if the length and diameter of a wire of circular cross section are both tripled, the resistance will be

The frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments can be calculated by dividing the speed of light by the wavelength of the microwave. The frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments was 10.525 GHz, which is the same as the manufacturer label.

The speed of light is approximately 300 million meters per second, and the wavelength of the microwave can be determined from the standing wave pattern produced. After dividing the speed of light by the wavelength, the frequency of the microwave signal can be determined.
The frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments can then be compared to the manufacturer label. The manufacturer label typically states the frequency of the microwave signal in units of gigahertz (GHz). If the frequency calculated from the standing wave experiments is lower than the frequency indicated on the label, then the experiment was not successful. If the frequency calculated from the standing wave experiments is equal to or greater than the frequency indicated on the label, then the experiment was successful.
In conclusion, the frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments can be calculated by dividing the speed of light by the wavelength of the microwave. The frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments can then be compared to the manufacturer label. If the frequency calculated from the standing wave experiments is equal to or greater than the frequency indicated on the label, then the experiment was successful. In this case, the frequency of the microwave signal from the standing wave experiments was 10.525 GHz, which is the same as the manufacturer label.

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The speed of the wave is 1.8 m/s.

The speed of a wave in a rope is equal to the wavelength divided by the time it takes for a single cycle. In this experiment, the wavelength is 3 m and the time for a single cycle is 1/36 min, so the speed is:

Speed = \frac{3 \text{m}}{\frac{1 \text{min}}{36}} = \frac{3 \times 36 \text{m}}{1 \text{min}} = 108 \text{m/s}

A standing wave experiment is performed to determine the speed of waves in a rope. The rope makes 36 complete vibrational cycles in exactly one minute. If the wavelength is 3 m, The formula for wave speed (v) is given by v = λfWhere,v = Wave speedλ = Wavelength f = Frequency. Since the rope makes 36 complete vibrational cycles in exactly one minute or 60 seconds, its frequency is give by f = Number of cycles/time= 36/60= 0.6 Hz. Substituting the values of wavelength and frequency, we get

v = λf= 3 m × 0.6 Hz= 1.8 m/s

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Answer:

Q = I t        definition of current

Q = .32 Coul/sec * 82 sec = 26.2 coul

The relationship between weight and best range airspeed (VBR) and best endurance airspeed (VBE) is that both VBR and VBE increase with an increase in weight.

What is best range airspeed (VBR)? Best range airspeed (VBR) refers to the airspeed at which an aircraft can cover the maximum possible distance with minimum fuel consumption. At this airspeed, the lift-to-drag ratio is the highest.

What is best endurance airspeed (VBE)? Best endurance airspeed (VBE) refers to the airspeed at which an aircraft can remain in the air for the longest possible time with minimum fuel consumption. At this airspeed, the lift-to-drag ratio is the highest.

Relationship between weight and VBR and VBE is that both VBR and VBE increase with an increase in weight.

An increase in weight means an increase in the required lift to keep the aircraft in the air. As a result, the airspeed at which the lift-to-drag ratio is the highest increases.

This is why both VBR and VBE increase with an increase in weight.

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The final answer are considering the collision between two happy balls described in part a, the amount of kinetic energy dissipated is -0.15 J.

we need to calculate the kinetic energy dissipated between the happy balls in a collision as described in part a. The question is asking us to use the following terms in our answer: "now, consider the collision between two happy balls described in part

a. how much of the balls' kinetic energy is dissipated? "So, using the given formula of kinetic energy :K = (1/2)mv²Where,K = Kinetic energy of an object m = Mass of an object v = Velocity of an object

Now, we'll begin solving the problem. According to the problem, two balls with a mass of 0.35 kg each, having a velocity of 2.5 m/s and 1.2 m/s, collide in an inelastic collision with each other. From the formula of Kinetic energy, the initial kinetic energy can be calculated as,K1 = (1/2)mv² = (1/2) (0.35 kg) (2.5 m/s)² = 1.09 J

Similarly, for the second ball, the initial kinetic energy can be calculated as,K2 = (1/2)mv² = (1/2) (0.35 kg) (1.2 m/s)² = 0.23 J Now , adding up the initial kinetic energies of both balls, we get the total initial kinetic energy of the system.

That is,K1 + K2 = 1.09 J + 0.23 J = 1.32 J

Therefore, the total initial kinetic energy of the system is 1.32 J. Now, let's calculate the final kinetic energy of the system. During the inelastic collision, some kinetic energy is dissipated and converted to heat, sound, and other forms of energy, which means the kinetic energy will decrease.

Thus, we can use the conservation of momentum to calculate the final velocity of the balls, then calculate the final kinetic energy with the same formula. Now, applying the conservation of momentum (as in Part a), we get,0.35 kg × 2.5 m/s + 0.35 kg × 1.2 m/s = (0.35 kg + 0.35 kg) × v_ v = 1.85 m/s

Now, we can calculate the final kinetic energy of the system as, K_final = (1/2)mv² = (1/2) (0.7 kg) (1.85 m/s)² = 1.47 J Therefore, the final kinetic energy of the system is 1.47 J. Now, the amount of kinetic energy dissipated during the collision can be calculated by subtracting the final kinetic energy from the initial kinetic energy of the system.

K_dissipated = K_initial - K_final= 1.32 J - 1.47 J= -0.15 J

Thus, the amount of kinetic energy dissipated during the collision is -0.15 J (negative sign indicates that the kinetic energy is converted to other forms of energy).

Now, considering the collision between two happy balls described in part a, the amount of kinetic energy dissipated is -0.15 J.

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The bicycle rider's kinetic energy A cyclist has a kinetic energy of 2084.44 J.

Up to 90% of a woman's energy or movement can be converted into kinetic energy when riding a bicycle. The bike is then propelled by using this energy. While riding along a path, the bike is kept stable by the rider's momentum and balance.

The relationship between kinetic energy and an object's mass and square of the its velocity is direct: K.E. = ½ m v2. The kinetic energy is measured in kgs divided by the square per second squared if the mass is measured in kilogrammes and the velocity is measured in metres per second.

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The boat will bob up and down on ocean waves that have a wavelength of 36.0 m and a propagation speed of 4.80 m/s once every 7.50 seconds.

To solve the given question, we must use the formula:

n= v/f

Where: v is the velocity of the wave (in m/s)f is the frequency of the wave (in Hz)n is the number of cycles per second

Therefore, the frequency of the wave (in Hz) can be calculated by using the formula:

f= v/λ

where: v is the velocity of the wave (in m/s)λ is the wavelength of the wave (in m)

The frequency of the wave is 0.1333 Hz (approx).

Now, the number of cycles per second (n) is: n = v/λ

We can solve for n by dividing the velocity of the wave by the wavelength of the wave.

Therefore,

n= v/λ= (4.80 m/s) / (36.0 m)= 0.1333 Hz

So, the boat bob up and down 0.1333 times a minute on ocean waves that have a wavelength of 36.0 m and a propagation speed of 4.80 m/s.

1 Hz = 60 seconds,

0.1333 Hz = 7.50 seconds.

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A  system releases 690 kj of heat and does 110 kj of work on the surroundings then part a what i the change in internal energy of the system  -800 kJ.

The change in internal energy of the system can be calculated using the formula

ΔU = Q - W,

where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat exchanged, and W is the work done.

In this case, the system releases 690 kJ of heat (Q = -690 kJ) and does 110 kJ of work on the surroundings (W = 110 kJ).

So, ΔU = -690 kJ - 110 kJ = -800 kJ.

The change in internal energy of the system is -800 kJ.

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Therefore, the tangential acceleration of the inner surface of the wheel between t=0 and t=0.800 s is approximately  [tex]906.5 m/s^2.[/tex]

The rotational frequency f is defined as the number of revolutions per second, which means that the wheel makes 100 revolutions in one second.

The angular velocity ω is the change in angle per unit time, so we can find it by multiplying the rotational frequency by 2π (the number of radians in one revolution):

ω = 2πf = 2π(100 Hz) = 200π radians/second

Now we can use the time interval and the angular velocity to find the angle through which the wheel has turned.

The time interval is Δt = 0.800 s, so the angle through which the wheel has turned is:

θ = ωΔt = (200π radians/second)(0.800 s) = 160π radians

The circumference of the inner surface of the wheel is C = πd, where d is the diameter of the wheel.

C = π(231 cm) = 725.4 cm

The tangential acceleration a_t is the acceleration of a point on the rim of the wheel, perpendicular to the radius.

We can use the formula for tangential acceleration:

a_t = rα

where r is the radius of the wheel and α is the angular acceleration.

We can find the radius of the wheel by dividing the diameter by 2:

r = d/2 = 231 cm/2 = 115.5 cm

Now we can find the angular acceleration by using the formula:

α = Δω/Δt

where Δω is the change in angular velocity and Δt is the time interval.

We know the initial angular velocity (zero), so we can find the change in angular velocity by subtracting the initial angular velocity from the final angular velocity:

Δω = ω - ω_0 = 200π radians/second - 0 radians/second = 200π radians/second

So the angular acceleration is:

α = Δω/Δt = (200π radians/second)/(0.800 s) = 250π [tex]radians/second^2[/tex]

Finally, we can find the tangential acceleration by multiplying the radius by the angular acceleration:

a_t = rα = (115.5 cm)(250π radians/[tex]second^2[/tex]) = 28875π [tex]cm/second^2[/tex]

a_t = 288.75π [tex]m/s^2[/tex]

Using a calculator, we get:

a_t ≈ 906.5 [tex]m/s^2[/tex] (rounded to one decimal place)

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The transit technique used to identify planets involves looking for small dips in a star's brightness as a planet crosses in front of it. This causes a slight decrease in the amount of light received by the Earth from that star, which is then detected by astronomers.

Transit method is a technique that uses the detection of planetary transits to identify exoplanets. By detecting dips in the brightness of a star, caused by a planet crossing in front of it, this method allows for the detection of planets orbiting other stars beyond our own solar system.

To find exoplanets, astronomers look for periodic dips in the brightness of stars that are caused by a planet passing in front of them. The amount of light that a planet blocks depends on its size, so larger planets create deeper dips in the star's brightness.

The timing and duration of the dips also provide information about the planet's orbit, size, and composition.

Transiting planets are therefore more likely to be detected if they have a large radius compared to their host stars, or if their orbital periods are short.

The transit method is also more effective when the host star is relatively small and bright, as this makes the planet's transit easier to detect.

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The voltage waveform is more sinusoidal than the current waveform.

This is because the voltage source is assumed to be an ideal source, which means that the voltage is supplied without loss or fluctuation while the current waveform is distorted due to the loads present in the circuit. When a voltage waveform is applied to a circuit with inductance and capacitance, the resulting current waveform will be distorted and will not be sinusoidal. The current waveform is affected by the presence of capacitance and inductance in the circuit, which cause the current to lag behind the voltage. The current waveform becomes more distorted as the load resistance increases.

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The density of the hypothetical planet, in kg/m3, is 6,246 kg/m3

V = (4/3)πr3

V = (4/3)π(162 x 106 m)3

V = 9.30 x 1018 m3

The density of the planet in kg/m3

We know that Density is given as

D = Mass ÷ Volume

D = 1027 kg ÷ 9.30 x 1018 m3

D = 6,246 kg/m3

Density is a measure of mass per unit of volume. It is expressed in terms of mass per volume and is typically measured in kg/m3 or g/cm3. Density is an important physical property of matter as it allows us to compare the mass of different substances at the same volume.

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Answer:

To find the average speed after 2 minutes, we need to calculate the total distance covered in 2 minutes and divide it by 2.

Total Distance after 2 minutes = 75m

Total Time after 2 minutes = 2 minutes

Average Speed after 2 minutes = Total Distance / Total Time

Average Speed after 2 minutes = 75m / 2 min = 37.5 m/min

Therefore, the average speed after 2 minutes is 37.5 m/min.

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The linear acceleration of the system is a = g (1 - μk) / 3

Tension force in the vertical section of the string is T = M g

Tension force in the horizontal section of the string is 2 M g (1 - μk).

Minimum value of μs is 3 μs + μk ≥ 1

a. The system is in equilibrium when the tension force in the string balances the weight of block A. Therefore: T - M g = M a

where T is the tension force in the string, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and a is the linear acceleration of the system.

The system of block B is subject to a friction force opposing its motion to the right. Therefore: T = 2 M g - μk N

where N is the normal force exerted by the table on block B.

The normal force N is equal in magnitude to the weight of block B, since the block is not accelerating in the vertical direction. Therefore:

N = 2 M g

Substituting N into the equation for T:

T = 2 M g - μk (2 M g)

T = 2 M g (1 - μk)

Substituting this expression for T into the equation for the acceleration: (2 M g) (1 - μk) - M g = M a

Simplifying: a = g (1 - μk) / 3

Therefore, the linear acceleration of the system is: a = g (1 - μk) / 3

b. The tension force in the vertical section of the string is equal in magnitude to the weight of block A. Therefore: T = M g

c. The tension force in the horizontal section of the string can be found by considering the torque equation for the pulley. The torque due to the tension force on the pulley is equal to I α, where α is the angular acceleration of the pulley. Since the pulley is in equilibrium, we have α = 0, and the torque due to the tension force is zero. Therefore, the tension force in the horizontal section of the string is also equal to T, which we found to be equal to 2 M g (1 - μk).

d. The minimum value of μs such that the blocks will not move is given by the condition:

μs ≥ a / g

where a is the linear acceleration of the system.

Substituting the expression for a that we found earlier: μs ≥ (1 - μk) / 3

Multiplying both sides by 3 and adding μk to both sides: 3 μs + μk ≥ 1

Therefore, the minimum value of μs is: μs ≥ (1 - μk) / 3 or equivalently: 3 μs + μk ≥ 1

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When a communication link between a spacecraft and a ground station has a negative margin, it means that the received signal strength is weaker than the minimum required for proper communication.

If a spacecraft is experiencing a negative margin on a communication link, meaning that the received signal is weaker than the expected signal, there are two straight forward things that can be done on the spacecraft side to improve the link:

This approach may require reorienting the spacecraft to point the antenna in the right direction, but it is generally a less power-intensive solution than increasing transmit power.

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The maximum force that can be applied to the object before it starts moving is 49 N

To calculate the maximum force that can be applied to the object before it starts moving, we need to use the formula:

Fmax = μsN

where μs is the coefficient of static friction, N is the normal force exerted on the object, and F(max) is the maximum force that can be applied to the object before it starts moving.

Mass of the box = 10 kg and Coefficient of static friction between a 10 kg object and the floor = 0.50.

Normal force exerted on the box, N = mg (where g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s²)

So, N = 10 kg × 9.8 m/s² = 98N.

We can now use the above formula to calculate the maximum force that can be applied to the object before it starts moving:

Fmax = μsN = 0.50 × 98 N = 49 N.

Therefore, the maximum force that can be applied to the object before it starts moving, having a coefficient of static friction of 0.50 is 49 N.

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Balancing the forces acting on a body is not enough to establish equilibrium because forces are not the only factor involved in determining whether or not an object is in equilibrium.

Equilibrium is established when the forces and torques on an object are balanced. There are two types of equilibria: static equilibrium and dynamic equilibrium.

Static equilibrium is when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium is when an object is moving at a constant speed in a straight line. In both cases, the net force on the object must be zero in order to be in equilibrium. In addition, the net torque on the object must also be zero in order to be in equilibrium. This is because torque is a rotational force that can cause an object to rotate around its center of mass.

Example: A ladder leaning against a wall is a good example of a body that is not in equilibrium even though the forces acting on it are balanced. Even though the weight of the ladder and the force of gravity are balanced, the ladder is not in equilibrium because there is a torque acting on it due to the force of friction between the ladder and the ground. This torque causes the ladder to rotate around its center of mass, which can cause it to fall over if the torque is not countered by another force or torque.

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The balloon is being pushed backward by air pressure. When a car begins to move, air pressure builds up in front of the car, pushing air backwards and creating a wind that affects the balloon inside. As the car accelerates, the wind increases, and the balloon is pushed backwards relative to the car. This phenomenon is known as the 'Venturi Effect'.

When a car moves, it creates a pressure difference in front of and behind the car. This difference in pressure creates a force that moves air around the car. In the case of the balloon, the force of the wind created by the car is pushing the balloon backwards. This is the same effect you feel when a fan is turned on, but in reverse.

The Venturi Effect is a phenomenon in fluid dynamics which explains the decrease in pressure when the velocity of the fluid increases. In the case of the balloon, this decrease in pressure created by the wind of the car causes it to move backwards. This is because air is being pushed away from the balloon and the surrounding area, creating a low-pressure environment.

In summary, the balloon is being pushed backwards by air pressure as the car moves forward. This is known as the Venturi Effect, and it is caused by the decrease in pressure caused by the wind of the car.

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The tension in the rope is 173.55 N.

Using Newton's second law of motion, we know that the force (F) exerted on an object is equal to its mass (m) times its acceleration (a): F = ma. In this case, the gymnast's weight is acting downward, so the tension in the rope must be greater than the weight to provide the necessary upward force to accelerate the gymnast upward.

Thus, we can calculate the tension in the rope as follows:

Tension - Weight = ma

T - mg = ma

where T is the tension in the rope, m is the mass of the gymnast, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2), and a is the acceleration of the gymnast upward.

T - (63 kg)(9.8 m/s^2) = (63 kg)(2.5 m/s^2)

T = (63 kg)(9.8 m/s^2 + 2.5 m/s^2) = 173.55 N

Therefore, the tension in the rope is 173.55 N, which is the force required to lift the gymnast upward with an acceleration of 2.5 m/s^2.

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An electric motor is a device that transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors create force in the form of torque imparted to the motor's shaft by interacting between the magnetic field of the motor and electric current in a wire winding.

Electric motors generate motion by transferring electrical energy to mechanical energy. The interaction of a magnetic field and winding alternating (AC) or direct (DC) current generates force within the motor.

The basic motor constructed in class employs a coil that serves as a temporary electromagnet. The electrical current supplied by the battery provides the push for this coil to assist produce torque. The doughnut magnet utilized in the motor is a permanent magnet, which means it has a fixed north and south pole.

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The mass of the child is 45.9 kg. Therefore, the answer is option D.

Given that a child stands with each foot on a different scale, the left scale reads 200 N and the right scale reads 250 N. To find the mass of the child, we need to use the formula: Weight = mass × acceleration due to gravity (w = mg). The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s². Therefore, the weight of the child on the left scale is w1 = 200 N, and the weight of the child on the right scale is w2 = 250 N. We can use these two weights to calculate the mass of the child. The sum of the weight of both scales will be equal to the total weight (w1 + w2 = W). Therefore, the total weight of the child is:

W = 200 N + 250 N= 450 N

We have the total weight of the child, and now we can calculate the mass of the child by dividing the weight by the acceleration due to gravity. Therefore, the mass of the child is:

m = W/g

= 450 N / 9.8 m/s²

= 45.92 kg

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The power contact lens which when on the eye will correct his distant vision is of -2.57 diopters

The man's far point measures 38.9 cm, which indicates that his eye's lens' focal length is also 38.9 cm. It is required to change the focal length of the lens to infinity to rectify his eyesight, which necessitates the addition of a negative power lens to his eye.

Calculating the power of contact lens

Power of contact lens = 1 / focal length of the lens

= 1 / focal length of the lens - 1 / desired focal length

In this case, the desired focal length is infinity.

Substituting the value -

= 1 / 0.389 - 1 / infinity

= -2.57

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The spring will stretch by an amount equal to 54 N divided by the spring constant, k.

The spring constant, k, is a constant for a particular spring and determines the amount of force necessary to stretch the spring a certain amount. If the spring does not reach its elastic limit, then the amount it will stretch is equal to the amount of force applied divided by the spring constant. In this case, the amount the spring will stretch is equal to 54 N divided by the spring constant, k.
For example, if the spring constant is 10 N/m, then the spring will stretch by an amount of 5.4 m. This means that when 54 N of force is applied, the spring will stretch by 5.4 m.
It is important to note that if the spring is stretched past its elastic limit, it will not return to its original length when the force is removed. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the spring is not stretched past its elastic limit when determining how much it will stretch.
In summary, the spring will stretch by an amount equal to 54 N divided by the spring constant, k. If the spring does not reach its elastic limit, then it will stretch an amount equal to the amount of force applied divided by the spring constant. It is important to make sure the spring does not exceed its elastic limit when determining how much it will stretch.

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The force from student is positive, the force due to gravity is zero and the frictional force due to air is negative.

Given the distance of the bag from the room = 3m

From the diagram we can see that there are three different forces acting on the bag such as:

Fs : force from the student

FG: Force due to gravity

f: force of friction from air

Here we can say that according to the free-body diagram:

The force from from student(Fs) is acting upwards and is positive since the student is pushing the bag across the room, the force from the student (Fs) is doing positive work on the bag.

The force due to gravity(FG) is acting downwards and is zero since the bag is moving in a level room, the force of gravity (FG) is parallel to the motion of the bag and therefore isn't doing any work on the bag.

The work done by the frictional force of air (f) on the bag is negative since it is opposing the displacement of the bag.

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The final answer are work required to compress the spring from 12 cm to 10 cm is 19.6 J.

The spring's energy and the work it does are both proportional to the amount it stretches or compresses. According to Hooke's Law, the force needed to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the amount it is stretched or compressed.

Given the spring constant and the total energy stored in the spring, one may figure out how much energy is necessary to compress the spring from a particular point to another using this method. What is the work required to compress the spring from 12 cm to 10 cm?

The work required to compress the spring from 12 cm to 10 cm is calculated using the following formula; W=1/2 k (x_2^2 - x_1^2) where W is the work done by the spring ,k is the spring constant,x1 is the initial position, andx2 is the final position.

Determine the spring constant using the formula, F=kx k=\frac{F}{x}k=\frac{mg}{x} k=\frac{30*9.8}{0.15} k=1960\ N/m Since the spring is being compressed, the value of x2 is smaller than x1.

To find the value of work done by the spring when compressed from x1 to x2, the difference between the potential energies corresponding to these positions is taken.

Thus, the work done by the spring is: W=1/2 k (x_2^2 - x_1^2) W=1/2 (1960) (0.12^2 - 0.10^2) W=19.6\ J

Thus, the work required to compress the spring from 12 cm to 10 cm is 19.6 J.

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If a planet were orbiting the sun in an orbit two times as far as its current orbit, the planet will take 4 times longer to go around the sun than now.

What is an Orbit?

An orbit is a path that an object takes around another object in space, such as the path of the Earth around the sun. The planets all move in an orbit around the sun because the sun's gravitational force holds them in their orbits.

The distance between the planets and the sun differs depending on their location in the solar system, as well as the stage of their elliptical orbits. For example, Venus and Mars will be much nearer to Earth than Neptune and Saturn, which will be much farther away. This is due to the fact that the planets move in an elliptical orbit rather than a circular one. This implies that the distance between them and the sun varies throughout their orbit.

Astronomers measure distances in our solar system in astronomical units (AU). One AU is equal to the distance from the Earth to the sun, which is approximately 93 million miles. The sun's closest planet, Mercury, is about 0.4 AU away from it, while the most distant planet, Neptune, is about 30 AU away from it. Other objects in the solar system, such as comets and asteroids, can be located much further away from the sun.

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The current in the coil must be 3.20A if the magnetic field at the center of the coil is 0.0760T.

The formula used to calculate the magnetic field at the center of a circular coil is given as:

B = μ0*I*n*r² / 2*(r² + x²)³/2

Where,

B is the magnetic field at the center of the coil

I is the current in the coil

n is the number of turns

r is the radius of the coil

x is the distance between the center of the coil and the point where the magnetic field is to be calculated

μ0 is the permeability of free space.

Now, for the magnetic field at the center of the coil, x = 0, we have:

B = μ0*I*n*r² / 2*r³

I = 2*B*r³ / (μ0*n)

Putting the given values in this formula, we get:

I = 2*0.0760*2.20³ / (4π*10⁻⁷*780) = 3.20 A

Therefore, if the magnetic field at the center of the coil is 0.0760T, then the current in the coil must be 3.20A.

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Electrons from the student's hair to the plastic comb. When the student runs the comb through her hair, the comb and the hair rub against each other. This friction causes the transfer of electrons between the two materials.

Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. Whenever two surfaces are in contact and one of them moves or tries to move over the other, there is a force that resists the motion. This force is called friction. Friction arises due to the irregularities on the surfaces of the objects in contact. When the two surfaces are pressed together and moved relative to each other, the irregularities interlock and create resistance to motion. The force of friction always acts in the opposite direction to the direction of motion or the direction of the applied force.

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Approximately [tex]1.31 \times 10^{20}[/tex] electrons are transferred in a strong lightning bolt carrying an electric charge of 21 C.

The electric charge of one electron is equal to [tex]-1.602 \times 10^{-19}[/tex] Coulombs (C). Therefore, we can calculate the number of electrons transferred by dividing the total charge transferred by the charge of a single electron:

Number of electrons = Total charge transferred / Charge of a single electron

Number of electrons = [tex]\frac{21 C }{-1.602 \times 10^{-19} C}[/tex]

The number of electrons ≈ [tex]1.31 \times 10^{20} electrons[/tex]

Hence the number of electrons transferred during the lightning bolt is [tex]1.31 \times 10^{20}[/tex].

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