If the presynaptic neuron increases the amount of neurochemical released, presynaptic facilitation has occured.
Presynaptic facilitation
Changing the strength of connections between neurons is essential for the brain's capacity to store and process information. For less than a second, presynaptic facilitation, a type of short-term plasticity, improves synaptic transmission. Presynaptic facilitation is a pervasive phenomena that is regarded to be essential for the flow of information and brain processing. However, a major portion of our knowledge about facilitation's role is still theoretical. Here, we review the suggested functions of presynaptic facilitation and talk about how recent advances in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms may make it possible to conduct experiments that clarify the roles that facilitation—and short-term plasticity in general—play in circuit function and animal behavior.
If the presynaptic neuron increases the amount of neurochemical released, _____________ has occured
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Both adult and embryonic stem cells have the potential to be used for medical treatment. Evaluate the potential use of adult and embryonic stem cells as medical treatments. You must include a justified conclusion
Stem cells are the body's raw materials — cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated. Under the right conditions in the body or a laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells.Research carried out with the use of these cells has demonstrated their effectiveness in the treatment of various diseases, such as leukemia, heart disease and hematological diseases. Embryonic stem cells, in turn, have the ability to form any tissue in the body.
How are embryonic stem cells used?Stem cells have the ability to differentiate and self-renew. For this reason, they can be used in the treatment of degenerative diseases. Stem cells stand out for their ability to transform into different cell types, that is, they are cells with a great capacity for differentiation.
What diseases could be treated with the use of Embryonic Stem Cells?Diseases that can be treated with stem cellsleukemias. Leukemia is a generic term used to describe the “cancer” of leukocytes, the white blood cells. Thalassemias. Neuroblastoma.Primary immunodeficiencies.Sideroblastic anemia. Metabolic diseases. Sickle cell anemia.With this information, we can conclude that Scientists are also working on ways to develop stem cells from other cells, using genetic “reprogramming” techniques.
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A cut on a person fingers becomes contaminated with the bacterium staphylococcus aureus. the first response by the immune system consists of the activity of:_____.
The first response by the immune system consists of the activity of innate immune response.
What is the first response of the immune system?
The first set of responses consist of the innate immune response because the innate system used the recognition molecules that have large number of cells. This system act quickly after an invading pathogen or toxin enter in your body which leads to the initial host response. The innate immune system triggers an acute inflammatory response to control the infection.
So we can conclude that the first response by the immune system consists of the activity of innate immune response.
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Research in neuroeconomics has linked activity in the _____ with a reflexive decision system and activity in the _____ with reflective decision system
Research in neuroeconomics has linked activity in the nucleus accumbens and ventromedial prefrontal cortex with a reflexive decision system and activity in the medial temporal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex with reflective decision system.
The nucleus accumbens is considered as the neural interface between motivation and action, playing a key role on feeding, sexual, reward, stress-related, drug self-administration behaviors, etc. The nucleus accumbens is made up of an 'electrophysiological coincidence detector' or shell serially connected to a 'motor sequencer' or core, both supporting the role of the nucleus accumbens as a limbic-motor interface.
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a part of the prefrontal cortex in the mammalian brain. It is an integrative hub for emotional, sensory, social, memory, and self-related information processing. Situated in the medial portion of the prefrontal cortex, the highly interconnected vmPFC serves as a region for binding together the large-scale networks that subserve emotional processing, decision-making, memory, self-perception, and social cognition in general.
The medial temporal lobe includes a system of anatomically related structures that are essential for declarative memory (conscious memory for facts and events). The system consists of the hippocampal region (CA fields, dentate gyrus, and subicular complex) and the adjacent perirhinal, entorhinal, and parahippocampal cortices.
The lateral prefrontal cortex is the cortex of the convexity of the frontal lobe rostral to motor and premotor cortices. Any sizable lesion of that cortex leads to some degree of apathy, a generalized loss of interest and attention on anything coming through the senses or in the mind of the patient.
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Crude oil is ________. a. composed of less than ten different hydrocarbon molecules b. usable in its raw form c. formed in a wide range of temperature and pressure circumstances
Crude oil is refined to separate the chemicals used for gasoline, lubricants, plastics, and other products.
In a distillation tower, the crude oil is separated by boiling point after being heated by a furnace. The material is then transformed into finished goods like fuels like gasoline and diesel, as well as specialty items like asphalt and solvents, by using heat, pressure, or a catalyst.Ethane, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), and naphtha are the three main petrochemical feedstocks generated from crude oil. These are mostly employed in the creation of synthetic fibers, plastic polymers, and other petrochemical intermediates. With increased global income, demand for these products will only continue to rise.learn more about Crude oil here:
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Bone resorption inhibitors treat rheumatoid arthritis. decrease inflammation of bones. strengthen bone affected by osteoporosis. prevent hypocalcemia. suppress inflammation
Bone resorption inhibitors prevent the breakdown of bone tissues and are therefore used to strengthen bone affected by osteoporosis.
What is osteoporosis?It is a condition in which the bones have become weak and turned brittle. The term osteoporosis means 'porous bones. Osteoporosis weakens the bones and thus increases the risk of bone fractures which are sudden and unexpected.
This disease causes a decrease in bone density. It usually starts without any symptoms and doesn't cause any pain and is only diagnosed when a fracture has been caused in a weak bone.
Bone resorption is a natural process of breakdown of bone tissue to supply calcium to the body and this process is usually carried out with bone formation.
During osteoporosis, medications suppressing bone resorption are prescribed to inhibit or slow down the process of breakdown of bones
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The hepatic portal vein collects blood from the gi tract and conducts it to the ____.
a. liver
b. hepatic vein
c. heart
d. spleen
Answer:
a.
Explanation:
The portal vein or hepatic portal vein (HPV) is a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver.
Which activity would be an example of ""knowledge"" in bloom’s taxonomy?
The term micromanagement is an activity that might represent the knowledge stage Bloom's Taxonomy.
The six-tier pyramid of learning levels known as Bloom's Taxonomy was developed by educational psychologist Benjamin Bloom in 1953 and started with Knowledge as the cornerstone of learning.
Six main categories make up the framework developed by Bloom and his collaborators: Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Knowledge involves the recall of details and universals, the recall of procedures and processes, or the recall of a pattern, structure, or context," according to the definition of Knowledge.
With the assumption that Knowledge was an essential prerequisite for putting these skills and abilities into practice, the categories after Knowledge were presented as "skills and abilities."
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In a typical monohybrid cross, all of the offspring in which generation will exhibit a single trait without blending?
In F1 mono-hybrid cross, all of the offspring in which generation will exhibit a single trait without blending. It is one parents id homozygous for one allele, and other parents is homozygous for the allele.
Mono-hybrid cross used to identify the dominance relation between two alleles. The hybrid of two organism with homozygous genotype which result in the opposite phenotype for genetic trait.
Mendel start this with the pair of pea plant by two contrasting trait such as tall and other one is dwarf. The cross pollination with each other which resulted that all plants are tall and this is called first hybrid generation or F1 progeny.
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Dna codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein, but not for sugars or lipids. This is because?
Proteins are the main structural and functional components of cells.
Each group of three bases in mRNA constitutes a codon, and each codon specifies a particular amino acid. The mRNA sequence is thus used as a template to assemble in order the chain of amino acids that form a protein.
The sequence of a protein is determined by the DNA of the gene that encodes the protein change in the gene's DNA sequence may lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein. The sequence of amino acids of a protein determines protein shape, since the chemical properties of each amino acid are forces that give rise to intermolecular interactions to begin to create secondary structures, such as α-helices and β-strands.
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What is the condition called when your body's immune system is an otherwise harmless foreign particle?
Allergic reaction occurs when our body's immune system reacts to otherwise harmless foreign particle . The immune system recognize that invaders by their antigens, which are protein on the surface of invading cells.
Allergy is a condition in which immune system reacts abnormally to any foreign particles or substances.They may takes few days to disappear. It can caused b y pollen season, medications, or any specific substances that causes allergic reaction is called allergen.
Having an allergy increase the risk of certain type of medical problems such as- anaphylaxis, asthma,sinusitis, etc. Its prevention is depends on the type of allergic reaction such as avoid known triggers,keep a diary, wear a medical alert bracelet.
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The table shows the rate of melanoma by gender.
Consider the number of males who were diagnosed with melanoma in 2005. What quantity does this number represent?
In 2005, 27.99 percent of males were diagnosed with melanoma.
In 2005, 27.99 males out of 100 were diagnosed with melanoma.
In 2005, 27.99 cases of melanoma were diagnosed in males.
In 2005, 27.99 males out of every 100,000 were diagnosed with melanoma.
The correct answer is: In 2005, 27.99 males out of every 100,000 were diagnosed with melanoma; option D.
What is melanoma?Melanoma is a malignant form of skin cancer which affects the pigment-producing cells that give color to the skin known as melanocytes.
Melanoma, just like any other form of cancer occurs when the normal growth and division of cells in the body is compromised such that the cells grows and divides at an abnormally high rate.
Melanoma can occur in any part of the body and spreads quickly to other organs in the body if left untreated.
Treatment options for melanoma may include surgery, radiation, medications, or chemotherapy.
The given table gives a statistics of the cases of melanoma per 100,000 in a population.
The table indicates that in 2005, 27.99 males out of every 100,000 were diagnosed with melanoma.
In conclusion, it can be seen from the table that out of every 100,000 persons, 27.99 percent of males were diagnosed with melanoma in 2005.
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The carrier molecule which transports fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane is.
The carrier molecule which transports fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane is -- Carnitine
What is Carnitine ?
A small molecule, carnitine, serves as a carrier across the mitochondrial membrane. This pathway requires no chemical energy supply; rather, the fact that the fatty acid in the mitochondrial matrix is being broken down by oxidation drives the process.
How are fatty acids transported into the cell?
Transport of long-chain fatty acids across the cell membrane has long been thought to occur by passive diffusion. However, in recent years there has been a fundamental shift in understanding, and it is now generally recognized that fatty acids cross the cell membrane via a protein-mediated mechanism.
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Which event is not a likely outcome of glucagon binding to its receptor? increase in:
An increase in GDP binding to the Gα subunit of the G protein is NOT a likely outcome of glucagon binding to its receptor. the correct answer is option(a).
Glucagon causes conformational changes in its receptor, which is mostly found in the liver and kidney when it attaches to it. This results in the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins, particularly the Gs alpha subunit, which then begins signaling the activation of adenylyl cyclase enzymes.
Adenylate cyclase is activated by the Gs protein, which then catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), thereby raising intracellular cAMP levels. The glucagon signaling pathway is started by binding to specific receptors on the target cell membrane.
In addition to controlling the metabolism of carbohydrates, insulin and glucagon also have a number of physiologic functions. The binding of each hormone to receptors on the target cells starts the physiological effects of insulin and glucagon on the cell.
Therefore, the correct answer is option(a) because adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A activities as well as the level of cAMP are all enhanced once glucagon binds to its receptor and activates its associated G protein. In contrast, G protein activation encourages bound GDP dissociation and its exchange for GTP on the subunit.
The complete question is:
Which event is NOT a likely outcome of glucagon binding to its receptor? Increase in:
GDP binding to Gα subunit of the G protein
adenylate cyclase activity
protein kinase A activity
cAMP generation
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The major differenc ebetween the use of scrubber and the use of fluidiozed - bed combustions as pollution control measures in power plants is?
The major difference between the use of scrubbers and the use of fluidized - bed combustions as pollution control measures in power plants is that fluidized bed combustions usually operate at a lower temperature whereas scrubbers require higher temperatures.
Mixing crushed coal with limestone is a part of fluidized bed combustion.
The limestone neutralizes a large portion of the sulphur dioxide in the coal. Finally, steam is produced by boiling water using the heat produced by combustion.
With the help of gas, water, and air, a scrubber may separate and remove particles that are in liquid or sludge form or that escape as clean gas.
In some circumstances, water droplets scrape sulphur dioxide and particles from exhaust streams, converting them to sludge that can be disposed of later.
The process starts with dirty air entering, combustion exhaust steam moving upward in mist, mist collecting particles and bringing them to the bottom of the unit, dirty water moving sludge to a removal system, sludge is separated from water and disposed of, water moving to the scrubber for reuse, mist collecting on screen, and clear air exiting.
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If this cell undergoes meiosis. How many different genotypes could the resulting haploid cells have?
Answer:
At the conclusion of meiosis, there are four haploid daughter cells that go on to develop into either sperm or egg cells.
Section 2: HUMAN IMPACT
In this section of your project, describe how human behaviors impact the environment. Choose your top 3 environmental impacts to describe in this section include how they affect the environment (examples: decreased water quality, increased pollution, greenhouse emissions, depletion of natural resources).
Human behaviors greatly impact the environment by overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation.
How human behaviors impact the environment?Humans impact the environment in many ways such as overpopulation, pollution, burning of fossil fuels, and deforestation. These changes triggered the climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water. So that's why we can say that human intervention in the environment is not good for our environment.
So we can conclude that human behaviors greatly impact the environment by overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation.
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The muscle that circles the mouth and is responsible for contracting, puckering and wrinkling the lips is the?
Answer:
Orbicularis oris muscle
Explanation:
Orbicularis oris muscle is the muscle related to the following activities. It is also related to the functioning of the nearby areas and for various other purposes too.
6. what is the approximate weight in kd of the band that is unique to crab muscle protein and is not found in abundance in fish?
75Kda is the approximate weight of the band that is unique to crab muscle protein and is not found in abundance in fish.
An incredibly complex, naturally occurring molecule known as a protein is made up of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds. All living things contain proteins, which are the building blocks of numerous vital biological substances like enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.
Lack of protein can result in muscle mass loss, which reduces strength, makes it more difficult to maintain balance, and slows metabolism. When your cells don't receive enough oxygen, it can also cause anemia, which makes you exhausted.
While an excess of amino acids is often eliminated, an excess of protein is typically retained as fat. Over time, this may result in weight gain, especially if you try to boost your protein consumption while consuming too many calories.
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How would spraying a yard with chemical pesticides to control insects be most likely to affect the diversity of insects found in it? there would be fewer species of insects and fewer insects in general in the yard. there would be more harmful insects and fewer beneficial insects in the yard. there would be fewer harmful insects and more beneficial insects in the yard. there would be more species of insects, but fewer insects in general in the yard.
There would be fewer species of insects and fewer insects in general in the yard.
What are the effects of pesticides on insects?Lower pesticides doses or concentrations in field crops typically appear after the initial treatment because they decay due to a number of abiotic factors such rainfall, temperature, and sunlight. Insects may be exposed to insecticides in this fashion, at sublethal dosages or concentrations, in the wild, and may suffer effects that are sublethal.
Sublethal effects are those on people or communities that persist after exposure to a toxin at a lethal or sublethal dose or concentration. They might be biological, physiological, demographic, or behavioral.
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A phrase that applies to covalent bonding and not other kinds of bonds is:_________
a. paired electrons.
b. charge attraction.
c. great strength.
d. electron-sharing.
e. all of the above.
Answer:
The answer would be D. electron-sharing
Explanation:
Only in covalent bonds do atoms share electrons.
:)
Hope this helped!
A phrase that applies specifically to covalent bonding and not other kinds of bonds is "electron-sharing." Option D is correct.
In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. This sharing of electrons allows atoms to fill their outermost energy levels and form strong bonds.
In contrast, other types of bonds, such as ionic bonds, involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions and the attraction between oppositely charged particles. This process is referred to as "charge attraction."
The phrase "paired electrons" is a general term that can apply to both covalent and other types of bonds. In covalent bonding, electrons are shared in pairs, but in other types of bonds, electrons may not necessarily be shared in pairs.
The phrase "great strength" is also not specific to covalent bonding. The strength of a bond depends on various factors, such as the nature of the atoms involved, the number of shared electrons, and the distance between the nuclei of the bonded atoms. Different types of bonds can exhibit different strengths.
Therefore, the correct answer is "d. electron-sharing," as this phrase specifically applies to covalent bonding and distinguishes it from other types of bonds.
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Mary is campaigning for improved air quality in her city. she is very concerned about carbon and methane outputs, but not phosphorous. why is that?
In her city, Mary is advocating for better air quality. She is really worried about emissions of carbon and methane but not phosphorous. She believes that phosphorus improves the quality of the air.
Why does methane cause so much global warming harm?Methane reacts in a number of dangerous ways as it is released into the atmosphere. For starters, methane typically exits the atmosphere through oxidation, when it is converted to carbon dioxide and water vapor. Methane, therefore, not only directly but also indirectly through the emission of carbon dioxide, contributes to global warming.Why is the problem of carbon emissions?CO2 emissions trap heat in the atmosphere like a blanket, warming the planet as a result. The Earth cannot cool due to this layer, which results in an increase in global temperatures. Sea levels, weather patterns, food and water supply, and environmental conditions would all be impacted by global warming.The benefits of phosphorus on the environmentFor plants and animals to flourish and for agricultural and livestock production to remain viable, phosphorus (P) is a crucial ingredient. Eutrophication, the natural aging process that lakes or streams go through as a result of nutrient enrichment, is another way that it might boost the biological productivity of surface waters.learn more about phosphorous here
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Answer:
Phosphorous is most commonly found as phosphate rock
Explanation:
Describe the flow of blood from the umbilical vein to the descending aorta in the developing fetus.
Oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood are transferred across the placenta to the fetus through the umbilical cord. This enriched blood flows through the umbilical vein toward the baby's liver. There it moves through a shunt called the ductus venosus. This allows some of the blood to go to the liver.
A small amount of the blood continues on to the lungs. Most of this blood is shunted through the ductus arteriosus to the descending aorta. This blood then enters the umbilical arteries and flows into the placenta. The oxygen rich blood then returns to the fetus via the third vessel in the umbilical cord (umbilical vein). The oxygen rich blood that enters the fetus passes through the fetal liver and enters the right side of the heart.
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Which substances are inorganic? Check all that apply. butter gasoline gold quartz wheat sodium carbonate
The substances that are inorganic are as follows:
GasolineSodium carbonateGoldWhat are inorganic substances?Inorganic substances are those substances that does not originate in a living organism or are not products of a living organism.
On the other hand, organic substances originate from living sources.
Examples of organic substances are as follows:
CarbohydratesProteinLipidsNucleic acidsTherefore, the substances that are inorganic are as follows:
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Answer:
Sodium, Quartz, and Gold
Explanation:
Organisms in the same ecosystem are all _______. a. interrogative b. interdependent c. intermediate d. interceptive please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Option (B) Interdependent is the correct answer.
How do organisms live in an ecosystem?
An ecosystem comprises two components ie. living and non-living. Living components include all the organisms such as animals, humans, plants, etc., and nonliving components include soil, air, water, etc. All the organisms which live in the same ecosystem are interdependent, as well as dependent on nonliving components too. This is called interdependence.
They are dependent on each other for food, shelter, pollination, seed dispersal, etc.
The food chains and food webs are the most important example of interdependence shown by organisms living in an ecosystem.
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Answer:
B
Explanation:
Edge 2022
Does the entire process of glucose breakdown in the body occurs in the presence of oxygen?
The correct option is (b)i.e, false that the entire process of glucose breakdown in the body occurs in the presence of oxygen.
The metabolic process that converts glucose into pyruvic acid is known as glycolysis. The high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are created using the free energy released during this process. A series of ten enzyme-catalyzed processes make up glycolysis.
Another name for glycolysis is the EMP pathway. It is named after Embden, Meyerhof, and Parnas, the names of the discoverers. Because it is the metabolic process by which glucose produces cellular energy, glycolysis is significant. The most crucial source of energy for all living things is glucose. The great majority of cells in the human body chose glucose as their preferred fuel because only red blood cells can utilize it.
Fermentation is a process that allows glycolysis to occur in the absence of oxygen. The citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and the other three phases of cellular respiration all require oxygen to function. In the cytoplasm of the cell, glucose is first broken down. This cellular respiration process is anaerobic, which means oxygen is not needed for it to occur.
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An axosomatic synapse occurs between the axon terminals of one neuron and the ________ of a proximal neuron.
When testing tonicity in potato strips, you soaked potato strips in different solutions. you were then able to determine the tonicity of the solutions based on:_____.
When testing tonicity in potato strips, you soaked potato strips in different solutions. you were then able to determine the tonicity of the solutions based on Whether the potato was crisp or flaccid.
Tonicity is a degree of the powerful osmotic stress gradient; the water potential of solutions separated with the resource of a partially permeable cell membrane. The capability of an extracellular manner to make water move into or out of cellular with the aid of using osmosis is referred to as its tonicity.
Tonicity relies upon on the relative awareness of selective membrane impermeable solutes during a cellular membrane which determine the route and volume of osmotic flux.
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What characteristic of a microscope enables one to switch from one objective to another?
True or false: as the most extensively used chlorine compounds, hypochlorites are used for sewage and waste water disinfection.
The statement is true.
What type of chlorides are used for sewage and waste water disinfection?Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a compound that can be used for water purification in the water purification plant. It is used on a large scale for surface purification, bleaching, odor removal and water disinfection purposes. Hypochlorites are used for sewage and waste water disinfection as the most extensively used chlorine compounds.
So we can conclude that the answer is true.
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How can you use word components to relate medical terms to the structure and function?
Word components are used as word roots, prefixes and suffixes to relate medical terms to structure and function.
What is medical terminology?Medical terminology is a standard set of words used by medical professionals for efficient communication among themselves and for efficient documentation.
It reduces errors that can be caused by poor communication ensuring that the entire staff can study a patient's previous documentation for early diagnosis and treatment.
Medical terminology can therefore be broken down into roots, prefixes and suffixes to avoid any error in treatment. In simple words, any mistake or misunderstanding by medical professionals can result in the loss of lives. That is why medical terminology is important.
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