In the Ricardian trade model, if the world price of oil increases, it will have a negative impact on the welfare of an oil-importing country like Germany. Germany specializes in the production of "Manufacturing Goods" and imports oil. In the Ricardian model, it is assumed that countries specialize in the production of goods in which they have a comparative advantage.
This enables them to produce goods more efficiently, at a lower cost than other countries, and thus trade with them. Since Germany specializes in the production of manufacturing goods, it is assumed that it has a comparative advantage in this field, and it exports these goods to other countries. In contrast, it imports oil from other countries, assuming that it does not have an abundant supply of oil. If the price of oil increases in the world market, then the price that Germany pays for oil will increase. This will increase the cost of production for manufacturing goods, since oil is a necessary input in the production of these goods.
As a result, the price of manufacturing goods will increase, and Germany will export less of these goods to other countries, and may even reduce the production of these goods to compensate for the higher cost of production. This will reduce the welfare of Germany, as it will lead to a reduction in the amount of goods that it exports, and the higher prices will make it harder for German consumers to purchase these goods.
Therefore, if the world price of oil increases, it will have a negative impact on the welfare of an oil-importing country like Germany.
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What are the advantage of controlling environmental contamination
by seperately regulating the elemental media of air, water, and
land? what are the limitations of this approach?
Controlling environmental contamination by separately regulating the elemental media of air, water, and land offers advantages such as focused and targeted regulations specific to each media, efficient monitoring and enforcement, and the ability to address unique challenges.
The advantage of separately regulating the elemental media of air, water, and land is that it allows for targeted regulations tailored to the specific characteristics and challenges of each media. For example, regulations can be developed to control air pollution sources, water pollution sources, and land contamination sources individually, leading to more effective and efficient management. Monitoring and enforcement efforts can be focused on the particular media, enabling more accurate assessments and timely actions to mitigate contamination. However, this approach has limitations. One limitation is the potential for regulatory gaps and inconsistencies, as separate regulations may not fully account for interactions and cross-media effects. Contamination issues may arise that span multiple media, making it difficult to address comprehensively through separate regulations. Additionally, assessing the cumulative effects of contamination from multiple media can be challenging when regulations focus on individual media.
To overcome these limitations, there is a need for integrated and holistic management approaches that consider the interconnectedness of air, water, and land. This includes adopting strategies such as integrated pollution prevention and control, ecosystem-based management, and sustainable development practices. By considering the interactions and cumulative impacts of contamination across media, a more comprehensive and effective approach can be achieved to protect the environment and human health. In summary, separately regulating the elemental media of air, water, and land provides advantages such as focused regulations and efficient monitoring. However, limitations include potential regulatory gaps, challenges in assessing cumulative effects, and the need for integrated management approaches to address complex contamination issues.
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1. Illustrate the importance of Human Resources Management in the context of an organization's strategic plan.
2. Illustrate the importance of operations management in the context of an organization's strategic plan.
1. Human Resources Management (HRM) aligns the organization's human capital with its strategic goals, ensuring the right people and skills are in place.
Human Resources Management (HRM) plays a crucial role in an organization's strategic plan by aligning the management of human capital with the overall goals and objectives of the organization. It ensures that the organization has the right people with the right skills and competencies to drive the strategic initiatives forward.
HRM is responsible for talent acquisition, development, and retention, ensuring that the organization has a competent and motivated workforce. By strategically planning for staffing needs, identifying skill gaps, and implementing effective recruitment and training programs, HRM ensures that the organization has the necessary human resources to achieve its strategic objectives.
2. Operations Management optimizes processes and resources to deliver products/services efficiently, aligning with the organization's strategic objectives.
Operations Management is essential in the context of an organization's strategic plan as it focuses on efficiently and effectively managing the processes and resources that create and deliver the organization's products or services. It involves the design, implementation, and control of operations to meet customer demands, optimize resources, and achieve operational excellence.
Operations management is critical for the successful execution of the strategic plan as it ensures that the organization's operations are aligned with its overall goals and objectives. It involves strategic decision-making regarding capacity planning, process design, supply chain management, quality control, and continuous improvement.
By effectively managing operations, organizations can achieve cost efficiencies, improve customer satisfaction, and gain a competitive advantage. Operations management helps in identifying opportunities for process improvements, streamlining operations, and implementing innovative approaches to enhance productivity and reduce costs.
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a. no major entrepreneurial successes have been realized in the last three decades. b. the upper limit for entrepreneurial profits is somewhere between $750,000 and $1 million. C. an entrepreneur can never earn as much as a major corporate executive. d. any individual is free to enter into business for him/herself.
However, it is important to note that starting a business requires careful planning, capital investment, and the ability to navigate various legal and regulatory requirements.
a. The statement that no major entrepreneurial successes have been realized in the last three decades is not accurate. Over the past three decades, there have been numerous examples of successful entrepreneurs who have built highly successful companies and achieved significant financial success.
b. The statement that the upper limit for entrepreneurial profits is somewhere between $750,000 and $1 million is subjective and cannot be universally generalized. The potential for entrepreneurial profits varies greatly depending on factors such as the industry, market conditions, business model, and the entrepreneur's skills and efforts.
c. The statement that an entrepreneur can never earn as much as a major corporate executive is not accurate. While it is true that some corporate executives may earn substantial salaries and bonuses, successful entrepreneurs have the potential to build highly profitable businesses and accumulate significant wealth.
d. The statement that any individual is free to enter into business for themselves is generally true. In many countries, individuals have the freedom to start their own businesses and become entrepreneurs.
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A permanent steel building used for the overhaul of dewatering systems (engines, pumps, and wellpoints) is placed in service on July 10 by a calendar-year taxpayer for $400,000. It is sold almost 5 years later on May 15. Determine the depreciation deduction during each of the years involved.
Determine the unrecovered investment during each of the years involved.
The amount of depreciation deduction during each of the years involved, and the unrecovered investment during each of the years involved for a permanent steel building used for the overhaul of dewatering systems that is placed in service on July 10 by a calendar-year taxpayer for $400,000 and is sold almost 5 years later on May 15
We need to determine the depreciation deduction during each of the years involved and also determine the unrecovered investment during each of the years involved.
Depreciation: The mid-month convention applies to the building. We use the MACRS depreciation method.
Year 1: 2016 Depreciation deduction: 6/120 × $400,000 = $20,000
Year 2: 2017 Depreciation deduction: 12/120 × $400,000 = $40,000
Year 3: 2018 Depreciation deduction: 12/120 × $400,000 = $40,000
Year 4: 2019 Depreciation deduction: 12/120 × $400,000 = $40,000
Year 5: 2020 (Sales year) Depreciation deduction: 5/120 × $400,000 = $16,667
Unrecovered Investment:
Unrecovered investment at the end of Year 1 = $400,000 - $20,000 = $380,000
Unrecovered investment at the end of Year 2 = $380,000 - $40,000 = $340,000
Unrecovered investment at the end of Year 3 = $340,000 - $40,000 = $300,000
Unrecovered investment at the end of Year 4 = $300,000 - $40,000 = $260,000
Unrecovered investment at the end of Year 5 (Sales year) = $260,000 - $16,667 = $243,333
So, The depreciation deduction during each of the years involved:
Year 1: $20,000
Year 2: $40,000
Year 3: $40,000
Year 4: $40,000
Year 5: $16,667
Unrecovered investment during each of the years involved:
Unrecovered investment at the end of Year 1 = $400,000 - $20,000 = $380,000
Unrecovered investment at the end of Year 2 = $380,000 - $40,000 = $340,000
Unrecovered investment at the end of Year 3 = $340,000 - $40,000 = $300,000
Unrecovered investment at the end of Year 4 = $300,000 - $40,000 = $260,000
Unrecovered investment at the end of Year 5 (Sales year) = $260,000 - $16,667 = $243,333
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Karen is considering opening a new store. It will require
$1,113,500 in capital spending to begin the project, as well as an
increase in net working capital of $131,000. Once operational, she
forecast
The annual cash inflows of $380,000. However, Karen wants to determine the payback period for her investment before making a final decision.
To calculate the payback period, Karen needs to determine how long it will take for the cumulative cash inflows to equal or exceed the initial investment. Here's how she can calculate the payback period:
Subtract the net working capital increase from the initial capital spending: $1,113,500 - $131,000 = $982,500.
Therefore, it will take approximately 2.58 years for Karen's cumulative cash inflows to equal or exceed her initial investment. She can use this information to assess the feasibility and profitability of the store project.
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What are Basic steps in Theoretical framework of Research?
Theoretical framework is a basic concept or theoretical model that guides your research. It is an important component of research design. The theoretical framework is a set of principles that guides the research by providing a well-thought-out plan for what the research should include.
It provides a framework for understanding and interpreting research findings.
The following are the basic steps in the theoretical framework of research:
1. Identify the problem: To develop a theoretical framework, it is necessary to identify the problem and research question. The research problem should be clear and specific.
2. Review the literature: Once the research problem is identified, the next step is to review the existing literature. This helps in identifying the research gap and how the proposed research can contribute to knowledge.
3. Develop a conceptual framework: The conceptual framework is developed based on the literature review. It is a visual representation of the key concepts, variables, and relationships between them. It helps in developing the research hypothesis.
4. Formulate research questions and hypotheses: The research questions and hypotheses are formulated based on the conceptual framework. The research questions are broad and open-ended, while the hypotheses are specific and testable.
5. Identify the research methodology: The research methodology is identified based on the research questions and hypotheses. It includes the research design, sampling strategy, data collection method, and data analysis method.
6. Test the theoretical framework: The theoretical framework is tested by collecting data and analyzing it. The results are compared with the expected outcomes based on the theoretical framework. If the results are consistent with the expected outcomes, then the theoretical framework is valid.
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Bob produces flower pots for sale, which he designs and manufactures using 3-D printing technology. Bob rents a building for $30,000 per month and rents machinery for $20,000 a month. Those are his fixed costs. His variable cost per month is given in the accompanying table. Quantity of flower potsVC0$01,0005,0002,0008,0003,0009,0004,00014,0005,00020,0006,00033,0007,00049,0008,00072,0009,00099,00010,000150,000. a. Plot Bob's marginal cost curve.
Graph:
b. Over what range of prices will Bob produce no flower pots in the short run?
c. Bob's individual supply curve is the portion of his MC curve starting at a price of
a. Plot the marginal cost curve using the given table and the formula: MC = Change in total cost / Change in quantity.
b. Bob will produce no flower pots in the short run if the market price is less than $5.50 per flower pot.
c. Bob's individual supply curve starts at a price of $5.50 per flower pot.
a. The marginal cost curve can be plotted using the given table and the formula: MC = Change in total cost / Change in quantity.
To plot the marginal cost curve, we can calculate the marginal cost for each quantity using the formula. The given table provides the variable cost for each quantity, which represents the change in total cost. The change in quantity is the difference between consecutive quantities (e.g., 1000, 2000, 3000, etc.).
Using the formula MC = Change in total cost / Change in quantity, we can calculate the marginal cost for each quantity:
MC 1000 = 10 / (1000 - 0)
MC 2000 = (14 - 10) / (2000 - 1000)
MC 3000 = (20 - 14) / (3000 - 2000)
MC 4000 = (34 - 20) / (4000 - 3000)
MC 5000 = (49 - 34) / (5000 - 4000)
MC 6000 = (83 - 49) / (6000 - 5000)
MC 7000 = (126 - 83) / (7000 - 6000)
MC 8000 = (180 - 126) / (8000 - 7000)
MC 9000 = (249 - 180) / (9000 - 8000)
MC 10000 = (510 - 249) / (10000 - 9000)
These calculations give us the values for the marginal cost at each quantity. Plotting these values on a graph will result in Bob's marginal cost curve.
b. In the short run, Bob will produce no flower pots if the market price falls below his average variable cost. In this case, the average variable cost is the variable cost divided by the quantity. From the table, we can see that when the quantity is 1,000, the variable cost is $5,000. Therefore, the average variable cost is $5,000 / 1,000 = $5.
Thus, Bob will produce no flower pots in the short run if the market price is less than $5 per flower pot.
c. Bob's individual supply curve is a portion of his marginal cost curve that starts from the minimum price that covers his variable costs. From part b, we know that Bob will produce no flower pots if the market price is less than $5.50 per flower pot. Therefore, the supply curve for Bob would start at a price of $5.50 per flower pot.
In summary, Bob's individual supply curve starts at a price of $5.50 per flower pot and represents the portion of his marginal cost curve that covers his variable costs. This means that Bob will supply flower pots at prices equal to or higher than $5.50, reflecting his production decisions based on variable costs and market prices.
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at the end of the current year, accounts receivable has a balance of $410,000, allowance for doubtful accounts has a debit balance of $3,500, and sales for the year total $1,850,000. using the aging method, the balance of allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated as $18,900.
a. determine the amount of the adjusting entry for uncollectible accounts. $fill in the blank 1 18,900
b. determine the adjusted balances of accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts, and bad debt expense. accounts receivable $fill in the blank 2 410,000 allowance for doubtful accounts $fill in the blank 3 3,500 bad debt expense $fill in the blank 4
c. determine the net realizable value of accounts receivable.
The amount for uncollectible accounts is $15,400 and the adjusted balances are accounts receivable $410,000, allowance for doubtful accounts $18,900, and bad debt expense $15,400.
a. To determine the amount of the adjusting entry for uncollectible accounts, we subtract the estimated balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts ($18,900) from the current balance ($3,500). The adjusting entry will be the difference: $15,400.
b. After the adjusting entry, the adjusted balances are as follows: accounts receivable remain at $410,000, the allowance for doubtful accounts increases to $18,900, and the bad debt expense is $15,400, which represents the increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts.
c. The net realizable value of accounts receivable is calculated by subtracting the allowance for doubtful accounts from the accounts receivable balance. Therefore, the net realizable value is $410,000 - $18,900 = $391,000. This represents the estimated amount of accounts receivable that the company expects to collect after considering potential uncollectible accounts.
By adjusting the allowance for doubtful accounts and recognizing bad debt expense, the company reflects a more accurate estimation of the uncollectible accounts and presents a more realistic net realizable value of accounts receivable on the balance sheet.
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If an organization increased the units that produced from 3000 to
4500 units. That means it increased its production by
50%.
True
False
The statement "If an organization increased the units that produced from 3000 to 4500 units. That means it increased its production by 50%." is False.A percentage is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. For example, 20% is equal to 20/100 = 0.2.
As a result, we can compare figures using a percentage.In order to calculate the percentage increase between two values, the following formula is used:% increase = [(new value - old value) ÷ old value] × 100Now let's calculate the percentage increase between the two values given in the question:% increase = [(4500 - 3000) ÷ 3000] × 100= (1500 ÷ 3000) × 100= 0.5 × 100= 50%So the percentage increase in production from 3000 to 4500 units is 50%.Therefore, the statement "If an organization increased the units that produced from 3000 to 4500 units. That means it increased its production by 50%." is True.
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Briefly describe the valuation mechanisms for NFTs and Metaverse
projects.
NFTs and metaverse projects are still in their infancy, and as such, their valuation mechanisms are still evolving. However, rarity, scarcity, creator, historical significance, user base, community support, features and functionality, and partnerships are some of the most commonly used valuation mechanisms for these digital assets.
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are unique digital assets, and they are considered as an integral part of the metaverse ecosystem. In this scenario, valuation mechanisms come into play as these mechanisms allow the NFTs and metaverse projects to be sold and exchanged. As such, the value of NFTs and metaverse projects depends on several factors.Valuation mechanisms for NFTsNFTs are digital assets with unique qualities that are difficult to replicate. Thus, valuation mechanisms for NFTs are quite different from traditional valuation mechanisms. The following are some of the most commonly used valuation mechanisms for NFTs:1. Rarity: NFTs are unique digital assets, and their rarity determines their value.2. Scarcity: The scarcity of NFTs is another factor that determines their value.3. Creator: The creator of an NFT can also influence its value.4. Historical significance: Historical significance is another factor that can impact the value of NFTs.Valuation mechanisms for Metaverse projectsValuation mechanisms for metaverse projects are determined by the underlying technology, platform, and use cases. Some of the most commonly used valuation mechanisms for metaverse projects are as follows:1. User base: The number of users in a metaverse project is an important factor in its valuation.2. Community support: The level of community support for a metaverse project also influences its value.3. Features and functionality: The features and functionality of a metaverse project can also impact its value.4. Partnerships: Partnerships with other companies or projects can help to raise the value of a metaverse project.
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Explain four Social/ Demographic Threats to Cadbury Dairy
Milk
Social and demographic threats to Cadbury Dairy Milk can include shifting consumer preferences, changing demographics, health concerns, and ethical considerations. These threats can impact consumer demand, brand perception, and market positioning.
1. Shifting Consumer Preferences: Changes in consumer preferences and trends can pose a threat to Cadbury Dairy Milk. For example, there has been a growing demand for healthier snack options and increased interest in plant-based alternatives. Cadbury Dairy Milk needs to adapt to these changing preferences by offering products that align with consumer expectations for healthier ingredients or alternative dietary choices.
2. Changing Demographics: Demographic shifts, such as aging populations or changing population distributions, can impact consumer behavior and demand for specific products. Cadbury Dairy Milk must understand and cater to the preferences and needs of different demographic segments to maintain relevance and sustain market growth.
3. Health Concerns: Heightened awareness of health issues and nutrition has led to increased scrutiny of sugary and high-calorie products. Cadbury Dairy Milk needs to address these health concerns by offering healthier variants, reducing sugar content, or introducing portion-controlled options to meet consumer demands for healthier choices.
4. Ethical Considerations: Consumers are increasingly conscious of ethical and sustainability issues. Cadbury Dairy Milk must ensure responsible sourcing of ingredients, fair labor practices, and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes to align with consumer expectations and avoid reputational risks associated with unethical practices.
To address these social and demographic threats, Cadbury Dairy Milk should conduct market research, engage with consumers, and innovate its product offerings to cater to changing preferences and address health and ethical concerns. By staying responsive to evolving consumer needs and values, Cadbury Dairy Milk can maintain its market position and reputation in an ever-changing social and demographic landscape.
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The pace at which new businesses are created in the U.S. economy
and the percentage of U.S. jobs in young firms has fallen. Ryan
Decker and others, "The Role of Entrepreneurship in U.S. Job
Creation
According to Ryan Decker and his colleagues, the pace at which new businesses are created in the U.S. economy and the percentage of U.S. jobs in young firms has fallen. This can be attributed to several reasons.
One of the reasons is that there has been a decline in entrepreneurship rates in the U.S. Another reason is the increasing consolidation of markets, which makes it difficult for new firms to penetrate the market. This has created barriers to entry for new businesses. Moreover, there has been a decline in the availability of finance for young firms. The decline in entrepreneurship rates in the U.S. can be attributed to a number of factors, including a decline in the number of self-employed individuals, the aging of the population, and a decline in the rate of business formation. The aging of the population is a significant factor, as older individuals are less likely to start new businesses. Furthermore, there has been a decline in the rate of business formation, which can be attributed to several factors including a decline in the availability of finance for young firms and an increase in the cost of starting a new business.Overall, the decline in the pace of new business creation and the percentage of U.S. jobs in young firms is a cause for concern as new firms are an important source of job creation in the U.S. economy. There is a need to identify and address the barriers to entry that new businesses face. One potential solution is to increase access to finance for young firms and reduce the regulatory burden faced by new businesses.
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Data collected from the economy of Cardtown reveals that a 15% decrease in income leads to the following changes: • A 9% increase in the quantity of spades demanded A 17% decrease in the quantity of horses demanded • A 29% decrease in the quantity of houses demanded Compute the income elasticity of demand for each good and use the dropdown menus to complete the first column in the following table. Then, based on its income elasticity, indicate whether each good is a normal good or an inferior good. (Hint: Be careful to keep track of the direction of change. The sign of the income elasticity of demand can be positive or negative, and the sign confers important information.) Good Income Elasticity of Demand Normal or Inferior Good Spades Horses Houses Which of the following three goods is most likely to be classified as a luxury good? O Houses Spades Horses
Income Elasticity of Demand:Income elasticity of demand is a term that refers to the connection between a shift in quantity demanded for a good and a change in the real income of consumers. The formula for computing income elasticity of demand is:Change in quantity demanded of good X / Change in income of consumers.
The sign of the income elasticity coefficient can be either negative or positive; it is positive for normal goods and negative for inferior goods and provides details about the type of good under consideration. If Ei is greater than 1, it implies that the good is a luxury good, whereas if Ei is less than 1,
it implies that the good is a necessity good.In this scenario, we can calculate the income elasticity of demand of each good as follows:For Spades:Income Elasticity of Demand = (% Change in quantity demanded of spades) / (% Change in Income)Income Elasticity of Demand = 9% / -15%Income Elasticity of Demand = -0.6Spades are an inferior good as income elasticity of demand is negative and less than one.
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In modern times it is possible that an employee could have a number of different jobs in a short amount of time. Do you think this frequent job changing could skew results for this type of ""ideal"" employee selection? Do you think potential candidates can use these screening mechanisms to their advantage by making themselves seem like perfect candidates when in fact they are not?
Frequent job changes can complicate the selection of ideal employees, raising concerns about commitment, stability, and adaptability.
What is employee selection?Frequent job changes may be seen as a red flag by employers, but it does not always indicate a lack of competence. Valid reasons for job changes must be considered, such as seeking better opportunities, career change, or downsizing.
Therefore, in the case above, Employers must assess overall qualifications and potential, not based solely on work history. Candidates may manipulate screening processes to appear perfect.
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Moving to another question will save this response. tion 6 Kingdom Corporation has the following: Preferred stock, $10 par value, 8%, 50,000 shares issued $500,000 Common stock, $15 par value, 300,000 shares issued and outstanding $4,500,000 2020, The company declared and paid $30,000 of cash dividends. 2021, The company declared and paid $150,000 of cash dividend. equired: How much is the TOTAL cash dividends that will be distributed to preferred and common stockholders over the two years, assuming the preferred stock is Non-cumulative lease DO NOT use the "$" and "," signs in you answer. For example, if the right answer is Preferred $10,000 and Common $15,000, it should be EXACTLY written as: 0000 5000 referred Common Moving to another question will save this response.
To calculate the total cash dividends distributed to preferred and common stockholders over the two years, we need to consider the dividend rates and the number of shares issued for each type of stock.
Preferred stock:
Par value: $10
Dividend rate: 8%
Number of shares issued: 50,000
Common stock:
Par value: $15
Number of shares issued and outstanding: 300,000
2020 cash dividend:
Preferred stock: 8% x $10 x 50,000 shares = $40,000
Common stock: No cash dividend declared
2021 cash dividend:
Preferred stock: 8% x $10 x 50,000 shares = $40,000
Common stock: $150,000
Total cash dividends distributed:
Preferred stock: $40,000 + $40,000 = $80,000
Common stock: $150,000
Therefore, the total cash dividends distributed to preferred and common stockholders over the two years are:
Preferred stock: $80,000
Common stock: $150,000
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You have just hired several new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources. However, they are not sure what tasks are included in their job. According to the MARS model, these new employees will likely:* 1) Have high job performance because they are motivated and able to perform the work. 2) Have lower job performance due to poor role perceptions. 3Have above-average organizational citizenship. 4)Have higher job performance due to poor role perceptions. 5)Emphasize the utilitarianism principle in their decision making.
Option (2), The MARS model stands for motivation, ability, role perception, and situational factors, which are key determinants of individual job performance.
According to the MARS model, new employees who are motivated, able to perform their jobs, and have adequate resources but lack clear role perception will likely have lower job performance despite their ability and motivation.
They may be motivated and have the ability to perform their job, but if they are unsure of what tasks are expected of them, they may not be able to deliver to their fullest potential.
In addition, poor role perception can cause confusion and misunderstandings about what is expected of them, leading to a lack of clarity, decreased job satisfaction, and increased turnover rates. Therefore, it is essential to communicate job roles and expectations to new employees to ensure that they have a clear understanding of what is required of them to perform their jobs effectively.
Finally, the detailed answer is that role perception, or the degree to which individuals understand the expectations of their job responsibilities, is a critical factor in job performance. Without clear role perception, even the most motivated and capable individuals may struggle to meet expectations. Thus, it is essential to provide employees with clear job descriptions and communicate effectively about job roles and expectations to ensure they understand their responsibilities and can perform their job effectively.
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After graduating from college, Joseph Tantillo decided to start a retail Web site that specializes in personalized Greek apparel. To fund his Web site, he borrowed money from his parents (who expect to be repaid with interest). In other words, he used financing 1) debt 2) liquid 3) equity 4) venture 5) entrepreneurial
Joseph Tantillo, after graduating from college, embarked on his entrepreneurial journey by starting a retail website that specializes in personalized Greek apparel. Like many entrepreneurs, he needed financial resources to kickstart his venture. In order to fund his website, Joseph made the decision to borrow money from his parents, who expected to be repaid with interest. Therefore, he chose to finance his business through debt.
Debt financing is a common method used by entrepreneurs and businesses to raise capital. It involves borrowing money from lenders or investors with the promise to repay the principal amount along with interest over a specified period of time. In Joseph's case, his parents acted as his lenders and provided him with the necessary funds to launch his retail website.
The decision to opt for debt financing often comes with its own set of considerations and implications. One of the advantages of debt financing is that it allows entrepreneurs to maintain ownership and control over their business. Joseph, in this case, remains the sole owner of his retail website, as the debt he incurred does not dilute his ownership stake.
Additionally, debt financing offers entrepreneurs the opportunity to benefit from the potential growth and profitability of their business without having to share the ownership or profits with other stakeholders. Joseph, being the sole owner, can retain all the profits generated by his retail website.
On the other hand, debt financing also brings certain responsibilities and risks. Joseph has a legal obligation to repay the borrowed amount to his parents, along with the agreed-upon interest. Failure to make timely payments or defaulting on the loan can have serious consequences, such as damaging his relationship with his parents and potentially affecting his creditworthiness.
The interest rate charged on the borrowed amount is an important factor to consider. It represents the cost of borrowing and affects the overall financial health of the business. Joseph and his parents would have likely discussed and agreed upon an interest rate that reflects the risk associated with the loan and is fair to both parties.
By choosing debt financing, Joseph demonstrates his confidence in the success and profitability of his retail website. He believes that the revenue generated from his business will be sufficient to cover the loan repayment and interest while still allowing him to achieve his financial goals.
Joseph Tantillo decided to finance his retail website specializing in personalized Greek apparel through debt. By borrowing money from his parents, he obtained the necessary capital to launch his business while retaining full ownership and control. Debt financing offers its advantages, such as maintaining ownership and the potential to retain all profits, but also comes with responsibilities and risks, including the obligation to repay the loan and potential consequences of defaulting. Joseph's decision reflects his belief in the future success of his venture and his commitment to repaying his parents with interest.
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13)
In setting standards, management's level of performance
expectation must be something less than ideal. True or False
True. In setting standards, management's level of performance expectation must be something less than ideal because it takes into account factors such as practicality, feasibility, and market conditions.
Standards, in the context of management, refer to predetermined benchmarks or targets that are set for various aspects of organizational performance. These standards serve as a reference point against which actual performance can be evaluated and measured. They provide a basis for assessing performance, identifying deviations, and taking corrective actions. Standards can be set for different areas, including quality, productivity, efficiency, safety, financial performance, and customer satisfaction. They are typically established through a combination of industry best practices, historical data, benchmarking, and organizational goals. Standards help organizations define expectations, monitor progress, and strive for continuous improvement by providing a clear framework for evaluating and comparing performance levels.
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collectible receivables. Apr. 1 Sold merchandise on account to Jim Dobbs, $7,000. The cost of the merchandise is $51400. June 10 Received payment for one-half of the receivable from Jim Dobbs and wrote off the remainder. Date Account Name Debit Credit
Date Account Name Debit CreditApr. 1 Account Receivable 7,000 Sales 7,000 Cost of goods sold 5,140 Inventory 5,140 (To record the sale of merchandise on account to Jim Dobbs)
June 10 Cash ($7,000 x 1/2) 3,500 Account Receivable 3,500 (To record the payment from Jim Dobbs)Account Receivable 3,500 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 3,500 (To record the write off of uncollectible receivables from Jim Dobbs) A collectible receivable is an amount owed to a business by its clients that is likely to be collected.
They are an asset on a company's balance sheet that represents money due to the company for goods or services provided. Companies use various methods to determine the possibility of collecting their accounts receivable, including aging analysis, credit analysis, and third-party credit scoring systems.
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A project’s intermittent cash flows are assumed to be reinvested at the firm’s __________________ when using the Net Present Value (NPV) decision criterion and the project’s ____________________ when using the Internal Rate of Return decision criterion.
Group of answer choices
opportunity cost of funds; hurdle rate
internal rate of return; opportunity cost of funds
required rate of return; modified internal rate of return
cost of capital; internal rate of return
Systematic (or market) risk is that part of a stock’s risk that is non-diversifiable due to the exposure of the stock market to the effects of all of the following EXCEPT
Group of answer choices
changes in the general level of interest rates.
changes in the general level of macroeconomic activity.
changes in corporate tax legislation.
changes in the firm’s unsystematic risks.
Intermittent cash flows are assumed to be reinvested at the firm's opportunity cost of funds for NPV, and the project's internal rate of return for IRR; and systematic risk excludes changes in the firm's unsystematic risks.
When evaluating a project using the Net Present Value (NPV) decision criterion, the assumption is that intermittent cash flows generated by the project will be reinvested at the firm's opportunity cost of funds. This means that any cash inflows received throughout the project's duration will be reinvested at a rate that represents the return the firm could earn on alternative investment opportunities with similar risk. The NPV takes into account the time value of money, discounting future cash flows back to their present value using the opportunity cost of funds as the discount rate. The decision rule is to accept a project if the NPV is positive.
On the other hand, when using the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) decision criterion, the assumption is that intermittent cash flows generated by the project will be reinvested at the project's internal rate of return. The IRR is the discount rate that equates the present value of cash inflows with the present value of cash outflows. The decision rule is to accept a project if the IRR is greater than the required rate of return.
Systematic (or market) risk refers to the part of a stock's risk that cannot be eliminated through diversification. It is influenced by factors that affect the overall stock market. These factors typically include changes in the general level of interest rates, changes in the general level of macroeconomic activity, and changes in corporate tax legislation. However, changes in the firm's unsystematic risks, which are specific to the individual company, do not contribute to systematic risk.
Therefore, the assumptions for reinvestment of cash flows differ between NPV and IRR, with NPV using the opportunity cost of funds and IRR using the project's internal rate of return. Systematic risk encompasses various factors affecting the stock market but excludes changes in a firm's unsystematic risks.
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what is a critical access hospital how are these hospitals reimbursed
CAHs receive special reimbursement to ensure financial viability and sustainability.
A critical access hospital (CAH) is a small, rural hospital that plays a vital role in providing healthcare services to rural communities. The CAH designation is granted by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) in the United States. To qualify as a CAH, a hospital must meet certain criteria, such as being located in a rural area, having no more than 25 inpatient beds, and providing 24/7 emergency care.
One of the key aspects of CAHs is their reimbursement mechanism. These hospitals are reimbursed under a different payment model called cost-based reimbursement. Instead of receiving fixed payments based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), CAHs are reimbursed for the actual costs they incur in providing services to Medicare patients. This reimbursement model helps ensure that CAHs can cover their operational costs and maintain financial stability, considering the unique challenges faced by rural hospitals, such as lower patient volumes and higher operating costs.
In summary, critical access hospitals (CAHs) are rural healthcare facilities that receive a special designation and reimbursement under the Medicare program. They play a crucial role in providing essential healthcare services to underserved areas and are reimbursed based on the actual costs they incur, rather than a fixed payment per service. This reimbursement approach helps support the financial viability of CAHs and ensures continued access to healthcare in rural communities.
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You have calculated the pro forma net income for a new project to be $46,320. The incremental taxes are $23,170 and incremental depreciation is $17,230. What is the operating cash flow? Multiple Choice
a. $69,490
b. $29,090
c. $46,320
d. $63,550
e. $86,720
Operating Cash Flow (OCF) is calculated by adding back the non-cash expenses (such as depreciation) to the net income and then subtracting the incremental taxes.
OCF = Net Income + Depreciation - Taxes
Given that the net income is $46,320, the incremental taxes are $23,170, and the incremental depreciation is $17,230, we can substitute these values into the formula:
OCF = $46,320 + $17,230 - $23,170
OCF = $69,490
Therefore, the operating cash flow for the new project is $69,490.
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Professional services firms exist in many different industries. They include lawyers, advertising professionals, architects, accountants, financial advisers, engineers, and consultants, among others. Basically, they can be any organization or profession that offers customized, knowledge-based services to clients. You are requested to develop an analytical report on any professional service firm, from your choice, at the market of Bahrain. The report should highlight the 7P's elements of the marketing mix the firm uses to attract as well as to manage its customer relationship. Also, the report must address the pricing strategy the firm adopts for charging its range of services. It should spotlight the revenue management; price buckets and fences practice this firm undertakes to moderate its different demand levels. Furthermore, the report should show the marketing communication channels the firm uses to promote as well as educate its prospect/current customers to entertain its offered services activities. Finally, your report must develop a list of recommendations and advice pieces to the chosen service firm to boost its service marketing activities at the market and to enhance its competitiveness.
The professional service firm that I have chosen is an accounting firm based in Bahrain, Ernst & Young (EY).
EY offers several services to its clients, including audit, tax, advisory, and transaction advisory services. They focus on developing long-term relationships with their clients to ensure that they provide customized, knowledge-based services to their clients. The firm has a presence in over 150 countries, including Bahrain.
The report on the 7P's elements of the marketing mix the firm uses to attract as well as to manage its customer relationship are highlighted below.ProductErnst & Young (EY) provides services in four main areas: audit, tax, advisory, and transaction advisory services. They offer customized services to their clients, ensuring that they are provided with tailor-made solutions that suit their specific needs. EY uses a consultative approach, where they work closely with their clients to provide them with personalized service.
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Julie is a single parent with one son. Her current income and expenses are as follows:
Net Income: $32 200/year Rent: $800/month (includes utilities)
Day Care: $250/week Food: $200/week
Clothing: $600/year Transportation: $60/bi-weekly
Car Loan Payments: $150/month Cell Phone: $55/month
Construct a monthly budget for Julie. [5 marks]
Monthly Budget Surplus/Deficit= -$450.67/month. To construct a monthly budget for Julie, we'll convert the given income and expenses to monthly amounts. Here's Julie's monthly budget:
Net Income: $32,200/year ÷ 12 months = $2,683.33/month
Expenses:
Rent: $800/month (includes utilities)
Day Care: $250/week × 52 weeks ÷ 12 months = $1,083.33/month
Food: $200/week × 52 weeks ÷ 12 months = $866.67/month
Clothing: $600/year ÷ 12 months = $50/month
Transportation: $60/bi-weekly × 26 bi-weekly periods ÷ 12 months = $130/month
Car Loan Payments: $150/month
Cell Phone: $55/month
Now let's calculate the total monthly expenses:
Total Monthly Expenses: Rent + Day Care + Food + Clothing + Transportation + Car Loan Payments + Cell Phone
= $800 + $1,083.33 + $866.67 + $50 + $130 + $150 + $55
= $3,134/month
Finally, we can calculate Julie's monthly budget surplus or deficit:
Monthly Budget Surplus/Deficit: Net Income - Total Monthly Expenses
= $2,683.33 - $3,134
= -$450.67/month
Based on the calculations, Julie has a monthly budget deficit of $450.67, which means her expenses exceed her income. She may need to review her expenses and consider adjustments to balance her budget or find ways to increase her income.
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Maseru – Econet Telecom Lesotho (ETL) and the National Life Assurance Company have upgraded their insurance policy from EcoSure Mpolokeng to EcoSure Re Bolokehile.
Launched in 2013, EcoSure Mpolokeng is offered by ETL and underwritten by Lesotho National Life Assurance Company. Since 2013, EcoSure Mpolokeng could only cover one person but the new EcoSure Re Bolokehile can take multiple beneficiaries through its family cover facility.
ETL Chief Executive Officer(CEO), Dennis Platjies, told the media in Maseru yesterday that the changes would ensure increased insurance penetration. "These changes that will drive Ecosure to new heights encompass new products and partnerships within Lesotho and beyond," Mr. Platjies said. He said the most anticipated change is the ability to cover family members under one policy which EcoSure Mpolokeng did not have. "Customers can now cover spouses, biological and adopted children and parents for both the policyholder and spouse with one simcard whereas, previously, it was one simcard for one person." He said with the improved EcoSure funeral cover, policyholders can affordably cover dependents under any of the new premiums and the corresponding payable cover amount will be paid when such the dependent passes on.
For his part, Lesotho National Life Assurance Company managing director, Joseph Letsoela, said ETL has made life easy for Basotho. "Insurance used to be a process of long procedures with lots of paperwork but ETL‘s EcoSure has made things fast and simple because people can now register for insurance with their mobile phones without having to queue for long, " Mr. Letsoela said. He said in the modern day, it was important to align with technology as it made life easier. He said EcoSure was part of the technology that simplified people’s lives. Mr. Letsoela said he was happy that the partnership has grown from where they started off in 2013 as evidenced by the upgrade.
Acting head of department; Econet services, ‘Makatleho Raphoolo, said the minimum age to join the policy remains 18 years while the maximum covered age has been adjusted from 65 to70. She said the waiting period also remains six months for deaths caused by natural causes implying that a member is covered after six premium payments. ‘’Another exciting innovation on EcoSure is that customers can now register as sponsors to as many policyholders as they wish. This means that other people’s monthly premiums can automatically be deducted from the sponsors’ simcards," she said. Yet another change is that, the M49 monthly subscription has been reduced to M45 while the payout has been increased from M20 000 to M30 000. "Ecosure has also introduced a new higher premium plan at M75 per month for a M50 000 payout. The M37 premium that used to pay out M15 000 cover together with the M25 are being replaced by the M30 plan which comes with the M20 000 cover." She also noted that the M9 premium has been phased out with the lowest premium now being M15 monthly while the benefits increase three-fold. That means for an additional M6 on the old M9 premium, the cover increases from M2 500 to M10 000. "For those on the M14, an additional M1 doubles the cover from M5 000 to M10 000. "These changes mean there is a huge increase in the cover and more flexibility on the conditions. We have listened to our customers’ request for a family cover product and Re Bolokehile is the answer. "The idea is to keep improving the product and enhance value for our customers," Ms. Raphoolo said.
Source: Adopted from: Lesotho Times of 24 – 30 October 2019; Business Section, Page 7
Required:
(a) From this case study, analyse the service-profit chain.
Service-profit chain is a tool used to establish how organizations can become successful and profitable through customer satisfaction.
It begins with the employees’ satisfaction, which enhances the customers’ satisfaction, and as a result, the organization's success and profitability. An organization's success is linked to customer satisfaction, which is linked to employee satisfaction.
What is the service-profit chain?Service-profit chain is a tool used to establish how organizations can become successful and profitable through customer satisfaction.
It begins with the employees’ satisfaction, which enhances the customers’ satisfaction, and as a result, the organization's success and profitability. An organization's success is linked to customer satisfaction, which is linked to employee satisfaction.
How does the service-profit chain work?The service-profit chain has five components. The components are interconnected and a breakdown of one component can negatively affect the others. The five components are as follows:The internal service quality, which is the foundation of the chain.
The employees' satisfaction is dependent on the tools, training, and support they receive. Ensuring a satisfactory work environment and enhancing employee satisfaction will ultimately improve their performance and customer satisfaction.
How does this relate to the case study?EcoSure has successfully applied the service-profit chain in its new product, EcoSure Re Bolokehile. The organization has initiated the process with a focus on internal quality service to its employees and has ensured that they are satisfied with their work environment and that they have the right tools and support.
By doing this, EcoSure is able to develop a team of satisfied and productive employees, which led to a superior quality of service to customers.
Therefore, the service-profit chain has contributed to EcoSure’s success in launching the new product, EcoSure Re Bolokehile.
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Assume that Sarah places a $70 value on seeing her college football team play in the Rose Bowl. She purchases a ticket to the game for $50 but when she arrives at the game she discovers that her ticket is missing. A ticket scalper outside the stadium is selling tickets for $65 dollars. If Sarah purchases a ticket from one of the scalpers for $65, she is best demonstrating the principle that
Group of answer choices
rational consumers do not always respond to incentives.
the assumption of rational behavior does not easily apply to the purchase of college football game tickets.
sunk costs should be irrelevant to economic decisions.
she fell into sunk cost fallacy
the price of tickets cannot be explained by economic principles.
If Sarah purchases a ticket from a scalper for $65, she is best demonstrating the principle that sunk costs should be irrelevant to economic decisions.
The concept of sunk costs refers to costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. In this scenario, Sarah has already purchased a ticket for $50 but discovers it is missing. Despite having paid $50 for her original ticket, she is willing to spend an additional $65 to purchase a new ticket from a scalper. This decision demonstrates that she is not considering the sunk cost of her original ticket in her current decision-making process.
By disregarding the sunk cost and focusing on the current situation, Sarah is making a rational decision based on her valuation of attending the Rose Bowl, which she places at $70. The sunk cost fallacy occurs when individuals let past investments (sunk costs) influence their current decisions, even when those costs are no longer relevant. In this case, Sarah recognizes that her previous expenditure on the ticket is a sunk cost and does not factor it into her decision to purchase a new ticket.
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Leadership is the ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals. It is needed to create and communicate a company’s vision, strategies, and goals, as well as to execute on these plans and goals. This activity is important because effective leadership does not only matter for high-level executives as every member of an organization should understand its importance and learn the skills associated with it. The goal of this activity is to provide you with problem-solving skills when it comes to issues related to leadership.
A small independent movie requiring big-budget production values is dealing with a set-building delay that is affecting the shoot schedule. The product manager is meeting with her boss, a film producer to discuss the delays. They then meet with the set’s head carpenter and lead electrician. How are the different managers handling the situation? What would you do?
Naomi complains to Andy that he "hasn’t been here – until now, when we’re in crisis mode." Based on this statement, Andy is most likely viewed as a(n) ______ leader by Naomi.
Multiple Choice
passive management by exception
active management by exception
transformational
laissez-faire
contingent reward
Based on the statement made by Naomi, Andy is most likely viewed as a D. "laissez-faire" leader by Naomi.
What is a "laissez-faire" leader?Naomi's complaint about Andy's absence until the crisis hit suggests that he is perceived as a "laissez-faire" leader. In this context, Naomi implies that Andy has been lacking in presence and involvement, emerging only when the organization faces critical situations.
A laissez-faire leader adopts a hands-off approach, offering minimal guidance and direction to their team members. This style of leadership can be frustrating for individuals who rely on consistent support and guidance from their leader. By being largely absent or uninvolved, Andy may have created a perception of neglect or indifference, leaving the team to navigate challenges without his active presence.
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Is Covid-19 pandemic a supply shock or a demand shock? This discussion is an application of the AD-AS model to the recent events. Answer the below questions using your understanding of the AD-AS model 1) What happens in the economy in response to a negative demand shock? 2) What happens in the economy in response to a negative supply shock? 3) What happens to GDP and price level when both a negative demand and supply shock occur at the same time?
The COVID-19 pandemic is a negative supply shock to the economy. In the AD-AS model, the supply curve shifts to the left and upward, causing an increase in prices and a decrease in output. The AD-AS model explains the economy’s reaction to a negative demand and supply shock as follows:
1. In response to a negative demand shock: The aggregate demand (AD) curve shifts to the left, and the economy moves along the aggregate supply (AS) curve, resulting in a decrease in both price and quantity. The economy faces lower demand, which reduces production, and firms lower prices to attract customers. Output and prices decrease in the short run, and the economy moves down the AS curve.
2. In response to a negative supply shock: The aggregate supply (AS) curve shifts to the left, and the economy moves along the aggregate demand (AD) curve, resulting in an increase in both price and quantity. The economy faces higher input costs, which raise production costs, and firms raise prices to maintain profit margins. Output decreases while prices rise in the short run, and the economy moves up the AS curve.
3. When both negative demand and supply shocks occur simultaneously: When a negative demand and supply shock occur simultaneously, they cause the AD and AS curves to shift leftward, resulting in a decrease in output and an ambiguous price effect.
As a result, in the short run, both output and prices are likely to decline. As a result, GDP decreases, and the price level decreases, causing a recession.
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Do the following headlines deal with a microeconomic topic or a macroeconomic topic?
The headline "Coffee prices skyrocket" deals with a ____ topic because ____
A. microeconomic; almost everyone buys coffee
B. macroeconomic, production of coffee is a large contributor to the world economy
C. microeconomic; it is the outcome of choices made by individuals and businesses
D. microeconomic; it deals with only one topic
E. macroeconomic, the market for coffee is global
The headline "Coffee prices skyrocket" deals with a microeconomic topic because it focuses on the specific price of coffee, which is an outcome of choices made by individuals and businesses. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate choice.
The headline "Coffee prices skyrocket" deals with a microeconomic topic because it focuses on the specific price of coffee. Microeconomics examines the behavior and choices of individual consumers and businesses, and this headline reflects the impact of these decisions. The rise in coffee prices is likely the result of factors such as supply and demand dynamics, production costs, or changes in market conditions. These factors influence the choices made by coffee producers and consumers on an individual level. Therefore, the headline pertains to a microeconomic topic as it captures the outcome of decisions made by individuals and businesses within the coffee market.
While coffee is indeed a global commodity, the focus of the headline is primarily on the price increase itself rather than the broader implications for the world economy. Macro topics encompass the study of overall economic trends, such as GDP, inflation rates, or international trade, which affect entire countries or regions. In contrast, the headline about coffee prices zooms in on the microeconomic aspect of the coffee market, emphasizing the impact on individual consumers and producers. Hence, the headline aligns with the microeconomic perspective, where choices made by individuals and businesses drive the outcome observed in the coffee market.
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Please answer only 3 of the following 5 questions in short paragraphs, between 250-500 words for each question. The questions cover material from chapters 11, 13, 14 and 15. 1. Because it is worried about inflation in the near term, the government has decided to restrict aggregate demand. Which tool of fiscal policy (or combination) do you believe it should use: government purchases, taxes, or transfers? Why? a. | 2. The president has just retained you to advise him on whether to change government fiscal policy. You understand that any change in spending or taxation that the administration proposes will have to be considered for a number of months by Congress, and then that the full impact of the policy change on the economy will not occur until several months after it is enacted. Under these circumstances, what is your advice? 3. The Fed has three conventional tools that it can use to change the money supply under normal economic conditions: open-market operations, changes in the banks' required reserve ratio, and changes in policies regarding lending to member banks. Which do you think is the most useful, the least useful? Does the Fed really need three tools-wouldn't one do just as well? 4. What should government do to avoid another Great Recession like the last one during 2007-09 period? What policies have been undertaken? Are they adequate? 5. Do you think monetary or fiscal policy is likely to be the more effective tool of stabilization policy? Why?
As the government is worried about inflation in the near term, the use of which tool of fiscal policy or combination should it use: government purchases, taxes, or transfers? Why?The tool of fiscal policy the government should use depends on the state of the economy.
Suppose the economy is booming and inflation is increasing, a restriction in aggregate demand will be a good policy. This means that the government should reduce the amount of money in circulation by increasing taxes or reduce transfer payments. This policy will decrease the disposable income of people.
On the other hand, if the economy is in a recession, and aggregate demand is low, the government should increase its spending or reduce taxes to stimulate the economyUnder the given circumstance, my advice to the president would be that it is not wise to make changes in the government fiscal policy immediately.
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