If an organism with a particular genotype fails to produce the corresponding phenotype, the organism is said to be non-penetrant for the trait.
Non- penetrance is an instance in which an individual has a trait-associated or disease-causing genetic variant, but the individual does not have the phenotype.
The individual in whom such a nonpenetrant mutant gene exists will be phenotypically normal but still capable of passing the deleterious gene on to offspring, who may exhibit the full-blown disease.
An example of non-penetrance is a woman with a BRCA1 pathogenic variant who lives to be elderly and never develops breast or ovarian cancer.
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When we want to get a bacterium to make a chemical normally made by a human, we take the gene from the human and put it into the bacterium by using?
When we want to get a bacterium to make a chemical normally made by a human, we take the gene from the human and put it into the bacterium by using a bacterial enzyme known as DNA ligase
What is are bacteria?Bacterial are microscopic unicellular organisms which are made of prokaryotic cells. They reproduce asexually.
Some bacteria which are saprophytes; organisms which feed on dead and decaying organisms while some bacteria are parasites.
So therefore, when we want to get a bacterium to make a chemical normally made by a human, we take the gene from the human and put it into the bacterium by using a bacterial enzyme known as DNA ligase
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______________________ spiral movement of growing plants, especially the main stem. group of answer choices twining nodding contraction mutations
Nutation is the bending movement of growing plants, especially the main stem. Thus, option D is correct.
What is nutation?Nutation is defined as bending movements of stems, leaves, roots and other plant organs due to difference in growth in different parts of plant organ.
Nutation is also known as circumnutation and it is a particular class of nastic movements during which organ of plants bends in different directions, resulting in swinging motion.
Plant such as monocotyledons and dicotyledons shows plant nutation.
Nutation is the that takes place when force is absorbed at core and other parts in the direction of gravitational forces.
Therefore, nutation is the spiral movement of growing plants, especially the main stem.Thus, option A is correct.
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During meiosis i, homologous chromosomes undergo crossing over while they are side-by-side in an event called ______.
Answer:
During meiosis i, homologous chromosomes undergo crossing over while they are side-by-side in an event called synapsis.
Explanation:
The synapse's ability to alter as a result of repeated stimulation, reinforcement (such as via reward), or reduction in neurotransmission under other circumstances makes it important. These are referred to as long-term depression or potentiation. Synaptic plasticity, often known as the capacity for change, is what underlies learning in all contexts, including associative learning, associative memory, and episodic memory. You may think of it as residues of neurotransmitters that are reinforced and are used to form memories, routines, and personality traits.
The constancy of the chromosome number from one cell generation to the next is maintained through.
Through mitosis, the number of chromosomes is kept constant from one cell generation to the next.
What occurs during mitosis?A cell divides into two identical daughter cells after duplicating all of its components, including its chromosomes. Due to the importance of this procedure, specific genes carefully regulate each phase of mitosis. Health issues like cancer may develop when mitosis is improperly controlled.
How many phases of mitosis are there?Prophase, pro metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are these stages.
What function does mitosis serve?Mitosis' purpose is to divide the genome so that the two daughter cells inherit an identical and equal number of chromosomes.
Where in the cell cycle does mitosis occur?The mitotic phase, which consists of mitosis and cytokinesis and produces two daughter cells, begins after interphase. Despite the fact that the two processes frequently overlap, mitosis occurs before cytokinesis.
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What is the probability that a woman who is a carrier for the red-green color-blindness allele and a man who is color blind will have a child who is not color blind?
50 percentage of a woman who is a carrier for the red-green color-blindness allele and a man who is color blind will have a child who is not color blind.
What is color blindness?When you are unable to perceive colors normally, you are said to be color blind. It is often referred to as a color deficit.If you're color blind, you see colors differently from the majority of people. Color blindness frequently makes it challenging to distinguish between particular hues. Color blindness typically runs in families.Protanomaly, a reduced sensitivity to red light, deuteranomaly, a reduced sensitivity to green light, and tritanomaly, a lower sensitivity to blue light, are the several forms of anomalous conditions.Except when the color vision issue is caused by the use of specific medications or eye disorders, there are no therapies for the majority of color vision issues. Better color vision could be attained by stopping the medicine that's causing your vision issues or by managing the underlying eye condition.Learn more about color blindness here:
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As the ozone hole gets more pronounced, with time, one expects the incidence of skin cancer to?
As the ozone hole gets more pronounced with time, the incidence of skin cancer will increase.
What is ozone depletion?Reduced levels of ozone in the ozone layer present in the stratosphere of the atmosphere is called ozone depletion. The ozone layer is important for protection against the UV-B radiation of the sun. Exposure to this radiation results in skin cancer.
Ozone depletion has increased the level of the UV-B rays that reach the earth. Although sunlight has some amount of UV-B, but most of it is absorbed by the ozone layer.
Exposure to UV-B has increased the number of cases of non-melanoma skin cancers. It has also been reported to be the cause of cataracts.
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The careful combination of various plant proteins to create a complete amino acid profile in one meal is called:____.
The careful combination of various plant proteins to create a complete amino acid profile in one meal is called Complete protein.
The complete protein is said when all the nine essential amino acids in the same amount are provided.
What are the amino acids and its types in humans and plants?Amino acids are a requirement for our body as the non-essential amino acids are produced in our body.
The essential amino acids are those amino acids that are not made by the body and that have to be taken from outside and should be added to the diet regularly for the better functioning of our body.
The nine essential amino acids are Histidine, Isoleucine, Valine, Leucine, Methionine, Lysine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Phenylalanine.
The different plant proteins that create a complete amino acid profile are Quinoa. There are others too that have essential amino acids.
The Plants are the ones that produce all 21 types of amino acids both essential and non-essential amino acids. Animals and humans are unable to produce essential amino acids.
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What are the two basic ""ingredients"" for the synthesis of thyroid hormone?
a. tyrosine and calcium
b. arginine and iodine
c. lysine and calcium
d. tyrosine and iodine
e. dopamine and iron
The synthesis of thyroid hormones requires the iodination of tyrosine molecules and the combination of two iodinated tyrosine residues. thus option D is correct.
What is the function of hormone ?The primary function of a hormone to regulate secreted hormone from endocrine gland is classified functionally as a tropic. The glands of endocrine system create chemical messengers called hormones and it can travel through the blood to various regions of the body.
There are different types of glands such as pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, and adrenal glands where Hormones are created and secreted (released) by these glands,
These hormones are situated in the glands and secreted throughout your body, most important glands are adrenal glands include two glands located on top of the kidneys that produce the hormone cortisol.
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True or false?
A researcher interested in the process of adjustment to prosthetic limb use would conduct phenomenological research.
A researcher interested in the process of adjustment to prosthetic limb use would conduct phenomenological research: False.
Phenomenological research is a qualitative studies approach that seeks to recognize and describe the commonplace essence of a phenomenon. The method investigates the everyday experiences of humans at the identical time as postponing the researchers' preconceived assumptions approximately the phenomenon.
The motive of Phenomenological studies is to light up the precise, to discover phenomena via how they're perceived by way of the actors in a situation.
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What does a vaccine contain? live active pathogens t cells against a pathogen weakened or killed pathogen or parts of a pathogen b cells against a pathogen
Vaccine contain weakened or killed pathogen or parts of a pathogen.
Blended vaccines contain whole bacteria or viruses which have been “weakened”(attenuated) so that they create a protective immune response but do not cause disease in healthy people. Vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, and nasal spray flu vaccines contain live, but weakened viruses. Vaccination is a simple, safe, and effective way of protecting you against life threatening diseases, before you come into contact with them. It uses your body's natural defenses to build resistance to specific infections and makes your immune system stronger. Vaccines are usually administered through needle injections, but some can be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose.
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When this ring is compromised, the gel-like nucleus, which is called the ________________ can ooze out and compress the spinal cord or a spinal nerve
Answer:
Nucleus Pulposus
Explanation:
The intervertebral discs are the shock-absorbing cushions between each pair of vertebrae in your spine. Each disc has a strong outer ring of fibers, called the annulus, and a soft, gelatinous center, called the nucleus pulposus.
What is the relationship between light intensity and ATP production?
Answer:
The more light there is, the more chlorophyll absorbs it, which means there are more electrons being transported from the chlorophyll, and while they are being transported, they create not only more ATP but NADPH2
Explanation:
A 3-year-old child becomes nervous as he runs screaming into his parents’ room. What might the boy’s mother, a neurologist, notice about the child?
The boy's mother, a neurologist noticed sympathetic activation of the radial muscles of the iris dilated the child's pupil.
In humans, the dilator muscles of the iris contains fibers that extend radially through the iris of the eye and involuntarily contract as available light decreases, thus dilating the pupil.
Pupillary dilation is controlled primarily by the sympathetic nervous system and interruption of the innervation of the dilator muscle can cause an abnormally small pupil, a condition seen as part of Horner syndrome.
Pupillary dilator increases the size of the pupil to allow more light to enter the eyes. It works in opposition to the pupillary constrictor. The pupil dilation occurs when there is an insufficient light for the normal functioning of eyes or during heightened sympathetic activity, for example during fear .
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In pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment, the importance of the s-shaped curves in the flasks was twofold. the curves allowed entry of air but excluded?
Answer: The exclusion of microbes, such as bacteria and spores.
Explanation:
The swan-neck flask broth was able to remain sterile because the "dips" of the flask's neck acted as a reservoir to contain microbes that managed to get in through the open mouth.
When exposure to ionizing radiation causes proliferation of the white blood cells, the radiation-induced disease that occurs is:_______.
When exposure to ionizing radiation causes proliferation of the white blood cells, the radiation-induced disease that occurs is Anemia.
The radiation could pass through the cell without damaging the DNA. The radiation could damage the cell's DNA, but the DNA repairs itself . X-ray photons collide with important cell chemicals and break them apart by ionization, causing critical damage to large molecules. Based on the assumption that radiation can cause chemical damage to the cell by ionizing the water within it .Radiation works by damaging the genes (DNA) in cells. Genes control how cells grow and divide. When radiation damages the genes of cancer cells, they can't grow and divide any more. Over time, the cells die.
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In gluconeogenesis, organisms use atp to make glucose, then in cellular respiration they break down the glucose again to get energy. why not just store the atp? (select all that apply. )
In gluconeogenesis is synthesis of new glucose from noncarbohyhate precursors, provides glucose when dietary intake is sufficient.It is essential for regulation of acid base balance,amino acid metabolism and synthesis of carbohydrates.
It is the process of glucose synthesis. Glycoysis run backwards, three new reaction happen which involve new enzymes , make the standard free energy favorable. When every molecule of glucose synthesis from two molecules of pyruvate , 4ATP, 2GTP, 2NADH are used.
When the energy charge of the cell drops, the cell begins producing more ATP by glycolysis and turn off gluconeogenesis to conserve the ATP molecules.This process are stimulated and inhibited by similar allosteric effectors that bins to specific site on enzymes.
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What is the biological growth process that explains why most children begin walking by about 12 to 15 months?
Maturation is the biological growth process that explains why most children begin walking by about 12 to 15 months.
Development of walking signifies maturation of neuromuscular areas exemplifying Flexibility and Fluency. Maturation of a children walking into an adult is important.
Children usually start to walk from 8 months to 18 months before this they usually crawl. Most children cannot make independent steps upto 12 months.
Children start making mature steps holding their hands and try moving with keeping their foot together. During the initial years the child is developing coordination and muscle strength in every part of the body.
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Do you think the genetic disorders you identified in part a or b would appear in a person’s dna fingerprinting profile? explain your reasoning.
Yes, I believe a person's DNA fingerprint profile would show genetic problems.
It would be visible in a person's DNA fingerprint profile because everyone has some variation in their DNA and genetic abnormalities can be detected in DNA.
What is DNA fingerprinting?The nucleotide sequences of specific areas of human DNA that are particular to each person are utilized in the laboratory procedure known as DNA fingerprinting to ascertain a person's likely identification.
What are genetic disorders?A genetic disorder is a condition that is wholly or partially brought on by a deviation from the typical DNA sequence. A single gene mutation (monogenic disorder), numerous gene mutations (multifactorial inheritance disorder), a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or chromosome damage can all result in genetic illnesses.Learn more about genetic disorders here:
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__________ is the situation when one hormone cannot exert its full effects without another hormone being present
Permissiveness is the case when one hormone cannot exert its full effect in the absence of another hormone.
What is permissiveness?Permissiveness is the condition when a hormone cannot fully exert its effects in the absence of some other hormone. When two or more hormones generate the very same effects in a target cell, the effects are amplified.
Permissiveness is a biochemical phenomenon in endocrinology in which the existence of one hormone is required for yet another hormone to exert its full impact on a target cell.
The permissive effect, which occurs when one hormone is present and allows some other hormone to act.
Thus, the answer is permissiveness.
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What effect does stimulating the vagus nerve have on heart rate? from which subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ans) does the vagus nerve carry motor fibers?
What happens when vagus nerve is stimulated?
Vagus nerve stimulation stabilizes aberrant electrical activity in the brain by stimulating the vagus nerve with the help of an implanted pulse generator and lead wire. Anti-seizure medications don't completely work for about one-third of epilepsy patients.Why is vagus nerve stimulation used?
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) uses the vagus nerve to provide regular, gentle electrical pulses to the brain in an effort to prevent or decrease seizure activity. The procedure involves implanting a device under the skin in the left chest area.Learn more about vagus nerve stimulation
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Each of pollan's chapters focuses on one particular plant and pollan suggests that each plant satisfies a specific human desire. Which desire does pollan associate with the potato?
Each of pollan's chapters focuses on one particular plant and pollan suggests that each plant satisfies a specific human desire. The potato satisfies our desire for control – even more so now that we control its genes.
Though people might consider potatoes ordinary everyday fare, history demonstrates how crucial this vegetable is to humankind. Prior to the invention of the potato, conditions were challenging; many people, particularly in northern European nations, suffered from starvation and famine.
Malnutrition and starvation were eradicated in the countries that embraced the potato, and as a result, they grew stronger and more powerful. It is even conceivable that the potato spread resulted in a transfer of power from southern European nations to northern ones.
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The complex of dna and protein that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome is properly called __________.
The complex of DNA and protein that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome is properly called chromatin.
What is the structure and function of chromatin?Eukaryotic cells nuclei include a combination of macromolecules called chromatin, which is made up of DNA, RNA, and protein. Heterochromatin (condensed) and euchromatin are the two types of chromatin (extended). The main proteins that make up chromatin are termed histones, which act as bases for the DNA to wrap around to form the "bead-like" structures known as nucleosomes. A nucleosome is made up of 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octomer, which is a collection of 8 histones. The chromatin fibre can be created by further folding the nucleosome. To create chromosomes, chromatin fibres are coiling and condensing. Numerous cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, genetic recombination, and cell division, are made possible by chromatin.Learn more about chromatin here:
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Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of _____ when _____ is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells.
Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of fats when glucose is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells.
Ketone bodies are the substances which are produced by the liver during gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis involves formation of glucose during fasting and starvation. The three ketone bodies produced by the liver include acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone.
These compounds are utilized in healthy individuals to provide energy to the cells of the body when glucose is low or absent in the diet.
During fasting or starvation, the glucose levels in the blood quickly decrease which stimulates the body to enter the post-absorptive state. In this state, the body starts converting fat back into fatty acids, glycogen into glucose, and even starts breaking down amino acids for energy.
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Which cell structure distinguishes members of domain eukarya from other organisms?
Answer:
Nucleus
Explanation:
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope, eukaryotes are distinguished from prokaryotes(another Domain) which are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus, and other membrane-bound organelles.
Archaea is another domain but does not have a nucleus.
Nucleus is cell structure distinguishes members of domain eukarya from other organisms.
What is Nucleus?A nucleus is the organelle within a cell that is membrane-enclosed and houses the chromosomes.
The nuclear membrane has a variety of pores that enable the selective passage of specific molecules (such proteins and nucleic acids) into and out of the nucleus.
When you look at a photograph of a cell, one of the parts that stands out the most is the nucleus. All of the cell's chromosomes, which contain the genetic material that is encoded, are located in the nucleus, which is in the center of the cell.
Therefore, Nucleus is cell structure distinguishes members of domain eukarya from other organisms.
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2. To know more about preservatives.
To know about the different methods of preservation.
a) Collect the wrappers of frozen and canned food items and milk.
b) Find about the preservatives present in these food items.
c) List the various preservatives and methods of their preservation.
A chemical preservative stops items from decomposing. Some preservatives are used to cure wood or metal, while others are applied to food. Food preservation is "the science that deals with the process of preventing food from decaying or spoiling so that it can be stored in a fit condition for future use." Food quality, edibility, and nutritional content are all guaranteed via preservation.
They are not tainted with harmful substances or dangerous organisms.It does not lose its excellent color, texture, taste, or nutritional content.What are the different methods of Food Preservation?Drying: The oldest method of food preservation is drying. By using this technique, water activity is reduced, preventing bacterial growth. Drying makes food lighter so it can be transported more readily. Modern drying methods include bed dryers, fluidized bed dryers, freeze drying, shelf dryers, spray drying, commercial food dehydrators, and household ovens, in addition to the traditional methods of using the sun and wind. Examples of dried items using this technique include meat and fruits, apples, apricots, and grapes.
Freezing: Food prepared and frozen is kept in cold storage. Although potatoes can be controlled in dark areas, potato preparations must be frozen.
Smoking: Food is cooked, flavored, and preserved through smoking, which exposes it to wood smoke. Meats and fish are typically smoked because the smoke has antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Assorted smoking techniques are employed, including hot smoking, cold smoking, smoke roasting, and smoke baking. Smoking increases the risk of cancer when used as a preservative.
Vacuum packing creates: By making bottles and bags impermeable, vacuum packing creates a vacuum. Bacteria perish because there is no oxygen in the newly generated vacuum. Typically applied to dry fruit.
Salting and Pickling: Curing, commonly referred to as salting, removes moisture from goods like meat. Pickling is the process of preserving food in a salt solution (brine) or vinegar (acetic acid); in Asia, food is sometimes preserved in oil. At a 20% concentration, salt kills and stops the growth of microorganisms. Pickling can be done in many ways, including chemical pickling and fermentation pickling. To extend the shelf life of commercial pickles, sodium benzoate or EDTA is added.
Sugar: Fruits can be preserved with sugar in syrup form or crystallized form, depending on whether the material to be preserved is boiled in the sugar until it crystallizes, like candied peel and ginger. Another use is for fruit superficially coated in sugar syrup and then glazed. Alcohol and sugar are combined with preserving upscale foods like fruit in brandy.
Lye: Lye, also referred to as sodium hydroxide, makes food alkaline and inhibits the growth of microorganisms.
Canning and bottling: Sealing cooked food in sterile bottles and cans is the definition of canning and bottling. Boiling the container destroys or weakens bacteria. Various amounts of time or space are used for cooking food. The food is more at risk of rotting after the can or bottle has been opened.
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Considering pnpp → pnp reaction, would you expect to see more intense or pale color for the reaction that contain the inhibitor? explain
We would not expect see the pale color in presence of inhibitor in PNPP-PNP reaction. PNPP ( P- nitrophenylphosphate) is chromogenic substance for alkaline phosphate , which is clear yellow color. PNP (P- nitro-phenol ) is a colorless and acidic solution.
PNP is stronger acid and it is used as a manufacture drugs, fungicies, insecticides and dyes . Over inhalation of 4-nitro-phenol can causes headache, drowsiness , nausea, and cyanosis.
PNPP is used for detecting alkaline phosphate in ELISA applications. It sis non proteinaceous non -specific substance used to assay protein , alkaline and acid phosphates. And its yellow color is because of maximum of absorbance at 405 nm.
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The energy required to drive the synthesis of the majority of the atp generated during aerobic respiration comes most directly from?
The energy required to drive the synthesis of the majority of the ATP generated during aerobic respiration comes most directly from: the flow of protons through an ATP synthase complex.
What happens during aerobic respiration?It is a process of cellular respiration occurring in the presence of oxygen to generate ATP (energy) from food.It is the most common type of respiration in plants and animals including humans, generating water, CO2 and energy as end products.The 3 stages of aerobic respiration are: glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.Glycolysis is an anaerobic process.During oxidative phosphorylation, the hydrogen ions combine with oxygen to form water and at the same time the electrons pass along an electron transfer chain and their energy is utilized to form ATP molecules.In aerobic respiration, 38ATP molecules are formed by the oxidation of one molecule of glucose.Learn more about aerobic respiration here:
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Failure to launch refers to a syndrome wherein some children fail to leave home by age _____.
Failure to launch refers to a syndrome wherein some children fail to leave home by age by the age of 30.
What is Failure to Launch Syndrome?Failure to Launch syndrome refers to the inability of young adults to become self-sufficient and taking on adult responsibilities.
Failure to Launch is usually determined by the Age of 30. This limits a persons participation in life because such an individual may be unable to do things or survive alone.
There are a lot of factors that may be responsible for failure to launch. some of these factors may emanate from the child's physical and social environment.
Some other factors that may lead to failure to launch include;
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Is fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activated, inhibited, or unaffected in response to a glucagon signal?
Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase is activated in response to a glucagon signal.
What is the purpose of Glucagon signals?Glucagon signals specify that fuel molecules are required in the bloodstream.So these signals activate Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (F1, 6BP) so as to increase the level of sugar and other fuels required for production of energy.In the process of gluconeogenesis, new glucose molecules are synthesized from other non carbohydrate sources.As glucose is required in the bloodstream so F-1, 6BP should be activated as it acts as a rate limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis.Gluconeogenesis occurs when the dietary intake of glucose is very low. Glucose is required as a source of energy by almost all body cells so in case of less oxygen it is synthesized from other molecules like amino acids.Learn more about gluconeogenesis here:
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What is the term for a somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function?
An independent part of the body that performs a specific function.
What is organ?An organ is a group of tissues together to form a structural unit in biology that has a single purpose.An organ sits between a tissue and an organ system in the hierarchy of life. Similar cell types come together to form tissues that perform a certain purpose.An organ is made up of a variety of tissues that work together to provide a certain function. For instance, the intestinal wall is made of both smooth muscle and epithelial tissue. An organ system, also known as a biological system or body system, is made up of two or more organs that cooperate to carry out a certain physiological function.The abdominal organs can be categorised as hollow or solid. The liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, and adrenal glands are the solid organs. The rectum, gallbladder, bladder, stomach, and intestines are among the hollow organs of the abdomen. A muscular, hollow organ, the heart is located in the thoracic cavity.Learn more about organ here
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