Answer:
2 A
Explanation:
Kirchhoff Laws to the circuit consisting more than two batteries, the current leaving the battery is as same as entering the battery
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a man uses a 900 watt electric iron to press his clothes for an average of 4 hours a week for five weeks if the cost of an electric energy is 3 Kobo per unit calculate the cost of electric energy for pressing
Answer:
[tex] \boxed{\sf54 \: kobo}[/tex]
Explanation:
Energy = Power × Time
Energy = 900× 4 ×5 = 18000 wh
Energy = 18000 wh = 18 kwh
Cost of 1 unit electricity = 3 kobo
cost of 18 unit electricity= 18 × 3 = 54 kobo
Answer:
54 Kobo
Explanation:
Units of electricity are measured in kilowatt hours (kWh).
Given information:
900 watt electric ironAppliance usage = 4 hours a week for 5 weeksUnit cost of electricity = 3 Kobo per kWhStep 1Convert the wattage of the electric iron from watts to kilowatts.
1000 watts (W) = 1 kilowatt (kW)
⇒ 900 watts = 1 ÷ 1000 = 0.9 kilowatts
This means that the power consumption of the electric iron is 0.9 kW per hour of use.
Step 2Total hours spent pressing clothes:
= 4 hours per week for 5 weeks
= 4 × 5
= 20 hours
Total power consumption:
= number of kW × number of hours
= 0.9 × 20
= 18 kWh
Step 3To find the total cost, multiply the total kWh by the cost per kWh:
⇒ Cost = 18 × 3 = 54 Kobo
A tumbleweed rolls from x equals 25.6 m to x equals -14.4 m in 7.90 seconds what was its average velocity
Answer:
5.06 m/s
Explanation:
velocity = distance / time
= ( 25.6 - - 14.4) / 7.90 = 5.06 m/s
What electronic components are often used to prevent large voltage spikes from being produced when the current flow through an inductor is suddenly terminated?
The electronic components are often used to prevent large voltage spikes from being produced when the current flow through an inductor is suddenly terminated is diode.
Inductive fly back refers to the voltage spike created by an inductor when its power supply is suddenly reduced or removed. This voltage spike occurs because the current flowing through the inductor cannot change instantly. The rate at which the current can change is limited by the inductor's time constant.
Diodes are used to protect circuits by limiting the voltage and to also transform AC into DC. Semiconductors like silicon and germanium are used to make the most of the diodes. Even though they transmit current in a single direction, the way with which they transmit differs. There are different kinds of diodes and each type has its own applications.
Voltage spikes occur when the current flow through an inductor stops and the current decreases exponentially. The electronic device "diode" is used to prevent induced voltage spikes because of the current flow in the forward direction and stops the current in the reverse direction.
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The voltage drop across an inductor in a circuit with a dc voltage source at time>> 5*time-constant is:_________
The voltage drop across an inductor in a circuit with a dc voltage source at time>> 5*time-constant is more than as compared to first case because the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change of current which is a maximum at the start when the current and the voltage across the resistor are zero.
As time progresses the current increases at a slower rate as does the voltage across the resistor but the voltage across the inductor decreases.
The voltage drop is proportional to the current, which is the rate-change of the charge. Inductors: V = L (DI/Dt). The voltage drop across the inductor is proportional to the rate-change of the current.
How do you calculate voltage drop in an inductor?The formula which calculates the inductor voltage is
V= Ldi/dt,
where,
V is the voltage across the inductor,
L is the inductance of the inductor,
di/dt is the derivative of the current flowing across the inductor.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The voltage drop across an inductor in a circuit with a dc voltage source at time>> 5*time-constant is more than as compared to first case because the voltage across the inductor is proportional to the rate of change of current which is a maximum at the start when the current and the voltage across the resistor are zero.
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I WILL MARK U BRAINLIEST IF U CAN ANSWER THIS QUESTION!!
Answer:
The answer is (d) is totally reflected
Explanation:
Using the total internal reflection concept.
This concept state that:
"If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle then the light will not refract but it will reflect back totally"
Using the above statement, as incident angle is 42 degree and critical angle is 41 degree it means incident angle is greater than the critical angle. Therefore, light will not refract but it will totally reflected.
A cardiac pacemaker can be affected by a static magnetic field as small as 1. 7 mt. how close can a pacemaker wearer come to a long, straight wire carrying 28 a?
A cardiac pacemaker can be affected by a static magnetic field as small as 1. 7 mt. pacemaker wearer comes to a long, straight wire carrying 28 amperes.
A pacemaker is a device that regulates an unsteady heartbeat. A pacemaker is inserted into one or more cardiac chambers using flexible, insulated wires called leads. The electrical pulses needed to change the heart rate are delivered by these lines. Some of the most recent pacemakers don't need leads.
The risk of problems is often quite low while having a pacemaker put. The primary worry is that the pacemaker will no longer be able to regulate the heartbeat due to a malfunction or a wire that has moved out of place. The average patient lived 101.9 months (or 8.5 years) after having a pacemaker implanted; at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years later, 65.6%, 44.8%, 30.8%, and 21.4% of patients were still living, respectively.
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The closest distance peacemaker come to is r=3mm.
How to find closest distance?Given data:-
B=1.7mt.
I=28A.
by using the equation B=(μ₀I)/2πr
r=μ₀I/2πB
r=[tex]\frac{4\pi *10^{-7} Tm/A *28A}{2\pi (0.0017T)}[/tex]
r=32*[tex]10^{-4}[/tex]m
r=3.2mm.
thus from the above conclusion we can say that when magnetic field is 1.7mt and current =28A then pacemaker can come close r=3.2mm.
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Summarize the current state of knowledge about extrasolar planet masses and sizes. Based on the evidence, is it likely that smaller planets or larger planets are more common?
Extrasolar planet mass can be ten times as that of earth and it's size can be twice as that of earth.
GJ 504b is the planet having lowest mass detected around sun.
HAT-O-67b is the planet having the highest mass with diameter twice as that of Jupiter.
Results show that there are more small planets than the large ones which indicates that small planets are dominant in the galaxy.
Earth-sized planets are common in the galaxy.
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0.7-kg of r-134a is expanded isentropically from 800 kpa and 50°c to 140 kpa. determine the total heat transfer and work production for this expansion.
There will be no heat transmission, and the system's work is 25.27 Kj.
The calculation for total heat transfer and work production:
Provided,
The mass of r-134a = 0.7 kg
Initial pressure of the system, P₁ = 800 kpa
Initial temperature of r-134a, T₁ = 50°C = 273+ 50 = 323 K
Final pressure of the system, P₂ = 140 kpa
From the superheated refrigerant r-134a
P₁ = 800 kpa & T₁ = 50°C
the internal energy, u₁ = 263.87 Kj/kg &
the entropy, s₁ = 0.9803 Kj/kg .K
There won't be any heat transmission because the process is isentropic.
So, Q = 0 KJ
Due to the isentropic nature of the operation, the ultimate entropy is determined by
s₂ = s₁ = 0.9803 Kj/kg .K
From the r-134a superheated refrigerant
at P₂ = 140 kpa & entropy s₂ = 0.9803 Kj/kg .K
the internal energy,u₂ = 227.77 K/kg
The work on the system is provided by
W = m x (u₂-u₁)
W = 0.7 x(227.77 - 263.87)
W = 0.7 x (-36.1)
W = -25.27 KJ
A negative number means the system is doing the task.
As a result, there won't be any heat transfer, and the system will only have used 25.27 KJ of energy.
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I have provided a picture of the question
Answer:
Explanation:
Formula
Electric Force formula
F = k * q1 * q2 / r^2
Gravitation Force Formula
F = G * m1 * m2 / r^2
Givens
k = 8.99 * 10^9 N m^2/C^2
N = newtons (units of force.m = metersc = coulombs (units of charge.G = 6.67 * 10^-11 N m^2 /kg^2
c_e = c_p = 1.6 * 19 Charge electron / Charge Protonm_e = 9.11 * 10^-31 Mass Electronm_p = 1.67 * 10^27 Mass ProtonSolutions
Fe = 8.99 * 10^9 * 1.6 * 10^-19 ^2/ 8.4 * 10^-11
The force = the electric force constant * the charge of the proton*charge electron/ distance apart in meters. It looks small but actually it is quite large in comparison to the Gravitational Force
Fe = 3.2 * 10^-8 (Answer First Box)
Fg = 6.67 * 10^- 11 * 9.11*10^-31 * 1.67*10^-27 / 8.4 * 10^-11
The gravitational Force is very small. Just look at the powers which come to 10^-68 - -22 = - 46 which is about 6 times smaller than the electric force.
Fg = 1.44 * 10^-47 (Answer Second Box)
A particle moving in a straight line with uniform deceleration has a velocity of 40m/s at point p, 20m/s at point q and comes to rest at point R where QR=50m .Calculate the 1.Distance PQ 2.Time taken to cover PQ 3.Time taken to cover PR
solve for me pls
Answer: 150 metres/5 seconds/5 seconds
Explanation:
Find the acceleration/deceleration
v^2 = u^2 + 2as; v=final velocity u=initial velocity a=acceleration s=distance
0^2 = 20^2 + 2*a*50
a = -4 m/s Therefore, the particle is decelerating at 4 m/s
From there, we can work out PQ
Using the same equation, we get that
20^2 = 40^2 + 2*-4*s
s = 150 m so Distance PQ is 150 metres
Finding the time taken to cover PQ and PR uses a different equation
v = u + at; t = time and everything else is the same
20 = 40 - 4t
t = 5 s so Time taken to cover PQ is 5 seconds
0 = 20 - 4t
t = 5 s so Time taken to cover PR is also 5 seconds
A light bulb operating at 110 v draws 1. 40 a of current. what is its resistance?
the resistance of the circuit containing 110V and 1.42A current will be 78.57 ohm.
To find the answer, we need to know more about the Ohm's law.
How to find the resistance of the circuit?Ohm's law states that, the potential difference across the ends of the conductor is proportional to the current through the conductors.[tex]V[/tex]∝ [tex]I[/tex]
[tex]V=IR[/tex]
where, R is the proportionality constant called resistance of the circuit.
Given that, voltage is 110V, and current is 1.40A, then the resistance will be,[tex]R=\frac{V}{I} =\frac{110}{1.40}=78.57Ohm[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that, the resistance of the circuit containing 110V and 1.42A current will be 78.57 ohm.
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What would be the greatest effect of the finite size of molecules on the ideal gas law?
At high density of the molecules tends to be greater pressure that of molecules and at low density of the molecules tends to be less pressure that of molecules.
It is given that the molecules are in the ideal gas.
It is required to find the greatest effect of the finite size of molecules on the ideal gas law.
What would be the greatest effect of the finite size of molecules on the ideal gas law?According to ideal gas law, at high density of the molecules tends to be greater pressure that of molecules and at low density of the molecules tends to be less pressure that of molecules.
From ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT
Where,
P - Pressure of the molecules
V - Volume of the molecules
n - Total amount of substance
R - Gas constant
T - Temperature of the molecules
As shown from above equation, both the quantities are directly proportional to each other and also ideal gas law follows the kinetic molecular theory where it suggests that the volume of the molecules have negligible point.
Thus, at high density of the molecules tends to be greater pressure that of molecules and at low density of the molecules tends to be less pressure that of molecules.
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A projectile is fired into the air at a 35o angle to the horizontal and an initial velocity of 120 m/s. what are the x and y components of the velocity vector?
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
X component = 120 * cos 35° = 98.298 m/s
Y component = 120 * sin 35° = 68.829 m/s
Any object launched into space with only gravity acting on it is referred to as a projectile. Gravity is the main force affecting a projectile. The x and y components of the velocity vector are 98.298 m/s and 68.829 m/s.
When a particle is thrown obliquely close to the Earth's surface, it travels along a curving route while experiencing constant acceleration. Always pointing in the direction of the Earth's center is this curving path. Such a particle's motion is referred to as projectile motion, and its trajectory is known as the projectile's trajectory.
The components of the projectile are:
X component = 120 × cos 35° = 98.298 m/s
Y component = 120 × sin 35° = 68.829 m/s
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How many kilojoules of energy must be added to 69. 0 grams of water to change the temperature from 33. 0oc to 95. 0oc? (ch2o = 4. 184 j/g oc, 1 kj = 1000 j)
17.90 KJ of energy must be added to 69. 0 grams of water to change the temperature from 33°C to 95°C
Specific heat, the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one Celsius degree. The units of specific heat are usually calories or joules per gram per Celsius degree.
Heat added = H = mc(ΔT )
where,
H = heat
m = mass of water = 69 g
c = specific heat of water = 4.184 J/g/°C
ΔT = change in temperature
H = 69 * 4.184 * ( 95 - 33 )
H = 17899.152 J
= 17.90 KJ
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John and henry are both workers at a retail store. their direct supervisor has told them to maintain quick service above all else. later, their customer relations director tells them that they should always work to maintain excellent customer service above all else. both john and henry are confused as to what their priorities should be. this is an example of a conflict based on ______. a. personality differences b. power struggle c. poor communication d. jealousy please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Poor communication
This is an example of a conflict based on poor communication. Because of the reason is that in customer service a person should have skills to communicate in a good manner. It is important because if the person has this skill that he can communicate with others best.
Then he can impress the customer and realize customer about the qualities of their product. In every kind of business, communication skills play major role. Therefore, both john and Henry are confused as their priorities should be on focus to improve their communication skills.
What is poor communication ?When there is a disconnect between what is said and what is heard, poor communication frequently results. In other words, the individual to whom the communication is being directed misinterprets what you are trying to convey. There is no longer mutual understanding.
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I NEED HELP ASAP
A green filter...
Select one:
a. transmits all other colors except green light.
b. reflects only green light.
c. absorbs only green light.
d. transmits only green light.
Answer:
ig d. transmits only green light.....
Which pairs of subsets of the real number system have no common elements?
Answer:
Odd and even
Explanation:
Odd and even numbers have no common elements
The sun's apparent yearly path across our sky against the background stars would not be described as?
The Sun's apparent yearly path across planet Earth's sky against the background stars wouldn't be described as the celestial equator.
What is a solar system?A solar system can be defined as a collection of the outer and inner planetary (astronomical) bodies alongside the Moon that are in orbit around the Sun, in slightly elliptical orbits.
The planets in the solar system.Basically, there are nine (9) planets in the solar system and these include;
MercuryVenusEarthMarsJupiterUranusNeptunePlutoSaturnBased on astronomical records and information, we can infer and logically deduce that the Sun's apparent yearly path across planet Earth's sky against the background stars wouldn't be described as the celestial equator.
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Two wires meet at a junction, merging into one wire, and 6 a and 4 a flow into the junction. How much current flows out of the junction?
The current flows out of the junction will be Ten Ampere.
To find the answer, we have to know about the Kirchoff's Current Law (KCL).
What is Kirchoff's Current Law (KCL)?KCL states that, in any electrical network, the algebraic sum of currents meeting at a junction will be equal to zero.We can say that the incoming current flow will be equal to the outgoing current flow.In the question it is given that two wires meet at a junction with 4A and 6A currents, merging into one wire and going out.Thus, the total incoming current will be 4+6=10A, and as per KCL which is same as the outgoing current.Thus, we can conclude that the current flows out of the junction will be Ten Ampere.
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A film of soapy water (n = 1. 33) on top of a plastic cutting board (n > 1. 33) has a thickness of 147 nm. what color is most strongly reflected if it is illuminated perpendicular to its surface?
A film of soapy water (n = 1. 33) on top of a plastic cutting board (n > 1. 33) has a thickness of 147 nm. The color that is most strongly reflected if it is illuminated perpendicular to its surface is 294nm.
When the light is reflected it experiences a half of phase change. Then, the ray will be refracted by travelling through the soapy water down due to the refractive index. It will hit the second boundary which is plastic but light does not pass through the plastic. This will again reflect with again half of a phase change.
So, the formula used is:
2t = λ / 2 + λ / 2
Given,
refractive index of soap = 1.33
refractive index of air = 1
The relation between the thickness of the board and the wavelength used is as follows:
2t = λ / 2 + λ / 2
where, t is the thickness
λ is wavelength
On solving,
2t = λ
On substituting in above equation,
2(147) = λ
λ = 294nm
The color that is most strongly reflected if it is illuminated perpendicular to its surface is 294nm.
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According to dr. berenson's study, when obese children reach adulthood, how many times more likely are they have high-blood pressure?
Dr. Berenson's study showed that when obese children reach adulthood they are 8 times more likely to develop high blood pressure than healthy weight children.
Dr. BerensonDr. Berenson (September 19, 1922 – November 22, 2018) was an American cardiologist, heart researcher, and public health expert who specialised in determining the root causes of cardiac conditions. According to Dr. Berenson's foundational research, childhood routines and habits are the root cause of adult heart disease. He also found that compared to people with no cardiovascular risk factors, those with three or four cardiovascular risk factors had atherosclerosis that was noticeably more evident. Dr. Berenson began teaching at Tulane University after being released from the U.S. Navy in 1948. He started a two-year research fellowship at the University of Chicago in 1952, where Dr. Berenson worked on rheumatic fever investigations with Albert Dorfman, the department's chief.
According to dr. berenson's study, when obese children reach adulthood, how many times more likely are they have high-blood pressure?
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A hydrogen atom in the n=7 state decays to the n=4 state. what is the wavelength of the photon that the hydrogen atom emits? use hc=1240 nm ev
A hydrogen atom in the n=7 state decays to the n=4 state. The wavelength of the photon that the hydrogen atom emits is 4592.59nm.
The Energy of photon is the energy possessed by a photon when it moves from a high energy level to a low energy level. It emits a photon of a certain wavelength. The following relation can be used to find out the relation between the energy levels and the energy possessed:
E = 13.6 × Z² (1/n₂² - 1/n₁²) eV
where, n₁ is the initial energy level i.e. n₁ =7
n₂ is the higher energy level i.e. n₂ = 4
E is the energy possessed
Z is the atomic number, Z = 1 for H-atom
Subsituting in above equation,
E = 13.6 (1/16 - 1/49) eV
E = 0.27 eV
We know that,
E = hc / λ
where, h is Planck constant
c is speed of light
λ is wavelength
On subsituting,
0.27 eV = 1240/ λ
⇒ λ = 4592.59 nm
Hence, the wavelength of photon emitted by Hydrogen atom is 4592.59nm.
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What is the total energy transported per hour along a narrow cylindrical laser beam 2. 40 mm in diameter, whose b-field has an rms strength of 1. 30×10−10 t?
The total energy transported per hour along a narrow cylindrical laser beam 2. 40 mm in diameter, whose b-field has a RMS strength of 1. 30×10−10 will be 6.40 × 10⁻⁸J.
Intensity for an electromagnetic wave is energy crossed per second in the direction perpendicular to the propogation of electromagnetic wave which is passing per unit area.
The Intensity for an electromagnetic wave is given by:
I = cε₀E₀²
where c is the speed of light,
E₀ is the maximum value of the electric vector
ε₀ is the permitivitty of medium
I is the intensity
We know that, E = Bc
where, B is the magnetic field
Hence on substituting into the formula:
I= cε₀E₀²
⇒ I= c³ε₀B²
Given,
B = 1.30×10⁻¹⁰ T
So,
I = (3 X 10⁸)³ X (8.85 X 10⁻¹²) x(1.10×10⁻¹⁰)²
⇒ I = 96.37 × 10⁻⁸ W/m²
Energy transported per unit hour is :
E= AIt
where A is the area of beam = πr²
r is the radius of beam used, r = 1.20mm = 0.0012m
t is the time = 1hr = 3600s
On substituting,
E = 2.891 × 10⁻⁶ × πr² × 3600
E = 2.891 X 10⁻⁶ × 3.14 × (0.0012)² x (3600)
E = 6.40 × 10⁻⁸J
Hence, total energy transported per hour along a narrow cylindrical laser beam is 6.40 × 10⁻⁸J.
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(a) Draw a Velocity - Time graph for an Object with Constant Acceleration.
(b) Draw a Velocity - Time graph for an Object with Constant velocity.
(c) In the given graph, compare the acceleration the body undergoes in region A and C.
Explanation:
answers to 1 and 2 above/below respectively but can't do 3 because I don't know what graph you're talking about
How do the current and coltage readings compare to before the wires were switched. Explain how to interpret them physically?
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What is the speed of a transverse wave in a rope of length 3. 1 m and mass 86 g under a tension of 380 n?
117 m/sec is the speed of a transverse wave in a rope of length 3. 1 m and mass 86 g under a tension of 380 n.
The wave speed v is given by
v= √τ/μ
where τ is the tension in the rope and μ is the linear mass density of the rope.
The linear mass density is the mass per unit length of rope :
μ= m / L = (0.086 kg)/(3.1 m)=0.0277 kg/m.
v= [tex]\sqrt{ \frac{380 N}{0.0277 kg/m}}[/tex] = 117.125 m/sec (approx. 117 m/sec
In physics, a transverse wave is a wave whose oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave's advance. This is in contrast to a longitudinal wave which travels in the direction of its oscillations. Water waves are an example of transverse wave.
Transverse waves commonly occur in elastic solids due to the shear stress generated; the oscillations in this case are the displacement of the solid particles away from their relaxed position, in directions perpendicular to the propagation of the wave. These displacements correspond to a local shear deformation of the material. Hence a transverse wave of this nature is called a shear wave. Since fluids cannot resist shear forces while at rest, propagation of transverse waves inside the bulk of fluids is not possible.
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what kind of energy is stored when you squeeze a mattress
Answer:
elastic energy
Explanation:
hope it helps you
Chapter: The Gas Laws
The air in a bicycle tyre has a volume of 1000 cm^3 and a pressure of 2.5 atmospheres. If the air is released (at the same temperature) so its pressure is 1.0 atmosphere, what is the volume of the air?
A bicycle pump has a volume of 100 cm^3 and is now used to pump up the tyre. After 1 stroke of the pump, what is the pressure in the tyre?
1. The volume of the air is 2500 cm³
2. The pressure in the tyre is 2.27 atm
Boyle's law equationP₁V₁ = P₂V₂
Where
P₁ is the initial pressure V₁ is the initial volume V₂ is the new volume P₂ is the new pressure 1. How to determine the new volume Initial pressure (P₁) = 2.5 atmInitial volume (V₁) = 1000 cm³New pressure (P₂) = 1 atmNew volume (V₂) = ?
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
2.5 × 1000 = 1 × V₂
V₂ = 2500 cm³
Thus, the volume of the air is 2500 cm³
2. How to determine the new pressureInitial pressure (P₁) = 2.5 atmInitial volume (V₁) = 1000 cm³New volume (V₂) = 1000 + 100 = 1100 cm³New pressure (P₂) = ?P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
2.5 × 1000 = P₂ × 1100
Divide both sides by 1100
P₂ = (2.5 × 1000) / 1100
P₂ = 2.27 atm
Thus, the pressure in the tyre is 2.27 atm
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Which can store more energy: a 1. 0-μf capacitor rated at 250 v or a 470-pf capacitor rated at 3 kv?
Out of a 1. 0-μf capacitor rated at 250 v or a 470-pf capacitor rated at 3 kV , a 1. 0-μf capacitor rated at 250 v will have more capacitance than the other one .
A capacitor is a two-terminal electrical device that possesses the ability to store energy in the form of an electric charge. It consists of two electrical conductors that are separated by a distance. The space between the conductors may be filled by vacuum or with an insulating material known as a dielectric.
Work has to be done to transfer charges onto a conductor, against the force of repulsion from the already existing charges on it. This work is stored as a potential energy of the electric field of the conductor.
Energy stored in a capacitor1 = 1/2 * C1 * [tex]V1^{2}[/tex]
= 1/2 * ( 1 * [tex]10^{-6}[/tex]) * 250
= 31250 * [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] J
Energy stored in a capacitor2 = 1/2 * C2 * [tex]V2^{2}[/tex]
= 1/2 * ( 470 * [tex]10^{-12}[/tex] ) * [tex](3000)^{2}[/tex]
= 2115 * [tex]10^{-6}[/tex] J
capacitor 1 can store more energy
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An object having a fixed emissivity of 0. 725 radiates heat at a rate of 10 w when it is at an absolute temperature t. If its temperature is doubled to 2t, at what rate will it now radiate?.
The answer is heat radiates at a rate of 160w.
What is emissivity?
A substance's emissivity is a measure of how well it reflects heat radiation from its surface. Infrared radiation, which cannot be seen by human eyes, as well as visible radiation (light) are both examples of thermal radiation, which is electromagnetic radiation. The Stefan-Boltzmann law defines emissivity as the quantitative ratio of a surface's thermal radiation to that of an ideal black surface at the same temperature. The ratio is in the range between 0 and 1.
what is energy radiation?
The ability of a substance to reflect heat radiation from its surface is measured by its emissivity. The material's surface emissivity and the temperature difference between the chip surface and the surrounding air are two factors that affect power dissipation in the form of radiation.
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