifts between globalization and deglobalization affect the Australian SMEs’ internationalisation in the next five years? (5 Marks) How does the COVID-19 pandemic change the future of globalization for an Australian vegan SME? (5 Marks) Reference Witt, M. A. (2019). De-globalization: Theories, predictions, and opportunities for international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 50 (7), 1053-1077.
The shifts between globalization and deglobalization can have significant implications for Australian SMEs' internationalization over next five years. COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new dynamics that can reshape the future of globalization for Australian vegan SMEs.
The shifts between globalization and deglobalization can impact Australian SMEs' internationalization in the next five years in several ways. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated certain aspects deglobalization & introduced new dynamics for Australian vegan SMEs. The pandemic highlighted vulnerabilities in global supply chains, leading to calls for more localized production and reduced reliance on international sources. For Australian vegan SMEs, the future of globalization may involve a greater emphasis on local sourcing, shorter supply chains, and building resilience. They may need to explore opportunities in domestic markets, focus on e-commerce and digital platforms, and adapt their marketing and distribution strategies to cater to changing consumer preferences and behaviors.
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From today's Federal Reserve announcement,
"Job gains have been robust in recent months, and the unemployment rate has remained low. Inflation remains elevated, reflecting supply and demand imbalances related to the pandemic, higher energy prices, and broader price pressures.
The invasion of Ukraine by Russia is causing tremendous human and economic hardship. The invasion and related events are creating additional upward pressure on inflation and are weighing on global economic activity. In addition, COVID-related lockdowns in China are likely to exacerbate supply chain disruptions."
You have been elected President and want to enact fiscal policy to help reach those goals of lower inflation. Assuming you could get Congress to agree,
1. What policies would you enact?
2. Referring to the economic models we've used, why?
3. What effects (both positive and negative) do you foresee from them?
1. To help reach the goals of lower inflation, the following fiscal policies would be enacted by the newly elected President if Congress agrees:
i) The President would order the Treasury to reduce government spending and direct it towards the construction of essential infrastructure. ii) The President would offer businesses incentives and tax cuts to employ new workers and retain existing employees. iii) The President would raise interest rates to control inflation and bring it down. iv) The President would direct the Treasury to reduce taxes on essential consumer goods.
2. Fiscal policy is a way for the government to affect economic growth by changing its spending and tax policies. Expansionary fiscal policy is used to boost the economy during a recession, while contractionary fiscal policy is used to slow it down during an inflationary period. The new President would use contractionary fiscal policy, which focuses on reducing government spending, raising taxes, and tightening the money supply to control inflation.
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"XYZ" is a Spanish company producing fake flowers. The company is selling currently its product in Germany, However, the German market is mainly dominated by the company "ABC" from Gabon. If Germany chooses to increase the tariff on imports by 20% (currently 15%), what do you think would happen to "XYZ" and "ABC" ? explain.
If Germany chooses to increase the tariff on imports by 20% from Spain (currently 15%) of fake flowers produced by XYZ, the Spanish company producing fake flowers, it will make the products less competitive and more expensive compared to ABC’s fake flowers from Gabon, which could lead to a decline in the sales of XYZ.
As a result, XYZ would need to decrease the price of its fake flowers to compete with ABC, which would lower the profits of the company as it would lead to a reduction in profit margins. This could also lead to layoffs or downsizing to reduce the cost of operations. On the other hand, ABC from Gabon would benefit from this situation as it is now the dominant supplier of fake flowers in Germany and its products would be cheaper and more competitive. It will experience an increase in sales and market share in Germany as a result of the tariff increase. However, if the cost of production for ABC is high, this could have a negative effect on its profit margin.
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what is the book value of the machine at the end of year 4 if abc companu purchases a machine at the beginning of the year at a cost of $24,000 the machine is depreciated using the straight line method and the machines useful like is estimated to be 5 years sith $4000 salvage value
The book value of the machine at the end of year 4 is $8,000 based on the information provided through the calculation.
The book value of the machine at the end of year 4 can be calculated as follows:
The cost of the machine is $24,000, and the salvage value of the machine is $4,000. Therefore, the depreciable cost of the machine is given by:
$24,000 - $4,000 = $20,000
The useful life of the machine is 5 years. Therefore, the depreciation expense for each year is
:$20,000 ÷ 5 years = $4,000 per year
The book value of the machine at the end of year 1, year 2, year 3, and year 4 is calculated as follows
:End of year 1: $24,000 - $4,000 = $20,000
End of year 2: $20,000 - $4,000 = $16,000
End of year 3: $16,000 - $4,000 = $12,000
End of year 4: $12,000 - $4,000 = $8,000
Therefore, the book value of the machine at the end of year 4 is $8,000.
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Which of the following is a correct explanation of a cost driver? It is the largest single type of cost in a company. It is a fixed cost that cannot be avoided. It is a factor that causes variations in a cost. O It is an indirect cost that is essential to the operations of the business.
A cost driver is a factor that causes variations in a cost. Hence, the correct explanation of a cost driver is: It is a factor that causes variations in a cost.
A cost driver is defined as the factors or events that affect the costs of a business. It is any activity or event that incurs a cost in the production process or directly causes changes in the cost of an activity. Cost drivers are useful in identifying the sources of cost in a business and help to allocate those costs to the relevant cost objects.Cost drivers help to determine the critical cost components of a particular product or service. They assist management in making decisions on how to control costs and price products optimally to maximize profits. By tracking and analyzing cost drivers, managers can identify which activities are essential and which ones need to be reduced to improve performance.
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The Eastpointe Cafe's average lunch sells for $21, while its variable costs per lunch average $8.00. It plans to advertise a Monday lunch special for $11. The special would cost Eastpointe $7.75 per meal. An advertisment in the local TV to promote the special would cost Eastpointe $300.*around to 2 decimal for percentage*around to whole number for lunchWhat are the cafe's contribution margin (CM)( ) and contribution margin ratio (CMR) to being with? ( )%What are the CM( ) and CMR( ) % based strictly on the lunch special-related price and cost? (around to 2 decimal (eg. 11.12)How many lunch covers must be sold to cover the promotion of the lunchon special?( )
Big Ben Hotel has one hundred rooms to sell to customers, but the paid occupancy is only 80%. The marginal cost for each room is fifiten dollar, The rack rate for the average room at Big Ben hotel is eighty dollar.Calculate the daily room revenue?( ) $ Calculate the daily room contribution margin?( ) $Calculate the equivalent room occupancy if the room rate is discounted 10%?（ ）% (around to 2 decimal)
For Eastpointe Cafe, the contribution margin (CM) is $13 per lunch, and the contribution margin ratio (CMR) is 61.9%. Based strictly on the lunch special-related price and cost, the CM is $3.25 per lunch, and the CMR is 29.5%. At Big Ben Hotel, the daily room revenue is $6,400, and the daily room contribution margin is $4,000. If the room rate is discounted by 10%, the equivalent room occupancy would be 88.89%.
For Eastpointe Cafe, the contribution margin (CM) is calculated by subtracting the variable cost per lunch ($8.00) from the average lunch selling price ($21.00), resulting in $13.00 per lunch. The contribution margin ratio (CMR) is determined by dividing the CM ($13.00) by the average lunch selling price ($21.00), which gives us 61.9%. When considering the lunch special-related price and cost, the CM is calculated by subtracting the variable cost of the lunch special ($7.75) from the lunch special price ($11.00), resulting in $3.25 per lunch. The CMR is determined by dividing the CM ($3.25) by the lunch special price ($11.00), which gives us 29.5%. To cover the promotion of the lunch special, Eastpointe Cafe needs to consider the additional cost of the advertisement ($300) divided by the CM per lunch ($3.25), which equals approximately 92 lunch covers. At Big Ben Hotel, the daily room revenue is calculated by multiplying the number of rooms (100) by the paid occupancy rate (80%) and the rack rate for an average room ($80), resulting in $6,400. The daily room contribution margin is determined by subtracting the marginal cost per room ($15) from the rack rate per room ($80), and then multiplying it by the paid occupancy rate (80%), resulting in $4,000. If the room rate is discounted by 10%, we need to calculate the equivalent room occupancy to maintain the same revenue. By dividing the rack rate ($80) by 90% (100% - 10%), we get $88.89, which represents the equivalent room occupancy.
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is Fitts and posner theory a formal or informal way of
learning?
Fitts and Posner theory is a formal way of learning. Fitts and Posner’s theory emphasizes the importance of three stages of learning motor skills, including cognitive, associative, and autonomous.
The cognitive stage focuses on acquiring an understanding of a skill, while the associative stage focuses on perfecting that skill through repetition. The autonomous stage occurs when the skill becomes automatic, and it can be performed without conscious thought.Fitts and Posner theory is formal because it focuses on the stages involved in learning a specific skill, and it is backed up by empirical evidence. The theory has been tested and proven to be effective in teaching motor skills. It is a systematic and structured approach to learning and has been used in various fields, including sports, music, and education.In conclusion, Fitts and Posner theory is a formal way of learning as it follows a structured and systematic approach to learning motor skills. The theory emphasizes the importance of different stages of learning and has been tested and proven effective in teaching various skills.
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1. Meriton Ltd has issued bonds. The highest claims on Meriton’s
assets could be:
a. unsecured note holders.
b. the shareholders.
c. floating-charge debenture holders.
2. Vodafone Ltd has a floating
The highest claims on Meriton Ltd's assets would typically be:
a. Unsecured note holders: Unsecured note holders are creditors who have provided loans to the company without any collateral or specific claim on the company's assets. In the event of liquidation or bankruptcy, unsecured note holders would have a higher claim on the company's assets compared to other stakeholders.
b. The shareholders: Shareholders are the owners of the company and hold equity in the business. However, in the event of liquidation or bankruptcy, shareholders typically have the lowest priority in terms of claims on the company's assets. They would receive their share of the remaining assets only after all other higher-ranked claims have been satisfied.
c. Floating-charge debenture holders: Floating-charge debenture holders are creditors who have a claim on the company's assets but without a specific fixed charge on any particular asset. Their claim "floats" over the company's assets, allowing them to secure their debt against different assets at different times. In the event of liquidation or bankruptcy, floating-charge debenture holders would have a higher claim on the company's assets compared to shareholders but lower than secured debenture holders.
Please note that the specific ranking of claims can vary depending on the jurisdiction and the terms of the specific debt agreements. The above answer is a general representation of the typical hierarchy of claims on a company's assets.
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Using Excel and WorldCom's income statement and balance sheet for... Using Excel and WorldCom's income statement and balance sheet for 2001, provided on pages F-2 and F-3 of Form 10-K, prepare a common-size balance sheet and income statement for the years 2000 and 2001. Using formulas, compute the following ratios: gross margin percent, return on sales, return on assets, return on equity, total asset turnover, accounts receivable turnover, accounts receivable days, debt to assets, equity to assets, debt to equity, equity multiplier, current ratio, acid test, net working capital, book value per share, earnings per share, and price earnings. Address the following questions and include your Excel spreadsheets in your submission as exhibits. 1. What did you learn about the relationship between the income statement and balance sheet? 2. Does your analysis raise any questions that might lead to a fraud hypothesis? Explain. For additional details, please refer to the Module Four Activity Guidelines and Rubric document in the Assignment Guidelines and Rubrics section of the course.
The analysis of WorldCom's income statement and balance sheet indicates a deteriorated financial condition in 2001 compared to 2000. The significant increase in accounts receivable and the lower net income raise concerns about potential fraudulent activities within the company.
1. What did you learn about the relationship between the income statement and balance sheet?
The analysis of WorldCom's income statement and balance sheet revealed a deteriorated relationship between the two financial statements. A comparison between the years 2000 and 2001 showed a decline in the company's financial condition in 2001. The net income for 2001 was lower than in 2000, indicating a decrease in profitability. Additionally, the balance sheet highlighted a significant increase in accounts receivable in 2001 compared to 2000.
2. Does your analysis raise any questions that might lead to a fraud hypothesis? Explain.
Yes, the analysis raises questions that suggest a potential fraud hypothesis. The company's internal and external auditors failed to detect the irregularities that persisted over several years. The balance sheet for 2001 showed that the increase in accounts receivable exceeded 150 percent of the increase in revenue. This raises suspicion that WorldCom may have engaged in fraudulent activities such as capitalizing expenses or improperly recording assets. These findings indicate the possibility of fraudulent behavior within WorldCom.
In conclusion, the analysis of WorldCom's income statement and balance sheet indicates a deteriorated financial condition in 2001 compared to 2000. The significant increase in accounts receivable and the lower net income raise concerns about potential fraudulent activities within the company. Further investigation is warranted to delve into the irregularities and determine the extent of the fraud hypothesis.
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Q1. How a business practice or policy from a culture needs to be modified in
another culture?
•E.g. A manager from an individual country conducts meetings in a specific
way. What changes the manager should make in meeting procedures if the
manager is transferred to a collectivist country and works with local staff?
•Similar question about incentive policy, recruitment policies etc.
When a business practice or policy from one culture needs to be implemented in another culture, it is important to consider and modify certain aspects to ensure cultural compatibility and effectiveness. Modifications should be made to accommodate cultural differences and promote collaboration and harmony within the new cultural context.
In the case of conducting meetings in a collectivist culture, the manager should emphasize group participation, consensus-building, and collaboration. Meetings may need to be more inclusive, allowing everyone to have a voice and contribute to decision-making. The manager should create an environment where the collective goals and well-being of the group are prioritized over individual interests. This could involve seeking input from all team members, facilitating open discussions, and ensuring that decisions are made collectively rather than unilaterally.
Similarly, incentive policies may need to be adjusted to reflect the values and motivations of the local staff in the new culture. In collectivist cultures, where group harmony and shared success are important, team-based incentives or recognition programs that reward collective achievements may be more effective than individual performance-based incentives. Recruitment policies should also consider the cultural values and norms of the new culture, ensuring that they are inclusive, respectful, and aligned with the local expectations and preferences. Overall, modifying business practices or policies when transitioning between cultures is crucial for effective cross-cultural collaboration and success. It requires understanding and respecting the cultural nuances, values, and expectations of the new culture and making appropriate adjustments to promote cultural sensitivity, inclusivity, and harmonious working relationships.
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Saint Andrews Chlp Company is considering the purchase of a Industrial grade bagging machine to reduce labor costs. The savings are expected to result in additional cash flows to Rainbow of $25,000 per year. The machine costs $125,000 and is expected to last for 10 years. Saint Andrews Chips has determined that the cost of capital for such an Investment is 14%. The firm has the option to buy the machine with or without an annual service contract. The service contract would cost $1200 per year (in addition to the original machine costs). The manufacturer promises "Good As New" servicing that essentially keeps the machine in new condition forever. Net of the cost of the service contract, the machine would then produce cash flows of $23,800 per year in perpetuity. Using the NPV method, first determine if Rainbow Products should 1) buy the machine without the service contract; 2) or buy the machine with the service contract, or 3) not buy the machine at all. Choose the best answer from the options provided below:
- Don't buy the bagging machine
- Buy the bagging machine but don't buy the service contact. NPV of this option is $162,857
- Buy the bagging machine with the service contract. NPV of this option is $5,403
- Buy the bagging machine but don't buy the service contract. NPV is this option is $5,202 tason
Net Present Value (NPV) is a financial metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment or project. The correct answer from the given options is "Buy the bagging machine with the service contract. NPV of this option is $5,403."
To calculate the NPV, we need to use the following formula: NPV = [ CF1 / (1+r)^1 ] + [ CF2 / (1+r)^2 ] + ... + [ CFn / (1+r)^n ] - Initial OutlayWhere, CF1 = net cash flow in the period 1 CF2 = net cash flow in the period 2C Fn = net cash flow in the period nR = discount rate (i.e., cost of capital).
Initial Outlay = Purchase price + Cost of Installation - Salvage Value Rainbow Products should consider the purchase of the industrial-grade bagging machine using the NPV method. Here are the details: If Saint Andrews Chips buys the machine without a service contract, its cash flow will be $25,000 per year, and the machine will last for ten years. To find out the NPV of this alternative, we can use the formula stated above.
The NPV for this option is $162,857. So, this option is the best one among the provided alternatives. If Saint Andrews Chips purchases the machine with a service contract, it will cost $1200 extra per year. The service contract will ensure that the machine stays in new condition forever. The machine is anticipated to generate net cash flows of $23,800 per year, and it will last indefinitely. This time, the NPV can be calculated using the formula. The NPV of this option is $5,403.So, the best option for Rainbow Products is to purchase the bagging machine with the service contract.
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Elasticity of demand
1. Explain the topic
2. Explain why it can be challenging
1. Elasticity of demand refers to the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price or other determinants of demand. It measures the degree to which the quantity demanded of a product or service changes in response to a change in its price.
Elasticity of demand is typically calculated as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. A high elasticity of demand indicates that consumers are highly responsive to price changes, resulting in a relatively large change in quantity demanded. On the other hand, a low elasticity of demand suggests that consumers are less responsive to price changes, leading to a relatively small change in quantity demanded.
2. Elasticity of demand can be challenging for several reasons:
a) Data availability: Calculating elasticity of demand requires accurate and reliable data on both price and quantity demanded. Obtaining this data can be challenging, especially for businesses that do not have access to comprehensive sales data or face difficulties in tracking consumer behavior.
b) Assumptions and simplifications: Elasticity of demand calculations often rely on certain assumptions and simplifications, such as assuming that other factors affecting demand remain constant (ceteris paribus). In reality, demand is influenced by numerous factors, including consumer preferences, income levels, advertising, and the availability of substitutes. Capturing the true complexity of these factors and their interactions can be difficult.
c) Interpretation and application: Elasticity values are not always straightforward to interpret. Depending on the context, different elasticity values may have different implications for businesses. For example, a highly elastic demand may suggest that a small price change can result in a large change in quantity demanded, but it may also indicate a high level of price competition and limited pricing power for the business. Understanding the practical implications of elasticity values requires careful analysis and consideration of the specific market dynamics.
d) Determinants of demand elasticity: Elasticity of demand can vary depending on the product or service in question and the characteristics of the market. Some products, such as essential goods or products with limited substitutes, tend to have inelastic demand, making it challenging for businesses to use price changes to significantly impact quantity demanded. Additionally, the availability of substitutes, income levels, and consumer preferences can all influence the elasticity of demand, further complicating the analysis.
In summary, while elasticity of demand provides valuable insights into consumer responsiveness to price changes, its calculation and interpretation can be challenging due to data limitations, assumptions, complexities in market dynamics, and varying determinants of elasticity.
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Rock Company issued a $1,000,000 of face value, 3-year bond on January 1, 2014. The bond was dated January 1, 2014, had an 8% stated rate (per year), pays cash interest annually on December 31, and issued when the market rate of interest was 6%. Rock Company uses the effective-interest method to account for its bond liability. Required 1: For the above data, calculate (mathematically) the bond issue price. Required 2: Prepare the necessary journal entry for each of the following dates (assuming that no adjusting journal entries have been made during the year): January 1, 2014 . December 31, 2014
The bond issue price is $2,577,100.2 after the following calculations and journal entries are mentioned below.
1. Calculate the bond issue price:
We know,
Market rate of interest = 6%
Stated rate of interest = 8%
Face value of bond = $1,000,000
Duration of bond = 3 years
The bond was issued when the market rate of interest was 6%.
So, the bond will be issued at the face value of $1,000,000 as the stated rate is greater than the market rate.The bond issue price is calculated as follows:
Bond Issue Price = FV x PVFAn,n(i)
Where,FV = Face value of bond PVFAn,
n(i) = Present value factor of an n-year,
8% bond when market rate of interest is 6%Using the formula,
we get,PVFAn,8%(3) = 2.5771
Bond Issue Price = $1,000,000 x 2.5771= $2,577,100
Therefore, the bond issue price is $2,577,100.2.
Journal entries:
January 1, 2014:
On January 1, 2014, Rock Company issued a 3-year bond at face value of $1,000,000 with a stated interest rate of 8%. Therefore, the journal entry to record the bond issuance is:
Cash$1,000,000Bonds Payable$1,000,000December 31, 2014:
On December 31, 2014, the company needs to record the interest expense and the interest payment. The annual cash interest payment can be calculated as follows:
Cash Interest Payment = Face Value of Bond x Stated Interest Rate= $1,000,000 x 8%=$80,000
a. Record the interest expense
:Interest expense = Book value of bond liability x Market interest rate = $2,577,100 x 6%= $154,626
Account
Interest Expense$154,626Interest Payable$154,626b. Record the interest payment: Interest Payable$80,000Cash$80,000
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(a) Describe the THREE (3) issues that a financial institution will have to consider when assessing credit risk from a single counterparty. (9 marks)
(b) Discuss how ‘credit quality’ can affect the counterparty to perform an obligation. (8 marks)
(c) Differentiate between credit ratings used by banks in relation to those used by others
(a) When assessing credit risk from a single counterparty, a financial institution needs to consider three key issues:
Creditworthiness: The institution must evaluate the counterparty's ability to repay the borrowed funds and meet its financial obligations. Factors such as financial stability, income sources, asset quality, and debt repayment history are examined to assess the counterparty's creditworthiness.(b) Credit quality refers to the creditworthiness and reliability of a counterparty to fulfill its financial obligations. It significantly affects their ability to perform an obligation in the following ways:
Loan Repayment: A counterparty with high credit quality is more likely to repay loans on time and in full, reducing the risk of default. This enhances the counterparty's access to credit and favorable borrowing terms.(c) Credit ratings used by banks differ from those used by others, such as credit rating agencies, in terms of purpose and methodology. Banks typically use internal credit rating systems tailored to their specific needs and risk appetite. These ratings are internally generated and reflect the bank's assessment of a counterparty's creditworthiness based on its own criteria and models.
On the other hand, credit rating agencies provide independent assessments of creditworthiness to investors and the general public. They use standardized methodologies and rating scales to evaluate the credit risk of issuers of debt securities, such as governments, corporations, or financial institutions. These ratings are publicly available and help investors make informed decisions about investing in bonds or other debt instruments.
Credit rating agencies employ rigorous analysis of financial data, including factors like financial ratios, cash flows, industry trends, and management quality. Their ratings are widely recognized and used as benchmarks by market participants to assess the credit quality of issuers and their debt securities.
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Companies Invest in expansion projects with the expectation of increasing the earnings of its business.
Consider the case of Fox Co:
Fox Co. is considering an investment that will have the following sales, variable costs, and fixed operating costs:
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
Unit sales 3,500 4,000 4,200 4,250
Sales price $38.50 $39.88 $40.15 $41.55
Variable cost per unit $22.34 $22.85 $23.67 $23.87
Fixed operating costs except depreciation $37,000 $37,500 $38,120 $39,560
Accelerated depreciation rate 33% 45% 15% 7%
This project will require an investment of $15,000 in new equipment. The equipment will have no salvage value at the end of the project's four-year life. Fox pays a constant tax rate of 40%, and has a weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 11%.
Determine what the project's net present value (NPV) would be when using accelerated depreciation.
a. $38,789
b. $34,479
c. $49,554
d. $43,099
The project's net present value (NPV) when using accelerated depreciation is $38,479 (option a).
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project using accelerated depreciation, we need to follow a step-by-step approach.
Step 1: Calculate the annual cash flows
To determine the annual cash flows, we subtract the variable costs and fixed operating costs (excluding depreciation) from the sales revenue.
Year 1:
Sales revenue = Unit sales × Sales price = 3,500 ×$38.50 = $134,750
Variable costs = Unit sales × Variable cost per unit = 3,500 ×$22.34 = $78,190
Fixed operating costs = $37,000
Annual cash flow (Year 1) = Sales revenue - Variable costs - Fixed operating costs = $134,750 - $78,190 - $37,000 = $19,560
Similarly, we calculate the annual cash flows for Year 2, Year 3, and Year 4 using the given data.
Year 2:
Sales revenue = 4,000 × $39.88 = $159,520
Variable costs = 4,000 ×$22.85 = $91,400
Fixed operating costs = $37,500
Annual cash flow (Year 2) = $159,520 - $91,400 - $37,500 = $30,620
Year 3:
Sales revenue = 4,200 × $40.15 = $168,630
Variable costs = 4,200 ×$23.67 = $99,294
Fixed operating costs = $38,120
Annual cash flow (Year 3) = $168,630 - $99,294 - $38,120 = $31,216
Year 4:
Sales revenue = 4,250 × $41.55 = $176,437.50
Variable costs = 4,250 ×$23.87 = $101,537.50
Fixed operating costs = $39,560
Annual cash flow (Year 4) = $176,437.50 - $101,537.50 - $39,560 = $35,340
Step 2: Calculate the tax shield benefit from depreciation
The tax shield benefit from depreciation is the depreciation expense multiplied by the tax rate (40%).
Year 1:
Depreciation expense = $15,000 × 33% = $4,950
Tax shield benefit (Year 1) = Depreciation expense ×Tax rate = $4,950 × 0.4 = $1,980
Similarly, we calculate the tax shield benefit for Year 2, Year 3, and Year 4 using the given depreciation rates.
Year 2:
Depreciation expense = $15,000 ×45% = $6,750
Tax shield benefit (Year 2) = $6,750 × 0.4 = $2,700
Year 3:
Depreciation expense = $15,000 ×15% = $2,250
Tax shield benefit (Year 3) = $2,250 × 0.4 = $900
Year 4:
Depreciation expense = $15,000 ×7% = $1,050
Tax shield benefit (Year 4) = $1,050 × 0.4 = $420
Step 3: Calculate the after-tax cash flows
To calculate the after-tax cash flows, we subtract the tax shield benefit from the annual cash flows.
Year 1:
After-tax cash flow (Year 1) = Annual cash flow (Year 1) - Tax shield benefit (Year 1) = $19,560 - $1,980 = $17,580
Similarly, we calculate the after
-tax cash flows for Year 2, Year 3, and Year 4.
Year 2:
After-tax cash flow (Year 2) = $30,620 - $2,700 = $27,920
Year 3:
After-tax cash flow (Year 3) = $31,216 - $900 = $30,316
Year 4:
After-tax cash flow (Year 4) = $35,340 - $420 = $34,920
Step 4: Discount the after-tax cash flows to their present values
To calculate the present value of each cash flow, we discount it using the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 11%.
Year 1:
Present value (Year 1) = [tex]\frac{After-tax cash flow (Year 1) }{ (1 + WACC)^1} = \frac{17,580 }{ (1 + 0.11)^1} = $15,800[/tex]
Similarly, we calculate the present values for Year 2, Year 3, and Year 4.
Year 2:
Present value (Year 2) =[tex]\frac{27,920}{(1 + 0.11)^2}[/tex]= $23,658
Year 3:
Present value (Year 3) = [tex]\frac{30,316}{ (1 + 0.11)^3}[/tex] = $24,870
Year 4:
Present value (Year 4) = [tex]\frac{34,920 }{ (1 + 0.11)^4}[/tex]= $24,151
Step 5: Calculate the net present value (NPV)
The NPV is the sum of the present values of the cash flows minus the initial investment.
NPV = Sum of present values - Initial investment
NPV = $15,800 + $23,658 + $24,870 + $24,151 - $15,000
NPV = $53,479 - $15,000
NPV = $38,479
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A medical treatment (A) is given to COVID patients admitted to a local hospital. Fortunately, 30% of patients will fully recover and can be released from hospitals. The remaining 70% patients will need to go through a second treatment (either C, 50% or D, 20%) before they will fully recover and can be released. Assume 100 patients per day are being admitted to the hospital for medical treatments. Capacity utilization for resource treating patients from A to D is calculated using 2,000 hospital beds designated for COVID treatment. The process diagram is given here for reference. 30% с 8 days 50% Admitted 7 days 2 days Released 20% D 10 days What is the average Length of Stay (LOS) for a patient, from being admitted to released? (Correct to the nearest integer) 19 days 17 days 18 days 16 days 15 days Given the average LOS of a patient and 2,000 beds available in the hospital to treat COVID patient, what is the maximum number of patients per day (on average) can the hospital admit? (Correct to the nearest integer) 111 118 133 125 105
The correct answer for the average Length of Stay (LOS) is 7 days, and the maximum number of patients per day that the hospital can admit is 286.
To calculate the average Length of Stay (LOS) for a patient, we need to consider the time spent in each treatment stage and the corresponding probabilities.
For patients who fully recover after treatment A (30%):
LOS = 8 days (time spent in treatment A)
For patients who need a second treatment (either C or D) after treatment A (70%):
LOS = (50% * 7 days) + (50% * 2 days) + (20% * 10 days) = 3.5 days + 1 day + 2 days = 6.5 days
To calculate the overall average LOS, we multiply the LOS for each group by their respective probabilities and sum them up:
Average LOS = (30% * 8 days) + (70% * 6.5 days) = 2.4 days + 4.55 days = 6.95 days
Rounding to the nearest integer, the average Length of Stay (LOS) for a patient is approximately 7 days.
Now, let's calculate the maximum number of patients per day that the hospital can admit, considering the average LOS and the available beds.
Maximum number of patients per day = Total number of beds / Average LOS
Maximum number of patients per day = 2,000 beds / 7 days ≈ 285.7
Rounding to the nearest integer, the maximum number of patients per day that the hospital can admit is approximately 286 patients.
Therefore, the correct answer for the average Length of Stay (LOS) is 7 days, and the maximum number of patients per day that the hospital can admit is 286.
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Daniel's Market has sales of $39940, costs of $28369, depreciation expense of $3788, and interest expense of $1972. If the tax rate is 38 percent, what is the operating cash flow ( OCF)? Do not use $,round your answer to nearest whole dollar amount (Example: 12340).
The operating cash flow (OCF) is $ 10,471 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount).Hence, the correct option is (a) $ 10,471.
Given,Sales revenue = $ 39,940
Costs = $ 28,369
Depreciation expense = $ 3,788
Interest expense = $ 1,972Tax rate = 38%
To calculate: The operating cash flow (OCF)
Formula to calculate OCF:OCF = (Sales revenue - Costs - Depreciation expense) × (1 - Tax rate) + Depreciation expense
Here,OCF = ($ 39,940 - $ 28,369 - $ 3,788) × (1 - 0.38) + $ 3,788OCF = $ 10,783 × 0.62 + $ 3,788OCF = $ 6682.66 + $ 3,788OCF = $ 10,470.66 ≈ $ 10,471
So, the operating cash flow (OCF) is $ 10,471 (rounded to the nearest whole dollar amount).Hence, the correct option is (a) $ 10,471.
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Examine the following table. If AlphaOne merged with both Gargantua and CaliCo, the new HHI would be Market Share Firm Market Share Squared (%) AlphaOne 28 784 Bravado 21 441 CaliCo 19 361 Donner 15 225 Ethereal Tech 7 49 Fintron6 6 36 Gargantua 4 16 Total 100% 1912(HHI) Type your numeric answer and submit
The HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index) is a commonly used measure of market concentration that is used to assess how competitive a market is. The HHI ranges from 0 to 10,000, with a higher number indicating a more concentrated market.
The HHI is calculated by summing the squared market shares of all the firms in a market.The HHI for the current market is 1912, which is considered to be a moderately concentrated market. If AlphaOne merged with both Gargantua and CaliCo, the new HHI would be calculated as follows:Market Share Firm Market Share Squared (%) AlphaOne 28 784 Bravado 21 441 CaliCo 19 361 Donner 15 225
AlphaOne's market share would increase to 28% + 4% + 19% = 51%.The squared market share for AlphaOne would be (0.51)² = 0.2601.Gargantua's market share would increase to 4% + 28% + 19% = 51%.The squared market share for Gargantua would be (0.51)² = 0.2601.CaliCo's market share would increase to 19% + 28% + 4% = 51%.
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21. You have the following data for a firm: EBITDA €300.0,
Depreciation €50.0, CAPEX €87.5, and its net working capital
dropped by €25.0. If the corporate tax rate is 21%, calculate its
Free C
The amount of cash created by a company's operations that is available for distribution to investors, reinvestment in the firm, or debt reduction is measured by a financial indicator called free cash flow (FCF).
EBITDA of a firm is €300.0, Depreciation is €50.0, CAPEX is €87.5, and net working capital decreased by €25.0. The corporate tax rate is 21%. The free cash flow (FCF) for the given firm can be calculated as follows: FCF = EBITDA - Depreciation - Taxes - CAPEX + Δ NWC Where Δ NWC = Change in Net Working Capital Taxes = Corporate tax rate × (EBITDA - Depreciation - Δ NWC).
Therefore, FCF = €300.0 - €50.0 - (0.21 × (€300.0 - €50.0 - (- €25.0))) - €87.5 + (- €25.0)FCF = €300.0 - €50.0 - (0.21 × (€300.0 + €25.0)) - €87.5 - €25.0FCF = €250.0 - €66.5 - €87.5FCF = €96.0 million. Hence, the Free Cash Flow for the given firm is €96.0 million.
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Flash Limited had the following cash flows during the reporting period: Receipts from customers $350341 Dividend paid $8152 Operating expenses paid $25515 Payments to suppliers $190520 Interest paid $2592 Income taxes paid $6472 The net cash flows from operating activities would be
To calculate the net cash flows from operating activities, we need to consider the cash inflows and cash outflows directly related to the company's core operations.
In this case, the cash inflow from operating activities is the "Receipts from customers" amount, which is $350,341.
The cash outflows from operating activities include:
"Operating expenses paid" amounting to $25,515
"Payments to suppliers" amounting to $190,520
"Interest paid" amounting to $2,592
"Income taxes paid" amounting to $6,472
To calculate the net cash flows from operating activities, we subtract the cash outflows from the cash inflow:
Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities = Cash inflow - Cash outflows
= $350,341 - ($25,515 + $190,520 + $2,592 + $6,472)
= $350,341 - $225,099
= $125,242
Therefore, the net cash flows from operating activities for Flash Limited during the reporting period is $125,242.
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Resources Him Check Answer Question 21 of 22 > Identify whether each macroeconomic variable is an example of a withdrawal or an injection. Then, determine the value of investment at equilibrium. All values are in billions of dollars Withdrawal Injection Answer Bank tex-53000 government spending $4000 investment 2 import-$2800 export-$2200 kaving-5800 SWA
To determine whether each macroeconomic variable is an example of a withdrawal or an injection, we need to understand the definitions of withdrawals and injections in the context of macroeconomics.
Withdrawals are leakages from the circular flow of income, which reduce the total spending in the economy. They include savings [tex](\(S\))[/tex] , taxes [tex](\(T\))[/tex] , and imports [tex](\(M\))[/tex] because they represent money flowing out of the economy.
Injections, on the other hand, are additions to the circular flow of income, which increase the total spending in the economy. They include investment [tex](\(I\))[/tex] , government spending [tex](\(G\))[/tex] , and exports [tex](\(X\))[/tex] because they represent money flowing into the economy.
Based on this understanding, let's categorize each variable as a withdrawal [tex](\(W\))[/tex] or an injection [tex](\(I\)):[/tex]
[tex]\text{Bank tax:} & \quad \text{Withdrawal (W)} \\[/tex]
[tex]\text{Government spending:} & \quad \text{Injection (I)} \\[/tex]
[tex]\text{Investment:} & \quad \text{Injection (I)} \\[/tex]
[tex]\text{Import:} & \quad \text{Withdrawal (W)} \\[/tex]
[tex]\text{Export:} & \quad \text{Injection (I)} \\[/tex]
[tex]\text{Saving:} & \quad \text{Withdrawal (W)}[/tex]
Now, to determine the value of investment at equilibrium, we need additional information. The question mentions the values of various variables but does not provide information about the equilibrium level of investment. Equilibrium investment depends on various factors such as interest rates, business confidence, and government policies.
Without specific information about the equilibrium level of investment, we cannot determine its value.
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You have been asked by the president of the Farr Construction Company to evaluate the proposed acquisition of a new earth mover. The mover's basic price is $220,000, and it would cost another $30,000 to modify it for special use. Assume that the mover falls into the MACRS 5-year class, it would be sold after 4 years for $60,000, and it would require an increase in net operating working capital (spare parts inventory) of $10,000. The earth mover would have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm $52,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. The firm's marginal federal-plus-state tax rate is 25 percent and the project's cost of capital is 10 percent.
Evaluate the project using the NPV rule and the IRR rule.
To evaluate the project using the NPV rule and the IRR rule, we need to calculate the net cash flows for each year, discount them to their present value, and then apply the respective rules.
First, let's calculate the net cash flows:
Year 0:
Initial investment = -$220,000 (basic price) - $30,000 (modification cost) + $10,000 (increase in working capital) = -$240,000
Years 1-4:
Net cash flow = Savings in operating costs - Tax on savings
Net cash flow = $52,000 - ($52,000 * 0.25) = $39,000 (after-tax cash flow)
Year 5:
Net cash flow = Salvage value - Tax on salvage value
Net cash flow = $60,000 - ($60,000 - $30,000) * 0.25 = $45,000 (after-tax cash flow)
Now, let's calculate the present value of the net cash flows using the project's cost of capital of 10%:
PV (Year 0) = -$240,000 / (1 + 0.10)^0 = -$240,000
PV (Years 1-4) = $39,000 / (1 + 0.10)^1 + $39,000 / (1 + 0.10)^2 + $39,000 / (1 + 0.10)^3 + $39,000 / (1 + 0.10)^4 = $134,095.04
PV (Year 5) = $45,000 / (1 + 0.10)^5 = $28,598.74
Next, let's calculate the net present value (NPV) by summing up the present values of the net cash flows:
NPV = PV (Year 0) + PV (Years 1-4) + PV (Year 5) = -$240,000 + $134,095.04 + $28,598.74 = -$77,306.22
To evaluate the project using the IRR rule, we can use a financial calculator or spreadsheet to find the internal rate of return (IRR). The IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV of the project equal to zero.
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, the IRR for this project is approximately 8.92%.
Based on the NPV rule, since the NPV is negative (-$77,306.22), the project would be considered unattractive. It does not generate sufficient returns to cover the initial investment and provide a positive net present value.
Based on the IRR rule, the project's IRR of 8.92% is lower than the cost of capital (10%). Therefore, the project would also be considered unattractive using the IRR rule.
Overall, based on both the NPV rule and the IRR rule, the proposed acquisition of the new earth mover would not be recommended.
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1. Why do nations trade? What is absolute advantage and
comparative advantage? What happens when a currency appreciates or
depreciates in value and how does it impact exchange rates?
Nations trade because of the following reasons: To obtain goods and services that are not available in their country at reasonable prices To have access to products and services from different regions concentrate on production while importing goods and services from other countries.
Trade enables countries to specialize in their area of comparative advantage and obtain greater efficiency. The ability of a nation to produce a product or service at a lower cost than its competitors is referred to as absolute advantage. Comparative advantage occurs when a country specializes in the production of goods and services that it can produce most efficiently while importing others from other nations. Comparative advantage enables countries to enjoy higher production, cost-efficiency, and economic growth. Currency appreciation refers to an increase in the value of one currency in comparison to another. Currency depreciation refers to a decrease in the value of a currency compared to another. When the value of a country's currency appreciates, imports from other countries become less expensive, while exports become more costly. When a nation's currency depreciates, its exports become less expensive while imports become more expensive. A country's exchange rate is impacted by currency appreciation or depreciation. When a country's currency appreciates, its exchange rate rises, while when it depreciates, its exchange rate falls.
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For each of the following utility functions:
1.U(x1,x2) = (x1)^0.25*(x2)^0.75
2.U(x1,x2) = x1+2x2
3.U(x1,x2) = min{x1,x2}
(a). Graph the indifference curve for U=5.
(b). Calculate the level of utility for the following consumption bundle: (7, 10)
(c). Calculate the marginal utility of moving from
i) (7, 10) to (7, 11)
ii) (7, 11) to (7, 12)
(d). Based on (c), does this utility function display diminishing marginal utility?
a) To graph the indifference curve for U = 5, let us solve the equation for x2 in terms of x1: (x1)^0.25*(x2)^0.75 = 5x2 = [5/(x1)^0.25]^4/3This equation implies that x2 is a decreasing function of x1.
Utility is the level of satisfaction or pleasure a consumer receives from the consumption of goods and services. Indifference curves are a way of depicting various combinations of two goods that provide consumers with a certain level of utility. These curves show all combinations of two goods that offer the same level of utility.
As a result, the slope of the indifference curve at any point represents the marginal rate of substitution between the two goods.The given question has three utility functions which are:U (x1,x2) = (x1)^0.25*(x2)^0.75U(x1,x2) = x1+2x2U (x1,x2) = min{x1,x2}a) To graph the indifference curve for U = 5, let us solve the equation for x2 in terms of x1: (x1)^0.25*(x2)^0.75 = 5x2 = [5/(x1)^0.25]^4/3 This equation implies that x2 is a decreasing function of x1.
Thus, the slope of the indifference curve is negative. The following diagram represents the indifference curve.b) The level of utility for the following consumption bundle: (7, 10) will be:U(x1,x2) = (x1)^0.25*(x2)^0.75U(7,10) = (7)^0.25*(10)^0.75 ≈ 56.169c) The marginal utility of moving from i) (7,10) to (7,11) is:U(7, 11) - U(7, 10) ≈ [7^(1/4)*11^(3/4) - 7^(1/4)*10^(3/4)] ≈ 6.122The marginal utility of moving from ii) (7,11) to (7,12) is:U(7, 12) - U(7, 11) ≈ [7^(1/4)*12^(3/4) - 7^(1/4)*11^(3/4)] ≈ 4.819d).
Utility functions allow us to measure the level of satisfaction or pleasure that a consumer obtains from the consumption of goods and services. Indifference curves are a way of illustrating different combinations of two goods that provide customers with a specific level of utility. It is a representation of all combinations of two goods that offer the same level of satisfaction.
The marginal rate of substitution between the two goods is represented by the slope of the indifference curve at any point. The given question has three utility functions, and we have plotted the indifference curves for U=5 and also calculated the level of utility and marginal utility of moving from one point to another point. Finally, we observed that the utility function displays diminishing marginal utility.
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You are deciding between two mutually exclusive investment opportunities. Both require the same initial investment of $10.0 million. Investment A will generate $2.00 million per year (starting at the end of the first year) in perpetuity. Investment B will generate $1.50 million at the end of the first year, and its revenues will grow at 2.0 % per year for every year after that. Equity cost of capital = 7%. a. Which investment has the higher IRR?
Investment A has a higher IRR than Investment B.
To compare the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of Investment A and Investment B, we need to calculate the IRR for each investment and compare the results.
For Investment A, the cash flows are constant at $2.00 million per year. Since the initial investment is $10.0 million, the IRR can be calculated by dividing the annual cash flow ($2.00 million) by the initial investment ($10.0 million), resulting in an IRR of 20%.
For Investment B, the cash flows grow at a rate of 2.0% per year. In this case, we need to use the perpetuity formula to calculate the IRR. The formula is Cash Flow / (Cost of Capital - Growth Rate). The cash flow at the end of the first year is $1.50 million, and the cost of capital is 7%, with a growth rate of 2.0%. Plugging these values into the formula, we find that the IRR for Investment B is 13.16%.
Based on the calculations, Investment A has a higher IRR of 20% compared to Investment B's IRR of 13.16%. Therefore, Investment A has a higher rate of return and would be the preferred investment choice.
Hence, Investment A has a higher IRR than Investment B, indicating that it offers a higher rate of return on the initial investment.
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Alpha’s stockholders’ equity decreased $10,000, common stock increased $15,000, and dividends of $4,000 were declared and paid. How much was Alpha's net income or net loss?
Net income of $29,000
Net income of $11,000
Net loss of $29,000
The correct answer is not listed.
Net loss of $21,000
Given,Alpha’s stockholders’ equity decreased $10,000, common stock increased $15,000, and dividends of $4,000 were declared and paid.To calculate the net income or net loss, We use the following formula:
Net income = Total revenue - Total expenses- Dividends For calculating the total revenue or total expenses, the transaction is required. But here we only have changes in the stockholder equity and the common stock. Therefore, we can not find the exact net income or net loss.Thus, we can not determine the net income or net loss with the given information. Therefore, the correct answer is the option "The correct answer is not listed".
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The primary advantage of using price experimentation to measure demand for a good is:
A) that it may help a firm weed out better customers from average customers
B) that is usually very inexpensive
C) that it allows firms to raise prices and keep them there
D) that it measures actions and not words of customers
E) all the above
The correct answer is: D) that it measures actions and not words of customers. Price experimentation as a method to measure demand for a good offers the advantage of measuring actual customer behavior rather than relying on customer statements or intentions.
By observing how customers respond to different prices, firms can gain insights into their true preferences and willingness to pay. This approach allows firms to make informed decisions based on actual market behavior rather than relying solely on customer surveys or opinions.
While the other options listed in the question (A, B, and C) may have some relevance to certain situations, they do not capture the primary advantage of using price experimentation. Option D emphasizes the key aspect of measuring actions rather than relying on verbal expressions of demand. Price experimentation provides tangible evidence of how customers respond to different prices and allows firms to understand the price-demand relationship in a more objective manner.
In conclusion, the primary advantage of using price experimentation to measure demand for a good is that it measures actions and actual customer behavior, enabling firms to gain a more accurate understanding of demand and make informed pricing decisions.
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On January 1, 2019, Barker Co. purchased equipment at $400,000, with an estimated 5-year life and an expected residual value of $40,000. On May 1, 2022, Barker Co. sells equipment for $185,000. The gain or loss on a disposal using the straight-line method is
O a. $19,000 gain.
O b. $25,000 gain.
O c. $47,000 loss.
O d. None of the above is correct.
$47,000 loss. Barker Co. used the straight-line method, which evenly distributes the cost over the estimated useful life.
The equipment was purchased on January 1, 2019, and has a 5-year life, so the annual depreciation expense is ($400,000 - $40,000) / 5 = $72,000. From January 1, 2019, to May 1, 2022 (3 years and 4 months), the accumulated depreciation is ($72,000/year * 3 years) + ($72,000/12 months * 4 months) = $216,000 + $24,000 = $240,000. The carrying value (book value) of the equipment at the time of sale is $400,000 - $240,000 = $160,000. Since the equipment was sold for $185,000, there is a loss of $160,000 - $185,000 = $47,000.
The gain or loss on disposal of an asset is determined by comparing the carrying value (book value) of the asset at the time of sale with the proceeds from the sale. In this case, the equipment was purchased for $400,000, and depreciation of $72,000 per year was recorded using the straight-line method. By May 1, 2022, the accumulated depreciation is $240,000. The carrying value of the equipment is calculated by subtracting the accumulated depreciation from the initial cost, resulting in a carrying value of $160,000. Since the equipment was sold for $185,000, there is a loss of $160,000 - $185,000 = $47,000. Therefore, the correct answer is c. $47,000 loss.
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a morbid fear of disease 2. one who loves foreign things or places 3. the act of worshiping fire 4. impairment of the ability to write 5. unwholesome sexual attraction to animals 6. the study of the origins of the gods 7. use of the same letters to represent sounds (as in tough and dough). 8. giving birth to more than one offspring at a time 9. lacking color 10. liking to be with others; enjoying crowds
Here are the answers to the given questions:
1. A morbid fear of disease - There are various terms for the fear of diseases, which include pathophobia, germophobia, bacillophobia, and nosocomephobia.
2. One who loves foreign things or places - A person who loves foreign things or places is called a xenophile.
3. The act of worshiping fire - The act of worshiping fire is known as pyrolatry.
4. Impairment of the ability to write - Dysgraphia is the impairment of the ability to write
.5. Unwholesome sexual attraction to animals - Zoophilia is an unwholesome sexual attraction to animals.
6. The study of the origins of the gods - The study of the origins of the gods is called Theogony.
7. Use of the same letters to represent sounds (as in tough and dough) - Homophones are the use of the same letters to represent sounds.
8. Giving birth to more than one offspring at a time - Giving birth to more than one offspring at a time is called multiple births.
9. Lacking color - The term that describes the lacking of color is Achromatic.
10. Liking to be with others; enjoying crowds - The term that describes liking to be with others and enjoying crowds is Sociable or gregarious.
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Diversification is the process of firms expanding their operations by entering new businesses. In related diversification, a firm enters a different business in which it can benefit from leveraging core competencies, sharing activities, or building market power. Johnson & Johnson engaged mainly in corporate acquisitions allowing the company to expand and applying decentralized approach allowed innovation, independence, responsiveness, and an entrepreneurial approach. However, as the company expanded the structure and design became rigid to change. Can you explain what was the catalyst that promoted the need for a new strategic direction?
Diversification is the process of firms expanding their operations by entering new businesses. In related diversification, a firm enters a different business in which it can benefit from leveraging core competencies, sharing activities, or building market power.
Johnson & Johnson engaged mainly in corporate acquisitions allowing the company to expand. Applying a decentralized approach allowed innovation, independence, responsiveness, and an entrepreneurial approach. However, as the company expanded, the structure and design became rigid to change. The catalyst that promoted the need for a new strategic direction was the Tylenol crisis.
Tylenol crisis was a widely publicized and life-threatening case of product tampering that occurred in the United States in 1982. The crisis began in Chicago, when a young girl died after ingesting Extra Strength Tylenol that had been tampered with by unknown suspects. The tampering involved replacing Tylenol Extra Strength capsules with cyanide-laced capsules, resealing the packages, and returning them to the shelves of pharmacies. Seven people died after taking the tainted capsules. Johnson & Johnson was applauded for its handling of the crisis.
The company recalled 31 million bottles of Tylenol and offered free replacement capsules that had new, tamper-proof packaging. Johnson & Johnson also cooperated with the police and the Food and Drug Administration, and offered a $100,000 reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the person or persons responsible for the tampering.
In short, the Tylenol crisis promoted Johnson & Johnson to restructure, redesign and change its approach to strategic management to a more centralized approach that focused on quality control and product innovation.
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