If a splice site was altered, preventing splicing, the resulting effect just on mRNA would've been longer than usual.
a genetic change to the DNA sequence which takes place when an exon as well as an intron meet. This alteration may interfere with mRNA splicing, causing exons to be lost or added, and altering the protein-coding sequence. The spliceosome separates introns from the pre-mRNA during splicing, and exons are then spliced back together. The RNA will be translated into an inactive protein if the introns were left in place. A cis-acting splice element point mutation can vary whether an exon is skipped or included by altering how well or poorly it binds to splicing factors / inhibitors. A novel cis-acting element that is situated in the center of an exon or perhaps an intron can be created by a point mutation.
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What are enzymes biologically known as?.
An enzyme is an organic catalyst and is sort of usually a protein. It hastens the charge of a selected chemical response in the mobile.
The enzymes are referred to as biocatalysts due to the fact they accelerate biochemical reactions in living organisms. They function as catalysts, lowering the activation electricity and for that reason speeding up the response. A biocatalyst is an enzyme that hastens a chemical reaction without altering its equilibrium.
In step with the global Union of Biochemists (I U B), enzymes are divided into six useful training and are categorized based totally on the kind of response wherein they may be used to catalyze. The six kinds of enzymes are hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases, and isomerases.
Organic catalysts are referred to as enzymes. there's, as an example, an enzyme in our saliva that converts starch to a simple sugar, which is utilized by the mobile to supply energy and every other enzyme which degrades the extra lactic acid produced whilst we overexert ourselves.
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Jason put an apple on top of an ice pack in his lunch bag. By lunchtime the temperature of his apple had decreased. What happened to the molecules in the apple when the temperature of the apple decreased?.
When the temperature of the apple decreased, the thermal energy molecules in the apple are reduced.
Thermal energy is energy produced when there is an increase in temperature. Due to the increase in temperature, the molecules and atoms will move faster. Heat energy arises from the movement of particles. Thermal energy can be sourced from solar thermal energy, geothermal energy, fire heat energy, electrical heat energy, and heat energy from abrasions of two objects. The nature of thermal energy is that it can move from objects with a higher temperature to objects with a lower temperature.
Apples have warm energy along with the molecules that are in the apples. When the apples are placed on the ice bag which has a lower temperature than the apples. Then the energy of the apple molecules will transfer to the ice bag through kinetic energy.
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explain how the osmoregulatory challenges of freshwater animals differs from those of marine species
Because animal cells cannot survive saline concentrations as low as those in lake or river water, freshwater creatures must have hyperosmotic bodily fluids.
Gills have high amount of mitochondria which assist in replacing the salt. These cells take salt from the surrounding water and absorb it into the blood. Marine fish face completely opposite issue from freshwater fish. In comparison to their surroundings, they have blood that contains more water. Rivers and lakes contain freshwater, which is mostly identified by inlets and outflows. With a low saline concentration, there is an adequate supply of oxygen in this habitat than that of marine fish.
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TRUE/FALSE. the inflammatory process involves a cascade of events that results in dilation of blood vessels, leakage of fluid from those vessels, and migration of leukocytes out of the bloodstream and into the tissues.
The inflammatory process involves a cascade of events that results in the dilation of blood vessels, leakage of fluid from those vessels, and migration of leukocytes out of the bloodstream and into the tissues is true.
When tissues are damaged by an infection, trauma, toxin, heat, or any other cause, the inflammatory response, also known as inflammation, takes place. Chemicals like histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins are released by injured cells. These medications result in edema by causing blood vessels to leak fluid into tissues.
To reach sites of infection, injury, and stress inside the interstitium, neutrophils, monocytes, and effector T lymphocytes must pass through active venular walls.
Due to their inability to swim, leukocytes must be transported locally to the site of inflammation via a variety of adhesive procedures that enable them to stick to the vessel wall and travel along it to the endothelial boundaries.
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two rats from the same genetic strain are placed in the exact same environments. rat a receives the typical caloric intake for a rat of its size and breed. rat b is on the same diet as rat a, but its caloric intake is 30 percent lower. according to the latest studies on calorie restriction:\
Rat B must endure more years than rat A.
Which type of information is more susceptible to deterioration with time?Measurable changes in cognition occur with normal aging. The most significant alterations include reductions in cognitive activities, such as measures of processing speed, working memory, and executive cognitive function, that call for speedy information processing or transformation in order to make a choice.
Which aging hypothesis suggests that the body ages by gradually wearing down over time?German biologist Dr. August Wiesmann first put forth the wear-and-tear theory of aging in 1882. According to the hypothesis, aging is caused by the cells and tissues of the body gradually deteriorating due to wear and tear, oxidative stress, radiation exposure, exposure to toxins, or other deteriorating processes.
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which sprinkler system has no water in the piping before activation, and when activated, all sprinklers open at the same time?
DRY PIPE SPRINKLER system has no water in the piping before activation , and when activated , all sprinkles open at the same time .
What are the benefits of it ?
It eliminates the water leakage .
They do not carry water in the pipping until activation . the pipes , filled with pressurized air and nitrogen , open a dry pipe valve to allow water in when a sprinkler head is triggered .
Thus , dry sprinkler system has significant role .
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What is the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and the bloodstream in the lungs called?.
The transfer of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and bloodstream in the lungs is called Respiration.
What is Respiration?
Respiration is the process which involves the sequence of events which results in the exchange of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide between the external atmosphere and the cells present inside the body. Every 3 to 5 seconds, nerve impulses stimulate the breathing process present in the brain, or ventilation, which results into movement of air through a series of passages into and out of the lungs.
In the lungs, the diffusion of gases takes place in the alveoli. Respiration is classified into two types: Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration.
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which are more closely related, the western diamondback rattlesnake and the adder or the western diamondback rattlesnake and the cobra?
Western diamond rattlesnake and the adder are more closely related
This taxonomy consists of venomous snakes. This is correctly known as monophyletic.
monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor and all of its lineal descendants.
Monophyletic taxon : a set composed of a set of organisms, consisting of the most current common ancestor of all those organisms and all the descendants of that most recent common ancestor. A monophyletic taxon is likewise referred to as a clade.
Examples : Mammalia, Aves (birds), angiosperms, insects, and so forth.
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the moth's proboscis is made of the paired and elongated , which is a lobe on the maxilla. the moth's proboscis is made of the paired and elongated , which is a lobe on the maxilla. ligula lacinia cardo stipes galea
The maxilla's galea lobe is involved. The paired and elongated are what make up the moth's proboscis.
What are the mosquito's long mouthparts called?The most well-known solenophages are mosquitoes. A very long feeding organ known as the proboscis is formed by the labrum, maxillae, mandibles, hypopharynx, and labium.
The mosquito's proboscis is made up of a large, scaly outer lower lip known as the labium and a large bundle of long, tapering, feeding stylets collectively referred to as the fascicle, according to observations made with a scanning electron microscope.
Proboscis: Found on female mosquitoes, this mouthpart pierces human or animal skin and suctions out blood. Males don't eat blood, and their proboscis isn't strong enough to pierce skin. The proboscis of mosquitoes is used by both sexes to consume fruit juice and flower nectar.
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dna replication involves unwinding two strands of parent dna, copying each strand to synthesize complementary strands, and releasing the parent and daughter dna. which of the following accurately describes this process?
The process of DNA replication involves unwinding the two strands of parental DNA, copying each strand to synthesize complementary strands, and releasing the parent and daughter DNA is an anabolic process.
An anabolic process is a constructive process in which complex molecules are synthesized from simple molecules.
Such as photosynthesis and glycogen synthesis that produce complex molecules. This is because DNA replication synthesizes long double-stranded polynucleotides that are coiled from a single strand (as in semi-conservative replication). Therefore, we can conclude that it is an anabolic process.
Thus, the process of DNA replication involves unwinding the two strands of the parental DNA, copying each strand to synthesize a complementary strand, and liberating the parent and daughter DNA is an anabolic process.
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------ is the result of the transduction of air pressure waves into neural messages that are interpreted by the brain. smelling audition singing breathing
Answer Hearing
Hearing is the result of the transduction of air pressure waves into neural messages that are interpreted by the brain. smelling audition singing breathing .
Hearing is the process of interpreting auditory input by detecting ear vibrations. Our auditory system's job is to convert the pressure wave differences that travel through the air into electrical impulses.
The ear is responsible for the capture, processing, and transduction of sound stimuli; it receives sound and converts it into a neural message. The brain is in charge of the stage of neural processing, where the various auditory sensations take place, and it is responsible for decoding the message to comprehend perception.
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This creature feeds mainly on small vertebrates, but sometimes also may take plant material.
A creature that feeds mainly on small vertebrates, but sometimes also may take plant material is called an omnivore animal.
What is an omnivore animal?An omnivore animal is any type of organism from the animal kingdom whose food is based on different sources such as in this case other animals (invertebrates) and also plants (producer organisms).
Conversely, an herbivore is an animal that only eats plant sources, while a carnivore is a type of animal that only consumes other animals. All these categories play fundamental roles in the food chain because they maintain the delicate equilibrium in an ecosystem.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that an omnivore animal is an animal that is able to eat both animals and plant sources, thereby its diet is based on organisms from two different kingdoms (in this case from the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia).
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What are 4 text structures examples?.
I hope this helps!!!!
Explain how this experiment models a cell membrane. Use the following terms in your explanation: selectively permeable, hypertonic, diffusion, indicator. Highlight each of these words in your explanation.
The cell membrane is thought of as the cell's outer boundary and is selectively permeable, allowing diffusion of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as water and micronutrients.
How can cell membranes provide for specific permeability?The cell membrane is referred to as selectively permeable since only certain molecules can pass through it. Only certain types of molecules, such as water and gaseous molecules, can directly pass through cell membranes.
Model membrane system: what is it?The characteristics of the lipids in membranes have been extensively revealed through the use of membrane model systems. The multilamellar liposome is one of the most used model membrane systems.
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John relies solely on his vision to sit, walk, and stand erect. If someone turns off the lights, he loses all control of movement and crumples to the floor like a rag doll. Most likely, John has lost the functioning of his ______.A) proprioception senseB) vestibular senseC) interoceptive senseD) skin sense
Based on the explanation above, John has lost the vestibular sense function. (B)
Vestibular senseVestibular is located in the inner ear, however this sensory system is very influential on the balance of the human body, gravity and also movement. The vestibular is responsible for maintaining one's balance when moving. The vestibular sense is an internal sense whose job is to regulate balance when the body moves.
Someone who has disturbances in this sensory system, with hypersensitivity a person can be afraid of simple movements, for example going on a swing, refusing to be carried, afraid to take lifts, escalators and often feels anxious.
While the proprioceptive sense is an internal sense whose job is to give messages about body position and movements made by a person
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what types of information may be gathered to aid in the identification of a microbiological specimen?
The macroscopic appearance, pharmacological sensitivity, genetic typing, physiological qualities, and immunological characteristics can all be used to gather information to help identify a microbe.
Identification of bacteria (including mycobacteria) is based on growth characteristics, colony and microscopic morphology, biochemical, physiologic, and, in some cases, antigenic or nucleotide sequence characteristics. Growth characteristics include the time it takes for growth to appear or the environment in which growth occurs.The identification of microbe can be done using chromogenic media, microscopy, biochemical, and molecular methods.
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what is the ph of chyme just before entering the small intestine?
The pH of chyme just before entering the small intestine simply is 2 on the dot.
What is meant by the pH of a medium?The pH of a medium can simply be defined as the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance or the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a given medium.
From the task given in the problem above, it has been proven practically true based on research and various experimental evidences that the exact pH of chyme just before entering the small intestine simply is approximately 2. This goes to say that the pH with this regard is strongly acidic. That being said, the pH of substances varies during digestive activities. Digestion refers to the breaking down of food substances into smaller pieces or particles which can easily be digested and, absorbed or assimilated by the body.
So therefore, it can be deduced from the explanation given above that the chyme too has it pH value in the small intestine.
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What is the meaning of perfection in Mahayana Buddhism?.
Perfection is the state of completeness in Mahayana Buddhism in order to attain enlightenment or 'nirvana'.
Perfection is also called 'paramita' in Mahayana Buddhism whose Sanskrit meaning is gone beyond. It is a six-step pathway that leads a person towards enlightenment. There are six 'paramitas', namely: generosity, morality, patience, energy, meditation and wisdom. Th first three perfections are virtuous while the other three are spiritual.
Enlightenment is the state in Buddhism where a person gets above the vicious cycle of birth, death and rebirth. In Sanskrit, it is termed as Nirvana. Once achieved, it is considered that the person understood the real meaning of life leaving behind the sufferings of life.
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what sections of the embedded protein chain are most likely to contain amino acids with hydrophillic r-groups? explain your reasoning
Most likely to have hydrophilic R-groups are the entrance and exit regions of the protein, which are located on the membrane's surface.
Typically regions with high levels of tyrosine, glutamine, aspartate, serine, and threonine. These hydrophilic regions are frequently exposed as places to interact with things beyond the membrane and the matrix. It enables them to attach to external substances and transport them to hydrophobic amino acids found inside the cellular matrix.
What parts of a membrane protein are hydrophilic?
An integral membrane protein often has hydrophobic regions inside the membrane and hydrophilic regions that are accessible to the cytoplasm or extracellular fluid.
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What are the three 3 types of chronological order?.
The three types of chronological order are Chronological, Sequential, and Consecutive Order.
The term "chronological order" often refers to the chronological sequence of events. The time chunks might go forward or backward. This structure is effective for conveying a narrative. Historical events are often narrated in chronological sequence.
Steps in a process or occurrence are often referred to in a sequential Order. When following step-by-step instructions, this pattern functions nicely. This motif is used in cookbooks and owner's manuals. Sequential arrangement may demonstrate a process.
Consecutive order denotes happening in that sequence. This might be a few days' worth of time. Any recurring time periods, such as every year, every month, and so on, are considered consecutive. Consecutive order frequently refers to numerical values. Here are some examples of consecutive numbers: 1, 2, 3, 9, and 11. Writing in sequential sequence is not a style.
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The probability that a student at a local high school fails the screening test for scoliosis (curvature of the spine) is known to be 0.004. Of the next 1875 students at the school who are screened for scoliosis, find the probability that (a) fewer than 5 fail the test; (b) 8, 9, or 10 fail the test.
A scoliosis screening is a quick, noninvasive test carried out by a skilled expert, such as your child's physician or school nurse, to see if your child's spine might be curved and require evaluation by a pediatric orthopedic specialist.
When should scoliosis screening begin?Although idiopathic scoliosis is more frequently found during a child's development spurt, children can be examined at any age (10 to 15 years old).
Why isn't scoliosis screening advised?The direct negative effects of screening are uncertain, though. Unnecessary follow-up visits, a higher risk of cancer from radiation exposure, overtreatment, or psychosocial repercussions from the diagnosis of clinically insignificant scoliosis are a few potential negative impacts of false-positive results.
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How often should knives be cleaned?.
Wash your knife with dish soap and warm water after each use. Rinse with clear water. Air-dry or pat dry with clean paper towels. deal with kitchen knives cleaned by way of their handles; don't pile them into the sink or dishpan, however, wash them one after the other and rack them with handles up.
Knives of all kinds must be regularly wiped clean so that they live rust-free, sharp, and free of bacteria. You ought to also use special care while dealing with them and retaining the knives smoothly. in the end, it is best to clean and sanitize the knife after every use.
Clean knives lessen the hazard of expensive accidents and save you from the needless spread of germs and bacteria. Having a knife carrier way you may have sharp knives all the time, so it is very crucial to have a system for secure knife cleaning.
All food-touch surfaces must be cleaned and sanitized after they're used; before meals handlers start running with a distinctive sort of food; any time meals handlers are interrupted at some stage in a venture and the objects being used may also have been contaminated, after four hours if gadgets are in constant use.
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How can you prevent biological contamination?.
To minimize the risk of biological contamination in grocery stores, always: Keep high-risk foods (meat, poultry, dairy, eggs, etc.) out of the temperature danger zone.
What is biological contamination?Biological contamination occurs when food is contaminated by organisms or substances produced by them. This includes biological substances produced by humans, rodents, insects and microorganismsBiological contaminants include bacteria, viruses, pet dander, cat saliva, house dust, mites, cockroaches, and pollenWhat are some ways to prevent biological contamination?Proper hand washing is one of the most effective ways to prevent bacterial and viral contamination and save lives. Hands should be washed before and after preparing food and after using the restroom, eating, smoking or handling garbage.
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atp, a higher-energy molecule than adp, is synthesized from adp in the electron transport chain. given that molecules cannot go from a lower energy to a higher energy on their own without an external input of energy, how does the energy for this reaction enter the system?
When NADH and FADH2 transfer their high-energy electrons through the electron transport chain, their energy is used to move hydrogen ions over the membrane and into the intermembrane space through chemiosmosis, leading to the accumulation of a charge differential.
What is Electron transport chain ?The transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox processes is associated with the association of protons across a membrane by a group of protein complexes and other molecules known as an electron transport chain.
The electron transport chain, commonly referred to as the oxidative phosphorylation process, is made up of four protein complexes that work together to combine redox events to create an electrochemical gradient that leads to the synthesis of ATP. In mitochondria, both cellular respiration and photosynthesis take occur.To carry out the everyday essential functions necessary for survival, cells need energy. This energy is generated in the mitochondria, which rely on the electron transport chain.To know more about Electron transport chain please click here ; https://brainly.com/question/18686654
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although certain core criteria are required for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, other behavioral, cognitive, genetic, and medical features are often seen in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. this pattern of behaviors and other features have led psychologists to . group of answer choices search for explanations for the prevalence of autism. argue that autism is heterogeneous and the search is on for more homogeneous subgroups. conclude that autism is homogeneous and the search is on for the variables that predict the onset of asd. search for better data on the incidence of autism.
Certain core criteria are required for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, other behavioral, cognitive, genetic, and medical features are often seen in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, this pattern of behaviors and other features have led psychologists to: B. argue that autism is heterogeneous and the search is on for more homogeneous subgroups.
What is autism?In Medicine, autism is sometimes referred to as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and it can be defined as a developmental and personality disorder, which is mainly characterized by difficulty in social interaction, communication and restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior.
Generally speaking, modern diagnosis and treatment programs developed by psychologists for patients that are diagnosed with autism typically involve basic skills training and they are mostly heterogeneous, while searches are in view for homogeneous subgroups.
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A woman suffers from hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, and skeletal muscle wasting. Lab tests reveal high circulating levels of acth. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of her symptoms?.
Hypercortisolism due to an ACTH- sectreting tumor of the anterior pituitary.
High blood sugar, often known as hyperglycemia, is a sign of diabetes. Diabetes can arise as a result of insufficient insulin synthesis, insulin resistance, or both. Carbohydrates are converted by the body into simple sugars that are absorbed into the bloodstream when consumed.
What is Hyperglycemia ?There are causes of high blood sugar besides underlying diseases. Examples include recently eating a meal with a lot of carbohydrates or experiencing pharmaceutical side effects.
It is best to repeat the test to ensure accuracy if a medical examination reveals elevated blood sugar. Taking insulin or diabetic medicine as prescribed by the doctor may aid in blood sugar control. Regular exercise may also be beneficial.
Hyperglycemia symptoms appear gradually over days or weeks. The severity of the symptoms may increase the longer blood sugar levels are elevated.
Beware of:
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which statement is true?a. a virion contains dna and rnab. viruses are acellular c. viruses replicate outside of the cell d. most viruses are visualized with a light microscopee. none of the above
Viruses are acellular organism, they are exception to cell theory.
A virus is an infectious microbe made up of a protein-coated segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA). A virus can't replicate by itself; it needs to infect cells in order to use the host cell's components to make copies of itself.
For instance, COVID-19, Ebola, and HIV are all viruses, as are the common cold and the flu. Even minor viral infections in healthy people can become quite serious for those with compromised immune systems.
Viruses "hijack" your body's healthy, living cells. You get sick because they utilize these cells as a means of reproduction and growth before ultimately destroying the host cell.
Hence, virus are non cellular particles need living system to reproduce.
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What is the reducing agent in the redox reaction represented by the following cell notation? ba (s) | ba 2+ (aq) || li+ (aq) | li (s).
Barium (Ba) is the reducing agent in the redox reaction represented by the following cell notation.
A chemical species that "donates" an electron to another chemical species is referred to as a reducing agent.
The ionic equation for the given cell is as;
Ba (s) | Ba⁺² (aq) || Li⁺ (aq) | li (s).
The Half-reaction of the cell is as;
Oxidation half-reaction:
Ba (s) → Ba (aq) + 2e⁻
Reduction half-reaction:
Li⁺ (aq) + e⁻ → Li (s) ( × 2)
It is clear from the above-mentioned half-reactions that, barium is oxidizing so we call it the reducing agent, as it reduces lithium.
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Which are components of a visceral reflex arc?
Efferent neurons
Receptor in the stomach
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Receptor in the epidermis
Afferent neurons
The components of a visceral reflex arc are: receptor in the stomach - afferent neurons - efferent neurons - smooth muscle.
What is a visceral reflex?The visceral reflex is the one that will carry out the movement of the involuntary processes, they will be in charge of sending the impulses to the smooth muscle. The smooth muscle will be mainly in the visceral organs (stomach, intestine, lung, etc).
The sensory signals will enter through the receptors located in the organs and will reach the autonomic ganglia (located parallel to the spine), spinal cord or the brain stem, generating reflex responses that are returned to the organs to control their activity.
Therefore, we can confirm that the components of a visceral reflex arc are: receptor in the stomach - afferent neurons - efferent neurons - smooth muscle.
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How many base pairs per gene are in the human genome?.
The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for human beings, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in mobile nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within-person mitochondria. those are usually handled one at a time as the nuclear genome and the mitochondrial genome.
An organism's whole set of DNA is referred to as its genome. simply every single mobile in the body carries a whole replica of the approximately 3 billion DNA base pairs, or letters, that make up the human genome. With its 4-letter language, DNA includes the information had to build the whole human body.
A genome is all of the genetic fabric in an organism. it's miles product of DNA (or RNA in a few viruses) and includes genes and different factors that manipulate the interest of these genes. every person has an identical genome The human genome is mostly the same in each person.
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