if the market required rate of return (YTM) for a bond is greater than the coupon interest rate, the bond will sell at a discount.
If the market required rate of return (YTM) for a bond is greater than the coupon interest rate, the bond will sell at a discount.When the YTM is higher than the coupon interest rate, it indicates that investors' required rate of return is higher than the interest payments received from the bond. This creates a situation where the bond is less attractive in the market, leading to a lower market price.
The discount occurs because the bond's coupon payments are not sufficient to meet the investors' desired rate of return. As a result, the bond's price is discounted below its par value to compensate for the lower interest payments relative to the market rate. Investors are willing to purchase the bond at a lower price to achieve a higher yield to maturity that aligns with their required rate of return.
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this question is related to the intriduction to the business law.
Adam came up with a great new idea for a booklet titled BrAd’s Top 10 Tips for
Successful Advertising. In addition to providing clients with some advice on
how create a solid marketing strategy, it is also an excellent advertising tool.
After each client’s first appointment with Brenda or Adam, they are provided with
a free copy of the booklet. A friend told Adam that a competitor has just started
producing a similar publication. Apart from a different cover and title, the content
is almost identical.
(a) What area of law would the publication of the competitor’s booklet come
under?
(b) If Brenda and Adam can sue the competitor for copying their idea, which
legislation would they rely on?
(a) The publication of the competitor's booklet that has similar content, apart from a different cover and title, would fall under the area of intellectual property law, specifically in the realm of copyright infringement.
Copyright law protects original creative works, including written works like booklets, from being copied or used without permission.
(b) If Brenda and Adam wish to sue the competitor for copying their idea and infringing on their copyright, they would rely on copyright legislation. The specific legislation governing copyright will depend on the jurisdiction in which Brenda and Adam operate their business. In the United States, for example, they would rely on the Copyright Act, while in the United Kingdom, they would rely on the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act.
To establish a case of copyright infringement, Brenda and Adam would typically need to demonstrate the following elements:
Originality: They must prove that their booklet, "BrAd's Top 10 Tips for Successful Advertising," is an original creative work that qualifies for copyright protection.
Copying: They must establish that the competitor's booklet is substantially similar to their own, meaning that the content has been directly copied or closely imitated.
Ownership: They must establish that they are the rightful owners of the copyright in their booklet. In some jurisdictions, copyright is automatically granted upon creation, while in others, registration may be required to strengthen their case.
Damages: They must demonstrate that they have suffered actual harm or financial loss as a result of the competitor's infringement. This could include loss of sales, damage to their reputation, or a decrease in the value of their copyrighted work.
By pursuing a lawsuit based on copyright infringement, Brenda and Adam can seek legal remedies such as injunctive relief to stop the competitor from continuing to produce the infringing booklet, as well as damages to compensate for any losses incurred. It is important for them to consult with an intellectual property attorney who specializes in copyright law to understand the specific legal requirements and procedures in their jurisdiction.
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To reduce the agency costs, Black Lion has decided to improve the monitoring system of the company. This new upgraded system tracks all the decisions made by the CEO and provide daily report to the board of directors. What are the possible consequences of this decision?
I. The manager will take more conservative decisions.
II. The manager will accept projects with negative NPVs.
III. Conflict of interests between the manager and shareholders will decrease.
IV. Shareholders are informed less regarding the daily activities of the company.
Group of answer choices
a. II and III
b. I and III
c. II and III and IV
d. I and IV
e. I and II and III
f. III and IV
g. II
h. I and II
The possible consequences of implementing an upgraded monitoring system that tracks the decisions made by the CEO and provides daily reports to the board of directors can be summarized as follows:
I. The manager will take more conservative decisions: With increased monitoring and accountability, the manager may feel pressured to make more cautious and risk-averse decisions to ensure they align with the interests of the company and avoid potential scrutiny.
II. The manager will accept projects with negative NPVs: The monitoring system and reporting can provide transparency on project evaluations and financial performance. As a result, the manager may be less inclined to accept projects with negative net present values as they can be seen as unfavorable for the company.
III. Conflict of interests between the manager and shareholders will decrease: By enhancing the monitoring system, the alignment of interests between the manager and shareholders can improve.
IV. Shareholders are informed less regarding the daily activities of the company: The daily reports to the board of directors allow for a more efficient flow of information made by CEO.
the possible consequences can be summarized as: b. I and III
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The Trade Marks Act 2002:
Select one:
a. Makes it illegal to use any Maori symbol to advertise a business in New Zealand
b. Prohibits the Commissioner of Trade Marks from registering any Maori word or symbol as a trade mark
c. Requires the Commissioner of Trade Marks to refer any application to register a Maori word or symbol of particular cultural significance as a trade mark to an advisory committee
By involving the advisory committee in the decision-making process, the Trade Marks Act recognizes the importance of Maori culture and seeks to ensure that the registration of Maori words or symbols as trade marks is done with proper consideration of their cultural significance. This provision reflects the Act's commitment to respecting and protecting Maori intellectual and cultural heritage in the context of trade mark registration.
The correct answer is c. The Trade Marks Act 2002 requires the Commissioner of Trade Marks to refer any application to register a Maori word or symbol of particular cultural significance as a trade mark to an advisory committee.
Under the Trade Marks Act 2002, the Commissioner of Trade Marks is responsible for assessing and registering trade marks in New Zealand. When a Maori word or symbol of particular cultural significance is submitted for registration as a trade mark, the Act mandates that the Commissioner must refer the application to an advisory committee.
This advisory committee, known as the Maori advisory committee, consists of members with expertise in Maori culture, language, and intellectual property.
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What are the arguments for China having actually manipulated its currency over the years? (Check all that apply.) A. From 2010 through 2014, the People's Bank of China allowed the yuan to slowly decrease in value versus the dollar. B. China manipulated its currency by keeping a hard peg to the U.S. dollar from 1995 through 2020. C. The People's Bank of China bought large amounts of dollars with yuan in the early 2000s to undervalue its currency. D. In 2016, the People's Bank of China bought yuan with dollars in order to reduce the yuan's value relative to the dollar.
The arguments for China having actually manipulated its currency over the years include:
A. From 2010 through 2014, the People's Bank of China allowed the yuan to slowly decrease in value versus the dollar.
This argument suggests that China intentionally allowed its currency, the yuan, to depreciate gradually against the US dollar over a specific period. By doing so, China could gain a competitive advantage in international trade by making its exports more affordable and potentially boosting its export-led economy.
B. China manipulated its currency by keeping a hard peg to the U.S. dollar from 1995 through 2020.
This argument suggests that China maintained a fixed exchange rate between its currency and the US dollar for a significant period. A fixed exchange rate allows a country's central bank to intervene in the foreign exchange market to keep its currency's value artificially low or high. By pegging the yuan to the US dollar, China could control its currency's value and maintain a competitive edge in international trade.
C. The People's Bank of China bought large amounts of dollars with yuan in the early 2000s to undervalue its currency.
This argument implies that the People's Bank of China engaged in large-scale foreign exchange market interventions by purchasing US dollars with yuan. This action would increase the supply of dollars and decrease the supply of yuan, causing the yuan's value to depreciate relative to the dollar. Such intervention could be seen as a deliberate effort to undervalue China's currency and make its exports more competitive.
D. In 2016, the People's Bank of China bought yuan with dollars in order to reduce the yuan's value relative to the dollar.
This argument suggests that the People's Bank of China intervened in the foreign exchange market by purchasing yuan with dollars. By increasing the demand for yuan and reducing the supply of dollars, China could effectively depreciate its currency against the dollar, potentially benefiting its export-oriented industries.
These arguments support the notion that China has manipulated its currency over the years to gain advantages in international trade and maintain competitiveness. However, it's important to note that currency manipulation is a complex and controversial issue, and different perspectives exist regarding the extent and implications of China's currency policies.
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Question 3:
Give two examples of organizational policies and
procedures relevant to writing copy.
Two examples of organizational policies and procedures relevant to writing copy are Style Guide Policy and the Approval Process Procedure.
Style Guide Policy: A style guide is a set of standards for the writing and design of documents, such as reports, newsletters, and manuals, that are tailored to the needs of a specific organization. Style guides usually include guidelines for grammar, spelling, formatting, and punctuation, as well as specific rules for the organization's brand voice and tone. Style guides are essential for ensuring consistency in written communications and for maintaining the organization's brand image.
Approval Process Procedure: An approval process is a set of procedures for reviewing and approving written materials, such as copy, before they are released to the public. The approval process usually involves a team of reviewers who are responsible for ensuring that the content is accurate, legally compliant, and consistent with the organization's brand voice and tone. The approval process may also include a quality control review to ensure that the copy is free of errors and meets the organization's standards for style and format.
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Getty Company expects sales for the first three months of next year to be $195,000, $240,000 and $315,000, respectively. Getty expects 30 percent of its sales to be cash and the remainder to be credit sales. The credit sales will be collected as follows: 10 percent in the month of the sale and 90 percent in the following month.
Compute a schedule of Getty’s cash receipts for the months of February and March.
For the months of February and March, Getty Company's cash receipts are as follows: $53,700 in February and $232,500 in March. These cash receipts are calculated based on the expected sales, the percentage of cash and credit sales, and the collection pattern for credit sales.
To compute Getty Company's cash receipts for February and March, we consider the expected sales and the collection pattern for credit sales. In February, the expected sales are $240,000. Given that 30% of the sales are cash sales, the cash receipts for February will be 30% of $240,000, which equals $72,000. For the credit sales in February, 10% of the sales are collected in the month of the sale. Therefore, the cash receipts from credit sales in February will be 10% of (70% of $240,000), which is 10% of $168,000, resulting in $16,800. Summing up the cash receipts from cash sales and credit sales, the total cash receipts for February are $72,000 + $16,800 = $88,800. In March, the expected sales are $315,000. The cash receipts from cash sales will be 30% of $315,000, which equals $94,500. For the credit sales in March, 10% of the sales are collected in the month of the sale, while 90% are collected in the following month. Therefore, the cash receipts from credit sales in March will be 10% of (70% of $315,000), which is 10% of $220,500, resulting in $22,050. Summing up the cash receipts from cash sales and credit sales, the total cash receipts for March are $94,500 + $22,050 = $116,550. In summary, Getty Company's cash receipts for February amount to $88,800, and for March, the cash receipts amount to $116,550. These calculations consider the percentage of cash and credit sales as well as the collection pattern for credit sales.
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City Taxi Service purchased a new auto to use as a taxi on January 1, Year 1, for $25,200. In addition, City paid sales tax and title fees of $1,180 for the vehicle. The taxi is expected to have a five-year life and a salvage value of $6,100. Required a. Using the straight-line method, compute the depreciation expense for Year 1 and Year 2. (Round your answers to the nearest whole dollar amount.) b. Assume the auto was sold on January 1, Year 3, for $21,008. Determine the amount of gain or loss that would be recognized on the asset disposal. (Round the intermediate calculations to nearest whole dollar amount.) b Year 1 Depreciation Year 2 Depreciation on sale per year per year
The selling price is higher than the book value, a gain of $4,856 would be recognized on the asset disposal.
Straight-line depreciation is a method of depreciation in which an equal amount of depreciation is charged against the asset each year during its useful life. It is calculated as follows:
Depreciation expense = (Cost of the asset - Salvage value) / Useful life
Depreciation expense for Year 1:
Cost of the taxi = $25,200
Sales tax and title fees = $1,180
Total cost = $26,380
Salvage value = $6,100
Useful life = 5 years
Depreciation expense = ($26,380 - $6,100) / 5= $4,856
Depreciation expense for Year 1 = $4,856
Depreciation expense for Year 2:
Cost of the taxi = $25,200
Sales tax and title fees = $1,180
Total cost = $26,380
Salvage value = $6,100
Useful life = 5 years
Depreciation expense = ($26,380 - $6,100) / 5= $4,856
Depreciation expense for Year 2 = $4,856
Book value is the difference between the cost of the asset and the total depreciation taken to date. Depreciation taken to date is calculated by multiplying the annual depreciation expense by the number of years the asset has been in use.
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25. Bishop Corporation uses normal process costing (weighted average method) and applies manufacturing overhead at a rate of 70% of direct labor costs. Bishop has two departments: Molding and Assembly (beginning work-in-process balance = $50,000 in Molding and $60,000 in Assembly). Altogether, Bishop purchased $500,000 in materials on account last period. Bishop also spent $125,000 cash on manufacturing overhead and recognized $20,000 in factory equipment depreciation. Bishop accrued $200,000 in direct labor costs in Molding and $150,000 in direct labor costs in Assembly. Bishop used $250,000 worth of direct materials in Molding, $200,000 worth of direct materials in Assembly, and $80,000 in indirect materials. The process costing report at the end of the period was as follows:
The process costing report for Bishop Corporation indicates the following information:
**Molding Department:**
- Beginning work-in-process balance: $50,000
- Direct materials used: $250,000
- Direct labor costs: $200,000
- Manufacturing overhead applied (70% of direct labor costs): $140,000
- Total manufacturing costs incurred: $590,000
- Ending work-in-process balance: Not specified
**Assembly Department:**
- Beginning work-in-process balance: $60,000
- Direct materials used: $200,000
- Direct labor costs: $150,000
- Manufacturing overhead applied (70% of direct labor costs): $105,000
- Total manufacturing costs incurred: $515,000
- Ending work-in-process balance: Not specified
It is worth noting that the information provided does not include the ending work-in-process balances for both departments. These balances are crucial for determining the total cost of goods manufactured and transferred out.
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What is the difference between saver-lenders and borrower-spenders, and who are the major representatives of each group?
The difference between saver-lenders and borrower-spenders lies in their financial behavior and the role they play in the economy.
Saver-lenders are individuals or entities that have excess funds and prefer to save and invest their money rather than spend it. They typically have a surplus of income over expenses and prioritize saving for the future. Saver-lenders are often associated with providing financial resources to others by lending money through various channels, such as banks, financial institutions, or investments in bonds and securities. Major representatives of saver-lenders include individuals with high savings rates, institutional investors, pension funds, and foreign governments that hold large reserves.
On the other hand, borrower-spenders are individuals or entities that have a need for funds and borrow money to finance their expenditures. They typically have a deficit of income compared to expenses and rely on borrowing to meet their financial obligations or fund their consumption. Borrower-spenders can be individuals taking loans for personal expenses, businesses seeking financing for investment or operational needs, or governments issuing debt to fund public projects. Major representatives of borrower-spenders include individuals with high debt levels, businesses that rely on credit, and governments that borrow to finance budget deficits or infrastructure projects.
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How do fiscal expansion relate with trade outcomes. What are the ensuing implications on economic governance and regionalism for the Pacific?
Fiscal expansion refers to the increase in government spending and lowering taxes which aims to increase the overall level of economic activity. This policy seeks to stimulate the economy by increasing demand in the short term. Fiscal expansion is often associated with trade outcomes as it is believed to have an impact on trade.
In the Pacific, fiscal expansion will lead to a rise in demand for goods and services from the Pacific countries. The consequent implications on economic governance and regionalism for the Pacific are expected to be significant. Increased demand for goods and services will likely lead to increased production and hence more jobs in the region.
However, there are also potential downsides of fiscal expansion in the Pacific. The increased demand for goods and services may lead to an increase in inflation, which can hurt consumers. Additionally, the rise in imports may lead to a rise in the trade deficit, which can lead to a weakening of the currency and increase in foreign debt.
In conclusion, fiscal expansion can have significant implications on trade outcomes, economic governance, and regionalism in the Pacific. Therefore, policymakers must carefully balance the benefits and drawbacks of fiscal expansion and make decisions that are in the best interest of their respective economies.
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Appletree Co. produces and sells fruit. Match each of the following metrics with each of the four dimensions of the balanced scorecard. The number of repeat customers The number of employees who attend educational events Level of carbon emissions from automatic pickers The percentage of unsold inventory items discarded Annual sales Learning and Growth Internal Business Processes Customer Financial
Balanced scorecard:Balanced scorecard is a strategic management tool that is used to measure, monitor, and communicate the performance of a business or organization in a comprehensive way. The balanced scorecard is divided into four dimensions that include: learning and growth, internal business processes, customer, and financial.
These four dimensions help to align business activities with the vision and strategy of an organization. Answer:Metric Dimension The number of repeat customers Customer The number of employees who attend educational events Learning and Growth Level of carbon emissions from automatic pickers Internal Business Processes The percentage of unsold inventory items discarded Internal Business Processes Annual sales Financial For Appletree Co., the metrics can be aligned as shown above.Metric: The number of repeat customersDimension: CustomerExplanation: The number of repeat customers is an indication of customer loyalty and satisfaction. It shows how well the company is doing in terms of retaining its customer base.
This metric is aligned with the customer dimension of the balanced scorecard. Metric: The number of employees who attend educational eventsDimension: Learning and GrowthExplanation: The number of employees who attend educational events is an indication of the company's investment in its employees. This metric is aligned with the learning and growth dimension of the balanced scorecard. Metric: Level of carbon emissions from automatic pickersDimension: Internal Business ProcessesExplanation: The level of carbon emissions from automatic pickers is an indication of the company's impact on the environment. This metric is aligned with the internal business processes dimension of the balanced scorecard. Metric: The percentage of unsold inventory items discardedDimension: Internal Business ProcessesExplanation: The percentage of unsold inventory items discarded is an indication of the company's efficiency in managing its inventory. This metric is aligned with the internal business processes dimension of the balanced scorecard. Metric: Annual salesDimension: FinancialExplanation: Annual sales is an indication of the company's financial performance. This metric is aligned with the financial dimension of the balanced scorecard.
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how do you see the value to implementing formal operational methods and a quality system to differentiate a small business.
What do you see as the opportunities to grow your business more quickly if it is measurable, improves itself, and can be judged as "World Class"?
Implementing formal operational methods and a quality system in a small business can provide many benefits. One of the significant advantages is it can differentiate a small business from its competitors, and it can help to grow the business more quickly by identifying areas that need improvement and opportunities for growth.
Formal operational methods include standard procedures and processes that are followed consistently throughout the organization. These methods are documented, monitored, and audited regularly to ensure that they are being followed correctly. Quality systems involve a set of guidelines and procedures that ensure that products and services meet specific standards of quality. A quality system involves the entire organization and requires the commitment of all employees to maintain high standards of quality. By implementing these formal operational methods and quality systems, small businesses can gain a competitive advantage in the market. They can differentiate themselves by providing consistent, high-quality products and services, which can help to attract and retain customers. By being measurable, improving itself, and being judged as "World Class," a small business can create new opportunities for growth and expansion. World-class companies are recognized for their exceptional quality, performance, and customer satisfaction. By striving to achieve these standards, small businesses can position themselves as leaders in their industry and attract new customers.
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The main part of conscious marketing acknowledges and
pursues a higher purpose beyond just_________.
1. Profit
2. Ethics
3. Stakeholders
4. Leadership
The main part of conscious marketing acknowledges and pursues a higher purpose beyond just profit. The correct answer is 1. Profit.
Conscious marketing goes beyond the sole focus on generating profit and emphasizes the pursuit of a higher purpose. While profit is an essential element of any business, conscious marketing recognizes that there are other important considerations that contribute to long-term success and sustainability.
Conscious marketing involves aligning the business's objectives and actions with a broader purpose that goes beyond financial gains. It emphasizes the importance of creating value for all stakeholders, including customers, employees, communities, and the environment.
By considering the impact of their decisions on multiple stakeholders, conscious marketers seek to create positive social, environmental, and ethical outcomes.
In conscious marketing, profit is not the sole measure of success. Rather, it is seen as a byproduct of delivering value, making a positive impact, and fulfilling a higher purpose.
By integrating ethical practices, fostering strong relationships with stakeholders, and demonstrating responsible leadership, conscious marketers aim to create a more sustainable and socially responsible business model that goes beyond maximizing profit alone.
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this tool defines how parts go together, their order
of assembly and often the overall material flow pattern?
The tool is referred to is a process flowchart. It is used to define the sequence of assembly for parts, the order in which they come together, and the material flow pattern in a system or process.
A process flowchart is a visual representation of the steps involved in a process or system. It outlines the sequence of activities, decisions, and material flow from the start to the end of the process. This tool is commonly used in various industries, including manufacturing, logistics, and service sectors, to document and analyze processes, identify bottlenecks, and improve efficiency.
The process flowchart provides a clear understanding of how different parts come together and the specific order of assembly. It visually depicts the connections between components, their interactions, and the movement of materials or information throughout the process. By using symbols and arrows, the flowchart illustrates the flow of work, indicating decision points, branching paths, and feedback loops.
The overall material flow pattern is also defined in the process flowchart. It shows how materials move through the process, such as from one workstation to another or from one department to another. This information helps in identifying potential delays, inefficiencies, or areas where material handling can be optimized.
In summary, a process flowchart is a valuable tool for defining the order of assembly, material flow pattern, and overall sequence of activities in a process or system. It provides a visual representation that aids in understanding and analyzing the process, enabling organizations to identify areas for improvement and enhance overall efficiency.
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The information below sets out the estimated market shares for the cellular phone manufacturing market. If Samsung were to acquire Sanyo, the four-firm concentration ratio would be Firm Market Share Nokia 26% Fujitsu 8% Kyocera 3% LG 6% Motorola 21% Samsung 6% Sanyo 4% Siemens 7% Sony Ericsson 11% Plus 8 more firms with 1% each 73 O OO 68 70 65
the market is distributed across a large number of small-scale players, with the top four companies accounting for only 38% of the total market.
If Samsung were to acquire Sanyo, the four-firm concentration ratio would be 38% (Motorola + Samsung + Nokia + Sony Ericsson) which is less than 40%. Also, it wouldn't affect the market share of any other companies. Therefore, the acquisition would not change the competitive structure of the market, which would remain moderately competitive, with many firms competing against each other. The cell phone manufacturing market seems to have a significant degree of competition. The four-firm concentration ratio, which is a measure of market concentration, indicates that there are numerous companies in the market with comparable market shares. The CR4 for the market is approximately 38 percent. Additionally, the market is distributed across a large number of small-scale players, with the top four companies accounting for only 38% of the total market.
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Interpreting Bond Yields. Suppose you buy a 7 percent coupon, 20-year bond today when it's jrst issued. If interest rates suddenly rise to 15 percent, what happens to the value of your bond? Why? 2. Interpreting Bond Yields. Suppose you buy a 7 percent coupon, 20-year bond today when it's prst issued. If interest rates suddenly rise to 15 percent, what happens to the value of your bond? Why?
The value of older bonds with lower coupon rates, like the 7% coupon, 20-year bond in question, will decline as investors shift to new bonds with higher coupon rates.
If interest rates suddenly rise to 15 percent, the value of the 7 percent coupon and 20-year bond will decline. The value of the bond decreases because the bond becomes less attractive to investors when interest rates rise. For instance, if you purchased a $1,000 bond with a 7% coupon, you would earn $70 each year in interest. But if interest rates rise and new bonds are issued at 15%, no one would be willing to pay the full price for your 7% bond. Instead, they could buy a newly issued bond for $1,000 that pays $150 each year in interest. As a result, the value of your bond will decline to adjust for the higher interest rates that are now available to investors.
In both cases, if interest rates suddenly rise to 15%, the value of the 7% coupon, 20-year bond will decline. This is because the bond becomes less attractive to investors when interest rates rise, causing its value to fall. A bond's value is determined by the amount of interest it pays compared to the interest rates in the market. When interest rates rise, new bonds will be issued with higher coupon rates than older bonds, making them more attractive to investors.
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Distinguish between savings and investment. 2. What are two things that are true when an economy is in equilibrium? 3. Explain the difference between the stock of money and the flow of income. 4. Define opportunity cost using your own examples. 5. Distinguish between productive efficiency and allocative efficiency.
The problems regarding Savings and investments have been answered bellow:
1.Saving refers to the portion of income that is not spent on consumption. Investment, on the other hand, refers to the acquisition of assets that are used to produce goods and services in the future. The main difference between savings and investment is that saving is not directed towards the production of goods and services, whereas investment is.
2. When an economy is in equilibrium, two things are true:
The quantity of goods and services produced is equal to the quantity of goods and services demanded.
The price level is stable.
3. The stock of money refers to the amount of money held by an individual or a group of individuals at a particular point in time. The flow of income, on the other hand, refers to the amount of money that an individual or a group of individuals receive over a period of time.
4.Opportunity cost is the cost of giving up the next best alternative when making a decision. For example, if you decide to spend $50 on a video game, the opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative you could have purchased with that $50, such as a movie ticket or a new book.
5. Productive efficiency refers to the production of goods and services at the lowest possible cost. Allocative efficiency refers to the production of goods and services that society values the most. Productive efficiency is concerned with the production process, whereas allocative efficiency is concerned with the allocation of resources.
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Amy and Brian were investigating the acquisition of a tax accounting business, Bottom Line Incorporated (BLI). As part of their discussions with the sole shareholder of the corporation, Ernesto Young, they examined the company's tax accounting balance sheet. The relevant information is summarized as follows:
FMV Adjusted Tax Basis Appreciation
Cash $ 32,250 $ 32,250
Receivables 18,600 18,600
Building 136,000 68,000 68,000
Land 269,250 89,750 179,500
Total $ 456,100 $ 208,600 $ 247,500
Payables $ 27,200 $ 27,200
Mortgage* 135,750 135,750
Total $ 162,950 $ 162,950
* The mortgage is attached to the building and land.
Ernesto was asking for $544,150 for the company. His tax basis in the BLI stock was $151,000. Included in the sales price was an unrecognized customer list valued at $172,000. The unallocated portion of the purchase price ($79,000) will be recorded as goodwill
a. What amount of gain or loss does BLI recognize if the transaction is structured as a direct asset sale to Amy and Brian? What amount of corporate-level tax does BLI pay as a result of the transaction?
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Amy and Brian were investigating the acquisition of a tax accounting business, Bottom Line Incorporated (BLI). As part of their discussions with the sole shareholder of the corporation, Ernesto Young, they examined the company's tax accounting balance sheet. The relevant information is summarized as follows:
Amy and Brian will purchase the assets of the BLI corporation for $544,150.
The gain on the sale is computed as follows:Proceeds of the sale$544,150Adjusted tax basis of assets$208,600Recognized gain on sale$335,550 There is no loss on sale for BLI since the sale price is greater than the adjusted tax basis of the assets sold BL I pays tax on the gain on the sale. The corporate-level tax is the lesser of the recognized gain or the built-in gains tax on the appreciation in assets sold. The built-in gains tax is calculated as follows:FMV of assets at the date of sale$456,100Adjusted tax basis of assets at the date of sale$208,600Appreciation$247,500Mortgage assumed$135,750Mortgage plus purchase price$679,900Less: Adjusted tax basis of assets$208,600Built-in gain on assets$471,300BLI will pay tax at the corporate tax rate of 21% on the built-in gain on the appreciation of $247,500 in assets sold. The corporate tax will be $98,595 (21% × $471,300). Answer: BLI recognizes $335,550 of gain on the sale.BLI pays $98,595 of corporate-level tax on the sale.
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Time left 2:58 all jurisdictions there exists legislation specifying responsibilities and rights in employment, particularly the sponsibilities of the employer and the rights of the employee. Identify and explain the overarching principle fany five (5) such pieces of legislation in Jamaica in no more than one sentence each. (5 marks) Among the options available to parti arbitration from conciliation? on Time Among the options available to parties engaged in the dispute resolution process, what features differ arbitration from conciliation?
In Jamaica, there are various employment legislations that specify responsibilities and rights in employment, particularly the responsibilities of the employer and the rights of the employee.
The overarching principle of these legislations is to provide a framework that ensures decent working conditions for employees. Below are five such pieces of legislation in Jamaica, and their overarching principles:
Labour Relations and Industrial Disputes Act – To regulate the relationship between employers and employees, promote good industrial relations and provide a framework for the amicable resolution of disputes.
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) – To promote and maintain a safe and healthy working environment for employees and provide for the protection of persons at work.
Employment (Termination and Redundancy Payment) Act – To provide for the termination and redundancy of employment and to ensure that employees are compensated fairly.
Equal Pay Act – To ensure that men and women receive equal pay for equal work, and to prevent discrimination on the basis of gender.
Maternity Leave Act – To provide for the granting of maternity leave and the protection of the employment of women who take maternity leave.
Among the options available to parties engaged in the dispute resolution process, the main difference between arbitration and conciliation is that in arbitration, a third-party arbitrator listens to both sides of the argument and makes a final and binding decision, while in conciliation, a third party helps the parties come to an agreement, but the parties make the final decision.
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For our first discussion, please watch the full video of "Jill Lepore King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity: History, Effects, Facts (1998).
As you will hear, this was the bloodiest per capita war in American history. Much of the fighting raged in our backyard here in Connecticut, Massachussetts, and Rhode Island.
Your discussion post should be 500 words in length. Please note what you thought was particularly interesting in Lepore's presentation about the conflict and please discuss the war itself and its many consequences. Your only source for this discussion is the Lepore video.
Please also respond to a classmate's post as well. This post should be between 100 and 250 words.
Your initial post is due Thursday, February 24 by 11:59 p.m. Your reply post is due on Monday, February 28 by 11:59 p.m.
Prof. Maynard
For the discussion, students are required to watch the full video of "Jill Lepore King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity: History, Effects, Facts (1998)."
They have to write a post of 500 words and mention what they found interesting in Lepore's presentation about the conflict and discuss the war and its consequences.
The only source of discussion is the Lepore video. In response to a classmate's post, the students should write between 100 and 250 words.
The initial post is due by Thursday, February 24, by 11:59 p.m. The reply post is due by Monday, February 28, by 11:59 p.m. The post should not be more than 500 words.
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Answer each part by using well-labelled graphs for the IS-LM, WS-PS and AS-AD models:
a) Assume that a large influx of refugees enter the workforce, who are prepared to work at lower
wages, explain how natural rate of unemployment would change. (7 marks)
b) Assume that the RBA decided to increase its price target, analyse how the economy would
adjust to a medium-run equilibrium. (8 marks)
c) Would your answer to (b) change if the economy was in a liquidity trap? Explain. (7 marks)
d) Suppose the Central Bank tries to persuade everyone that it is necessary that the Bank to raise interest rates. This would mark the end of the post-Lehman crisis era and the start of the return to "normal", thereby increasing people’s expectations of future interest rates. Explain what the effect would be today on equilibrium output. (8 marks)
a) A large influx of refugees entering the workforce, willing to work at lower wages, would likely impact the labor market. In the IS-LM model, this would be represented by a downward shift in the labor supply curve (WS) due to an increase in the number of available workers. This shift would result in a lower equilibrium real wage rate and a higher quantity of labor employed. The decrease in wages would also affect the LM curve (representing the money market equilibrium), causing it to shift downwards due to reduced income and increased savings.
b) If the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) decides to increase its price target, it indicates an expansionary monetary policy aimed at stimulating economic activity. In the AS-AD model, this would be represented as a rightward shift of the aggregate demand (AD) curve. As a result, both the price level and equilibrium output would increase. The economy would adjust in the medium-run by experiencing higher levels of output and employment.
c) If the economy is in a liquidity trap, it means that the nominal interest rate is already close to zero, and the central bank's conventional monetary policy tools are ineffective. In such a scenario, an increase in the RBA's price target would not have a significant impact on the economy. The IS-LM model would show a vertical LM curve, indicating a situation where changes in monetary policy do not affect interest rates or output. The economy would likely remain stuck in a low output and low-interest-rate environment.
d) If the Central Bank tries to persuade everyone that it is necessary to raise interest rates, it suggests a contractionary monetary policy stance. This action would affect people's expectations of future interest rates, leading to a shift in the IS curve. In the IS-LM model, this would result in a leftward shift of the IS curve, indicating a decrease in equilibrium output. The contractionary policy would reduce investment and consumption, leading to a lower level of output in the economy.
Please note that the described effects are general explanations based on economic theory. The actual magnitudes and dynamics of the changes would depend on various other factors and the specific characteristics of the economy under consideration.
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Explain why economists consider it to be one of the
economic functions of government to provide a legal system.
Economists consider it to be one of the economic functions of government to provide a legal system .
Due to the following reasons:
1. Ensures Protection of Private Property RightsPrivate property rights refer to the right to own property and its associated benefits, including the right to use, transfer, and exclude others. The protection of property rights is essential in promoting economic growth and prosperity. This is because the private sector invests in the economy, thus creating employment opportunities and promoting innovation. A legal system protects private property rights by ensuring that contracts are enforced and property is protected from theft and vandalism.
2. Facilitates Efficient ExchangeA legal system facilitates efficient exchange by providing a framework for the enforcement of contracts. Contracts provide a basis for individuals and firms to exchange goods and services. In turn, this leads to specialization and a more efficient allocation of resources.
3. Prevents ExternalitiesExternalities refer to the costs or benefits of economic activities that are borne by others who are not involved in the activity. For example, pollution from a factory may harm the health of people who live near it. The legal system plays a role in preventing externalities by imposing fines or other penalties on firms that cause harm to the environment or people. This, in turn, incentivizes firms to reduce their environmental impact.
4. Promotes CompetitionA legal system promotes competition by enforcing antitrust laws. Antitrust laws prevent firms from engaging in monopolistic practices, such as price-fixing or collusion, which harm consumers. Competition promotes innovation and efficiency by creating incentives for firms to offer better products and services at lower prices.
In conclusion, economists believe that the provision of a legal system is an important economic function of the government. This is because it protects private property rights, facilitates efficient exchange, prevents externalities, and promotes competition.
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After working for In the Kitchen remodeling business for several years, Terry and Phyllis decided to go into business for themselves and formed the Kitchens Just for You partnership. Three years ago, they admitted Connie as a partner and recognized goodwill at that time because of her good client list for planned kitchen makeovers. However, they were not able to gain a sufficient market for new customers and on September 1, 20X9, they agreed to dissolve and liquidate the business. They decided on an installment liquidation to complete the projects already initiated. The balance sheet, with profit and loss–sharing percentages at the beginning of liquidation, is as follows:
KITCHENS JUST FOR YOU
Balance Sheet
September 1, 20X9
Assets Liabilities and Equities
Cash $ 6,000 Accounts Payable $ 39,000 Receivables 68,000 Connie, Loan 14,000 Terry, Loan 8,000 Terry, Capital (30%) 11,500 Inventory 48,000 Phyllis, Capital (60%) 37,000 Goodwill 22,000 Connie, Capital (10%) 50,500 Total Assets $ 152,000 Total Liabilities & Equities $ 152,000 Connie’s loan was for working capital; the loan to Terry was for his unexpected personal medical bills.
During September 20X9, the first month of liquidation, the partnership collected $43,000 in receivables and decided to write off $14,000 of the remaining receivables. Sales of one-half of the book value of the inventory realized a loss of $6,000. The partners estimate that the costs of liquidating the business (newspaper ads, signs, etc.), are expected to be $6,000 for the remainder of the liquidation process.
Required:
Prepare a schedule of safe payments to partners as of September 30, 20X9, to show how the available cash should be distributed to the partners. Please follow the practical guidelines when completing this worksheet.
To prepare the schedule of safe payments to partners as of September 30, 20X9, we need to consider the available cash and distribute it to the partners based on their profit and loss-sharing percentages.
Here's how the calculation would look:
Calculate the total cash available for distribution:
Cash collections from receivables: $43,000
Less: Receivables written off: $14,000
Cash from receivables after write-off: $29,000
Cash from inventory sales: -$6,000 (as it resulted in a loss)
Cash for liquidation costs: -$6,000
Total available cash: $29,000 - $6,000 - $6,000 = $17,000
Determine each partner's share of the available cash:
Terry's share (30%): $17,000 x 30% = $5,100
Phyllis's share (60%): $17,000 x 60% = $10,200
Connie's share (10%): $17,000 x 10% = $1,700
Calculate any additional adjustments to the partners' capital accounts:
Terry's loan repayment: $8,000
Connie's loan repayment: $14,000
Final distribution of cash to partners:
Terry: $5,100 (share of available cash) - $8,000 (loan repayment) = -$2,900 (deficit)
Phyllis: $10,200 (share of available cash)
Connie: $1,700 (share of available cash) - $14,000 (loan repayment) = -$12,300 (deficit)
Based on the available cash and loan repayments, Terry would have a deficit of $2,900, and Connie would have a deficit of $12,300. Phyllis would receive her full share of $10,200 from the available cash.
Note: Since Terry and Connie have deficits, they would need to contribute additional funds or negotiate a repayment plan to settle their deficits.
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FIFO and LIFO Costs Under Perpetual Inventory System The following units of an item were available for sale during the year: Beginning inventory 40 units at $47 Sale 19 units at $66 First purchase 40 units at $49 Sale 23 units at $66 Second purchase 14 units at $51 Sale 26 units at $67 The firm uses the perpetual inventory system, and there are 26 units of the item on hand at the end of the year. a. What is the total cost of the ending inventory according to FIFO? 1,326 X b. What is the total cost of the ending inventory according to LIFO? 2,432 X
The total cost of the ending inventory according to FIFO is $1,326 and the total cost of the ending inventory according to LIFO is $2,432.
Under a perpetual inventory system, companies may determine inventory costs using either the first-in, first-out (FIFO) or last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. FIFO and LIFO methods are used to determine the cost of goods sold and the cost of ending inventory.
The cost of the ending inventory according to FIFO and LIFO methods are explained below:According to FIFO:FIFO means the first-in, first-out method, which means that the first items in stock are sold first.
In this example, the total cost of the ending inventory according to FIFO can be computed by using the formula:Total cost of ending inventory under FIFO = Cost of the last units purchased × Units of the ending inventory
With the information given in the question, it can be computed as follows:
Total cost of the ending inventory under FIFO = ($51 × 14) + ($67 × 12) = $1,326According to LIFO:LIFO stands for last-in, first-out. In this case, it is assumed that the most recent items purchased are sold first.
The cost of the ending inventory is computed by subtracting the cost of the goods sold from the cost of the goods available for sale. The cost of the ending inventory using LIFO is:Total cost of the ending inventory under LIFO = ($47 × 26) + ($49 × 40) + ($51 × 23) = $2,432
Therefore, the total cost of the ending inventory according to FIFO is $1,326 and the total cost of the ending inventory according to LIFO is $2,432.
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In a closed economy, the values for GDP, consumption spending, investment spending, transfer payments, and taxes are as follows: Y = $15 trillion C = $10 trillion IS4 trillion TR= $1 trillion T = $4 trillion Using the information above, what is the value of private saving and public saving? 0 A. O B. Private saving equals $10 trillion and public saving equals $4 trillion Private saving equals $2 trillion and public saving equals $1 trillion. Private saving equals $2 trillion and public saving equals $2 trillion. Private saving equals $4 trillion and public saving equals $10 trillion. C. 0 D.
The value of private saving is $1 trillion and the value of public saving is $3 trillion.
to calculate private saving and public saving, we can use the formula:
private saving (sprivate) = disposable income (y - t) - consumption (c)
public saving (spublic) = tax revenue (t) - transfer payments (tr) - government spending (g)
given the values provided:
y = $15 trillion
c = $10 trillion
i = $4 trillion
tr = $1 trillion
t = $4 trillion
let's calculate the private saving:
sprivate = (y - t) - c
= ($15 trillion - $4 trillion) - $10 trillion
= $11 trillion - $10 trillion
= $1 trillion
now, let's calculate the public saving:
spublic = t - tr - g
= $4 trillion - $1 trillion - $0 trillion
= $3 trillion so, the correct is:
c. private saving equals $1 trillion and public saving equals $3 trillion.
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What are the differences between the Millenium Developme ent Goals
and the Sustainable Development Goals?
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are both sets of global targets aimed at addressing key challenges and improving various aspects of human well-being. However, there are several differences between the two initiatives.
The MDGs were established by the United Nations in 2000 and had a target completion date of 2015. They focused on eight specific goals, including eradicating extreme poverty, achieving universal primary education, and reducing child mortality. The MDGs primarily targeted developing countries and focused on social and economic issues.
In contrast, the SDGs were introduced in 2015 and have a target completion date of 2030. They build upon the MDGs but are more comprehensive and interconnected. The SDGs consist of 17 goals and 169 targets, encompassing a broader range of issues, including poverty eradication, sustainable development, climate change, and inequality. The SDGs also place greater emphasis on environmental sustainability, addressing the root causes of poverty, and promoting social inclusion and gender equality.
In summary, while the MDGs primarily focused on social and economic development in developing countries, the SDGs are more comprehensive and encompass a broader range of global challenges. The SDGs recognize the interconnections between social, economic, and environmental issues, emphasizing the need for sustainable development and addressing the root causes of poverty and inequality.
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Jill sells her business to Kyle and, as part of the agreement, promises not to engage in a business of the same kind within thirty miles for three years. This promise is most likely...a. an unreasonable restraint of tradeb. unreasonable in terms of geographic are and timec. unreasonable in terms of Kyle's "goodwill" and "reputation"d. valid and enforceable
The promise made by Jill not to engage in a business of the same kind within thirty miles for three years as part of her selling the business to Kyle is a "valid and enforceable" agreement.
What is an enforceable contract?An enforceable contract is a valid agreement that can be enforced by law. An agreement is said to be valid when the parties to it mutually understand and agree on the terms and conditions that govern their respective rights and duties as stipulated in the agreement. The understanding of the parties is indicated by the fact that they have signed the contract or done anything that shows that they intend to be bound by its terms and conditions.
According to the scenario, Jill sells her business to Kyle and agrees not to engage in a business of the same kind within thirty miles for three years. This is a valid agreement that can be enforced by law because the parties mutually understood and agreed on the terms and conditions that govern their respective rights and duties as stipulated in the agreement.
The promise made by Jill not to engage in a business of the same kind within thirty miles for three years as part of her selling the business to Kyle is a "valid and enforceable" agreement, and the agreement is valid because the parties mutually understood and agreed on the terms and conditions that govern their respective rights and duties as stipulated in the agreement.
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Which of the following is a project organizational structure?
a) Autocratic organizational structure
b) Matrix organizational structure
c) Democratic organizational structure
d) Instant organizational structure with symptoms
The matrix organizational structure is a project organizational structure. Option (b) is therefore correct.
The matrix organizational structure is a project organizational structure. A project organizational structure is a structure that arranges project roles, obligations, and reporting lines. An organization's framework for project management is a project organizational structure. It lays out how tasks are accomplished and how operations are executed, with the emphasis being on completing projects rather than daily work.A project organizational structure is formed around a specific project and is typically temporary. The management of projects differs significantly from that of daily work, which is why a new organizational structure is needed to accommodate these distinctions. Within a project organizational structure, authority and communication lines are usually focused on the project's objectives. The matrix organizational structure is a project organizational structure. Option (b) is therefore correct.
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Company MHF operates subsidiaries in two countries. One of the subsidiaries consumes the output of the other in the production of a good for sale to the public. The company could increase cash flows by: Multiple Choice Using a transfer price based on full cost. Using a transfer price to transfer as much income as possible to the subsidiary located in the lower tax country. Using a transfer price based on market value. Using a transfer price to transfer as much income as possible to the subsidiary located in the higher tax country
The company could increase cash flows by using a transfer price based on market value.
Transfer price refers to the value that is put on goods and services that are exchanged between two divisions of a company. The objective of transfer pricing is to ensure that each division is evaluated on its own performance. The transfer price is the cost of the item for the selling division and the revenue for the purchasing division.
Transfer pricing should be performed based on market prices, and the market price for goods or services is often referred to as the arm's length price. The transfer price for goods or services is determined by market value in this situation. This is the most effective method to increase cash flows while maintaining tax efficiency. Full cost pricing might result in a loss of profit for the company.
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When a consumer communicates to a seller (expressly/impliedly)
the purpose for which goods are acquired:
a.
the goods will be defective
b.
None of the above
c.
the goods will be reasonably fit for tha
When a consumer communicates the purpose for which goods are acquired to a seller, the goods are expected to be reasonably fit for that purpose.
Option C is correct: When a consumer communicates to a seller, either expressly or impliedly, the purpose for which goods are acquired, the expectation is that the goods will be reasonably fit for that purpose. This is known as the implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose. It means that if a consumer specifies a particular use or purpose for the goods and relies on the seller's expertise or recommendations, the goods should be suitable and appropriate for that purpose.
For example, if a consumer purchases a laptop and informs the seller that it will be used for graphic design work, the consumer expects the laptop to have the necessary specifications and capabilities to meet the demands of graphic design software.
This implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose is an important consumer protection, as it ensures that consumers can rely on the seller's expertise and recommendations when making purchasing decisions. It provides recourse for consumers if the goods provided by the seller are not reasonably fit for the intended purpose communicated by the consumer.
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