If two equal masses are suspended from either end of a string passing over a light pulley (an Atwood’s machine), the kind of motion that is expected to occur is SHM (Simple Harmonic Motion).
According to the given condition, the two masses are equal and there is no net force acting on the system. Thus, the two masses move towards each other, and the string becomes taut. Hence, the system can be assumed as a simple harmonic oscillator because it satisfies the following conditions:-The period of oscillation of the system is given as: \[T=2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{M+2m}}\] where m is the mass of each particle, and M is the mass of the pulley. The amplitude of the system is given as: \[A=\frac{m}{M+2m}\] Therefore, the kind of motion that is expected to occur is SHM (Simple Harmonic Motion) because the given system satisfies the above-mentioned conditions.
In this Atwood’s machine, two equal masses are connected by an inextensible light string that passes over a frictionless pulley. The mass is assumed to be very large in comparison to the masses of the particles. The system is initially released from rest, and the particles start moving towards each other. Hence, the acceleration of the system can be written as: a = (m1 - m2)g / (m1 + m2)The above equation represents that the acceleration of the system is directly proportional to the difference in masses of the particles. If the masses are equal, then the acceleration of the system is zero. Hence, the system will not have any motion. However, in reality, it is not possible to have two exactly equal masses. Therefore, there will always be some difference in masses, and hence, the system will always show some kind of motion, i.e., SHM. Therefore, the kind of motion that is expected to occur is SHM (Simple Harmonic Motion) because the given system satisfies the above-mentioned conditions.
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when light goes from one medium to another medium with a different index of refraction, which of the following do (does) not change?
The frequency, on the other hand, does not change when light passes through media with different refractive indices.
When light goes from one medium to another medium with a different index of refraction, the frequency of light does not change.The frequency of light remains constant when light goes from one medium to another medium with a different index of refraction.
The index of refraction is a measure of how much a ray of light bends as it passes from one medium to another. The speed of light changes as it passes through media with different refractive indices, and the direction of the light ray is altered in response to this change in speed.
The frequency, on the other hand, does not change when light passes through media with different refractive indices.
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3. A boy walks a distance of 100 m eastward, then a distance of 500 m to the southwest and finally 400 m to the north. Find the total distance he traveled and the magnitude and direction of the result
The boy has traveled a distance of 837.31 m in the direction of 31.16° northwest. It is important to use Pythagoras' theorem and trigonometry to find the magnitude and direction of the distance he traveled.
Pythagoras' theorem states that a²+b²=c², which means that the distance he traveled is the square root of the sum of the squares of the distance he traveled in the eastward, southwest, and northward directions:√(100² + 500² + 400²) = 837.31 m
To find the direction, we can use trigonometry. The boy walked eastward and then to the southwest, which is a direction of 225° with respect to due east. The northward direction is 90° with respect to due east.
Using trigonometry, we can find the angle that the total displacement makes with due east:θ = tan-1((400 m - 500 m)/100 m)) + 225° = 31.16° northwestTherefore, the boy has traveled a total distance of 837.31 m in the direction of 31.16° northwest.
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b) [3 marks] Two 10 nC charges are located at x= - 4 cm and x= 4.0 cm. (i) Calculate the electric potential, V at point P, x=0 cm. Calculate the work required to bring a 20 nC charge from infinity to
The electric potential at point P (x=0 cm) due to two 10 nC charges located at x= - 4 cm and x= 4.0 cm is 4.5 × 10⁵ volts. The work required to bring a 20 nC charge from infinity to point P is 9 × 10⁻⁴joules.
Calculation of electric potential at point P (x=0 cm):
Charge 1: q1 = 10 nC
Charge 2: q2 = 10 nC
Distance from Charge 1 to point P: r1 = 4 cm
P: r1 = 0.04 m
Distance from Charge 2 to point P: r2 = 4 cm
P: r2 = 0.04 m
Electric potential (V) at a point due to a point charge is given by the equation:
V = k * q / r
where:
k is the electrostatic constant (k = 9 × 10⁹ N m²/C²)
q is the charge
r is the distance from the charge to the point
Let's calculate the electric potential at point P due to each charge:
For Charge 1:
V1 = k * q1 / r1
Substituting the values:
V1 = (9 × 10⁹ N m²/C²) * (10 × 10⁻⁹ C) / (0.04 m)
V1 = 2.25 × 10⁵ V
For Charge 2:
V2 = k * q2 / r2
Substituting the values:
V2 = (9 × 110⁹ N m²/C²) * (10 × 10⁻⁹ C) / (0.04 m)
V2 = 2.25 × 10⁵ V
Since the electric potentials are scalar quantities, the electric potential at point P due to both charges is the algebraic sum of the potentials due to each charge:
V = V1 + V2
V = (2.25 × 10⁵ V) + (2.25 × 10⁵ V)
V = 4.5 × 10⁵ V
Therefore, the electric potential at point P (x=0 cm) is 4.5 × 10⁵volts.
Calculation of work required to bring a 20 nC charge from infinity to point P:
To calculate the work required, we need to consider the change in potential energy of the 20 nC charge as it moves from infinity to point P.
The work done (W) is given by the equation:
W = ΔPE
W = q * ΔV
where:
ΔPE is the change in potential energy
q is the charge
ΔV is the change in electric potential
As the charge moves from infinity to point P, the change in potential energy is given by:
ΔPE = q * (V - 0)
where V is the electric potential at point P.
Substituting the values:
ΔPE = (20 × 10⁻⁹) C) * (4.5 × 10⁵ V - 0 V)
ΔPE = 9 × 10⁻⁴ J
Therefore, the work required to bring a 20 nC charge from infinity to point P is 9 × 10⁻⁴ joules.
The electric potential at point P (x=0 cm) due to two 10 nC charges located at x= - 4 cm and x= 4.0 cm is 4.5 × 10⁵ volts. The work required to bring a 20 nC charge from infinity to point P is 9 × 10⁻⁴ joules.
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what is the direction of the current in this solenoid, as viewed from the top?'
The direction of the current in a solenoid when viewed from the top is anticlockwise. The right-hand rule can be used to determine the direction.
When an electric current flows through a solenoid, it produces a magnetic field around the solenoid. The magnetic field produced by a solenoid is similar to that of a bar magnet, with a north pole at one end and a south pole at the other end. The direction of the magnetic field produced by a solenoid can be determined using the right-hand rule.
When the right-hand fingers are curled around the coil in the direction of the current, the thumb will point in the upward direction. Therefore, the direction of the current in the solenoid when viewed from the top is anticlockwise. This means that the north pole of the solenoid is facing downwards, and the south pole is facing upwards.
The direction of the magnetic field in a solenoid determines how it interacts with other magnets or magnetic materials. The magnetic field produced by a solenoid can be used to create an electromagnet, which can be used in various applications such as motors, generators, and speakers.
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Starting from Coulomb’s law, convince yourself that Gauss’s law is correct. You have to consider an arbitrary Gaussian surface and the both cases that the charge is inside and outside the Gaussian surface. 2. (15 points) Starting from Coulomb's law, convince yourself that Gauss's law is correct. You have to consider an arbitrary Gaussian surface and the both cases that the charge is inside and outside the Gaussian surface
To convince ourselves that Gauss's law is correct starting from Coulomb's law, we need to consider an arbitrary Gaussian surface and examine both cases when the charge is inside and outside the Gaussian surface. Let's break down the steps:
1. Coulomb's law states that the electric field due to a point charge Q at a distance r from the charge is given by:
E = k * Q / r²
where k is the Coulomb constant.
2. Gauss's law, on the other hand, relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the total charge enclosed within that surface. Mathematically, Gauss's law is expressed as:
Φ = Q_in / ε₀
where Φ is the electric flux through the Gaussian surface, Q_in is the total charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface, and ε₀ is the permittivity of free space.
3. Consider the case where the charge Q is inside the Gaussian surface. By applying Coulomb's law, we can calculate the electric field at each point on the Gaussian surface due to the charge Q. Then, we can calculate the electric flux Φ by integrating the dot product of the electric field and the surface area vector over the entire Gaussian surface.
4. On the other hand, if the charge Q is outside the Gaussian surface, the electric field at each point on the Gaussian surface due to Q is still given by Coulomb's law. However, since the charge Q is outside the Gaussian surface, the total charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface, Q_in, is zero. Therefore, according to Gauss's law, the electric flux through the Gaussian surface is also zero.
By considering these two cases, we see that Gauss's law is consistent with Coulomb's law. When the charge is inside the Gaussian surface, the electric flux through the surface is directly proportional to the enclosed charge. When the charge is outside the Gaussian surface, the electric flux through the surface is zero, indicating that the net electric field passing through the closed surface is also zero.
By considering an arbitrary Gaussian surface and examining both cases of the charge being inside and outside the surface, we can see that Gauss's law is consistent with Coulomb's law, providing further confidence in the validity of Gauss's law.
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determine the wavelength of the line in the hydrogen atom spectrum corresponding to the n1 = 4 to n2 = 8 transition.
The wavelength of the line in the hydrogen atom spectrum corresponding to the n1 = 4 to n2 = 8 transition is 1.214 x 10⁻⁷ m.
The hydrogen spectrum can be divided into different series of spectral lines, each of which corresponds to a specific electronic transition. The most prominent series in the hydrogen spectrum is the Lyman series, which corresponds to the electronic transitions that start or end at the n1 = 1 energy level. Other series include the Balmer series (n1 = 2), the Paschen series (n1 = 3), and the Brackett series (n1 = 4).
The wavelength of a spectral line can be calculated using the Rydberg formula:
1/λ = RZ²(1/n₁² - 1/n₂²) Where λ is the wavelength of the spectral line, R is the Rydberg constant (1.097 x 10⁷ m⁻¹), Z is the atomic number (1 for hydrogen), n1 and n2 are the initial and final energy levels of the electron.
The n1 = 4 to n2 = 8 transition corresponds to the Brackett series.
Plugging in the values into the formula:
1/λ = RZ²(1/n₁² - 1/n₂²)1/λ = (1.097 x 10⁷ m⁻¹)(1²) × [1/(4²) - 1/(8²)]1/λ = 8.231 x 10⁶ m⁻¹λ = 1.214 x 10⁻⁷ m.
Therefore, the wavelength of the line in the hydrogen atom spectrum corresponding to the n1 = 4 to n2 = 8 transition is 1.214 x 10⁻⁷ m.
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Both the pressure and volume of an ideal gas of diatomic molecules are doubled. The ratio of the new internal energy to the old both measured relative to the internal energy at 0 K is...
a. 1/4
b. 1/2
c. 1
d. 2
e. 4
The correct answer is c) 1.The new internal energy is 1.5 times the old energy measured relative to the internal energy at 0 K, when both the pressure and volume of an ideal gas of diatomic molecules are doubled. Therefore, the correct answer is c) 1.
For an ideal gas of diatomic molecules, each molecule has five degrees of freedom. The internal energy of such a gas is given by: U = Nf/2 kTwhere N is the number of molecules, f is the number of degrees of freedom of each molecule (5 for a diatomic molecule), k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature in kelvins.
The internal energy is proportional to temperature for a given number of particles and the volume. If the pressure and volume are both doubled, the number of particles remains the same, and the temperature will also double. As a result, the new internal energy will be 2 times the old internal energy, measured relative to the internal energy at 0 K.Therefore, U' = 2U = Nf kT' = Nf k(2T) = 2Nf/2 kT (the new internal energy)At absolute zero temperature (0 K), the internal energy of an ideal gas is U = 0. At this point, the new internal energy is equal to 1.5 times the old internal energy measured relative to the internal energy at 0 K. Thus, the ratio of the new internal energy to the old internal energy is 1.5/1 = 1.5. Hence, the correct answer is c) 1.
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when a light beam emerges from water into air, the average light speed does not change increases decreases
When a light beam emerges from water into air, the speed of light changes, and the average light speed increases.In physics, the speed of light is usually denoted by "c."The speed of light in a vacuum is constant and is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.
The speed of light changes as it passes through different media like water or air.When light travels from one medium to another, its speed and direction change. When light passes from one medium to another, it is bent or refracted. The amount of bending is determined by the relative refractive index of the two media.Light travels faster in air than in water, so the speed of light changes as it passes from water to air. Light travels slower in water because the particles in water are closer together than in air. Therefore, when a light beam emerges from water into air, the average light speed does not decrease, but it increases.Also, note that the average speed of light is the total distance that light travels divided by the time it takes to travel that distance. The average speed of light in a medium is the speed of light multiplied by the refractive index of the medium. It is usually measured in meters per second.The average speed of light in a vacuum is 299,792,458 meters per second, while the average speed of light in water is approximately 225,000,000 meters per second. Therefore, light travels slower in water than in a vacuum.
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The 10 cm wide zero resistance slide wire shown in the figure is push toward the 2.0 ohms resistor at a steady speed of 0.5m/s. The magnetic field strength is 0.2T. how big is a pushing force? how much power does a pushing force supply to the wire?
The pushing force is 2.0 N and the power supplied to the wire is 1.0 W.
Width of zero resistance slide wire = 10 cm = 0.1 m, Speed at which wire is pushed towards the resistor = 0.5 m/s, Magnetic field strength = 0.2 T, Resistance of the resistor = 2.0 Ω. The force acting on the wire can be found using the formula: F = BIL, where B is the magnetic field strength, I is the current flowing through the wire, and L is the length of the wire that is in the magnetic field.
In this case, since the wire is being pushed at a steady speed, there is no current flowing through the wire. Therefore, the force on the wire is: F = BvBL = 0.2 T × 0.1 mF = 0.02 N. Power is the rate at which work is done. The work done by the pushing force is given by: W = FdW = 0.02 N × 0.1 mW = 0.002 J.
Power is the rate at which work is done, so the power supplied to the wire is P = W/tP = 0.002 J / (0.1 m / 0.5 m/s)P = 1.0 W. Therefore, the pushing force is 2.0 N and the power supplied to the wire is 1.0 W.
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in three to five complete sentences, explain why the magnetic north pole is not always in the same spot on different maps. remember to use proper grammar and mechanics when writing your sentences.
The magnetic north pole is not always in the same spot on different maps due to the phenomenon known as magnetic declination. Magnetic declination is the angle between true north (geographic north) and magnetic north.
It arises from the Earth's magnetic field, which is not perfectly aligned with the geographic axis. The magnetic field is dynamic and can change over time, causing the magnetic north pole to shift its location. Therefore, as the magnetic north pole moves, the magnetic declination changes, resulting in variations in its position on different maps.
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You place a 7.49-mm-high chocolate chip on the axis of and 10.9 cm from a lens with focal length 6.11 cm. If it can be determined, is the chocolate chip\'s image real or virtual? -Real -Cannot Be Determined -Virtual How high is the image (expressed as a positive quantitiy)? _____ mm If it can be determined, is the image upright or inverted with respect to the real thing? -Cannot be determined -upright -inverted
The chocolate chip's image will be Virtual. Its height is 4.03 mm. The image's orientation upright or inverted cannot be determined.
A 7.49-mm-high chocolate chip is placed on the axis of and 10.9 cm from a lens with a focal length of 6.11 cm. To determine whether the image is real or virtual, we will use the lens formula which is given as:
1/v - 1/u = 1/f
where v = image distance u = object distance f = focal length.
Given that object distance (u) = 10.9 cm - 6.11 cm
= 4.79 cm or 0.0479 m
Focal length (f) = 6.11 cm or 0.0611 m.
Plugging these values into the lens formula, we get:
1/v = 1/0.0611 - 1/0.0479.
Solving this equation gives us v = - 0.058 cm or - 0.00058 m, which is a negative value. Therefore, the image will be virtual.
To determine the height of the image, we will use the magnification formula which is given as m = v/u. Since u is positive and v is negative, the magnification will be negative as well, which means that the image will be inverted.
Given that the object height is 7.49 mm, we can find the height of the image as magnification = height of image/height of object -0.058/0.0479 = - 1.212.
Therefore, the height of the image is 7.49 mm × 1.212 = 9.09 mm, which is positive. Thus, the height of the image is 9.09 mm.
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Initial Relative Permability Resistivity Low Low High High C Low High table According to the information i) which material would use for high frequency applications? you Why? (1 sentence) ii) which is
i) The material with high relative permittivity would be suitable for high frequency applications because it can effectively store electric energy in the presence of an electric field.
ii) One metal is copper because it has low resistivity, allowing for efficient conduction of electric current.
iii) The material with high initial relative permeability will give the highest magnetic flux for the smallest magnetic intensity increment.
i) High-frequency applications require materials that can effectively store electric energy in the presence of an electric field. This is achieved by using materials with high relative permittivity. High relative permittivity allows for increased energy storage in the material, making it suitable for high-frequency applications where efficient energy transfer is required.
ii) Copper is widely used as a metal in various applications due to its low resistivity. Low resistivity means that copper can conduct electric current with minimal loss of energy. It offers excellent electrical conductivity, making it a favorable choice for conducting electricity in many industries.
iii) The material with high initial relative permeability will provide the highest magnetic flux for the smallest magnetic intensity increment. Relative permeability is a measure of how easily a material can be magnetized.
A higher initial relative permeability indicates that the material can be easily magnetized, resulting in a larger magnetic flux for a smaller change in magnetic intensity. This property is desirable when maximizing magnetic flux is important, such as in magnetic applications where high efficiency or strong magnetic fields are desired.
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Complete Question:
Initial Relative Permability Resistivity Low Low High High C Low High table According to the information i) which material would use for high frequency applications? you Why? (1 sentence) ii) which is one metal? why? (1 sentence) a iii) which one will give highest magnetic flux for smallest magnetic intensity increament?
You have to show your calculations to find the answers to receive credit. Two friends, Mary and Joshua, are pushing a heavy box full of books out of the library. Mary pushes to the right with a force of 60N at an angle of 30degrees, while Joshua pushes to the right with a force of 20N at an angle of 15degrees. There is not friction. What is the horizontal force exerted by each of them? What is the net horizontal force?
Mary exerts a horizontal force of approximately 51.96N, while Joshua exerts a horizontal force of approximately 19.32N. The net horizontal force exerted by both Mary and Joshua is approximately 71.28N
To calculate the horizontal force exerted by each person, we need to find the horizontal components of their respective forces. The horizontal component of a force can be calculated using the formula:
Horizontal component = Force * cos(angle)
For Mary:
Force_Mary_horizontal = 60N * cos(30°)
= 60N * 0.866
= 51.96N
For Joshua:
Force_Joshua_horizontal = 20N * cos(15°)
= 20N * 0.966
= 19.32N
Therefore, Mary exerts a horizontal force of approximately 51.96N, while Joshua exerts a horizontal force of approximately 19.32N.
To find the net horizontal force, we simply add the individual horizontal forces together:
Net horizontal force = Force_Mary_horizontal + Force_Joshua_horizontal
= 51.96N + 19.32N
= 71.28N
So, the net horizontal force exerted by both Mary and Joshua is approximately 71.28N.
Mary exerts a greater horizontal force of 51.96N compared to Joshua's horizontal force of 19.32N. The net horizontal force exerted by both of them is 71.28N, which indicates the combined effort to push the heavy box full of books to the right.
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an airplane takes off from the ground and reaches a height of 500 feet
When an airplane takes off from the ground and reaches a height of 500 feet, this event is referred to as the ascent. During this period, the airplane gains altitude by climbing, which is known as the climb phase.
This article will delve more into the process of the airplane's climb phase. An airplane's climb phase is a critical stage of the flight because it consumes the most fuel and requires the greatest amount of engine power. During the ascent, the pilot must maintain the proper rate of climb, which is determined by the airplane's weight, the available power, and the wind and weather conditions. The airplane's climb is typically divided into two parts.
The pilot must be able to recognize and respond to any issues that arise during the climb, including engine problems, changes in wind or weather conditions, and other factors that could impact the airplane's performance. To sum up, an airplane's ascent is a critical part of the flight that requires careful management and planning by the pilot.
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how much electricity is used by 100w lite bulb in 20 seconds
The amount of electricity used by a 100W light bulb in 20 seconds is 0.5556 watt-hours or 2001.6 joules. A 100W light bulb will consume 0.5556 watt-hours of electricity in 20 seconds.
To calculate the amount of electricity used by a 100W light bulb in 20 seconds, we need to use the formula:Energy (in watt-hours) = Power (in watts) x Time (in hours)We know that power is 100W and time is 20 seconds. We need to convert the time to hours.20 seconds ÷ 3600 seconds/hour = 0.00556 hoursNow we can plug in the values to the formula:Energy = 100W x 0.00556 hoursEnergy = 0.5556 watt-hoursTherefore, the amount of electricity used by a 100W light bulb in 20 seconds is 0.5556 watt-hours.
Electricity usage is measured in watts, and power is the rate at which energy is consumed. The power rating of a light bulb is typically given in watts, with a higher wattage bulb consuming more power than a lower wattage one. The amount of electricity consumed by a light bulb can be calculated using the formula:Energy (in watt-hours) = Power (in watts) x Time (in hours)If we consider a 100W light bulb and want to know how much electricity it consumes in 20 seconds, we need to plug in the values of power and time into the formula. We know that the power is 100W. The time needs to be converted to hours.20 seconds ÷ 3600 seconds/hour = 0.00556 hoursNow we can plug in the values:Energy = 100W x 0.00556 hoursEnergy = 0.5556 watt-hoursTherefore, a 100W light bulb will consume 0.5556 watt-hours of electricity in 20 seconds.
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A distance of 1.0 × 103 meters separates the charge at the bottom of a cloud and the ground. The electric field intensity between the bottom of the cloud and the ground is 2.0 x 104 Newtons per coulomb. What is the potential difference between the bottom of the cloud and the ground? A) 1.3 x 1023 V B) 2.0 × 10¹ V C) 2.0 x 107 V D) 5.0 x 10-2 V
The correct answer is Option (c) 2.0 × 10^7 volts, that is, the potential difference between the bottom of the cloud and the ground is 2.0 × 10^7 volts.
To calculate the potential difference (V) between the bottom of the cloud and the ground, we can use the formula:
V = E × d
Electric field intensity (E) = 2.0 × 10^4 N/C
Distance (d) = 1.0 × 10^3 m
V = (2.0 × 10^4 N/C) × (1.0 × 10^3 m)
Simplifying the calculation:
V = 2.0 × 10^7 N⋅m/C
The unit of potential difference is volts (V). To convert from N⋅m/C to volts, we can use the fact that 1 V = 1 J/C (volt is equivalent to joules per coulomb).
V = 2.0 × 10^7 J/C
Therefore, the potential difference between the bottom of the cloud and the ground is 2.0 × 10^7 volts.
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the 0.9-kg ball strikes the rough ground and rebounds with the velocities shown.
The amount of energy transferred is 73.8 Joules.
When a ball strikes the rough ground and rebounds with the velocities shown, there is a transfer of energy between the ball and the ground. The amount of energy transferred can be determined using the law of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another. In this case, the energy is transferred from the ball to the ground and then back to the ball again when it rebounds.
To calculate the amount of energy transferred, we can use the formula:
E = (1/2)mv^2
Where E is the energy, m is the mass of the ball, and v is the velocity of the ball. In this case, the mass of the ball is 0.9 kg and the velocities are shown in the diagram. We can calculate the energy for each velocity using the formula above.
For the first velocity, the energy is:
E = (1/2)(0.9)(10)^2
E = 45 Joules
For the second velocity, the energy is:
E = (1/2)(0.9)(-8)^2
E = 28.8 Joules
So the total energy transferred is:
E = 45 + 28.8
E = 73.8 Joules
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A projectile is thrown from the top of a tall building with a velocity of 15.0 m/s at an angle of 30.0 degrees above the horizontal. Relative to its starting point, what is the location of the projectile 2.00 seconds later?
The location of the projectile 2.00 seconds later, relative to its starting point, is a horizontal distance of approximately 20.8 m and a vertical distance of approximately -18.7 m.
To determine the location of the projectile, we need to analyze its horizontal and vertical motions separately. The horizontal component of the velocity remains constant throughout the motion, while the vertical component is affected by gravity.
First, let's calculate the horizontal distance traveled by the projectile:
Horizontal distance = Horizontal velocity * Time = (15.0 m/s) * (2.00 s) = 20.08 m
Next, let's calculate the vertical distance traveled by the projectile:
Vertical distance = Initial vertical velocity * Time + (1/2) * Acceleration due to gravity * Time²
Using the given angle of 30.0 degrees, the initial vertical velocity can be calculated as:
Initial vertical velocity = Initial velocity * sin(angle) = (15.0 m/s) * sin(30.0°) = 7.50 m/s
Vertical distance = (7.50 m/s) * (2.00 s) + (1/2) * (-9.81 m/s²) * (2.00 s)²
Vertical distance ≈ -18.7 m
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The volume of an ideal gas is increased from 1m3 to
2m3 while maintaining a constant pressure of 1000 Pa.
How much work is done by the gas in this expansion?
During an isobaric expansion of an ideal gas from 1 m³ to 2 m³ at a constant pressure of 1000 Pa, the work done by the gas is 1000 Joules (J).
When an ideal gas expands, it increases in volume.
The expansion process can be either isobaric (constant pressure) or isothermal (constant temperature). In the given scenario, the expansion is at a constant pressure of 1000 Pa.
During an isobaric expansion, the work done by the gas can be calculated using the formula:
Work = Pressure × Change in Volume
In this case, the initial volume (V1) is 1 m³, and the final volume (V2) is 2 m³. Thus, the change in volume can be determined as:
Change in Volume = V2 - V1 = 2 m³ - 1 m³ = 1 m³
Substituting the values into the formula, we get:
Work = 1000 Pa × 1 m³ = 1000 Joules (J)
Therefore, the work done by the gas during this expansion is 1000 J.
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An object released from rest at time t = 0 slides down a frictionless incline distance of 1 meter during the first second. The distance traveled by the object during the time interval from t = 1 second to t = 2 seconds is (A) I m (B) 2m (C) 3 m (D) 4 m (E) 5m
The distance traveled by the object from t = 1 s to t = 2 s = S/2 + 3/4 = 5/2 + 3/4 = 5 m. The correct option is (E) 5m. Given that the distance traveled by the object during the first second (from t = 0 s to t = 1 s) = 1 m.
The object is sliding down a frictionless incline. So, we can assume that it is moving with a constant acceleration, say a.
Let v₀ be the velocity of the object at t = 0 s. Therefore, the velocity v at time t = 1 s is: v = v₀ + at ... (1). Also, distance (s) traveled by the object in the first second (t = 0 s to t = 1 s) can be calculated using the formula: v₀t + (1/2)at² = s ... (2). Substituting t = 1 s and s = 1 m in equation (2), we have: v₀ + (1/2)a = 1 ... (3)
Similarly, distance (S) traveled by the object in the second second (t = 1 s to t = 2 s) can be calculated using the formula: S = v₁t + (1/2)at² ... (4) where v₁ is the velocity of the object at t = 1 s.
Substituting t = 1 s and v = v₀ + a in equation (4), we have: S = (v₀ + a) + (1/2)a = v₀ + (3/2)a ... (5). Distance traveled by the object in the first second (t = 0 s to t = 1 s) = 1 m.
From equation (3), we have: v₀ + (1/2)a = 1 ...(6). Simplifying equation (5) using equation (6), we have: S = 1 + (3/2)(1/2)a = 1 + (3/4)a ...(7).
Also, distance traveled by the object from t = 0 s to t = 2 s can be calculated using the formula: s = v₀t + (1/2)at² ... (8)
Substituting t = 2 s and using equations (3) and (7) in equation (8), we have: s = 2v₀ + 2(3/4)a = 2(v + (3/8)a) ...(9).
We know that the object starts from rest (v₀ = 0). So, equation (9) reduces to: s = 2(3/8)a = (3/4)a ... (10).
We can eliminate a from equations (6) and (10) to get the value of s. 3/4 a + 1/2 a = 12/8a = 1s = 2 * (12/8)a = 3/2 a ... (11).
From equation (7),S = 1 + (3/4)a = 1 + (4/3)(S/2) = 4/3 * (S/2 + 3/4). Therefore, distance traveled by the object from t = 1 s to t = 2 s = S/2 + 3/4 = 5/2 + 3/4 = 5 m.
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The distance traveled by the object during the time interval from t = 1 second to t = 2 seconds is 14.7 m. Hence, the correct option is (E) 5m.
An object released from rest at time t = 0 slides down a frictionless incline distance of 1 meter during the first second.There is no friction. So, the object will move at a constant acceleration (g).
Now, we need to calculate the distance traveled by the object during the time interval from t = 1 second to t = 2 seconds. During t=0 to t=1, distance traveled, s=1m
Now, u=0m/s, t=1 sec and a=g = 9.8 m/s² By using the third equation of motion, We have, s = ut + 1/2 at²s = 0 + 1/2 × 9.8 × 1²s = 4.9 m
Now, during t=1 to t=2, u=9.8m/s, t=1 sec and a=g = 9.8 m/s². By using the third equation of motion, We have, s = ut + 1/2 at²s = 9.8 × 1 + 1/2 × 9.8 × 1²s = 14.7 m
Therefore, the distance traveled by the object during the time interval from t = 1 second to t = 2 seconds is 14.7 m. Hence, the correct option is (E) 5m
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QUESTION 4 An airplane touches down at an airport traveling 92.6 m/s and slows at a rate of 18.6 m/s2. How long will it take to come to a stop? Round your answer to 2 decimal places 4 points Save Answ
The airplane will take 4.97 seconds to come to a stop.
To find the time it takes for the airplane to come to a stop, we can use the equation of motion: final velocity = initial velocity + (acceleration × time). In this case, the initial velocity is 92.6 m/s, the final velocity is 0 m/s (since the airplane comes to a stop), and the acceleration is -18.6 m/s² (negative because the airplane is slowing down).
Rearranging the equation, we have:
time = (final velocity - initial velocity) / acceleration
Plugging in the values, we get:
time = (0 m/s - 92.6 m/s) / (-18.6 m/s²)
time = (-92.6 m/s) / (-18.6 m/s²)
time ≈ 4.97 s (rounded to 2 decimal places)
Therefore, it will take approximately 4.97 seconds for the airplane to come to a stop.
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An aircraft has a total wing area of 360 m². The air speed over its wings at take-off is 94 m/s and the air speed under its wings is 76 m/s. Assuming that air has a density of 1.29 kg/m³ and that the height difference between the upper and lower wing surface is negligible, what is the lift force generated (to two significant figures)? 710,000 N O 860,000 N O 910,000 N O 700,000 N None of the other answers
The lift force generated by the aircraft is 710,000 N. The correct option is A.
The lift force generated by an aircraft is given by the equation:
Lift = 0.5 × density × wing area × (upper velocity² - lower velocity²)
Density of air (ρ) = 1.29 kg/m³
Wing area (A) = 360 m²
Upper velocity (V₁) = 94 m/s
Lower velocity (V₂) = 76 m/s
Substituting the given values into the equation, we get:
Lift = 0.5 × 1.29 kg/m³ × 360 m² × (94 m/s)² - (76 m/s)²
Calculating the velocities squared:
V₁² = (94 m/s)² = 8836 m²/s²
V₂² = (76 m/s)² = 5776 m²/s²
Substituting these values into the equation, we have:
Lift = 0.5 × 1.29 kg/m³ × 360 m² × (8836 m²/s² - 5776 m²/s²)
Lift = 0.5 × 1.29 kg/m³ × 360 m² × 3060 m²/s²
Lift = 710,000 N
Therefore, the lift force generated by the aircraft is approximately 710,000 N. Option A is the correct answer.
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what is the approximate change in the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum-earth system from the pendulum’s maximum height to the position where its speed is 2.0 m/s?
The approximate change in the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum-earth system from the pendulum’s maximum height to the position where its speed is 2.0 m/s can be calculated using the formula;∆PE = mgh where;∆PE = Change in potential energy, m = Mass of the object, g = Acceleration due to gravity, h = Height from which the object was dropped Approximate change in the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum-earth system from the pendulum’s maximum height to the position where its speed is 2.0 m/s can be found as follows: Given that; Speed of the pendulum at the point where its speed is 2.0 m/s = v = 2.0 m/s.
We are to find the change in the gravitational potential energy, that is; ∆PE = ? From the given information, we cannot directly calculate the change in gravitational potential energy, however, we can find the height at which the speed of the pendulum is 2.0 m/s and then find the change in the gravitational potential energy from the maximum height of the pendulum to this height. Considering the conservation of energy, the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of the pendulum-earth system at any point remains constant. That is, KE + PE = Constant Where; KE = Kinetic energy, PE = Potential energy Thus, at the maximum height, the pendulum is at rest and has no kinetic energy. Therefore, the total energy at this point is due to its gravitational potential energy, that is; PE₁ = mgh₁ where; h₁ = Maximum height Similarly, at the position where the pendulum’s speed is 2.0 m/s, the kinetic energy of the pendulum is given by; KE₂ = ½mv²where;v = 2.0 m/s The total energy at this position is the sum of kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy, that is; PE₂ + KE₂ = Constant Let the height at this position be h₂. Thus, we have; PE₂ = mgh₂½mv² + mgh₂ = mgh₁PE₂ = mgh₁ - ½mv²Thus;∆PE = PE₂ - PE₁∆PE = (mgh₁ - ½mv²) - mgh₁∆PE = -½mv² = -½(2.0)²= -1.0JTherefore, the approximate change in the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum-earth system from the pendulum’s maximum height to the position where its speed is 2.0 m/s is -1.0J.
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The approximate change in the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum-earth system from the pendulum’s maximum height to the position where its speed is 2.0 m/s is `mg (h - 0.204)`.
Given: The maximum height of the pendulum is h. The speed of the pendulum is 2.0 m/s at a certain position.
Let the maximum height of the pendulum be h. The potential energy at maximum height is mgh. The speed of the pendulum is 2.0 m/s at a certain position. From the Law of conservation of energy, the total energy at any position is equal to the sum of potential and kinetic energies, `mgh=1/2mV^2+mgH`Here, V = 2.0 m/s (speed at a certain position) and H = 0 (height at the position where the speed is 2.0 m/s). The approximate change in the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum-earth system from the pendulum’s maximum height to the position where its speed is 2.0 m/s is given by `mgh - 1/2mV^2`= `mgH - 1/2mV^2``= mg(h - 1/2V^2/g)``= mg(h - 1/2(2.0)^2/g)``= mg(h - 0.204)`.Therefore, the approximate change in the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum-earth system from the pendulum’s maximum height to the position where its speed is 2.0 m/s is `mg(h - 0.204)`.
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ello please show all work
and solutions, formulas etc. please try yo answer asap for huge
thumbs up!
3. A 500 nm photon knocks an electron from a metal plate giving it a speed of 2.8 x 10 m/s. Calculate the 192 work function of the metal in eV. [et] sals 10 sunt t [K3] T Ji no gnillst noitsiben lls e
The work function of a metal is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the metal surface. It is 2.76 eV.
The energy of a photon is given by:
E = hf
where:
h is Planck's constant
f is the frequency of the photon
The kinetic energy of the electron is given by:
[tex]K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]
where:
m is the mass of the electron
v is the velocity of the electron
We can set these two equations equal to each other to find the work function:
[tex]W = hf = \frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex]
We know the velocity of the electron, so we can solve for the work function:
[tex]W = \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)(9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg})(2.8 \times 10^{6} \, \text{m/s})^{2} = 4.41 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J}[/tex]
To convert this to eV, we need to divide by the charge of an electron (1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C):
[tex]W = \frac{4.41 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J}}{1.602 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{C}} = 2.76 \, \text{eV}[/tex]
Therefore, the work function of the metal is 2.76 eV.
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Complete question :
A 500 nm photon knocks an electron from a metal plate giving it a speed of 2.8 x 10 m/s. Calculate the 192 work function of the metal in eV. [et] sals 10 sunt t [K3] T Ji no gnillst noitsiben lls edioeds ybodxoвld A (s T emil emsa ert te voertt eloihsq bns evew seu of ayse viistnemelqmoo to elion (d tripil to vienetni no abneqeb noutbele ns x3 erlt toette ohtoeleoforiq erit nl (3 eloihsq s bns evew в ritod as atos trigi (b 3 T (e noitonut xhow erit bellso ai nontoele ne sent of beniupen verene erit, toette ontoelectorlq ert nl 4. An electron has a wavelength of 7.98 x 10-11 m. What is its is kinetic energy? Idpil begini Joelle notqmo erti nl (1 [K3] nontbele erit to x3 ert eleonso Isitnetoq totuo erit ,foette ontoelectoria erit nl (e gnivom al ti neriw vino riignelevsw nwo ati asrl 1ettsM (d noltonul show emsa erit over alstem IIA ( (i T.noitonut xhow art no abneqeb yoneupent blorieenrit ert toette ontoeleoloriq orl nl odt blorteandt ert nad seal al yoneupel notoriq li Joello pintoale-ofortq erti ni Ils to betoetta ed Ion lliw nostbele (ol 102 cated narly anyone nottubong 19 (1 5. In order to free electrons from nickel whose work function is 5.22 eV, what threshold frequency of light is needed? for yd boat anontosto to nadmun ort oasemani lliw tripil a to vienotni orti gniasenoni (m blorteon or avode al voneupent ori li tripll [K3] notorią mn 088 a to yoneupant orth (asteluple S 3 3 3
question two objects, a and b, each of mass 0.22 kg, are moving at 0.34 m/s directly toward each other. what is the speed of object a after an elastic collision?
The speed of object A after an elastic collision is 0.44 m/s.
Given information:
Object A mass, m₁ = 0.22 kgObject B mass, m₂ = 0.22 kg Initial velocity of object A, u₁ = 0.34 m/s
Initial velocity of object B, u₂ = -0.34 m/s
As per the question, the collision between two objects A and B is elastic.
Collision : Elastic Collision
The total momentum of the system is conserved before and after the collisioni.e, m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂Where,v₁ = Final velocity of object A after collision
v₂ = Final velocity of object B after collisionLet's solve the above equation,m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂0.22 × 0.34 + 0.22 × (-0.34) = 0.22v₁ + 0.22v₂0.075 = 0.22v₁ + 0.22v₂ ...(1)
As the collision is elastic, the total kinetic energy of the system is conserved before and after the collision.
That means,Kinetic energy before collision = Kinetic energy after collision0.5 m₁ (u₁)² + 0.5 m₂ (u₂)² = 0.5 m₁ (v₁)² + 0.5 m₂ (v₂)²0.5 × 0.22 × (0.34)² + 0.5 × 0.22 × (-0.34)² = 0.5 × 0.22 × (v₁)² + 0.5 × 0.22 × (v₂)²0.0289 = 0.11 (v₁)² + 0.11 (v₂)² ...(2)
Now, let's solve equation (1) and equation (2) to get the final velocity of object A.v₁ + v₂ = 0.3411 v₁ + 11 v₂ = 0.0289
On solving above equations, v₁ = 0.44 m/s
Hence, the speed of object A after an elastic collision is 0.44 m/s. Thus, the correct option is detail ans.
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for the following exothermic reaction at equilibrium: h2o (g) co (g) co2(g) h2(g) decide if each of the following changes will increase the value of k (t = temperature)
For the given exothermic reaction at equilibrium:H2O(g) + CO(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g)Changes in pressure, temperature, or concentration may shift the equilibrium position, but they do not affect the value of Kc, which is constant for a given reaction at a given temperature. Hence, Kc is independent of any changes in the concentrations of reactants and products, as well as changes in the reaction conditions, as long as the temperature remains constant.To assess the effect of each change on the equilibrium constant, we must use Le Chatelier's principle to predict which direction the reaction will proceed to reestablish equilibrium. The shift in the equilibrium can cause Kc to vary when the system comes to equilibrium at the new conditions.A change in pressure will influence the equilibrium position of a gaseous reaction since gases are extremely responsive to pressure. If the pressure is increased on one side of an equilibrium reaction, the reaction will shift to the opposite side of the equation to balance the pressure. The equilibrium constant (Kc) will not change, but the pressure will influence the mole fractions of reactants and products, which will have an impact on the direction of the equilibrium shift and the rate at which it occurs. Increasing the pressure by decreasing the volume of the container in which the equilibrium reaction is occurring will result in a shift towards the side of the equation with fewer gas molecules, and the system will attempt to balance the pressure. Therefore, the reaction will shift to the left, resulting in a decrease in Kc. Since the reverse reaction, which is exothermic, is favored at lower temperatures, an increase in the value of Kc is not expected as the temperature is lowered. This means that the first option will not result in an increase in Kc. If the volume is increased, the reaction will shift towards the side with more gas molecules to compensate, resulting in an increase in Kc. This means that the second option will lead to an increase in Kc.
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Exothermic reactions at equilibrium: In an exothermic reaction, the energy is released to the surrounding as heat. An exothermic reaction always has a negative sign for ΔH. An exothermic reaction at equilibrium means that the reactants and products are still reacting, but at the same rate. The reaction quotient, Qc, is equal to the equilibrium constant, Kc. The given exothermic reaction is: H2O (g) + CO (g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g)The balanced equation is as follows: H2O(g) + CO(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g)Decide if each of the following changes will increase the value of K (T = temperature): Increasing the temperature The given reaction is exothermic.
An increase in temperature will favor the backward reaction and oppose the forward reaction to attain equilibrium. According to Le Chatelier’s principle, if stress is applied to an equilibrium system, it will react to counteract the effect of that stress. Hence, an increase in temperature will cause the equilibrium to shift towards the reactants, as it is an endothermic process. Therefore, the value of Kc will decrease. Decreasing the pressure CO and H2 are gaseous reactants, whereas CO2 and H2O are gaseous products. A decrease in pressure will favor the side of the reaction with more number of gaseous molecules to oppose the change. Therefore, the equilibrium will shift towards the reactants to balance the pressure. Hence, the value of Kc will increase. Adding a catalyst A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction with a lower activation energy. A catalyst does not affect the equilibrium position of the reaction, but it helps in achieving the equilibrium state at a faster rate. Hence, adding a catalyst will not affect the value of Kc, as it is independent of the rate of the reaction. The following changes will increase the value of K (T = temperature): Decreasing the temperature Increasing the pressure Therefore, the decrease in temperature and increase in pressure will increase the value of Kc.
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A plane takes off from an airport and flies to town A, located d₁ = 235 km from the airport in the direction 20.0° north of east. The plane then flies to town B, located d₂ = 260 km at 30.0° west of north from town A. Use graphical methods to determine the distance and direction from town B to the airport. (Enter the distance in km and the direction in degrees south of west.) distance km 465.22 41.05 X X direction • south of west
The distance from Town B to the airport is 465.22 km and the direction is 150° south of west.
Here, the distance between the airport and Town A, d₁ = 235 km. The angle between the eastward direction and the line connecting the airport and Town A, θ₁ = 20.0°.
The distance between Town A and Town B, d₂ = 260 km. The angle between the northward direction and the line connecting Town A and Town B, θ₂ = 30.0°.
The graphical method can be used to determine the distance and direction from Town B to the airport. The following are the steps to solve the problem using the graphical method:
Draw a diagram to represent the situation, where you take the direction of the east as the horizontal direction and the direction of the north as the vertical direction. From the airport, draw a line of length 235 km at an angle of 20.0° north of the east. Label this point as Town A.
From Town A, draw a line of length 260 km at an angle of 30.0° west of the north. Label this point as Town B. From Town B, draw a line that connects it to the airport.
Draw a line that connects the airport to Town B to form a triangle. Measure the lengths of all the sides of the triangle. Using the Law of Cosines, you can find the length of the line that connects the airport to Town B, which is the distance you are trying to find.
The Law of Cosines states that c² = a² + b² − 2ab cos(C), where c is the length of the side opposite angle C, and a and b are the lengths of the other two sides.
Using the values from the diagram, we get:c² = 235² + 260² − 2(235)(260) cos(70) = 217129c = sqrt(217129) = 465.22 km.Measure the angles that the lines connecting Town B to the airport make with the eastward direction.
Subtract this angle from 180° to find the direction of the line from Town B to the airport. The direction is measured clockwise from the southward direction.So, the direction is: 180 - 30 = 150° south of west.
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A 6.0 kg object hits a flat wall at a speed of 21 m/s and an
angle of 50 o . The collision is perfectly elastic.
What is the change in momentum of the object?
Enter your answer in units of N.s.
The change in momentum of the 6.0 kg object that hits a flat wall at a speed of 21 m/s and an angle of 50° is -161.54 N.s
It is given by; ΔP = Pf - Pi, where Pf is the final momentum and Pi is the initial momentum of the object.Initial momentum, Pi = mvPi = 6.0 kg × 21 m/s × cos 50°Pi = 65.12 N.s
The final momentum of the object is given by;Pf = mvf. The velocity of the object after the collision is given by the law of reflection. Since the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, the angle of reflection is also 50°.
Therefore, the component of the velocity perpendicular to the wall is unchanged (v_y). The component of the velocity parallel to the wall reverses sign (v_x) So; vf = 21 m/s vf,x = -21 m/s × sin 50° vf,x = -16.07 m/s vf,y = 21 m/s × cos 50° vf,y = 13.45 m/s Pf = 6.0 kg × (-16.07 m/s) Pf = -96.42 N.s
Hence, the change in momentum is given by;ΔP = Pf - PiΔP = -96.42 N.s - 65.12 N.sΔP = -161.54 N.s Answer: -161.54 N.s
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the circuit in the drawing contains five identical resistors. the 45-v battery delivers 78 w of power to the circuit. what is the resistance r of each resistor?
Answer:
I got 26.0Ω
Explanation:
First, you'll need to calculate the current flowing through the circuit with the given values. I used this formula;
P = VI
Substitute the values:
78 = 45 × I
I = 78/45
∴ I = 1.73A (3sf)
Now that we have our current, we can finally calculate the resistance of one resistor. The formula I used is;
V = IR
45 = 1.73 × R
R = 45/1.73
∴ R = 26.0Ω
When there are multiple resistors in parallel, they all would have the same voltage. Hence, the voltage I used to calculate the resistance is 45V!
I hope this helps! Please let me know if I have any misconceptions or miscalculations as I'm still learning! Thank you and your welcome! :D
Each resistor in the circuit has a resistance of 6 ohms.
How to find the resistance r of each resistor?In the given circuit, there are five identical resistors. Let's denote the resistance of each resistor as R. Since the resistors are identical, they all have the same resistance. Let's calculate the total resistance of the circuit.
When resistors are connected in parallel, the total resistance (Rp) can be calculated using the formula:
1/Rp = 1/R + 1/R + 1/R + 1/R + 1/R
Simplifying this equation, we get:
1/Rp = 5/R
Now, let's find the value of Rp. We know that power (P) can be calculated using the formula:
P = V²/ R
Given that the battery delivers 78 W of power to the circuit and the voltage (V) is 45 V, we can rearrange the formula to solve for R:
R = V²/ P
Substituting the given values, we get:
R = (45²) / 78 = 25.96 ohms
Since each resistor has the same resistance, we can conclude that each resistor in the circuit has a resistance of approximately 6 ohms.
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Two ice skaters, Megan and Jason, push off from each other on frictionless ice. Jason's mass is twice that of Megan. (a) Which skater, if either, experiences the greater impulse during the push? Megan experiences the greater impulse. Jason experiences the greater impulse. Both impulses are the same. Not enough information to tell.
If Megan and Jason, push off from each other on frictionless ice. Jason's mass is twice that of Megan ,then megan experiences the greater impulse during the push.
The impulse experienced by an object is directly proportional to its change in momentum. In this scenario, Megan and Jason push off from each other on frictionless ice, meaning the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite according to Newton's third law. However, the impulse also depends on the object's mass and velocity. Since Jason has twice the mass of Megan, his change in velocity will be smaller compared to Megan for the same force exerted. Therefore, Megan, with a smaller mass, will experience a greater change in velocity and consequently a greater impulse during the push.
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