If a bond's yield to maturity does not change, the return on the bond each year will be equal to the yield to maturity.
The yield to maturity (YTM) of a bond represents the total return an investor can expect to earn if they hold the bond until maturity. If the YTM does not change, the return on the bond each year will be equal to the YTM.
For a premium bond, where the coupon rate is higher than the YTM, the return each year will be less than the YTM. In this case, the bond's coupon rate is 4.7% and the YTM is 3.7%. Therefore, the return on the bond each year will be 3.7%.
For a discount bond, where the coupon rate is lower than the YTM, the return each year will be more than the YTM. If the YTM is 3.7% and the coupon rate is 4.7%, the return on the bond each year will still be 3.7%.
The return on a bond each year will be equal to the yield to maturity if the YTM does not change. This applies to both premium and discount bonds.
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A company issues $10,000,000,7.8%,20-year bonds to yield 8% on January 1,2020 Interest is paid on June 30 and December 31 . The proceeds from the bonds are $9,802,072. Using effective-interest method, how much interest expense will be recognized in 2020 ? Select one: a. 784,166 b. $780.000 c. $784,249 d. $390,000
Using the effective-interest method, we calculate interest expense based on the carrying value of the bonds and the effective interest rate. The correct answer is not among the options provided. The closest answer is $390,000, but the accurate answer is $392,083. You can say that the correct option is d.
In this case, the bonds were issued at a discount, as the proceeds from the bonds ($9,802,072) were less than the face value ($10,000,000).
To calculate the interest expense, we need to determine the carrying value of the bonds on June 30, 2020, which is the end of the first interest period. The carrying value is calculated by subtracting any unamortized discount from the face value of the bonds.
The discount on the bonds is the difference between the proceeds from the bonds and the face value. In this case, the discount is $10,000,000 - $9,802,072 = $197,928.
The interest expense is then calculated as the carrying value of the bonds multiplied by the effective interest rate for the period. The effective interest rate is the yield rate of 8% divided by two, since interest is paid semiannually.
Carrying value on June 30, 2020 = Face value - Unamortized discount = $10,000,000 - $197,928 = $9,802,072.
Interest expense for the first interest period = Carrying value on June 30, 2020 * Effective interest rate = $9,802,072 * (8%/2) = $392,083. This will be recognized as interest expense in 2020.
Therefore, the correct answer is not among the options provided. The closest answer is $390,000, but the accurate answer is $392,083.
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Ben swims 50,000 yards per week in his practices. Given this amount of training, he will swim the 100 -yard butterfly in 43.6 seconds and place 8th in a big upcoming meet. Ben's coach calculates that if Ben increases his practice to 60,000 yards per week, his time will decrease to 37.7 seconds and he will place 5 th in the meet. If Ben practices 70,000 yards per week, his time will be 36.7 seconds and he will win the meet. In terms of Ben's time in the big meet, what is his marginal productivity of the number of yards he practices? The marginal product of increasing practice yards from 50,000 to 60,000 is second(s) (enter a numeric response using a real number rounded to one decimal place).
The marginal product of increasing practice yards from 50,000 to 60,000 is 5.9 seconds.
Marginal productivity is the incremental change in output resulting from the incremental change in one of the input factors. When it comes to sports, marginal productivity determines how much an athlete's training contributes to his or her success.
Ben, for example, swims 50,000 yards each week in his practices. His coach has calculated that if Ben increases his practice to 60,000 yards per week, his time in the 100-yard butterfly will decrease to 37.7 seconds, and he will place 5th in the big meet.
His coach has also calculated that if Ben practices 70,000 yards per week, his time will decrease to 36.7 seconds, and he will win the meet.
Ben's marginal productivity of the number of yards he practices is calculated as the additional decrease in time, or improvement in ranking, per additional 10,000 yards of practice.
Here's how we can calculate the marginal productivity of the number of yards Ben practices:
From 50,000 to 60,000 yards, there was a decrease in time from 43.6 to 37.7 seconds. Therefore, the marginal productivity of the number of yards he practices for that interval is calculated as follows:
Change in time / Change in yards = Marginal productivityMarginal productivity = (37.7 - 43.6) / (60,000 - 50,000)Marginal productivity = -5.9 / 10,000Marginal productivity = -0.00059
Therefore, the marginal product of increasing practice yards from 50,000 to 60,000 is 5.9 seconds.
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In 2018, Harvard Business Review published an Article by Chip Bergh, the CEO of Levi Strauss.
In this article the CEO discusses his plan to review the overall Strategy of Levi’s when he took over the office in 2011.
Answer the following questions:
Describe the existing situation that the Company faced that prompted Mr. Bergh to institute the revised Corporate Strategy.
Describe the new strategy and indicate the financial effect of this Strategy AS OF 2017
Chip Bergh, CEO of Levi Strauss, published an article in Harvard Business Review in 2018 discussing his plan to review the overall strategy of Levi’s after taking over the office in 2011. Describe the existing situation that the Company faced that prompted Mr Bergh to institute the revised Corporate Strategy.
Levi Strauss faced several issues before Mr Bergh came on board in 2011. The company's financial health was at risk, and the brand's clothing had lost its relevance. The brand's casual jeans were no longer in style, and the brand was lagging in the women's market. As a result, Bergh recognized the need for an updated business strategy. Describe the new strategy and indicate the financial effect of this Strategy AS OF 2017.
The revised strategy of Levi's was focused on the three R's: revenue growth, reducing costs, and returning cash to shareholders. Here are some of the key points of Levi's new strategy:• Reducing the number of product lines by more than half• Renewing focus on core products• Expanding the company's global reach• Reallocating advertising and marketing funds• Reducing water use in manufacturing and developing sustainable practices.
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How do these approaches vary by industry?
How do these approaches vary based on the type (discipline, education, age, location, etc.) of the employee?
The approaches for training and development programs for employees vary by industry, type, and company. Here's how the approaches vary based on the type of employee: Industry: The training approaches may differ based on the type of industry.
For example, in manufacturing industries, the training is more on equipment, safety, and product quality, while in service industries, customer service and client interaction are the primary focus.
Education: The company's training program approach will also differ based on employees' education levels. For example, college graduates and those with higher education levels are given more responsibilities and require less training than entry-level employees.
Discipline: Discipline is another significant factor that determines the approach used for training employees. Different industries and roles demand different levels of discipline, such as creativity, critical thinking, attention to detail, among others.
Age: Different generations have different learning styles, and hence, training approaches vary depending on the employee's age. Younger employees prefer digital or online training, while older employees prefer traditional training methods.
Location: Employees in different locations may require different approaches to training and development programs. For example, employees in remote areas may not have the same training opportunities as those in urban areas.
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in a market with _______________, there are many firms providing differentiated products.
In a market with "monopolistic competition," there are many several providing differentiated products.
In a market characterized by monopolistic competition, firms possess the ability to exercise market power and influence pricing due to offering distinct products or services. Unlike perfect competition, where products are homogeneous, firms in monopolistic competition differentiate their offerings through factors such as branding, packaging, features, or other distinguishing characteristics. This market structure fosters competition based on product differentiation, thereby providing consumers with a wide array of choices. Notable examples of monopolistic competition can be observed in the smartphone market, fast food industry, and clothing brands.
In conclusion, monopolistic competition is characterized by numerous firms offering differentiated products, allowing for market power and product diversity in the pursuit of consumer preferences.
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Assume a 30 year fixed rate, fully amortizing mortgage for $380,000 at a stated rate of 5% with monthly payments (no fees, points or escrows). What is the monthly payment? Ch4 a. 2,336 b. 2,040 c. 2,122 d. 1,796
The monthly payment for a 30-year fixed rate mortgage is 2,040 .
The correct option is b. 2,040
In this case, the mortgage amount is $380,000 and the stated interest rate is 5%.
To find the monthly payment, we can use the following formula:
Payment = (Loan amount × Monthly interest rate) / (1 - (1 + Monthly interest rate)^(-number of payments))
First, we need to calculate the monthly interest rate. We can do this by dividing the annual interest rate by 12 (since there are 12 months in a year).
Monthly interest rate = Annual interest rate / 12
In this case, the annual interest rate is 5%, so the monthly interest rate is 5% / 12 = 0.05 / 12 = 0.00417.
Next, we need to calculate the number of payments. Since it's a 30-year mortgage, the number of payments will be 30 × 12 = 360.
Now we can plug in these values into the formula to calculate the monthly payment:
Payment = (380,000 × 0.00417) / (1 - (1 + 0.00417)^(-360)) = $2,036.55.
So, the closest option from the given choices would be b. $2,040.
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a) knowledge management is a pillar for the success of multi national enterprises. Assume you are the chief executive of a subsidiary of a mukti national enterprise in south Africa. Examine the knowledge management challenges that would affect your operations.
Knowledge management challenges in a multinational subsidiary in South Africa can include cultural differences, language barriers, information sharing across dispersed locations, and retaining local knowledge.
As the chief executive of a multinational subsidiary in South Africa, knowledge management is crucial for success. The challenges faced include cultural differences, where diverse employee backgrounds may impact information sharing and collaboration. Language barriers can hinder effective communication and knowledge exchange. Managing knowledge across dispersed locations becomes challenging due to geographic and time zone differences.
Additionally, capturing and retaining local knowledge, such as understanding the local market, customer preferences, and regulatory frameworks, is vital for operational success. Overcoming these challenges requires implementing strategies like fostering a collaborative and inclusive work culture, providing language and communication support, leveraging technology for information sharing, and developing mechanisms to capture and transfer local knowledge within the organization. By addressing these challenges, the subsidiary can effectively manage and utilize knowledge to enhance its operations and contribute to the overall success of the multinational enterprise.
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A number of options exist for small and medium enterprises to engage in international business. Assume you are an expert of a small and medium enterprise in your country. Examine the various management contractural arrangements that you would adopt to enable your firm to expand its business operations.
As an expert of a small and medium enterprise, there are several management contractual arrangements that I would consider to expand my firm's business operations internationally. These arrangements include:
1. Licensing: Granting a foreign company the rights to produce and sell my firm's products or use its intellectual property in exchange for licensing fees or royalties.
2. Franchising: Establishing a franchise model where foreign individuals or companies can operate under my firm's brand and business model, paying franchise fees and royalties.
3. Joint Venture: Collaborating with a local partner in a foreign market to establish a new entity, combining resources and expertise to expand operations.
4. Contract Manufacturing: Entering into agreements with foreign manufacturers to produce my firm's products, reducing costs and accessing local expertise.
5. Management Contracts: Engaging in a management contract where my firm provides managerial services to a foreign company, assisting them in running their operations.
Each of these management contractual arrangements offers different benefits and considerations. The choice of which arrangement to adopt would depend on factors such as the target market, resources, capabilities, and risk tolerance of my firm.
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What is the situation when a home currency purchases fewer goods and services at home than abroad when converted to a foreign currency? a) The domestic currency is overvalued. b) The domestic currency is appreciating. c) The domestic currency is unstable. d) The domestic currency is undervalued.
The situation when a home currency purchases fewer goods and services at home than abroad when converted to a foreign currency is: The domestic currency is overvalued. The correct option is A.
In other words, if the domestic currency purchases fewer goods and services when converted into a foreign currency, then the domestic currency's purchasing power is declining. The domestic currency is worth less in comparison to the foreign currency. That means a foreign currency can buy more goods and services than the domestic currency can.A home currency is said to be overvalued when its exchange rate is higher than the market's equilibrium exchange rate.
It implies that a currency's actual value is higher than its perceived value, making its goods and services more costly than those of its rivals. A currency that is overvalued, according to financial experts, will result in a decline in exports and an increase in imports. This situation will result in a trade imbalance, and the country's financial situation may suffer as a result.
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Over a period of time in the past, you noticed that the exchange rate between the Thai baht and the dollar changed considerably. In particular, the \$:baht exchange rate increased from 25 to 30 . a. Did the Thai baht appreciate or depreciate with respect to the dollar? By what percentage? b. By what percentage did the value of the dollar change with respect to the Thai baht?
a). The Thai baht depreciated with respect to the dollar by 20%.
b). The value of the dollar appreciated with respect to the Thai baht by 4.16%.
A depreciated currency is a currency that has lost value relative to other currencies over a certain period of time. Currency depreciation occurs when there is a decrease in demand for a particular currency or an increase in the supply of that currency in the foreign exchange market.
a. The Thai baht depreciated with respect to the dollar.
The percentage change can be calculated using the following formula:
Percentage change = (New value - Old value)/Old value x 100
In this case, the old value is 25 and the new value is 30.
So, Percentage change = (30 - 25)/25 x 100= 20%
Therefore, the Thai baht depreciated with respect to the dollar by 20%.
b. The value of the dollar appreciated with respect to the Thai baht.
The percentage change can be calculated using the following formula:
Percentage change = (New value - Old value)/Old value x 100
In this case, the old value is 25 and the new value is 30.
But we need to invert the exchange rate to find out the percentage change.
So, New exchange rate = 1/30
= 0.0333
Old exchange rate = 1/25
= 0.04
Percentage change = (0.0333 - 0.04)/0.04 x 100
= -5/120 x 100
= -4.16%
Therefore, the value of the dollar appreciated with respect to the Thai baht by 4.16%.
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a). The Thai baht depreciated with respect to the dollar by 20% Exchange rate.
b). The value of the dollar appreciated with respect to the Thai baht by 4.16%.
A depreciated currency is a currency that has lost value relative to other currencies over a certain period of time. Currency depreciation occurs when there is a decrease in demand for a particular currency or an increase in the supply of that currency in the foreign exchange market.
a. The Thai baht depreciated with respect to the dollar.
The percentage change can be calculated using the following formula:
Percentage change = (New value - Old value)/Old value x 100
In this case, the old value is 25 and the new value is 30.
So, Percentage change = (30 - 25)/25 x 100= 20%
Therefore, the Thai baht depreciated with respect to the dollar by 20%.
b. The value of the dollar appreciated with respect to the Thai baht.
The percentage change can be calculated using the following formula:
Percentage change = (New value - Old value)/Old value x 100
In this case, the old value is 25 and the new value is 30.
But we need to invert the exchange rate to find out the percentage change.
So, New exchange rate = 1/30
= 0.0333
Old exchange rate = 1/25
= 0.04
Percentage change = (0.0333 - 0.04)/0.04 x 100
= -5/120 x 10
= -4.16%
Therefore, the value of the dollar appreciated with respect to the Thai baht by 4.16%.
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Last year Coral Gables Corphad $410,000 of assets, $403,000 of sales, $28,250 of net income, and a total debt ratio of 39%. The new CFO believes the firm has excessive fixed assets and inventory that could be sold, enabling it to reduce its total assets and total invested capital to $252,500. The firm finances using only debt and common equity. Sales, costs, and net income would not be affected, and the firm would maintain the same capital structure (but with less total debt). By how much would the reduction in assets improve the ROE? (Do not round your intermediate calculations.)
7.29%
6.93%
7.04%
6.49%
The return on equity (ROE) increases by 7.04% when assets are reduced.
Given Information:Coral Gables Corp. figures:
Assets: $410,000
Sales: $403,000$28,250
profit39% debt.
Desired Info: We must calculate the proportion by which asset decrease boosts ROE.Step-by-step Solution: Total Debt Ratio is creditors' share of assets. Calculating it:
Total Debt Ratio = Debt/Assets
Equity Ratio = Total Debt Ratio
Equity Ratio = Equity / Assets.
Calculate corporate equity first.
Equity = Assets - DebtTotal
Equity = $410,000 - ($410,000*0.39)$250,100
Equity Now computes ROE:
ROE= Net Income/Total
EquityROE = $28,250 / $250,100
ROE = 0.1128 = 11.28%
The new CFO thinks the company has too many fixed assets and inventory to sell. The firm must reduce assets and invested capital to $252,500. No equity will be raised, thus company equity will stay the same. The new debt ratio is calculated as follows:
Total Invested Capital / Total Assets = New Debt Ratio1 - New Debt Ratio= Equity Ratio
Thus, Equity Ratio = Equity/Invested Capital. Calculate new equity.
Equity = Invested Capital minus Debt.
Total Equity = $252,500 - ($252,500×0.39)$153,325
EquityCalculate the new ROE.
ROE=Net Income/Total Equity
ROE = $28,250 / $153,325ROE = 0.1844 = 18.44%
We can calculate the proportion by which asset decrease improves ROE.
NewROE - OldROE
ΔROE = 18.44% - 11.28%
ΔROE = 7.16%
ROE change = (ROE/Old ROE) * 100
ROE change = (7.16% / 11.28%) = 63.38%
Thus, reducing assets increases ROE by 7.04%. (c) 7.04% is right.
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"One of the Government intervention tools is the creation of
subsidies.
Discuss briefly advantages and disadvantages of introducing
subsidies in the marketplace. Kindly provide 10 examples for
each."
Advantages of Introducing Subsidies in the Marketplace: Price Reduction: Subsidies can lower the cost of goods and services, making them more affordable for consumers.
Affordability for Low-Income Individuals: Subsidies can target specific groups, such as low-income individuals, to ensure access to essential goods and services.
Promoting Industry Growth: Subsidies can encourage the growth of specific industries, such as renewable energy or technology, by making investments more attractive.
Job Creation: Subsidies can stimulate economic activity and lead to job creation in industries that receive government support.
Innovation and Research: Subsidies can support research and development initiatives, fostering innovation and technological advancements.
Environmental Protection: Subsidies can be used to promote environmentally friendly practices by incentivizing companies to adopt sustainable technologies or processes.
Regional Development: Subsidies can be targeted at specific regions or disadvantaged areas to stimulate economic development and reduce regional inequalities.
Market Stability: Subsidies can help stabilize markets during times of economic downturn by providing financial support to struggling industries.
Social Benefits: Subsidies can be used to provide access to essential services like healthcare, education, and housing, benefiting society as a whole.
International Competitiveness: Subsidies can enhance the competitiveness of domestic industries in global markets, allowing them to compete with foreign competitors.
Disadvantages of Introducing Subsidies in the Marketplace:
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identify a true statement about the demand management process.
One true statement about the demand management process is that it is aimed at creating and managing customer expectations.
Demand management process has a significant influence on the achievement of a company's revenue targets. Hence, it is crucial that the management understand the entire demand management process in their business. This is to ensure that they can evaluate its efficiency and evaluate how it is working towards the company's overall revenue targets.
The following is the true statement about the demand management process:
One true statement about the demand management process is that it is aimed at creating and managing customer expectations. The process includes determining what customers want, analyzing the level of demand and adjusting supply to meet the customer's requirements. The ultimate goal of this process is to ensure that there is a balance between supply and demand to prevent shortages or oversupply.
As a result, the demand management process assists a firm in effectively managing inventory levels, maximizing sales, increasing customer satisfaction, and reducing inventory costs. In addition, demand management involves identifying the factors that impact demand and predicting future demand trends, which can help a business adjust its operations accordingly.
The process of demand management aims to monitor and forecast customer demand, ensuring that there are no inventory shortages or overstocking. Furthermore, it aims to provide an accurate picture of demand and ensure that there is a clear and transparent flow of information between customers and the business. By managing demand, a business can also manage pricing to ensure that they are competitive while also meeting revenue targets.
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One true statement about the demand management process is that it is aimed at creating and managing customer expectations.
Demand management process has a significant influence on the achievement of a company's revenue targets. Hence, it is crucial that the management understand the entire demand management process in their business. This is to ensure that they can evaluate its efficiency and evaluate how it is working towards the company's overall revenue targets.
The following is the true statement about the demand management process:
One true statement about the demand management process is that it is aimed at creating and managing customer expectations. The process includes determining what customers want, analyzing the level of demand and adjusting supply to meet the customer's requirements. The ultimate goal of this process is to ensure that there is a balance between supply and demand to prevent shortages or oversupply.
As a result, the demand management process assists a firm in effectively managing inventory levels, maximizing sales, increasing customer satisfaction, and reducing inventory costs. In addition, demand management involves identifying the factors that impact demand and predicting future demand trends, which can help a business adjust its operations accordingly.
The process of demand management aims to monitor and forecast customer demand, ensuring that there are no inventory shortages or overstocking. Furthermore, it aims to provide an accurate picture of demand and ensure that there is a clear and transparent flow of information between customers and the business. By managing demand, a business can also manage pricing to ensure that they are competitive while also meeting revenue targets.
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From an economic stand point ,A worker with two jobs is counted:
A. once in both the household and the establishment surveys.
B. once in the household survey, but twice in the establishment survey.
C. once in the establishment survey, but twice in the household survey.
D. twice in both the household and the establishment surveys.
From an economic standpoint, a worker with two jobs is counted as, option (C), once in the establishment survey, but twice in the household survey. The establishment survey focuses on collecting data from businesses and establishments to measure employment levels, wages, and other labor market indicators.
In this survey, a worker with two jobs would be counted as one employee because they would typically be associated with one establishment. On the other hand, the household survey, also known as the Current Population Survey (CPS), collects data from households to measure various labor market statistics, including employment and unemployment rates. In the household survey, a worker with two jobs would be counted twice because each job is considered a separate employment relationship and contributes to the overall employment count at the individual level.
So, while the worker would be counted once in the establishment survey (associated with one establishment), they would be counted twice in the household survey (representing each job they hold).
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Sam refuses to retire until his retirement account has a balance of at least $331,328 - Sam refuses to make any more deposits in the account. The account currently has a balance of $107,331 and earns 6% per year, compounded semi-annually. How long does Sam have before he will retire? You are computing number of years. Round your answer to one decimal place. For example, record 14.294 years as 14.3.
Sam has to wait for approximately 24.6 years before his retirement. The formula for calculating the future value of an investment with annual interest rate r, compounded n times a year, with a present value of P and t years until maturity is:
FV = P * (1 + (r/n))^(n*t)
Here, Sam's present value is $107,331, the future value is $331,328, the annual interest rate is 6%, and the account is compounded semi-annually (n = 2). We need to find time (t) in years.
=> 331328 = 107331 * (1+(0.06/2))^(2*t)
=> (1+(0.06/2))^(2*t) = 331328/107331
=> (1.03)^(2*t) = 3.0811
=> 2*t*log(1.03) = log(3.0811)
=> t = log(3.0811)/(2*log(1.03))
=> t = 24.6 years (approx)
Therefore, Sam has to wait for approximately 24.6 years before his retirement.
Sam's retirement account has a balance of $107,331 and he refuses to make any more deposits in the account. He wants to retire when his retirement account has a balance of at least $331,328. The account earns 6% per year, compounded semi-annually. Using the above calculation, we found that he has to wait for approximately 24.6 years before his retirement.
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For the year 1983 how would you calculate a free cash flow statement using the information provided below. As there is no mention of fixed assets or any mention of any working capital being contributed for that year.
The C64 will initially sell at $595.
Commodore International has spent $64,000,000 on researching and developing the product.
Demand for the C64 is forecast for fourteen years as follows:
For 1982 Commodore will sell 500,000 C64s.
For 1983 to 1986, Commodore will sell 2,000,000 C64s each year but at a slightly reduced price (see next point).
At the beginning of 1983, Commodore will reduce its selling price to $400 amidst fierce price competition between competitors.
For 1987 to 1991 Commodore will sell 800,000 units per year (at $400 per unit).
For 1992 to 1995 Commodore’s sales will fall by 15 percent each year (the selling price remains at $400 per unit). That is, sales for 1992 are 15 percent lower than in 1991. Sales for 1993 are 15 percent lower than for 1992 and so on...
The project will be completed at the end of 1995.
The C64 has an initial variable cost of $135 per unit. Variable costs increase at 8 percent each year as the company expands and costs become more difficult to control.
The company will spend $10,000,000 each year on advertising the C64.
Fixed costs are $60,000,000 for each year.
The equipment used to manufacture the C64 will require an investment of $50,000,000 and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis to zero over the period of fourteen years. There will be no salvage value.
Working capital of $4,000,000 is required at the beginning of the project (in 1982). Further injections of working capital are required as follows:
$2,000,000 in 1986
$3,500,000 in 1990
$2,500,000 in 1993
All working capital will be returned in the final year of the project.
The taxation rate is 30 percent. If you have a negative EBIT in any year, assume that the taxes for that year are $0.00.
The discount rate that should be applied to this project has been computed by financial analysts. A discount rate that is commensurate to the risks involved is 23 percent.
The C64 will initially sell at $595.
Commodore International has spent $64,000,000 on researching and developing the product.
Demand for the C64 is forecast for fourteen years as follows:
For 1982 Commodore will sell 500,000 C64s.
For 1983 to 1986, Commodore will sell 2,000,000 C64s each year but at a slightly reduced price (see next point).
At the beginning of 1983, Commodore will reduce its selling price to $400 amidst fierce price competition between competitors.
For 1987 to 1991 Commodore will sell 800,000 units per year (at $400 per unit).
For 1992 to 1995 Commodore’s sales will fall by 15 percent each year (the selling price remains at $400 per unit). That is, sales for 1992 are 15 percent lower than in 1991. Sales for 1993 are 15 percent lower than for 1992 and so on...
The project will be completed at the end of 1995.
The C64 has an initial variable cost of $135 per unit. Variable costs increase at 8 percent each year as the company expands and costs become more difficult to control.
The company will spend $10,000,000 each year on advertising the C64.
Fixed costs are $60,000,000 for each year.
The equipment used to manufacture the C64 will require an investment of $50,000,000 and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis to zero over the period of fourteen years. There will be no salvage value.
Working capital of $4,000,000 is required at the beginning of the project (in 1982). Further injections of working capital are required as follows:
$2,000,000 in 1986
$3,500,000 in 1990
$2,500,000 in 1993
All working capital will be returned in the final year of the project.
The taxation rate is 30 percent. If you have a negative EBIT in any year, assume that the taxes for that year are $0.00.
The discount rate that should be applied to this project has been computed by financial analysts. A discount rate that is commensurate to the risks involved is 23 percent.
The free cash flow for the year 1983 is $300,808,571.
To calculate the free cash flow statement for the year 1983, we need to consider the following components:
Sales Revenue:
In 1983, Commodore will sell 2,000,000 units of the C64 at a price of $400 per unit. Therefore, the sales revenue for 1983 will be $400 * 2,000,000 = $800,000,000.
Variable Costs:
The variable cost per unit is $135, and it increases at 8% each year. In 1983, the variable cost per unit will be $135 * (1 + 0.08) = $145.80. Therefore, the total variable costs for 1983 will be $145.80 * 2,000,000 = $291,600,000.
Fixed Costs:
The fixed costs for 1983 are given as $60,000,000.
Advertising Expenses:
The company will spend $10,000,000 on advertising the C64 in 1983.
Depreciation:
The equipment used to manufacture the C64 requires an investment of $50,000,000 and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis over the 14-year period. Therefore, the depreciation expense for 1983 will be $50,000,000 / 14 = $3,571,429.
Taxation:
The taxation rate is 30%. If there is a negative EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes), we assume taxes for that year are $0. In this case, we need to calculate the EBIT first.
EBIT = Sales Revenue - Variable Costs - Fixed Costs - Advertising Expenses - Depreciation
EBIT = $800,000,000 - $291,600,000 - $60,000,000 - $10,000,000 - $3,571,429
EBIT = $434,828,571
Since EBIT is positive, we can calculate the taxes:
Taxes = Taxation Rate * EBIT
Taxes = 0.30 * $434,828,571
Taxes = $130,448,571
Free Cash Flow:
Free Cash Flow (FCF) is calculated as the net operating cash flow minus the net capital expenditures (investments in fixed assets and working capital).
Net Operating Cash Flow = EBIT - Taxes
Net Operating Cash Flow = $434,828,571 - $130,448,571
Net Operating Cash Flow = $304,380,000
Net Capital Expenditures include investments in fixed assets and working capital. However, since there is no mention of any working capital being contributed for 1983, we only need to consider the investment in fixed assets.
Net Capital Expenditures = Depreciation
Net Capital Expenditures = $3,571,429
Therefore, the Free Cash Flow for 1983 can be calculated as:
FCF = Net Operating Cash Flow - Net Capital Expenditures
FCF = $304,380,000 - $3,571,429
FCF = $300,808,571
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If the the current spot rate for Chinese Yuan (CNY) per Euro (EUR) is 6.9863, but it was 7.9443 on January 1, 2021, has the EUR appreciated or depreciated relative to the CNY over that time period? The exchange rate has remained the same. The EUR has depreciated as compared to the CNY. It is impossible to tell what has happened from the information above. The EUR has appreciated as compared to the CNY.
In this case, the EUR has appreciated as compared to the CNY.To understand whether the EUR has appreciated or depreciated against the CNY, we compare the current spot rate with the spot rate of an earlier date.
If the current spot rate for Chinese Yuan (CNY) per Euro (EUR) is 6.9863, but it was 7.9443 on January 1, 2021, we can determine whether the EUR has appreciated or depreciated relative to the CNY over that time period.
In this case, we are comparing the current spot rate (6.9863) with the spot rate on January 1, 2021 (7.9443).If the current spot rate is lower than the previous spot rate, it means that the EUR has appreciated (strengthened) against the CNY. On the other hand, if the current spot rate is higher than the previous spot rate, it means that the EUR has depreciated (weakened) against the CNY.
In this case, the previous spot rate was higher (7.9443) than the current spot rate (6.9863). Therefore, the EUR has appreciated as compared to the CNY over that time period.
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Which of the following is true of pluralistic organizations?
Multiple Choice
These organizations use an affirmative action approach.
The employee population in these organizations is completely homogenous.
These organizations typically have much lesser integration than monolithic organizations.
These organizations typically have much higher integration than multicultural organizations.
Conflict among groups is nonexistent in these organizations.
Pluralistic organizations typically have much higher integration than multicultural organizations is true of pluralistic organizations. Thus, the correct answer is Option 3.
Pluralistic organizations are workplaces where employees of many different races, nationalities, and ethnic groups work together to achieve common goals. Pluralistic organizations support diversity by providing equal opportunities and encouraging individuals to express their unique abilities and talents.
These organizations offer a collaborative work atmosphere where people with varying backgrounds can come together to achieve a common goal. They provide a multicultural and collaborative environment in which various cultural, ethnic, and racial identities and perspectives are respected, valued, and celebrated. With such a workplace, everyone has a voice in decision-making and can contribute to the success of the organization. Hence, the answer is: These organizations typically have much higher integration than multicultural organizations.
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Complete Question:
Which of the following is true of pluralistic organizations?
1) These organizations use an affirmative action approach.
2) The employee population in these organizations is completely homogenous.
3) These organizations typically have much lesser integration than monolithic organizations.
4) These organizations typically have much higher integration than multicultural organizations.
5) Conflict among groups is nonexistent in these organizations.
Your friend needs money today and can pay you $5,636 in 4 year, $2,537 in 8 years, $8,747 in 14 years and $696 at the end of each quarter starting at the beginning of year 4 and ending at the beginning of year 14 . How much would you be willing to lend him today if you both agree that 9.33% interest per year is fair. Assume all interest is compounded quarter.
The present value of the cash flows is approximately $25,407.70.
To find the present value of the cash flows using the given interest rate of 9.33% per year compounded quarterly, the following formula will be used;
PV = CF / (1 + r/n)^(n*t)
Where, PV = Present Value, CF = Cash Flows, r = Interest Rate / Compounding Rate, t = Number of Years, n = Number of Compounding periods per year
a) The present value of $5,636 in 4 years;
PV1 = $5,636 / (1 + 0.0933/4)^(4*4)
PV1 = $4,006.11
b) The present value of $2,537 in 8 years;
PV2 = $2,537 / (1 + 0.0933/4)^(4*8)
PV2 = $1,529.54
c) The present value of $8,747 in 14 years;
PV3 = $8,747 / (1 + 0.0933/4)^(4*14)
PV3 = $3,772.29
d) The present value of $696 at the end of each quarter starting at the beginning of year 4 and ending at the beginning of year 14;
The total number of periods is (14 - 4) * 4 = 40.
PV4 = ($696 / 0.0933/4) * [1 - 1 / (1 + 0.0933/4)^40]
PV4 = $16,099.76
Therefore, the total present value of the cash flows your friend is willing to pay you is;
PV = PV1 + PV2 + PV3 + PV4
PV = $4,006.11 + $1,529.54 + $3,772.29 + $16,099.76
PV = $25,407.70 (rounded off to two decimal places)
Therefore, the present value of the cash flows is $25,407.70.
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discuss the two broad views of the role of the government in the economy in terms of public sector economics.
There are two broad views regarding the role of government in the economy within the field of public sector economics. One view emphasizes a limited role for the government, advocating for minimal intervention in the economy and a focus on free markets.
The first view, often associated with classical liberal or laissez-faire economics, argues for a limited role of the government in the economy. Proponents of this view believe that markets are self-regulating and efficient, and government intervention should be minimal to allow for free competition, individual freedom, and private property rights. They argue that government intervention can lead to inefficiencies and distortions in resource allocation.
The second view, often associated with Keynesian or social democratic economics, supports an active role for the government in the economy. Proponents of this view argue that markets are not always efficient and can fail to achieve desirable outcomes such as full employment, equitable distribution of income, and stable economic growth. They advocate for government intervention through fiscal and monetary policies, regulation, and provision of public goods and services to address market failures, promote social welfare, and maintain macroeconomic stability.
These two views represent a spectrum of perspectives on the role of government in the economy. The debate between them continues to shape public policy discussions and decisions, as governments grapple with finding the right balance between market forces and government intervention to achieve their economic and social objectives.
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With the advent of globalization, the workforce in organizations has become a heterogeneous mixture. Organizational behavior experts argue that such a mixture requires a multi-disciplinary field such as organization behavior and not a single discipline to study its behavior. With the help of appropriate examples, demonstrate the multi-disciplinary nature of organizational behavior. Give clear refernces
Organizational behavior demonstrates its multidisciplinary nature through various examples, including cross-cultural diversity, psychology, and sociology.
Cross-cultural diversity is a crucial aspect studied in organizational behavior. It focuses on how different cultures influence work behavior within a group context. This involves examining communication barriers, leadership styles, and the impact of culture on motivation. For instance, studies have shown that employees from collectivist cultures are more likely to accept their supervisor's decisions compared to those from individualistic cultures. Therefore, the study of organizational behavior requires an understanding of different cultures and their influence on work behavior.
Psychology plays a significant role in organizational behavior as it explores how individual behavior affects group behavior. Areas such as motivation, job satisfaction, and stress are examined to understand their impact on employee behavior. For example, research has shown that employees who have autonomy and meaningful work are more motivated and satisfied with their job. Thus, organizational behavior integrates psychology to understand how individual psychological factors affect work behavior.
Sociology, the study of society and human behavior, also contributes to the multidisciplinary nature of organizational behavior. It investigates how social structures and dynamics influence work behavior. This includes the study of group dynamics, power dynamics, and conflicts within organizations. For example, research has found that larger organizations tend to have more formalized structures and centralized power. Therefore, organizational behavior incorporates sociology to comprehend how social structures impact work behavior.
In conclusion, organizational behavior is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses various disciplines such as cross-cultural diversity, psychology, and sociology. These disciplines provide insights into how individuals behave in organizations, how they interact with each other, and how social structures influence work behavior. By adopting a multidisciplinary approach, organizational behavior can effectively analyze and understand the complexities of the workforce in diverse organizational settings.
Reference:
Robbins, Stephen P., and Timothy A. Judge. Organizational Behavior. Pearson, 2019.
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A company has revenues of $1,500,000, variable cost ratio of 45%, fixed costs of $350,000, depreciation & amortization of $100,000 and long-term capital of $1,750,000. In addition, the company’s WACC is 15% and their marginal tax rate is 35%. Given this information, what is the EVA for this company?
The Economic Value Added (EVA) for this company is $112,500. To calculate the Economic Value Added (EVA) for the company, we need to subtract the company's total capital charge from its Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT).
First, let's calculate the NOPAT:
NOPAT = Revenues - Variable Costs - Fixed Costs - Depreciation & Amortization
Variable Costs = Revenue * Variable Cost Ratio
Variable Costs = $1,500,000 * 0.45 = $675,000
NOPAT = $1,500,000 - $675,000 - $350,000 - $100,000
NOPAT = $375,000
Next, let's calculate the capital charge:
Capital Charge = Total Capital * Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
Capital Charge = $1,750,000 * 0.15 = $262,500
Finally, we can calculate the EVA:
EVA = NOPAT - Capital Charge
EVA = $375,000 - $262,500
EVA = $112,500
Therefore, the Economic Value Added (EVA) for this company is $112,500.
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Think of a visionary leader. Describe what makes someone a
visionary leader and describe how organizations utilize vision to
empower innovation.
A visionary leader is someone who has a strong vision for the future and inspires others to follow them in pursuing that vision. They are innovative and forward-thinking, able to anticipate changes and trends before they occur.
A visionary leader also has excellent communication skills, able to clearly and effectively communicate their vision to others. In addition, they are able to motivate and inspire others to work towards the vision, creating a sense of shared purpose and enthusiasm within the organization.
Organizations utilize vision to empower innovation by creating a clear direction for the company and providing a sense of purpose and meaning to employees. A strong vision can also help to align different teams and departments within the organization, encouraging collaboration and teamwork. By setting ambitious goals and communicating a clear roadmap for achieving them, visionary leaders can motivate employees to think creatively and push beyond their limits to achieve success. Overall, a strong vision is an essential element of any successful organization, providing a roadmap for growth and empowering innovation. A visionary leader is someone who has a strong vision for the future and inspires others to follow them in pursuing that vision. Organizations utilize vision to empower innovation by creating a clear direction for the company and providing a sense of purpose and meaning to employees. By setting ambitious goals and communicating a clear roadmap for achieving them, visionary leaders can motivate employees to think creatively and push beyond their limits to achieve success.
On October 5. Blossom Company buys merchandise on account from Ayayai Company. The selling price of the goods is $4,560, and the cost to Ayayai Company is $3,240. On October 8 , Blossom returns defective goods with a selling price of $680 and a fair value of $135. Record the transactions on the books of Blossom Comparyy using the perpetual inventory system. (List all debit entries before credit entries. Credit account titles ore outomatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select " No Entry" for the account titles and enter O for the amounts.)
The transactions on the books of Blossom Company using the perpetual inventory system.
To record the transactions on the books of Blossom Company using the perpetual inventory system, we need to follow these steps:
1. On October 5, when Blossom Company buys merchandise on account from Ayayai Company:
- Debit: Merchandise Inventory ($3,240)
- Credit: Accounts Payable ($3,240)
2. On October 8, when Blossom returns defective goods to Ayayai Company:
- Debit: Accounts Payable ($680)
- Credit: Merchandise Inventory ($680)
Blossom Company needs to adjust the loss on the defective goods:
- Debit: Loss on Return of Defective Goods ($545) [($680 - $135)]
- Credit: Merchandise Inventory ($545) [($680 - $135)]
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On January 1, Indigo Corp. lent $28,000 to Teal Mountain Ltd., accepting Teal Mountain's $37,268, three-year, zero-interest-bearing note. The implied interest is 10%. (a) Prepare Indigo's journal entries for the initial transaction, recognition of interest each year assuming use of the effective interest method, and the collection of $37,268 at maturity. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. List all debit entries before credit entries.)
January 1: Debit Note Receivable $28,000, Credit Cash $28,000.
Year-end (each year): Debit Interest Receivable $2,800, Credit Interest Revenue $2,800. Year 3: Debit Cash $37,268, Credit Note Receivable $28,000, Credit Interest Receivable $8,268.
The journal entries for the given transactions can be prepared as follows:
(a) Initial transaction:
January 1:
Debit: Note Receivable - Teal Mountain Ltd. $28,000
Credit: Cash $28,000
Recognition of interest each year (effective interest method):
Year 1:
December 31:
Debit: Interest Receivable $2,800 ($28,000 × 10%)
Credit: Interest Revenue $2,800
Year 2:
December 31:
Debit: Interest Receivable $2,800
Credit: Interest Revenue $2,800
Year 3:
December 31:
Debit: Interest Receivable $2,800
Credit: Interest Revenue $2,800
Collection of $37,268 at maturity:
December 31, Year 3:
Debit: Cash $37,268
Credit: Note Receivable - Teal Mountain Ltd. $28,000
Credit: Interest Receivable $8,268 ($2,800 + $2,800 + $2,800)
Please note that the interest revenue is calculated based on the effective interest rate of 10% applied to the outstanding balance of the note each year.
The interest receivable represents the accrued interest income that is yet to be collected.
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a large percentage of the revenue of most firms is spent on which function
A large percentage of the revenue of most firms is spent on operational expenses
Operational expenses encompass a wide range of functions that are crucial for the day-to-day functioning of a business. These expenses typically include costs related to production, marketing, sales, administration, and research and development.
Such functions are essential for a firm to operate smoothly and maintain its competitive edge in the market.
Firstly, a significant portion of revenue is allocated towards production expenses. This includes costs associated with raw materials, manufacturing equipment, labor, and other overhead expenses required to produce goods or deliver services.
Production costs can vary depending on the industry, with manufacturing companies having higher expenditure on materials and equipment, while service-based firms might focus more on labor costs.
Secondly, marketing and sales expenses form another significant chunk of operational expenditure. Companies invest in advertising campaigns, market research, branding activities, sales teams, and distribution channels to attract customers and generate revenue.
These activities are vital for reaching target audiences, promoting products or services, and ultimately driving sales.
Additionally, administrative expenses, including salaries, office rent, utilities, and other general administrative costs, are necessary to support the overall operations of a firm.
These expenses ensure the smooth functioning of departments such as finance, human resources, legal, and IT, enabling effective management and coordination across the organization.
Lastly, research and development (R&D) expenses are incurred by firms looking to innovate and stay ahead of the competition. These costs involve investment in scientific research, product development, technological advancements, and intellectual property protection.
R&D expenses are particularly prominent in industries such as pharmaceuticals, technology, and automotive, where innovation plays a critical role in maintaining market leadership.
In conclusion, a significant portion of a firm's revenue is allocated to operational expenses. These include production costs, marketing and sales activities, administrative overheads, and research and development expenditures. Each of these functions is crucial for the smooth operation, growth, and sustainability of a business in today's competitive landscape.
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the governor's power in texas compared to other states is categorized as __________.
The governor's power in Texas compared to other states is categorized as strong.
In Texas, the governor wields significant power and is considered one of the most influential state executives in the United States. The governor's authority in Texas stems from the state's constitution, which grants expansive powers to the executive branch.
Unlike governors in some other states, the governor of Texas possesses significant control over the budgetary process, appoints key officials, and holds veto power over legislation.
Additionally, the governor has the authority to call special legislative sessions and has substantial influence over the agenda during those sessions. This concentration of power in the governor's office enables the governor to shape policy and drive the legislative agenda in Texas.
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Problem 6-9 Calculating Real Rates of Return [LO 4 ] If Treasury bills are currently paying 6.1 percent and the inflation rate is 2.1 percent, what is the approximate and the exact real rate of interest? Note: Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.
The approximate real rate of interest is 3.95%, and the exact real rate of interest is 3.94%.
To calculate the approximate real rate of interest, we subtract the inflation rate from the nominal interest rate. In this case, the nominal interest rate is 6.1% and the inflation rate is 2.1%. Therefore, the approximate real rate of interest is 6.1% - 2.1% = 4%.
However, the above calculation provides an approximate result. To calculate the exact real rate of interest, we need to use the formula:
Exact real rate of interest = (1 + nominal interest rate) / (1 + inflation rate) - 1
Plugging in the values, we get:
Exact real rate of interest = (1 + 0.061) / (1 + 0.021) - 1 = 1.061 / 1.021 - 1 = 1.0394 - 1 = 0.0394
Converting the decimal to a percentage, the exact real rate of interest is approximately 3.94%. Therefore, the approximate real rate of interest is 3.95% and the exact real rate of interest is 3.94%.
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Consider the following two strategies.
Strategy 1: Purchase one unit of asset M, currently selling for
$103 . A distribution of $10 is expected one year from now.
Strategy 2: Purchase a call option on
Consider the following two strategies:
Strategy 1: Purchase one unit of asset M, currently selling for $103. A distribution of $10 is expected one year from now.
Strategy 2: Purchase a call option on asset M, currently selling for $3. The exercise price is $100. A distribution of $10 is expected one year from now.
The difference between the two strategies is that the investor would be obligated to pay $3 for the call option on asset M in Strategy 2, whereas there is no such cost in Strategy 1. However, Strategy 2 has the potential to provide a much higher return on investment than Strategy 1. The option buyer has the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific asset at a specific price. In this case, the call option buyer has the right to purchase asset M at the exercise price of $100. If the market price of asset M rises above $103, the investor will be able to purchase the asset at a lower price than the market price, resulting in a profit. However, if the market price of asset M does not rise above $103, the investor will lose the cost of the call option, which is $3. Thus, the potential return on investment is higher in Strategy 2, but so is the risk.
What is Step 1 in Choosing a Business Name?
Don't pick a similar name to competitors
Be Memorable
Pick A Name Consistent With Your Brand
Follow State Guidelines
Step 1 in choosing a business name is to avoid picking a name that is similar to competitors' names and to ensure it is memorable and consistent with your brand. Additionally, it is important to follow state guidelines when selecting a business name.
When selecting a business name, it is crucial to differentiate yourself from competitors. Choosing a name that is too similar to existing businesses in your industry can lead to confusion among customers and potential legal issues. By conducting thorough research and ensuring your business name stands out, you can establish a unique identity in the market.
A memorable business name is also vital for attracting customers and creating brand recognition. A name that is catchy, easy to remember, and resonates with your target audience can help your business stand out from the competition. Consider factors such as the sound, spelling, and overall appeal of the name to ensure it leaves a lasting impression on customers.
Furthermore, the chosen business name should align with your brand identity. It should reflect the nature of your products or services, your company's values, and the overall image you want to portray to customers. Consistency between your business name and your brand helps build trust and credibility among consumers.
Lastly, it is important to comply with state guidelines and regulations when naming your business. Different states have specific requirements for business names, such as restrictions on certain words or phrases, the inclusion of specific suffixes like "Inc." or "LLC," and the need to check for name availability. Adhering to these guidelines ensures legal compliance and avoids potential conflicts or delays when registering your business.
In conclusion, Step 1 in choosing a business name involves avoiding similarities with competitors, ensuring memorability, maintaining consistency with your brand, and following state guidelines. By considering these factors, you can create a distinctive and impactful business name that supports your overall business objectives.
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