1. Ethic of Public Service: Emphasizes serving the common good and prioritizing public interests over personal ones. Limitations include defining the common good and navigating conflicting interests. Relevant in promoting integrity and accountability in contemporary public administration.
2. Social Contract Theory: Based on a mutual agreement between citizens and government, it highlights the responsibilities and obligations of public administrators. Limitations include assumptions of consent and power imbalances. Relevant in emphasizing legitimacy, accountability, and participatory governance.
The Ethic of Public Service underscores the duty of public servants to prioritize the common good and act with integrity and accountability. However, challenges arise in defining and reconciling diverse interpretations of the common good. Despite limitations, this theory remains relevant in contemporary public administration by promoting ethical conduct and public accountability.
The Social Contract Theory posits that citizens willingly enter into a social contract with the government, giving it authority in exchange for protection and benefits. While assuming consent may not always hold true, the theory emphasizes the responsibilities of public administrators. It falls short in addressing power imbalances and unequal resource access. Nevertheless, it remains relevant in contemporary public administration by emphasizing legitimacy, accountability, and participatory governance.
In summary, these theories provide ethical frameworks for public administrators, guiding their actions and decisions in serving the public interest. They offer valuable insights despite their limitations, contributing to the ethical dimensions of contemporary public administration.
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Match the following assessment tools and methods with the purposes of the analysis. Porter's 6 forces SWOT analysis MAST framework PESTEL analysis Review Later A. Assessing the general business environment B. Assessing the quality of collateral C. Assessing industry attractiveness D. Assessing the company's competitive position
The following assessment tools and methods match with the purposes of the analysis as follows:
A. PESTEL analysis: Assessing the general business environment
B. Porter's 6 forces: Assessing industry attractiveness
C. SWOT analysis: Assessing the company's competitive position
D. MAST framework: Assessing the quality of collateral
The explanation of these all are here:
A. PESTEL analysis is used to assess the general business environment by examining political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors that can impact a company's operations and strategy.
B. Porter's 6 forces is a framework for analyzing industry attractiveness by evaluating competitive forces such as the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitutes, and the intensity of rivalry among competitors.
C. SWOT analysis is employed to assess the company's competitive position by examining its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in relation to its internal and external environment.
D. The MAST framework is utilized to assess the quality of collateral, specifically in the context of financial analysis and lending, by evaluating factors related to mortgage, assets, structure, and terms.
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Starlord's Eastern Division is currently purchasing a part from an outside supplier. The company's Western Division, which has no excess capacity, makes and sells this part for external customers at a variable cost of $29 and a selling price of $78. If Westem begins sales to Eastern, it will use the general transfer-pricing rule and will be able to reduce variable cost on internal transfer by $10. Western would establish a minimum transfer price of: (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answer to the nearest two decimal places.)
The minimum transfer price that Western Division should establish for the part is $19.
To determine the minimum transfer price that Western Division should establish, we need to consider the variable cost and the reduction in cost due to internal transfer.
The variable cost of the part for external customers is $29. However, if Western Division sells to Eastern Division internally, they can reduce the variable cost by $10. This means the cost for internal transfer would be $29 - $10 = $19.
Therefore, Western Division should establish a minimum transfer price of $19 for the part.
Please note that the selling price to external customers and the excess capacity of the Western Division are not relevant in determining the minimum transfer price according to the information provided.
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Holmes, Inc. expects net cash flow from operating activities to be $160,000, and the company plans purchases of equipment of $83,000 and
Holmes, Inc. expects net cash flow from operating activities to be $160,000, and the company plans purchases of equipment of $83,000 and repurchases of stock of $24,000 What is Holmes's free cash flow? A. $53,000 B. $160,000 C. $77,000 D. 83,00
The free cash flow of Holmes, Inc. is $77,000. Option C is the correct answer.
Free cash flow is calculated by deducting capital expenditures from cash flows from operations.
The formula for free cash flow (FCF) is given below:
Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures Holmes, Inc. anticipates that net cash flow from operating activities will be $160,000 and that equipment purchases will be $83,000, and repurchases of stock will be $24,000.
Therefore, the free cash flow of Holmes, Inc. is as follows:
FCF = $160,000 - $83,000FCF = $77,000
Therefore, $77,000 is the answer. Option C is the correct answer.
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Globally, over 1.2 billion children are out of the classroom. As a result, education has changed dramatically with the distinctive rise of e-learning whereby teaching is undertaken remotely and on digital platforms. During and after the COVID -19 pandemic, students will encounter personal adjustments, fears, and mental health concerns, among other challenges and opportunities. In no more than three (3) paragraphs, discuss how students can overcome these challenges and position themselves to succeed in their quest for tertiary studies.
You are to refer to sources/articles to support your response. All sources used must be appropriately cited using the APA 7th Edition.
The current COVID-19 pandemic has forced many students to adjust to a new way of learning remotely.
To overcome the challenges posed by this change, students need to create a structured routine that emphasizes the importance of time management and self-discipline. It is crucial to find a quiet and comfortable learning environment, free from disruptions or any distractions that could prevent one from focusing on their studies.
By creating a routine that outlines set times for learning and breaks, students can ensure that they remain on track to attain educational goals. Apart from establishing a structured routine, it is essential to stay connected with peers, teachers, or mentors throughout the remote learning process.
Communication helps to reduce feelings of disconnection or isolation commonly experienced when studying remotely. Students can leverage technology to engage with peers or teachers through digital platforms, such as video calls, chats, or online forums.
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A certain part (0438) requires three assembly operations (L,M and Q) that are sequentially done on an automatic assembly line. The schedule designer requires this assembly line to produce 6000 parts/month, and the plant will be operating 4 weeks per month, six days per week, and 8 hours per day. The following information is known: The line is controlled by a computer that requires re-programing every lot of 750 parts. This re-programing process takes I hour on average. The required time in(hours) for operation (Q) to produce the requiredquantity is 316 350 211
The line is controlled by a computer that requires re-programming of every lot of 750 parts. This re-programming process takes I hour on average. The required time in (hours) for operation (Q) to produce the required quantity is 316 350 211.
Given the information as follows; A certain part (0438) requires three assembly operations (L, M and Q) that are sequentially done on an automatic assembly line. The schedule designer requires this assembly line to produce 6000 parts/month, and the plant will be operating 4 weeks per month, six days per week, and 8 hours per day.
We have the following;
The total working hours in a month = 4 weeks × 6 days/week × 8 hours/day
= 192 hours/month.
Total production = 6000 parts/month
The production rate/hour = Total production/ Total working hours in a month
= 6000 parts/192 hours
= 31.25 parts/hour.
Number of lot per month = 6000/750 = 8 lots/month.
Therefore, Total computer time = Number of lots × time per lot
= 8 lots × 1 hour/lot
= 8 hours/month.
Thus, Net time = Total time – Computer time
= 192 hours – 8 hours
= 184 hours/month. Therefore,
The hourly rate of operation Q = Total time required for operation Q / Number of parts produced per hour
= (316 + 350 + 211) / (184)
= 1.95 hours/part.
Therefore, the hourly rate of the part is 1.95 hours/part.
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FastTrack Bikes, Inc. is thinking of developing a new composite road bike. Development will take six years and the cost is per year. Once in production, the bike is expected to make per year for years. Assume the cost of capital is .
a. Calculate the NPV of this investment opportunity, assuming all cash flows occur at the end of each year. Should the company make the investment?
b. By how much must the cost of capital estimate deviate to change the decision? (Hint: Use Excel to calculate theIRR.)
c. What is the NPV of the investment if the cost of capital is ? Note: Assume that all cash flows occur at the end of the appropriate year and that the inflows do not start until year 7.
a. The company should invest because the NPV of the investment is positive.
b. If the cost of capital estimate deviates by more than 8.95%, the decision to invest will be changed.
c. If the cost of capital is 12%, the NPV of the investment will be $11,842.21.
a. Calculation of NPV of the investment opportunity given that all cash flows occur at the end of each year is as follows:
NPV= -$50,000 - $50,000/(1+0.1) - $50,000/(1+0.1)^2 - $50,000/(1+0.1)^3 - $50,000/(1+0.1)^4 - $50,000/(1+0.1)^5 + $20,000/(1+0.1)^6 + $20,000/(1+0.1)^7 + $20,000/(1+0.1)^8 + $20,000/(1+0.1)^9 + $20,000/(1+0.1)^10= -$50,000 - $45,454.55 - $41,322.31 - $37,566.65 - $34,150.59 - $31,040.54 + $10,756.04 + $9,778.22 + $8,889.29 + $8,080.26 + $7,342.06 + $6,666.42= $277.44
The company should invest because the NPV of the investment is positive.
b. Calculation of the IRR using Excel's IRR function:=$277.44 =NPV(10%, -50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000)0 =IRR(-50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000)18.95% =IRR(-50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, -50000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 20000, 277.44)
Therefore, if the cost of capital estimate deviates by more than 8.95%, the decision to invest will be changed.
c. Calculation of the NPV of the investment opportunity assuming the cost of capital is 12% and that all cash flows occur at the end of the appropriate year and that the inflows do not start until year 7 is as follows: NPV= $20,000/(1+0.12)^6 + $20,000/(1+0.12)^7 + $20,000/(1+0.12)^8 + $20,000/(1+0.12)^9 + $20,000/(1+0.12)^10= $11,842.21
Therefore, if the cost of capital is 12%, the NPV of the investment will be $11,842.21.
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points Save Ar He acquired the shares on 5/05/1990. This is Eric's only CGT event for the year. He has a carry forward net capital loss of $500 arising from the sale of a 1 points Save Ar He acquired the shares on 5/05/1990. This is Eric's only CGT event for the year. He has a carry forward net capital loss of $500 arising from the sale of a
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For more precise and comprehensive information, it is advisable to speak with a tax expert or examine the pertinent tax rules and regulations in your tax professional location.
Eric has a $500 carryover net capital loss from an earlier CGT event. He can utilize this loss as a counterbalance to any future capital gains he might make. He cannot utilize his $500 carry forward net capital loss to offset any profits, though, because he has no capital gains for the current year.
According to the Australian Taxation Office, Eric is permitted to carry forward his net capital loss until it is fully used up. Tax professional, the maximum amount of the loss that may be written off in any one year is $3,000.
As a result, Eric may utilize his $500 net capital loss to offset any future capital gains, up to a maximum of $3,000 per year, and carry it forward to subsequent years.
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Eagle Tree Services reports the following amounts on December 31, 2024. In addition, the company reported the following cash flows. Required: 1. Prepare a balance sheet. 2. Prepare a statement of cash flows. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Prepare a balance sheet. Eagle Tree Services reports the following amounts on December 31, 2024. In addition, the company reported the following cash flows. Required: 1. Prepare a balance sheet. 2. Prepare a statement of cash flows. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Prepare a statement of cash flows. (Cash outflows and decreases in cash should be indicated by a minus sign.) Below are several transactions for Harington Corporation. A junior accountant, recently employed by the company, proposes to rec the following transactions. Required: 1. Assess whether the proposed entries are correct or incorrect. 2. Provide a correct entry for each of the transactions classified as incorrect.
The company borrowed $ 20,000 from a bank by signing a note payable. The accountant's proposed entry is:Cash20,000Note payable20,000Proposed entry: Correct 5. Harington Corporation paid $ 1,500 to settle an account payable that was due this year. The accountant's proposed entry is:Accounts payable1,500Cash1,500Proposed entry: Correct
Balance Sheet for Eagle Tree Services on December 31, 2024 is as follows: Eagle Tree ServicesBalance SheetDecember 31, 2024AssetsCash$ 240,000Accounts receivable($ 2,000 less allowance for doubtful accounts $ 5,000)40,000Inventory25,000Property, plant, and equipment($ 85,000 less accumulated depreciation of $ 20,000)65,000Total Assets$ 370,000LiabilitiesAccounts payable$ 30,000Bonds payable60,000Total liabilities90,000Stockholders' EquityCommon stock100,000Retained earnings180,000Total stockholders' equity280,000Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$ 370,000Statement of Cash Flows for Eagle Tree Services is as follows:Eagle Tree ServicesStatement of Cash FlowsFor the year ended December 31, 2024Cash Flows from Operating ActivitiesNet income$ 50,000Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:Depreciation20,000Decrease in accounts receivable2,000Increase in inventory(5,000)Increase in accounts payable15,000Net cash provided by operating activities$ 82,000Cash Flows from Investing ActivitiesPurchase of property, plant, and equipment(60,000)Net cash used in investing activities(60,000)Cash Flows from Financing ActivitiesProceeds from issuance of bonds30,000Net cash provided by financing activities30,000Net increase in cash and cash equivalents52,000Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year188,000Cash and cash equivalents, end of year$ 240,000Therefore, the prepared balance sheet for Eagle Tree Services is represented by the table above. As a result, the prepared statement of cash flows for Eagle Tree Services is also represented by the table above.Transactions for Harington Corporation1. A three-year note receivable was collected on maturity today, including interest of $ 500. The accountant's proposed entry is:Cash15,000Notes receivable15,000Proposed entry: Correct 2. A piece of equipment was purchased for cash, $ 12,000. The accountant's proposed entry is:Equipment12,000Cash12,000Proposed entry: Correct 3. Harington Corporation received $ 5,000 from a customer for work to be completed in the future. The accountant's proposed entry is:Cash5,000Deferred revenue5,000Proposed entry: Incorrect Correct entry:Cash5,000Unearned revenue5,0004. The company borrowed $ 20,000 from a bank by signing a note payable. The accountant's proposed entry is:Cash20,000Note payable20,000Proposed entry: Correct 5. Harington Corporation paid $ 1,500 to settle an account payable that was due this year. The accountant's proposed entry is:Accounts payable1,500Cash1,500Proposed entry: Correct
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Aca 101 Cash 106 Accounts recevable Trucks Account Title 153 154 Accumulated depreciation-Trucks 183 Land 201 Accounts payable 209 Solares payable 236 301 302 403 611 022 640 677 Uneamed revenue B. Planta, Capital Planta, Withdrawals Plumbing revenue Depreciation expense Trucks Salaries expense Rent expense Miscelaneous expenses Totals Net income Totals PLANTA COMPANY Work Sheet Adjustad Trial Balance Credit Debil $9,000 41,952 40,500 30,000 16.616 $16.281 22.300 5,117 4517 70.996 Prev 88,000 5.427 41,164 13,376 8,624 $207,279 $207,279 Income Batement Debil $ 1 of 8 0 Credi 05 0 Balance Sheet and Statement of Owner's Equity Credit Desir 0$ Next > 0 05 0 01
A work sheet is a spreadsheet utilized to prepare accounting information and reports. The work sheet is frequently used as a draft for creating formal financial statements, and it also serves as a visual aid to ensure that all the accounts have been balanced.A work sheet is an excellent way to review the accuracy and completeness of the financial statements. It’s also beneficial for organizing data that needs to be input into a company’s financial accounting system.
The following data is given: Credit BalancesAdjustad Trial BalanceCreditDebit $9,00041,95240,50030,00016.616 $16.28122.3005,117451770.996 Previous $88,0005,42741,16413,3768,624$207,279$207,279 Balance Sheet and Statement of Owner’s EquityCredit Desir0$Total income for Planta Company for this accounting period is $16,281.00, according to the income statement. The account balance of trucks at the end of this accounting period is $30,000.00. The Plumbing revenue is $41,952.00. The plant's capital account balance is $88,000.00, while the accumulated depreciation-trucks account balance is $5,427.00. The accumulated depreciation-Trucks account balance is the amount subtracted from the value of the trucks at the end of this accounting period to determine their net worth. The net worth of the trucks at the end of this accounting period is $24,573.00.
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When Brandon was in high school he was awarded $5000 for an art project. He invested his money and it is now worth $7000. If he needs $40000 in 7 years to begin his own business, at 6% how much more annually must Brandon deposit to reach his goal?
Brandon would need to deposit approximately $5,433.92 more annually to reach his goal of $40,000 in 7 years, assuming an interest rate of 6%.
To determine how much more annually Brandon must deposit to reach his goal of $40,000 in 7 years, we can use the future value of an annuity formula. The formula is: FV = P * [(1 + r)^n - 1] / r, where: FV = Future value; P = Annual deposit; r = Interest rate per period; n = Number of periods. In this case, the future value (FV) is $40,000, the interest rate (r) is 6% per year, and the number of periods (n) is 7 years. We need to solve for the annual deposit (P).
Rearranging the formula, we have: P = FV * (r / [(1 + r)^n - 1]) = $40,000 * (0.06 / [(1 + 0.06)^7 - 1]) = $40,000 * (0.06 / [1.41851 - 1]) = $40,000 * (0.06 / 0.41851) ≈ $5,433.92. Therefore, Brandon would need to deposit approximately $5,433.92 more annually to reach his goal of $40,000 in 7 years, assuming an interest rate of 6%.
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Question 1
(a) Describe the differences between frictional and structural unemployment (b) Explain how the following events below affects the unemployment level:
(i) A reduction in unemployment benefits (ii) A shift in the structure of the economy as the Covid pandemic comes to an end (iii) An increase in preference for hiring workers on short-term contracts (iv) Increased use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the financial services and education industries
(a) Differences between frictional and structural unemployment: Frictional unemployment, Structural unemployment.
(b) Effects of the following events on unemployment: A reduction in unemployment benefits, A shift in the structure of the economy as the Covid pandemic comes to an end, An increase in preference for hiring workers on short-term contracts, Increased use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the financial services and education industries.
Frictional unemployment: Frictional unemployment is a type of unemployment that occurs due to temporary transitions and job search processes. It is often considered a natural part of a healthy labor market. Frictional unemployment can happen when individuals are in-between jobs, searching for new opportunities, or entering the workforce for the first time. It reflects the time and effort it takes for workers to find suitable employment that matches their skills and preferences.
Structural unemployment: Structural unemployment arises from long-term changes in the structure of an economy, such as technological advancements, shifts in consumer demand, or changes in the organization of industries. It occurs when there is a mismatch between the skills and qualifications of available workers and the requirements of available jobs. Structural unemployment is not easily resolved by short-term measures and may require retraining or relocation of workers to adapt to the changing labor market conditions.
(b) Effects of the following events on unemployment: A reduction in unemployment benefits, A shift in the structure of the economy as the Covid pandemic comes to an end, An increase in preference for hiring workers on short-term contracts, Increased use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the financial services and education industries.
(i) A reduction in unemployment benefits: A reduction in unemployment benefits may incentivize individuals to find employment more quickly, reducing the duration of unemployment for some individuals. It can create a sense of urgency and motivation to actively search for jobs and accept offers that may have been previously considered less desirable. As a result, it can potentially decrease the overall unemployment level.
(ii) A shift in the structure of the economy as the Covid pandemic comes to an end: As the Covid pandemic comes to an end, there may be a shift in the structure of the economy, leading to changes in the demand for certain industries and occupations. This shift can result in both frictional and structural unemployment. While some workers may experience temporary unemployment during the transition, others may face structural unemployment if their skills are no longer in demand. Realigning the workforce and providing opportunities for retraining and upskilling may be necessary to address these changes.
(iii) An increase in preference for hiring workers on short-term contracts: An increase in the preference for hiring workers on short-term contracts can lead to higher levels of frictional unemployment. This is because workers may experience more frequent job transitions as contracts expire, leading to periods of temporary unemployment between jobs. However, short-term contracts can also provide flexibility for both employers and employees and can be beneficial for certain industries and occupations.
(iv) Increased use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the financial services and education industries: The increased use of AI in the financial services and education industries can lead to both job creation and job displacement. While AI may automate certain tasks and eliminate some jobs, it can also create new job opportunities in areas related to AI development, implementation, and maintenance. The net effect on unemployment depends on the balance between job displacement and job creation. Workers who are displaced by AI may need to acquire new skills to remain employable in the evolving job market.
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Which of the following system are used to collect recyclable
from general stream
a. Buy Back centre
b. Drop off Centre
c. Curb side collection
d. All of the above
The correct answer is d) All of the above. These systems serve different purposes and cater to different situations and preferences.
Various systems are used to collect recyclables from the general stream, including buy-back centres, drop-off centers, and curbside collection. These systems serve different purposes and cater to different situations and preferences.
Buy-back centers are facilities where individuals can bring their recyclable materials and receive compensation in return. This system incentivizes recycling by providing financial incentives to individuals and encourages the collection of recyclables.
Drop-off centers are designated locations where individuals can bring their recyclable materials and deposit them in provided containers or bins. These centers are typically conveniently located and allow people to drop off their recyclables at their own convenience.
The curbside collection involves the collection of recyclable materials directly from households or businesses by waste management or recycling companies. Recycling bins or containers are provided to residents, who separate their recyclables and place them outside their homes for collection on specific pickup days.
By offering multiple options, including buy-back centers, drop-off centers, and curbside collection, a wider range of individuals can participate in recycling programs. This increases accessibility and convenience, ultimately promoting greater recycling rates and a more sustainable approach to waste management.
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Splish Company’s overhead rate was based on estimates of $202,800 for overhead costs and 20,280 direct labour hours. Splish’s standards allow 2 hours of direct labour per unit produced. Production in May was 920 units, and actual overhead incurred in May was $19,000. The overhead budgeted for 1,840 standard direct labour hours is $17,950 ($5,070 fixed and $12,880 variable).
(a) Calculate the total, budget, and volume variances for overhead.
Total overhead variance
$enter a dollar amount select an option Neither favourable nor unfavourableUnfavourableFavourable
Overhead budget variance
$enter a dollar amount select an option FavourableUnfavourableNeither favourable nor unfavourable
Overhead volume variance
$enter a dollar amount select an option UnfavourableFavourableNeither favourable nor unfavourable
To calculate the total, budget, and volume variances for overhead, we need to compare the actual overhead incurred with the budgeted overhead based on standard direct labor hours and the actual volume of production.
First, let's calculate the total overhead variance:
Total Overhead Variance = Actual Overhead - Budgeted Overhead
Total Overhead Variance = $19,000 - $17,950 = $1,050 (Unfavorable)
Next, let's calculate the overhead budget variance:
Overhead Budget Variance = Budgeted Overhead - (Standard Direct Labor Hours × Overhead Rate)
Overhead Budget Variance = $17,950 - (1,840 hours × $11 per hour) = $17,950 - $20,240 = -$2,290 (Favorable)
Finally, let's calculate the overhead volume variance:
Overhead Volume Variance = (Standard Direct Labor Hours × Overhead Rate) - Budgeted Overhead
Overhead Volume Variance = (1,840 hours × $11 per hour) - $17,950 = $20,240 - $17,950 = $2,290 (Unfavorable)
Therefore, the calculations for the variances are as follows:
Total Overhead Variance: $1,050 (Unfavorable)
Overhead Budget Variance: -$2,290 (Favorable)
Overhead Volume Variance: $2,290 (Unfavorable)
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An individual has $45,000 invested in a stock with a beta of 0.9 and another $80,000 invested in a stock with a beta of 1.5, If these are the only two investments in her portfolio, what is her portfolio beta? Selected Answer: Answers: a. 1.12 b. 0.90 c. 4.84 d. 1,20 (4) 1,28 a out of 1 points Question 9 Assume that the risk-free rate is 5.9 percent and the market risk premium is 5.8 percent. What is the expected retarm for the overali stock imarket? Selected Answer: Answers: a. 5.9% b. 0.1% c. 8.8% d. 11.7% e 5.8%
To calculate the portfolio beta, the individual's investments in two stocks with their respective betas need to be considered.
1. Calculation of portfolio beta:
To calculate the portfolio beta, the individual's investments need to be weighted by the proportion of their values in the total portfolio. In this case, the total portfolio value is $45,000 + $80,000 = $125,000.
The weight of the first stock is $45,000 / $125,000 = 0.36, and its beta is 0.9.
The weight of the second stock is $80,000 / $125,000 = 0.64, and its beta is 1.5.
To calculate the portfolio beta, the weighted average of the individual stock betas is computed as follows:
Portfolio beta = (Weight of stock 1 * Beta of stock 1) + (Weight of stock 2 * Beta of stock 2)
Portfolio beta = (0.36 * 0.9) + (0.64 * 1.5)
Portfolio beta = 0.324 + 0.96
Portfolio beta = 1.284 or approximately 1.28
2. Expected return for the overall stock market:
The expected return for the overall stock market can be determined using the risk-free rate and the market risk premium. In this case, the risk-free rate is given as 5.9% and the market risk premium is 5.8%.
The expected return for the overall stock market is calculated as follows:
Expected return = Risk-free rate + Market risk premium
Expected return = 5.9% + 5.8%
Expected return = 11.7%
Therefore, the correct answer is d. 11.7% for the expected return for the overall stock market, based on the given risk-free rate and market risk premium.
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Need to write a feasibility report please!
Assignment
Write your feasibility/recommendation report explaining whom you would hire. Using the template below.
Your company, Telecommunications R Us (TRU), has expercent increase in business, a 37 percent increase in warehoused stock, and a 23 percent increase in employees. You need more room. Your executive officer, Polina Gertsberg, has asked you to research existing options. To do so, you know you must consider these criteria:rienced a 45 pe
Ample space for further expansion. Gertsberg says TRU could experience 150 percent growth. You need to consider room for parking, warehouse space, additional offices, and a cafeteria—approximately 20,000 square feet total.
Cost. Twenty million dollars should be the top figure, with a preferred payback of five years at 10 percent.
Location. Most of your employees and customers live within 15 miles of your current location. This has worked well for deliveries and employee satisfaction. A new location within this 15-mile radius is preferred.
Aesthetics. A beautiful site could improve employee morale and increase productivity.
After research, you’ve found three possible sites. Based on the following information and on the criteria for feasibility/recommendation reports discussed in this chapter, write your report recommending a new office site.
Site 1 (11717 Grandview). This four-story site, located 12 miles from your current site, offers three floors of finished space equaling 18,000 square feet. The fourth floor is an unfinished shell equaling an additional 3,000 square feet. As is, the building will sell for $19 million. If the current owner finishes the fourth floor, the addition would cost $4 million more. For the building as is, the owner asks for payment in five years at 12 percent interest. If the fourth floor is finished by the owner, payment is requested in seven years at 10 percent. The building has ample parking space but no cafeteria, although a building next door has available food services. Site 1 is nestled in a beautifully wooded area with hiking trails and picnic facilities.
Site 2 (808 W. Blue Valley). This one-story building offers 21,000 square feet that includes 100 existing offices, a warehouse capable of holding 80 storage bins that measure 20 feet tall × 60 yards long × 8 feet wide, and a full-service cafeteria. Because the complex is one story, it takes up 90 percent of the lot, leaving only 10 percent for parking. Additional parking is located across an eight-lane highway that can be crossed via a footbridge. The building, located 18 miles from your current site, has an asking price of $22 million at 3.75 percent interest for five years. Site 2 has a cornfield to its east, the highway to its west, a small lake to its north where flocks of geese nest, and a strip mall to its south.
Site 3 (1202 Red Bridge Avenue). This site is 27 miles from your current location. It has three stories offering 23,000 square feet, a large warehouse with four-bay loading dock, and a cafeteria with ample seating and vending machines for food and drink. Because this site is located near a heavily industrialized area, the asking price is $15 million at 3.5 percent interest for five years.
Telecommunications R Us (TRU) has experienced a 45 percent increase in business, a 37 percent increase in warehoused stock, and a 23 percent increase in employees. The company needs to consider the criteria of cost, location, aesthetics, and space for further expansion.
Telecommunications R Us (TRU) has already experienced a 45 percent increase in business, a 37 percent increase in warehoused stock, and a 23 percent increase in employees. As a result, more space is required. The company executive officer, Polina Gertsberg, asked to research the existing options that should consider the criteria of cost, location, aesthetics, and space for further expansion. The company needs ample space for further expansion that could accommodate parking, warehouse space, additional offices, and a cafeteria, totaling about 20,000 square feet. The top cost should be around twenty million dollars, with a preferred payback of five years at 10 percent. TRU’s employees and customers live mostly within 15 miles of the company’s current location; therefore, a new location within this 15-mile radius is preferred. The new location must be aesthetically appealing as it would improve employee morale and productivity.
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many companies have broadened their buying objectives to include an emphasis on
Many companies have broadened their buying objectives to include an emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility.
In recent years, there has been a shift in the buying objectives of many companies, with a growing emphasis on sustainability and social responsibility. Traditionally, companies focused primarily on factors such as price, quality, and delivery when making purchasing decisions. However, with increasing awareness of environmental issues, social impacts, and ethical considerations, companies are now integrating sustainability and social responsibility into their buying objectives.
By broadening their buying objectives to include sustainability, companies aim to reduce their environmental footprint, promote financial reporting resource conservation, and support eco-friendly practices throughout the supply chain. This may involve sourcing materials and products from suppliers who prioritize sustainable practices, implementing green initiatives in their own operations, and seeking products that are recyclable or made from renewable resources.
Similarly, companies are placing greater importance on social responsibility in their buying decisions. They consider factors such as fair labor practices, supplier diversity, ethical sourcing, and community engagement. Companies may seek suppliers who demonstrate a commitment to human rights, worker safety, and fair wages. They may also prioritize working with local businesses or minority-owned enterprises to support economic development and inclusion.
In summary, many companies recognize the importance of sustainability and social responsibility and have expanded their buying objectives to include these considerations. By integrating these factors into their purchasing decisions, companies can align their values with their procurement practices and contribute to a more sustainable and socially responsible business ecosystem.
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A steam generation system at a biomass fueled power plant uses an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to clean its gaseous effluents. The power plant has consistently made use of the same type of ESP over past several years. The installed cost of a new ESP has been relatively constant at $80,000. Records of operation and maintenance expenses indicate the following averag expenses per year as a function of the age of the ESP The MVs of the ESP are also reasonably well known as a function of age. Year 4 O&M expense S30,000 $30,000 S35,000 $40,000 S45,000 Market value 60,000 50,000 40.000 25,000 12,500 Determine the best time to replace the ESP if the MARR is l 5% per year. (95)
To determine the best time to replace the ESP (Electrostatic Precipitator), we need to consider the present value of the operation and maintenance expenses (O&M) and the market value (MV) of the ESP at different ages.
We'll calculate the present value of each cost component and compare them to find the optimal replacement time.
Given data:
- Initial cost of a new ESP: $80,000
- O&M expenses:
- Year 4: $30,000
- Year 5: $35,000
- Year 6: $40,000
- Year 7: $45,000
- Market values (MV):
- Year 4: $60,000
- Year 5: $50,000
- Year 6: $40,000
- Year 7: $25,000
- Year 8: $12,500
- MARR (Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return): 15% per year
To calculate the present value of each cost component, we'll discount them back to the present using the MARR. The present value (PV) of an amount A received after n years at a discount rate r is given by the formula:
PV = A / (1 + r)^n
Let's calculate the present values of O&M expenses and market values for each year:
Year 4:
PV(O&M expense) = $30,000 / (1 + 0.15)^4 = $19,218.75
PV(MV) = $60,000 / (1 + 0.15)^4 = $38,437.50
Year 5:
PV(O&M expense) = $35,000 / (1 + 0.15)^5 = $19,293.04
PV(MV) = $50,000 / (1 + 0.15)^5 = $24,797.39
Year 6:
PV(O&M expense) = $40,000 / (1 + 0.15)^6 = $19,000.23
PV(MV) = $40,000 / (1 + 0.15)^6 = $15,733.76
Year 7:
PV(O&M expense) = $45,000 / (1 + 0.15)^7 = $18,757.50
PV(MV) = $25,000 / (1 + 0.15)^7 = $10,053.23
Year 8:
PV(MV) = $12,500 / (1 + 0.15)^8 = $5,046.62
Now, let's calculate the net present value (NPV) for each replacement year. The NPV is the sum of the present values of the O&M expenses and the negative present value of the initial cost:
NPV = PV(O&M expense) + PV(MV) - Initial cost
Year 4:
NPV = $19,218.75 + $38,437.50 - $80,000 = -$22,343.75
Year 5:
NPV = $19,293.04 + $24,797.39 - $80,000 = -$35,909.57
Year 6:
NPV = $19,000.23 + $15,733.76 - $80,000 = -$45,266.01
Year 7:
NPV = $18,757.50 + $10,053.23 - $80,000 = -$51,189.27
Year 8:
NPV = $0 + $5,046.62 - $80,
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Annual dividends of Generic Electrical grew from $0.80 in 2012 to $1.17 in 2017. What was the annual growth rate? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Answer is complete but not entirely correct.
Rounding to two decimal places, the annual growth rate is approximately 10.45%. The correct answer for the annual growth rate is 10.45%.
To calculate the annual growth rate, we can use the formula:
Annual Growth Rate = ((Ending Value / Beginning Value)^(1 / Number of Years)) - 1
In this case, the beginning value is $0.80 in 2012, and the ending value is $1.17 in 2017. The number of years is 2017 - 2012 = 5.
Let's calculate the annual growth rate:
Annual Growth Rate = (($1.17 / $0.80)^(1 / 5)) - 1
Annual Growth Rate = (1.4625^(1 / 5)) - 1
Annual Growth Rate = 0.1045
Rounding to two decimal places, the annual growth rate is approximately 10.45%.
Therefore, the correct answer for the annual growth rate is 10.45%.
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Transcribed image text: What are the principal differences between the way fermented beverages and distilled beverages are produced? Why are these differences important to restaurant managers?
The principal differences between the production of fermented beverages and distilled beverages lie in the process and ingredients used. Fermented beverages are produced through the natural fermentation of sugars in fruits, grains, or other ingredients by yeast or bacteria. This fermentation process converts sugars into alcohol and results in beverages like beer, wine, or cider. Distilled beverages, on the other hand, undergo an additional step called distillation after fermentation. Distillation involves heating the fermented liquid to separate alcohol from other compounds and then collecting the concentrated alcohol vapor, which is later condensed into spirits such as whiskey, vodka, or rum.
These differences are important to restaurant managers for several reasons. Firstly, understanding the production processes helps managers select and curate a diverse beverage menu. They can offer a range of fermented beverages like craft beers or fine wines, which cater to customers who appreciate the unique flavors and characteristics of these products. Additionally, by offering a selection of distilled beverages, managers can cater to customers who prefer spirits and cocktails.
Moreover, these differences impact inventory management and pricing strategies. Fermented beverages have shorter production cycles and lower production costs compared to distilled beverages, which require aging and additional production steps. Restaurant managers need to consider the shelf life, storage conditions, and cost implications when managing their inventory and pricing strategies for both types of beverages.
Furthermore, the knowledge of production differences allows managers to educate their staff and provide accurate descriptions and recommendations to customers. They can train their team to understand the characteristics, flavors, and serving suggestions of different fermented and distilled beverages, enhancing the overall dining experience for their patrons.
The principal differences between the production of fermented and distilled beverages lie in the process and ingredients used. These differences are important to restaurant managers as they influence menu selection, inventory management, pricing strategies, and customer satisfaction. By understanding and incorporating both types of beverages into their offerings, managers can cater to a diverse range of customer preferences and enhance the overall dining experience.
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A Chevrolet Sonic Hatchback costs $14,085.00. With a 13% down payment, you can have an amortized loan for 7 years at a rate of 4%.
What will the monthly payment be?
How much will the car cost, in total?
How much money will be paid in interest?
The monthly payment for the Chevrolet Sonic Hatchback will be approximately $176.99. The total cost of the car, including interest, will be approximately $20,647.64. The amount paid in interest will be approximately $6,562.64.
To calculate the monthly payment for an amortized loan, we can use the formula:
P = (r * A) / (1 - (1 + r)^(-n))
Where P is the monthly payment, r is the monthly interest rate, A is the loan amount, and n is the total number of payments.
In this case, the loan amount is the total cost of the car minus the down payment. The loan amount is $14,085.00 - (0.13 * $14,085.00) = $12,250.95.
The monthly interest rate is 4% / 12 = 0.00333.
The total number of payments is 7 years * 12 months = 84.
Plugging these values into the formula, we get:
P = (0.00333 * $12,250.95) / (1 - (1 + 0.00333)^(-84)) = $176.99 (approximately).
To calculate the total cost of the car, we multiply the monthly payment by the total number of payments:
Total cost = $176.99 * 84 = $14,872.16.
Adding the down payment of $14,085.00, the total cost of the car is approximately $20,647.64.
The amount paid in interest is the total cost of the car minus the loan amount:
Interest = $20,647.64 - $12,250.95 = $6,562.69.
Therefore, the amount paid in interest is approximately $6,562.64.
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Conflict of interest arises if a director could benefit personally from a situation involving the company or from a decision taken by the board. Therefore, every director has a fiduciary duty to recognize and disclose any conflict of interest they perceive.
Discuss FOUR (4) major facets of a director's fiduciary duties.
A director's fiduciary duties encompass several major facets that guide their responsibilities and obligations towards the company and its shareholders.
Here are four key aspects of a director's fiduciary duties:Duty of Loyalty: The duty of loyalty is one of the fundamental fiduciary duties of a director. It requires directors to act in the best interests of the company, putting its interests ahead of their own personal interests or the interests of any other entity. Directors must avoid any conflicts of interest that could compromise their ability to make impartial decisions or benefit from their position to the detriment of the company. Duty of Care: The duty of care mandates that directors exercise reasonable care, skill, and diligence in performing their duties.
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Thousand Bettany's Corp. net income have grown from Php3.00 per share to Php5.00 per share over a 10-year time period. Determine the compound annual growth rate.
Thousand Bettany's Corp. has achieved a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 8.36% over the 10-year period, based on the increase in net income from Php3.00 to Php5.00 per share.
To determine the compound annual growth rate (CAGR), we can use the formula:
CAGR = (Ending Value / Beginning Value) ^ (1 / Number of Years) - 1
In this case, the beginning value is Php3.00 per share, and the ending value is Php5.00 per share. The number of years is 10.
CAGR = (5.00 / 3.00) ^ (1 / 10) - 1
CAGR ≈ 0.0836 or 8.36%
Therefore, Thousand Bettany's Corp. achieved a compound annual growth rate of approximately 8.36% over the 10-year time period.
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During the year, Cost of Goods Sold was $65800, Inventory decreased by $4500, and Accounts Payable decreased by $2500. What were the cash payments for merchandise during the year? $63800
$72800
$65800
$68300
the cash payments for merchandise during the year were $72,800.
To determine the cash payments for merchandise during the year, we can use the formula:
Cash Payments for Merchandise = Cost of Goods Sold + Increase in Accounts Payable - Decrease in Inventory
Given the information provided:
Cost of Goods Sold = $65,800
Inventory Decrease = $4,500 (negative decrease)
Accounts Payable Decrease = $2,500 (negative decrease)
Using the formula, we can calculate:
Cash Payments for Merchandise = $65,800 + (-$2,500) - (-$4,500) = $65,800 + $2,500 + $4,500 = $72,800
Therefore, the cash payments for merchandise during the year were $72,800.
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the cash payments for merchandise during the year were $72,800.
To determine the cash payments for merchandise during the year, we can use the formula:
Cash Payments for Merchandise = Cost of Goods Sold + Increase in Accounts Payable - Decrease in Inventory
Given the information provided:
Cost of Goods Sold = $65,800
Inventory Decrease = $4,500 (negative decrease)
Accounts Payable Decrease = $2,500 (negative decrease)
Using the formula, we can calculate:
Cash Payments for Merchandise = $65,800 + (-$2,500) - (-$4,500) = $65,800 + $2,500 + $4,500 = $72,800
Therefore, the cash payments for merchandise during the year were $72,800.
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Please answer the following questions. Be sure to cite
your sources, even if you only use the textbook.
1. What is the difference between offshoring and
outsourcing?
2. The population is aging because of declining birth
rates, declining death rates, and the aging of the
Baby Boomer generation. What might some of the
implications of this demographic trend be for (a) a
pharmaceutical company and (b) the home
construction industry?
3. What are the main differences between
programmed decision making and nonprogrammed
decision making?
4. What is organizational learning, and how can
managers promote it?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
group decision making?
6. Share an example of a programmed decision that
you've made in the past week and a non-
programmed decision you've made in the past
week. What were the thought processes or
automations that led to those decisions?
7. What can a manager do to elicit your creativity at work
The main difference between offshoring and outsourcing is the location of the external resource.
1. Offshoring refers to the relocation of a business process or service to a different country, typically for cost-saving purposes. Outsourcing, on the other hand, involves contracting out a business function to a third-party provider, regardless of the location.
2. The implications of the aging population for a pharmaceutical company may include increased demand for healthcare products and services related to age-related conditions, such as medications for chronic diseases. For the home construction industry, there might be a greater need for age-friendly housing modifications, such as ramps and grab bars, to accommodate the aging population.
3. Programmed decision-making involves making decisions based on pre-established rules, procedures, or guidelines. Nonprogrammed decision-making, on the other hand, deals with unique, complex situations where there are no established rules or procedures.
4. Organizational learning is the process of acquiring and applying knowledge within an organization to improve performance and adapt to changes. Managers can promote organizational learning by encouraging open communication, fostering a culture of continuous improvement, providing training and development opportunities, and encouraging collaboration and knowledge sharing among employees.
5. The advantages of group decision-making include increased diversity of perspectives, enhanced creativity, better problem-solving, and higher acceptance of decisions due to participation. However, disadvantages can include longer decision-making processes, the potential for conflicts or power struggles, and the risk of groupthink, where critical thinking may be suppressed.
6. An example of a programmed decision could be following a recipe to cook a meal, as it involves following a set of instructions. A non-programmed decision might be deciding which restaurant to go to for dinner, as it requires evaluating different options based on personal preferences and experiences.
7. To elicit creativity at work, a manager can provide a supportive and stimulating work environment, encourage employees to explore new ideas and take calculated risks, foster a culture that values innovation, provide opportunities for brainstorming and collaboration, and recognize and reward creative contributions.
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Kellogg Company (K) has outstanding bonds with effective maturity of 11 years, annual coupon rate of 7.45%, yield to maturity of 5.3%, and par value of $1,000. If you expect to buy the bond today and sell it in one year for $1,150, what is your total expected rate of return on this investment?
Kellogg Company (K) has outstanding bonds with the following details:Effective maturity = 11 years Coupon rate = 7.45%Yield to maturity = 5.3%Par value = $1,000 Expected selling price = $1,150 To calculate the total expected rate of return on the bond investment, we can use the formula.
To calculate the total expected rate of return on the bond investment, we first need to calculate the annual coupon amount and the market value of the bond today. We are given the coupon rate, yield to maturity, and par value of the bond, which can be used to calculate the annual coupon amount as $74.50 ($1,000 x 7.45%). We are also given the yield to maturity, effective maturity, and expected selling price of the bond, which can be used to calculate the market value of the bond today using the present value formula.
The market value of the bond today is calculated as $1,084.28. Therefore, the initial investment required to buy the bond today is $1,084.28. After holding the bond for one year, we can sell it for the expected selling price of $1,150. In addition to this, we will receive a total of $74.50 as coupon payments during the year.Using these values, we can calculate the total expected rate of return using the formula. Substituting the calculated values in the formula, we get the total expected rate of return as 12.1%.
Thus, the total expected rate of return on the bond investment is 12.1%.
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Suppose the market demand curve for a good produced by a monopolist is characterized by the following equation: P=aQ
b
where a>0 and b<0 A. Use calculus to derive a general expression for the price elasticity of demand. B. Calculate the price elasticity of demand at a price of P=$4 and at a price of P=$8. C. Graph the demand function if a=200 and b=−2; if a=400 and b=−2; and if a=200 and b=−4.
The price elasticity of demand can be derived by differentiating the demand equation with respect to price and multiplying by P/Q. The specific value of the price elasticity of demand can be calculated by substituting the given price into the derived expression.
A. To derive a general expression for the price elasticity of demand, we need to differentiate the demand equation with respect to price (P) and multiply it by P/Q (where Q is the quantity demanded).
The given demand equation is [tex]P = aQ^b.[/tex]
Differentiating both sides with respect to P gives us:
[tex]dP/dQ = abQ^(b-1)[/tex]
Multiplying by P/Q, we have:
[tex](P/Q)(dP/dQ) = abQ^(b-1) * (P/Q)[/tex]
Simplifying, we get:
[tex]E = (P/Q)(dP/dQ) = abQ^(b-1) * (P/Q)[/tex]
[tex]E = abQ^(b-2) * P[/tex]
Thus, the general expression for the price elasticity of demand is[tex]E = abQ^(b-2) * P.[/tex]
B. To calculate the price elasticity of demand at P=4 and P=8, we can substitute the given prices into the expression for E:
[tex]E = abQ^(b-2) * P[/tex]
For P=4:
[tex]E = abQ^(b-2) * 4[/tex]
For P=8:
[tex]E = abQ^(b-2) * 8[/tex]
C. To graph the demand function, we can substitute the given values of a and b into the equation P = aQ^b.
If a=200 and b=-2:
[tex]P = 200Q^(-2)[/tex]
If a=400 and b=-2:
[tex]P = 400Q^(-2)[/tex]
If a=200 and b=-4:
[tex]P = 200Q^(-4)[/tex]
These equations can be graphed to represent the demand functions. Remember that the graph will have a negative slope, as b<0, indicating an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.[tex]P = aQ^b.[/tex]
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Explain the concept of liquidity.
Rank the following assets from most liquid to least liquid:
a. Land
b. The inventory of a merchandiser
c. Cash in hand
d. A savings account at a local bank
e. A one-year bond
f. Ordinary shares
The concept of liquidity is important for investors to understand because it affects the value and risk of different types of assets. Highly liquid assets like cash are less risky but offer lower returns, while less liquid assets like bonds and shares can offer higher returns but are riskier to hold onto.
Liquidity refers to the ease with which an asset or security can be converted into cash without impacting the market price of the underlying asset. Cash in hand, one-year bonds, and ordinary shares all have different levels of liquidity, which affects their value and attractiveness to investors. Below is an explanation of each term and its relationship to liquidity:
a) Cash in hand: Cash is the most liquid asset as it can be used to purchase anything. Cash is easily accessible and can be used immediately. Because it is readily available, it is highly liquid, and the value of cash does not change, making it less risky to hold onto.
b) One-year bond: Bonds are securities issued by companies or governments to raise money. A one-year bond is a bond that matures in one year. The value of a bond depends on market interest rates and the creditworthiness of the issuer. Because the bond has a maturity date, it is less liquid than cash, and the market price can fluctuate based on changes in interest rates or the creditworthiness of the issuer.
c) Ordinary shares: Ordinary shares represent ownership in a company, and the value of the shares is based on the market value of the company's assets, liabilities, and earnings. The liquidity of ordinary shares depends on the trading volume of the shares. If there are a lot of buyers and sellers in the market, the shares are considered liquid because they can be bought or sold without significantly impacting the market price. However, if there are few buyers and sellers, the shares are less liquid, and selling them may require a discount from the market price.
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Answer all three parts using the dropdown menus: On January 1,2021, Star Software issues $400,000 of 10 year, 6% bonds. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31. Star receives proceeds of $431,000 (the market rate for the bonds was 5%. (a) what is the amount of the liability that will be recorded on the date the bonds are issued (Jan 1 , 2021)? (b) what is the decrease in cash that will occur when interest is paid on June 30,2021 ? (c) what is the amount of interest expense (and the decrease in retained earnings) that will occur on June 30,2021 ?
The amount of the liability that will be recorded on January 1, 2021, is equal to the issue price of the bonds, which is $400,000.(a) The amount of the liability that will be recorded on the date the bonds are issued (Jan 1, 2021) is $400,000.
On January 1, 2021, Star Software issued $400,000 of 10-year, 6% bonds. Interest is paid semiannually on June 30 and December 31. Star receives proceeds of $431,000 (the market rate for the bonds was 5%).The amount of the liability that will be recorded on the date the bonds are issued (Jan 1, 2021) is $400,000.
(b) The decrease in cash that will occur when interest is paid on June 30, 2021, is $12,000. Interest is paid semiannually, and the bond interest expense is 6% of $400,000 or $24,000 per year, which is $12,000 per six-month period.
(c) The amount of interest expense (and the decrease in retained earnings) that will occur on June 30, 2021, is $12,000. Semiannual interest expense of $24,000 is divided equally between the June 30 and December 31 interest payments, resulting in interest expense of $12,000 for the June 30 interest payment.
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Required information [he following information applies to the questions displayed below] On December 1, Jasmin Ernst organized Ernst Consulting. On December 3, the owner contributed $82,780 in assets in exchange for its common stock to launch the business. On December 31 , the company's records show the following items and amounts. Sing the above information prepare a December statement of retained eamings for Emst Consulting. Hint. Retained Earnings on ecember 1 was $0
To prepare a December statement of retained earnings for Ernst Consulting, we need to consider the information given.
On December 1, the Retained Earnings was $0 since the business was just starting.
On December 3, the owner contributed $82,780 in assets in exchange for common stock.
Now, let's calculate the net income for December using the given information. Since no income or expense information is provided, we will assume that the net income for December is $0.
To calculate the December Retained Earnings, we can use the formula:
Retained Earnings (end of period) = Retained Earnings (beginning of period) + Net Income - Dividends
Since the beginning Retained Earnings is $0 and we assumed the net income for December is $0, and there is no information given about dividends, the Retained Earnings (end of period) would also be $0.
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Hector and Suzanne are staff accountants at the same firm. Hector is new and struggles with some of his new duties. Suzanne often helps him learn his new tasks. Suzanne is experienced, has worked at the firm for years, and loves her job. She is well-liked and receives a lot of support from her coworkers. According to leadership substitutes theory, Hector will require less________leadership and Suzanne will require less________leadership
O shared, task-oriented
O people-oriented, task-oriented
O task-oriented, substitute,
O task-oriented, people oriented
According to leadership substitutes theory, Hector will require less task-oriented leadership and Suzanne will require less people-oriented leadership.
Leadership substitutes theory suggests that certain factors within a work environment can replace or substitute the need for traditional leadership. These factors can be task-related or people-related. In the case of Hector, who is new and struggling with his duties, Suzanne plays a crucial role in helping him learn and navigate his tasks. Suzanne's experience, knowledge, and willingness to assist make her a valuable resource for Hector. As a result, Hector relies on Suzanne's guidance and support, reducing the need for task-oriented leadership from formal leaders within the firm.
On the other hand, Suzanne is described as an experienced staff accountant who loves her job, is well-liked, and receives a lot of support from her coworkers. Her competence, enthusiasm, and positive relationships with colleagues act as substitutes for formal people-oriented leadership. The strong support she receives from her coworkers indicates that they are willing to provide assistance and collaborate with her, creating an environment where the need for people-oriented leadership is minimized.
In summary, Hector requires less task-oriented leadership because Suzanne serves as a substitute by helping him with his new duties. Suzanne, being experienced, well-liked, and supported by her coworkers, requires less people-oriented leadership as her positive relationships and competence act as substitutes.
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