In the given reaction, Cl₂ is an oxidizing agent, and Rb is a reducing agent.
2Rb + Cl₂(g) → 2RbCl
Here, Cl₂ is an oxidizing agent.
Rb is a reducing agent.
The oxidizing agent is a substance that causes oxidation by accepting electrons; therefore, its oxidation state decreases.
The reducing agent is a substance that causes reduction by losing electrons; therefore its oxidation state increases.
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the posterior segment of the eyeball is filled with a gel-like substance, called the aqueous humor. group of answer choices true false\
The fluid that fills the gap between your eye's lens and retina is called vitreous humour (sometimes).
What part of the eye is filled with vitreous humor?The eye is shaped like a round ball with a small bulge in the front.There are three main layers in the eye. These layers, which are flat against one another, combine to form the eyeball.The sclera, a hard, white, opaque membrane, covers the outside of the eyeball. The cornea, a clear, thin, dome-shaped tissue, is what causes the slight bulge in the sclera at the front of the eye.The choroid is in the middle layer. The colored portion of the eye known as the iris is located in front of the choroid. The pupil, a circular opening or hole in the center of the iris, is what gives the eye its visual field.The retina, which covers the rear two thirds of the eyeball, is the inner layer. The sensory retina, which contains nerve cells that process visual information and transmit it to the brain, and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is situated between the sensory retina and the eye wall, make up the retina.To Learn more about vitreous humour refer to:
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What happens during reduction quizlet?.
Reduction reactions cause the loss of oxygen, and the process is being used in a variety of ways. For example, the reduction reaction method is used to reduce ores.
Create electrochemical cells and convert ammonia into nitric acid to acquire metals. An instance of a chemical process in which reduction and oxidation take place simultaneously is known as a reduction-oxidation or redox reaction. In contrast to oxidized species, reduced species gains electrons. Oxygen is not required for an oxidation process.
The chemical element with the letters O and the atomic number 8 is called oxygen. It belongs to the periodic table's chalcogen group and is a very reactive nonmetal.
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The complete question is -
What happens during reduction reaction?
show how an enolate ion can add to a carbonyl group. draw all missing reactants and/or products in the appropriate boxes by placing atoms on the canvas and connecting them with bonds. add charges where needed. electron flow arrows should start on an atom or a bond and should end on an atom, bond, or location where a new bond should be created.
This is the nucleophile attack shown here is absolute the enolate ion attack carbonyl group.
a substance that reacts to create a new covalent bond by supplying two electrons (i.e. a Lewis base).
A base, or a Bronsted-Lowry base, is a nucleophile that shares an electron pair with a proton.
As a nucleophile in an SN2 reaction, the hydrogen ion. The target molecule's electrophilic carbon atom is the nucleophile's point of attack. The attraction of electrons to the oxygen atoms causes the electrophilic carbon atom to become relatively electron-deficient.
The carbonyl carbon thus becomes extremely vulnerable to a nucleophilic assault.
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in choosing a sample size for a study, we need to know the population standard deviation. which of the following could be used to estimate the population standard deviation? select all that apply.
It is a single value calculated from a sample to estimate a population when determining a sample size for a study.
Can sample mean be used to infer population mean?the number N divided by the total number of observations in the sample. The sample mean, ("mu") one of the two factors defining the normal distribution, is an estimation of the population mean (the other is , see below)
The population mean can be calculated in what way?The mean or average of all values within a population is known as the population mean. It is determined using the population's total values, represented by the sum of X divided by the total number of population values, represented by N.
This method of estimation is called the Lincoln Index.
P = (N1 x N2)/ R.
P = total size of population.
N1 = size of first sample (all marked)
N2 = size of second sample (recapture: some will be marked, some won't)
R = number of marked individuals recaptured in second sample
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The activation energy Ea for a particular reaction is 42.2 kJ/mol. How much faster is the reaction at 343 K than at 323 K? (R = 8.314 J/mol • K)
The reaction rate would be approximately 8.3 times faster than at 323K
By the Arrhenius Equation
Ea/R (1/T1 -1/T2) = ln(k1/k2) The equation can also be expressed in numerous ways, and they are all valid.
NOTE: R = 8.314 J/K-mol, thus we'll convert Ea to joules as well (42,200 J/mol) as it contains joules (J) as a unit.
Even if we don't know k1 or k2, all we need to do is calculate the ratio, which should reveal the speed of the reaction at the two different temperatures. Setting k1 = 1 at random, we can solve for k2 by setting T2 = 343K and T1 = 323K.
ln(1/k2) = -42,200/8.314 (1/323 - 1/343)
ln 1 - ln k2 = -5076 (0.003096 - 0.002915)
-ln k2 = -5076 (0.0001810) = -0.9188
k2 = 8.29
Therefore, at 343K, the reaction rate would be approximately 8.3 times faster than at 323K.
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Wht number hould be placed in front of fe to balance thi chemical equation? Fe302 2fe203
Fe2O3 must be added to the equation in front of Fe to make it balanced. 4 Fe + 3 O₂ → 2 Fe₂O₃
How is a chemical equation balanced?In order to make a chemical equation equal in both reactants and products, add coefficients where necessary in front of the symbols or formulations.
To help balance the equation, can you add a number before the compound?Multiply coefficients (the numbers in front of the formulas) by the formulas themselves to equalize the amount of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. The atoms that are easiest to balance are those of oxygen and hydrogen. After designating the states of matter for the reactants and products, review your work.
4 Fe + 3 O₂ → 2 Fe₂O₃
On the left side, there are 4 Fe atoms and 6 O atoms.
On the right side, there are 4 Fe atoms and 6 O atoms.
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an m peak has a relative intensity of 42%. an m 1 peak has a relative intensity of 6.5%. how many carbons are in the molecule?
5 carbons are in the molecule. Isotopes are atoms with a constant number of protons but a variable number of neutrons.
What factors affect an isotope's relative abundance?Isotopes are atoms with a constant number of protons but a variable number of neutrons. Atomic masses vary among isotopes.
The proportion of atoms with a particular atomic mass that can be found in a sample of an element that is found naturally is known as the relative abundance of an isotope.
Relative abundance chemistry issues should be solved using the formula below:
(M1)(x) + (M2)(1-x) = M (E)
Issue illustration Determine the relative abundance of the isotopes if the masses of two different nitrogen isotopes are 0.42 amu for carbon-0.42 and 0.065 amu forcarbon-0.065.
Equation x = 0.996 can be found using algebra.
0.42 * 0.996 + 0.065 *0.996 = 0.424794.
5 carbons are in the molecule.
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What is the electron configuration of a stable atom?.
Electronic configuration of a stable atom is composed of eight electrons in the valence shell of the atom.
Noble gases can be arranged in stable ways. Their valence shell has been finished. Their valence shell contains two or eight electrons. They don't acquire, shed, or distribute electrons. Other elements' atoms have a shaky electrical structure. They lack a full valence shell. By obtaining, shedding, or sharing electrons, they frequently achieve the stable configuration of the nearby inert gas.
The octet electronic configuration of noble gases is known as the noble gas configuration. The propensity of chemical elements to acquire stability forms the basis of all chemical reactions. Chemical bond formation frequently leads to an entire electronic configuration resembling a noble gas for some main group elements.
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available phosphorus levels are constrained in alkaline and salt-affected soils because of :
Iron and aluminum oxides limit the availability of phosphate in alkaline soils.
What is the Chemistry of Aluminium, Iron and Manganese Oxides in Acid Soils?Undoubtedly, the most reactive elements of acidic soils are the oxides of aluminum, iron, and manganese, especially the forms that are poorly crystallized and microcrystalline. The elements are first released into solution as cations due to the acidic weathering of soil minerals, and they are then reprecipitated either locally or after being translocated as highly reactive hydrous oxide species with a high specific surface area. Consideration of the variables that control their solubility forms a significant portion of this review because these precipitates are easily remobilized to produce unexpected flushes of the elements into the soil solution.Since aluminum only occurs in the trivalent form, only pH and complex formation have an impact on the solubility of aluminum oxides; however, iron and manganese may have multiple valency states at play, and redox potential must also be taken into account.
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Please explain how you would determine whether a particular molecular compound was polar if you were given the lewis structure.
The kind of bonds of the compounds and the structure of the compound determines its polarity.
What is a polar compound?We can tell that a compound is polar by looking at two main things. The first is the structure of the compound and the second is the kind of atoms that are found in the bond. We know that if the atoms that are bonded in the compound do have difefernt electronegativities then we know that the compound would be polar based on the bonds that are in the compound.
On the other hand we also know that if the compound is symmetrical, then the compound would not be polar because the dipoles in the compound would cancel out and then we can now be able to say that the compound would not be polar.
If on the other hand the compound is non symmetrical, then the dipoles would not cancel out and the compound would be found to be polar.
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Classify each of the following substances as a nonelectrolyte, weak electrolyte, or strong electrolyte in water: (a) H2SO3, (b) CH3CH2OH (ethanol), (c) NH3, (d) KClO3, (e) Cu1NO322
When dissolved in water, electrolytes have a natural positive or negative electrical charge.
What are the classification of electrolyte?Strong electrolytes are electrolytes that completely dissociate or ionize in their aqueous solution. These electrolytes have a high electrical conductivity and ionization extension.
KClO₃, Cu(NO₃)₂.
A weak electrolyte is a solution in which only a small percentage of the dissolved solute is present as ions. A double arrow in the equation depicting the ionization of a weak electrolyte indicates an equilibrium between the reactants and products.H₂SO₄ , NH₃.
A nonelectrolyte is a substance that does not conduct an electric current in aqueous solution or molten form. Many molecular compounds are nonelectrolytes, such as sugar or ethanol. These compounds do not produce ions when dissolved in water.CH₃CH₂OH .
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a 185.0 ml solution of 2.176 m strontium nitrate is mixed with 200.0 ml of a 2.791 m sodium fluoride solution. calculate the mass of the resulting strontium fluoride precipitate.
The mass of the resulting strontium fluoride precipitate is 2.27m.
What is mass?
mass is quantitative measure of inertia, a fundamental property of all matter.
Sr(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaF(aq) ==> SrF2(s) + 2NaNO3 ... balanced equation
moles Sr(NO3)2 = 0.180 L x 2.400 mol/L = 0.432 moles
moles NaF = 0.200 L x 3.088 mol/L = 0.6176 moles
NaF is LIMITING REACTANT b/c it takes 2 NaF per 1 Sr(NO3)2 and there isn't enough NaF.
mass of Sr(NO3)2 precipitate = 0.6176 mol NaF x 1 mol SrF2 / 2 mol NaF x 125.6 g SrF2/mol = 38.8 g
Final volume = 180 ml + 200 ml = 380 ml = 0.380 L
[F-] = 0 since all the F- is precipitated as SrF2
[Sr2+] = 0.432 mol - 0.309 mol = 0.123 mol/0.380 L = 0.324 M
[Na+] = 0.6176 moles / 0.380 L = 1.63 M
[NO3-] = 0.432 moles x 2 = 0.864 mol/0.380 L = 2.27 M
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The questions below will assess your knowledge of the management of poison. Choose whether the following statements on poison control are appropriate or inappropriate.
Ingestion of a toxic substance is the only way a poisoning can occur.
a. Appropriate
b. Inappropriate
It is inappropriate that Ingestion of a toxic substance is the only way a poisoning can occur.
A poison can be any substance that is harmful to the body. It can be swallowed, inhaled, injected or absorbed through the skin. Poisoning is the harmful effect that occurs when too much of that substance has been taken. Poisoning is not to be confused with envenomation.
Acute poisoning is exposure to a poison on one occasion or during a short period of time. Symptoms develop in close relation to the degree of exposure. Absorption of a poison is necessary for systemic poisoning (that is, in the blood throughout the body)
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identify the more polar bond in each of the following pairs of bonds: (a) hf or hcl (b) clh or nh (c) pcl or scl (d) no or co (e) so or po (f) sh or oh
All of the halves that of bonds, H-F, N-O, O-H, S-Cl, N-H, S-O, has a more polar bond.
What does polar bond mean?A polar covalent link is a type of chemical bond whereby the atoms are attracted to electrons in uneven amounts, resulting in unequal sharing. When two molecules form a polar covalent link, also known as a reversible reaction, the electron distribution surrounding the atom is no again symmetrical.
What exactly are polar and nonpolar bonds?When electrons are distributed between atoms unevenly, polar covalent bonds are formed, whereas nonpolar covalent bonds are formed when electron distribution is more even. The carbon objects sharing the electrons have different electronegativities, which is the cause of both the unbalanced sharing of electrons.
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which of the following supreme court decisions allows public school students to wear t-shirts protesting a school board decision that eliminates funding for high school arts programs? responses
The supreme court decision is: Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969).
The Importance of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District: How Freedom of Expression PrevailedThe landmark Supreme Court case of Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) was monumental in its decision to protect freedom of expression. This case involved several Iowa high school students, who were suspended from school for wearing armbands as a form of protest against the Vietnam War. The students took their case to court, arguing that their right to free expression was violated by the school district. The court ultimately sided with the students, ruling that “students do not shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate”.
This ruling was the first time that the Supreme Court had addressed the issue of student expression in public schools. The ruling established the precedent that students are protected by the First Amendment in public schools, and that school administrators must have a valid reason to restrict student speech. This ruling was also important in protecting the rights of students to express their opinions in a peaceful manner. In addition, the case highlighted the importance of individual expression and the power of students to challenge the status quo.
Complete question:Which of the following supreme court decisions allows public school students to wear t-shirts protesting a school board decision that eliminates funding for high school arts programs?
Engel v. Vitale (1962)Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)New York Times v. U.S. (1971)Learn more about the supreme court decisions:
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2so2 o2 2h2o -> 2h2so4 what is the percent yield of h2so4 if 100. g of so2 is completely consumed, producing 100. g of h2so4 ?
65.3% yield of H2SO4 if 100g of So2 is completely consumed producing 100 g of H2SO4.
we have to calculate the theoretical yield to calculate percentage yield. It is used go compare the yield of the product with what could have obtained with theory, if all the reactant converted into no loss. the expression for percentage yield is ,
%yield= (Actual yield / theoretical yield) . 100
Theoretical yield is calculated base don the stoichiometry of the chemical reaction and Actual yield is experimentally determined.
The balanced chemical reaction for this is,
2SO₂ + O₂ + 2H₂O → 2H₂SO₄
Molar mass is the mass of the sample of the compound divided by the amount of the substance .
Molar mass of SO₂ = 32 + (16 × 2) = 64 g/mole
Mass of SO₂ = 2 × 64 = 128 g
Molar mass of H₂SO₄ = (1 × 2) + 32 + (16 × 4) = 98 g/mole
Mass of H₂SO₄ = 2 × 98 = 196 g
128 g of SO₂ reacted to produce 196 g of H₂SO₄ .
100 g of SO₂ will react to produce = (100 × 196) / 128 = 153.125 g of H₂SO₄
Finally, we have to determine the percentage yield of H₂SO₄. We have the value of Actual yield of H₂SO₄ = 100 g . Theoretical yield of H₂SO₄ = 153.125 g .
Percentage yield = (Actual /Theoretical) × 100
Percentage yield of H₂SO₄ = (100 / 153.125) × 100
= 65.3%
So the percentage yield of H2SO4 is 65.3%
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consider the phosphorus tetrachloryl cation. what is the central atom? enter its chemical symbol. how many lone pairs are around the central atom? what is the ideal angle between the phosphorus-chlorine bonds? compared to the ideal angle, you would expect the actual angle between the phosphorus-chlorine bonds to be ...
Due to the absence of lone orbitals from the central metal ion in the ion, the observed bond angle is really close to the ideal value.
What is an atom?Each chemical substance differs from the others due to its atoms, which are tiny pieces of matter. An atom is made up of a core nucleus and one or more negative electrode in orbit. Protons and electrons, which are positively charged and fairly hefty, might assist in offsetting the nucleus.
How was the atom made?Atoms initially formed 2.8 trillion years after teh Big Bang. As the hot, dense new cosmos cooled, quarks or electrons might have formed. Quarks combined to produce protons and neutrons, which eventually culminated in the development of nuclei.
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What are the different types of reduction?.
The different types of reduction are : chemical reduction , Auto reduction, Electrolytic reduction.
The different types of reductions are :
chemical reductionauto reductionelectrolytic reductionChemical reduction : it involves the transfer of the electrons between the species in the chemical reaction.
auto reduction : the method of the metal extraction is called as the auto reduction.
electrolytic reduction : it occurs when the electric current passes through the ionic solution causing the electrode to react the chemically. The substance is in a molten state or in the dissolved state. The material then decomposes and the reduction is called as the electrolytic reduction.
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When preparing your taxes what can possibly help reduce the amount of taxes that you owe quizlet?.
When we preparing the taxes that can possibly help to reduce the amount of the taxes that yow owe is credits and deductions.
The tax credit is provide the dollar for the dollar reduction of the income. that means $200 tax credits will save the $200 in the taxes. tax deduction will lower the taxable income and this can be calculated by the percentage of the marginal bracket tax. the credits are of two types : refundable credit and non refundable credit . the deduction are of the two types : the standard deduction and the itemized deduction.
Thus, the credits and the deductions will reduce the amount of the tax that we owe.
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what are the factors that control the rate of chemical weathering and those that control the rate of physical weathering
Major factors of both weathering rates and weathering types are water and temperature.
What is weathering?Water is necessary for chemical weathering reactions to take place, and temperature affects both weathering rates and the types of weathering that take place. Ice wedging cannot occur without water. Chemical processes are accelerated by higher temperatures.A process known as weathering is when the countless rocks and minerals found on the earth's surface are significantly broken down into tiny fragments. Various elements, such as water, wind, ice, etc., speed up the weathering process.When substances like ice, rushing water, wind, rapid heating or cooling, or plant growth exerts force on rock, it breaks the rock physically or mechanically. Chemical weathering is a mechanism in which a substance dissolves a rock, resulting in the rock's fragments falling away.
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the odor of spoiled butter is due in part to butanoic acid, which results from the chemical breakdown of butter fat. a 0.100 m solution of butanoic acid is 1.23% ionized. 1st attempt see hint calculate the value of ka for butanoic acid.
The odor of spoiled butter is due in part to butanoic acid, which results from the chemical breakdown of butter fat. a 0.100 m solution of butanoic acid is 1.23% ionized. the value of ka for butanoic acid is 1.53 × 10⁻⁵.
the dissociation is given as :
HC₄H₇O₂ ----> C₄H₇O₂⁻ + H⁺
Initial concentration is = 0.100 M
HC₄H₇O₂ ----> C₄H₇O₂⁻ + H⁺
0.1 0 0
x x
eq. 0.1 - x x x
percent ionization = (H⁺ / HC₄H₇O₂ ) × 100
1.23 % =( H⁺ / 0.100 ) × 100
H⁺ = 0.00123 M
HC₄H₇O₂ = 0.1 - x
= 0.098 M
ka = [H⁺][C₄H₇O₂⁻ ] / [HC₄H₇O₂]
= (0.00123 ) (0.00123) / (0.098)
ka = 1.53 × 10⁻⁵
the value of ka for butanoic acid = 1.53 × 10⁻⁵.
Thus, The odor of spoiled butter is due in part to butanoic acid, which results from the chemical breakdown of butter fat. a 0.100 m solution of butanoic acid is 1.23% ionized. the value of ka for butanoic acid is 1.53 × 10⁻⁵.
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What is an example of Marxist theory?.
This means that if a worker produces 5 pounds worth of commodities each day and needs 1 pounds to eat, clothe, and house himself, the capitalist will make a profit of 4 pounds.
In simple terms, what is Marxism?Founded by Karl Marx, Marxism is a social, political, and economic theory. It analyzes how capitalism affects labor, productivity, and economic growth and makes the case for a worker revolution to depose capitalism and replace it with communism.
What ideologies do Marxists hold?Marxists hold that a person's entire existence, from their religious convictions to their legal and cultural frameworks, is impacted by their economic and social circumstances, particularly the class relations that result from them.
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How are polygenic traits measured?.
Polygenic risk scores are computed by summing the risk alleles associated with each person's chosen phenotype and weighting them according to the estimated effect size of the strongest GWAS.
Explain about the Polygenic traits?A trait is said to be polygenic if it is controlled by multiple genes rather than just one, and each of these genes will have a large number of alleles.
A trait influenced by two or more genes is referred to as a polygenic trait. Examples of such traits include height and skin tone. Polygenic traits do not inherit according to Mendelian principles since numerous genes are involved. The term "multifactorial" refers to features that are largely polygenic but also impacted by the environment.
Height, skin color, and eye color are three examples of human features that are polygenic. Many different genes control these features.
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Question 7 0.5 pts Select all of the following molecules that can be described as bent or angular molecules and none that have other shapes? H25 Bel2 SO2 O H20 CO2 PF3
H₂S, SO₂, H₂O are non-linear or bent or angular molecules, while CO₂, BeI₂ and PF₃ are none because they have other shapes.
H₂S is a angular molecule because of the presence of the lone pair of electrons on the Sulfur atom. The lone pair-lone pair repulsion bent the atom into V shape.
Similarly in the case of SO₂ and H₂O, the lone pair of electron present on the central atom, i.e. Sulfur and Oxygen respectively, repels the sides atom in such a manner that the whole molecule attains a V shaped angular geometry.
The molecules CO₂, BeI₂ and PF₃ have other shapes/geometries.
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why are only gases and aqueous included in the reaction quotient formula? answer in terms of molarity (mol/l).
The ideal gas law (PV = nRT), from which both of the gas equilibrium constants are derived, relates them to the equilibrium (K). As we've seen above, Kp = Kc (RT)n is a formula that can be derived from the Ideal Gas Law.
Why are gases included in equilibrium constant?The equilibrium constants for mixtures of gases are Kc and Kp. However, Kc is defined by molar concentrations, whereas Kp is defined by the partial pressures of the gases inside a closed system. This is the difference between the two constants. The concentrations of individual components, such as liquids and solids, are not included in the equilibrium constants, although they might have units depending on the type of reaction. Following are some simple instructions for writing gas equilibrium constants (the same applies for determining Kc, Kp, Ksp, Q, etc.):.Gas equilibrium constants are typically expressed as follows:
aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD
Kc=[C]c[D]d/[A]a[B]b
Kp=(C)c(D)d/(A)a(B)b
Thermochemical Decomposition of NH4SH, as an example
Think about how NH4SH(s) thermally breaks down:
NH4SH(s)⇌NH3(g)+H2S(g)
Associated with Ksp is also this
Kc=[NH3][H2S]/[NH4SH]
NH4SH is a solid, however, so we obtain:
Kc=[NH3][H2S]/[1]
Kc=[NH3][H2S]
Similar to Kc, Kp uses parentheses () rather than brackets (), as follows:
Kp=(NH3)(H2S)/(NH4SH)
Kp=(NH3)(H2S)/(1)
Kp=(NH3)(H2S).
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Calculate the volume of an ideal plug flow reactor for the following scenario. The volumetric flow rate is 6500 m3/day and Species A is being removed or converted according to a first-order reaction as follows: dCA/dt = -kCA, where CA is the concentration of Species A and k = 9000 d-1. A 95% removal or conversion of Species A is required.
The volume output of the flow reactor is 2.164 m³.
Since A is being removed or converted according to a first-order kinetics, the leftover A remained in the feeder is as follows:
A(t) = (100 - 95 A(O)) / 100
= 5A(O) / 100
= 0.05 A(O)
Time duration for the conversion is as follows:
t = {ln A(O) - ln 0.05 A(O)} / k
= {ln A(O) - ln 0.05 A(O)} / 9000 d⁻¹
= {ln 1 / 0.05} / 9000 d⁻¹
= 3.33 × 10⁻⁴
Now volume of flow reactor for the above scenario is as follows:
V = t × flow rate
⇒ V = 3.33 × 10⁻⁴ × 6500 m³ d⁻¹
⇒ V = 2.164 m³
Hence, the volume of ideal plug flow reactor is 2.164 m³.
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the central atom in the icl4- ion has nonbonded electron pair(s) and bonded electron pair(s) in its valence shell. question 9 options: a) 6, 0 b) 0, 4 c) 2, 4 d) 2, 2 e) 4, 2
The central atom in the icl4- ion has nonbonded electron pair(s) and bonded electron pair(s) in its valence shell is 2 and 4 respectively.
The central atom is generally the atom with the lowest subscript within the molecular system and the atom that may shape the maximum bonds. If all the atoms commonly shape an equally wide variety of bonds, the least electronegative atom is usually the critical atom.
A bonding electron is an electron concerned with chemical bonding. this could confer with: Chemical bond, a lasting appeal between atoms, ions, or molecules. A covalent bond or molecular bond is a sharing of electron pairs between atoms. A bonding molecular orbital is an attraction among the atomic orbitals of atoms in a molecule.
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Calculate the amount of heat needed to boil 111. g of octane (C2H18), beginning from a temperature of 25.1 °C. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol and the correct number of significant digits. 0x10 Х
The amount of heat required to boil 111 grams of octane is 24.76 Joules.
The mass of Octane (C₂H₁₈) that is to be heated and boil is 111 Grams. The initial temperature of octane is 25.1 degrees Celsius,
The boiling point of octane is 125.6 degrees Celsius.
The specific heat of octane is 2.22 J/kg-K.
Converting the temperatures into Kelvin, the initial temperature is 298.25 K and final temperature is 398.75 K.
The heat required is given by,
Q = MCΔT
Cis specific heat, M is mass, and ΔT is the change in temperature, putting values.
Q = 0.111 x 2.22 x 100.5
Q = 24.76 Joules.
So, the heat required is 24.76 Joules.
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To a 25.00-mL volumetric flask, a lab technician adds a 0.100 g sample of a weak monoprotic acid, HA, and dilutes to the mark with distilled water. The technician then titrates this weak acid solution with 0.0903 M KOH. She reaches the endpoint after adding 47.51 mL of the KOH solution. Determine the number of moles of the weak acid in the solution. Determine the molar mass of the weak acid. After the technician adds 15.99 mL of the KOH solution, the pH of the mixture is 5.29. Determine the pKa of the weak acid.
The pH of the mixture is 5.29. Determine the pKa of the weak acid is 5.58
A weak acid is an acid that partially dissociates into its ions in an aqueous solution or water. In assessment, a robust acid absolutely dissociates into its ions in water. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a vulnerable base, at the same time as the conjugate acid of a weak base is a susceptible acid.
47.51 ml of 0.0903 M KOH = 0.04751 L × 0.0903 mol/L
= 4.290 × 10 ⁻³ mole
∴ A number of the of weak acids = 4.29 × 10 ⁻³ mole
as one mole of KOH neutralizes the one-mole weak acid
∴ The molar mass of weak acid = mass/mole
= 0.100 g / 4.29 × 10⁻³
= 23.31 g/mol
15.99 ml of 0.0903 M KOH = 0.01599L × 0.0903 mol/L
= 1.44 × 10⁻³
Thus after addition of KOH
mole of salt = 1.44 × 10⁻³
A mole of acid = 4.29 × 10⁻³ - 1.44 × 10⁻³
mole of acid = 2.85 × 10⁻³
Henderson equation
pH = PKa + log(salt)/(acid)
5.29 = PKa + log (1.44 × 10⁻³)/(2.85 × 10⁻³)
5.29 = PKa + (-0.296)
PKa = 5.58
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What happens to h the height of the mercury column, if the atmospheric pressure increases?.
The height of the mercury column increases if we increase the atmospheric pressure.
Well, we know that 1 atmosphere pressure will support a column of mercury that is 760mmhg .
There will only be 50 tons of air above your head if you ascend to, say, half the height of the atmosphere. As a result, the pressure has increased to 50000 pascal while the force has decreased to 50000 N.
As you can see, pressure has dropped as you've climbed higher. Now the mercury in the barometer experiences the same thing. On the ground, it is pushed with a force of, let's say, x, but halfway through the atmosphere, it will be pushed with a force of, let's say, x/2, and as a result, the barometer will rise less.
And thus the mercury column, the mercury barometer, is an excellent means to monitor atmospheric pressure, or pressures lower than that of atmospheric pressure.
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