Bacteria can be selectively and differentially cultured on eskape relative would we use E. coli MacConkey .
Why does MacConkey agar have a bias?This medium is both differential and selective. Bile salts and the dye crystal violet are the selective components because they stop Gram-positive bacteria from growing. Lactose is the unique component.
What purposes does MacConkey media serve?Gram-negative enteric bacteria are isolated using MacConkey agar, which is also used to distinguish between lactose-fermenting and lactose-non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, it has been normal practise in the media to categorise bacteria according to how well they can ferment carbohydrates other than lactose.
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when you performed transcription, you were joining together nucleotides to build an mrna strand. what enzyme's job were you doing?
In order to create an mRNA strand, RNA polymerase and nucleotides are used.
RNA polymerase uses transcription to create RNA molecules from a DNA template.The initial phase of gene expression, transcription, occurs before translation, which is the process of decoding RNA into proteins. The transcription of DNA into RNA is aided by the DNA dependent RNA polymerase. Only one strand of DNA serves as a template (3'-5' orientation) and is translated into RNA.
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we can touch our finger to our nose while our eyes are closed in part because we can sense the position and movement of our joints as well as the length of stretch in our muscles. these sensations create awareness of our body's positioning. the following receptors are most likely responsible for this ability.
Proprioreceptors are responsible to create the sensation awareness of our body.
What are proprioceptors?A sensory receptor found in the subcutaneous tissues that may detect motion (or movement) and position of the body by responding to an internal stimulation.
One would be able to feel how a body part moved and where it was in relation to other body parts. Even while wearing a blindfold, a person could still be able to feel the arm over their head or use their finger to touch their nose. The body's proprioceptors are to blame for this. Sensory receptors called proprioceptors are found in the subcutaneous tissues. Through a stimulation created within the body, they are able to detect motion (or movement) and position of the body. When a bodily part moves or changes position in relation to the rest of the body, they communicate that information to the brain. The neuromuscular spindle, the Golgi tendon organ, the joint kinesthetic receptor, and the vestibular apparatus are a few examples of proprioceptors.
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which portion of gram positive peptidoglycan structure contains the repetitive subunits of nag and nam ?
In bacterial cell wall, peptidoglycan is made up of short polypeptide chains that act as crosslinks between the alternating NAG (N-acetylglucosamine) and NAM (N-acetylmuramic acid) residues, which are joined by -(1,4)-glycosidic linkages.
Structure of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria?The fundamental features of gram-positive cell walls include a thick coating of peptidoglycan and the absence of an outer membrane; in place of lipopolysaccharides, teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid are localized in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.
The thick substance known as peptidoglycan makes up the cell wall that protects bacterial cells. It is made up of short polypeptide chains that are cross-linked by alternating NAG and NAM residues that are coupled by -(1,4)-glycosidic linkages.
By using the Gram staining technique, bacteria that are gram-positive turn violet. This occurs as a result of the crystal violet dye's ability to be retained by the thick, mesh-like covering of peptidoglycan in the cell walls.
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the universal theme of passage 1 is the relationship between violence and human nature, and the universal theme of passage 2 is the relationship between civilization and nature. how do these universal themes relate to each other? they both show that people and animals are natural enemies. they both suggest that violent instincts are needed for people to survive in nature. they both suggest that nature influences people more than civilization does. they both show that violent instincts can emerge when people are away from the influence of civilization.
Humans naturally have a propensity for violent behaviour. Conflicts tend to occur frequently because of this predisposition.
What connection is there between violence and the essence of people?Humans naturally have a propensity for violent behaviour. Conflicts and destruction are a constant feature of human society, and this inclination explains why.
What kind of bond exists between people and the natural world?According to a sustainable marketing approach, the essential connection between people and nature is the constant exchange and transformation of resources, as well as the assistance that both nature and people give to one another: Although we live in a world with non-renewable resources, we have a tendency to consume as if there is an endless supply of resources.
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Answer:
D
Explanation:
They both show that violent instincts can emerge when people are away from the influence of civilization.
got right on the test
plant cells and animal cells have many things in common, but they do have some structures that are unique, too. which of the following structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, and a large central vacuole, which are not found within animal cells. The cell wall is a rigid covering that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives shape to the cell.
which of the following is true about tertiary consumers compared to primary producers in a sunlight dependent ecosystem?
Tertiary consumers produces less biomass but result in higher biomagnification.
What are different types of consumers?Compared to primary consumers, tertiary consumers spend less energy. Organisms that eat secondary consumers are considered as tertiary consumers. Primary consumers are herbivores that devour plants. Consider insects. Secondary consumers are small carnivores that eat other animals, often herbivores. Consider frogs. Tertiary consumers are large carnivores that eat other animals, particularly secondary consumers. Consider birds. Bugs, frogs, and birds(First-tier consumers) The secondary market (Tertiary consumers).
The higher an animal is on the food chain (such as third-party consumers like seals), the higher the concentration of DDT in their bodies as a result of a process called biomagnification.
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Membrane curvature is influenced by the differential lipid composition of the two membrane monolayers. Which factor do you think has the largest impact on the curvature of biological membranes?.
The two membrane monolayers' differing lipid compositions have an impact on membrane curvature. cholesterol distribution in the
lipid bilayer's two halves.
A thin polar membrane comprised of two layers of lipid molecules is known as a lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer). These membranes are flat sheets that surround every cell in a continuous barrier. The nuclear membrane enclosing the cell nucleus and the membranes of the membrane-bound organelles in the cell are all made of a lipid bilayer, as are the cell membranes of practically all animals and many viruses. The lipid bilayer serves as a barrier, retaining ions, proteins, and other molecules where they are required while preventing their diffusion into unintended locations. Even though they are only a few nanometers wide, lipid bilayers are perfectly suited to this function because they are impermeable to the majority of water-soluble (hydrophilic) molecules.
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What is an advantage of a CT scan?.
When used to diagnose, plan therapy for, and assess a variety of illnesses ,issues, in both adults and children, CT scans may offer extensive information. Additionally, exploratory surgery might not be necessary given the comprehensive pictures produced by CT scans.
In general, a CT scan provides the benefit of a quick study period (15 to 20 minutes) with excellent picture quality. However CT scans, drawbacks include the requirement for radiation exposure,issues and the majority of the time, the use of a contrast material (dye), which may make it inappropriate for people with severe renal issues.
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What are the 7 stages of mitosis in order?.
There are five phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Final physical cell division after telophase, cytokinesis is frequently regarded as the sixth stage of mitosis with Centrosomes.
1. Mitosis begins with the prophase.
Chromosomes gather and are made visible.
Centrosomes are the origin of spindle fibres.
Nucleolus dissolves as nuclear envelope disintegrates.
2. Second stage of mitosis known as prometaphase.
Chromosomes continue to compact.
At the centromeres, kinetochores are visible.
Centrosomes travel in the direction of their opposite poles as mitotic spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores.
3. Third mitotic division: metaphase.
Each sister chromatid is connected to a spindle fibre that originates from opposite poles, the mitotic spindle has fully grown, the centrosomes are at the cell's poles, and the chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate.Every chromosome is in the centre.
4. Mitosis's fourth stage is anaphase.
Sister chromatids (now known as chromosomes), which were previously bound together by cohesin proteins, separate and are drawn in opposite directions.
The cell lengthens as non-kinetochore spindle fibres grow longer.
5. The fifth stage of mitosis is called telophase.
The nuclear envelope material that surrounds each set of chromosomes decondenses as the chromosomes arrive at opposite poles.
6. The sixth and last stage of mitosis is cytokinesis.
Animal cells: the daughter cells are divided by a cleavage furrow.
A cell plate separates the daughter cells in plant cells.
the splitting of the cytoplasm into the two distinct daughter cells.
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which statement about early primary succession is false?
The first colonizers usually can modify the habitat to benefit their growth and reproduction
The first colonizers are called pioneer species
The first colonists typically cannot withstand much physiological stress
The process can be very slow
The first colonists typically face hostile conditions
The first colonists in the early primary succession typically cannot withstand much physiological stress. The given statement is incorrect about primary succession. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is Primary succession?
Primary succession is the beginning step of ecological succession which occurs on a barren land or area where no living organism ever existed. It usually occurs in an environment which is devoid of vegetation and other organisms.
During the first stage of primary succession, the ecosystem is cleared by either a natural occurrence or manmade disturbance. During this stage, the organisms which colonize can withstand much physiological stress as compared to other organisms.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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the classification of nerves is based upon the from which the nerve extends. cranial nerves extend from the , and spinal nerves extend from the .
In contrast to spinal nerves, cranial nerves are the nerves that arise directly from the brain (including the brainstem) (which emerge from segments of the spinal cord).
Cranial nerves transmit data from and to various parts of the body, mostly to and from the head and neck. Eight pairs of cervical nerves (nerves starting in your neck and running mostly to your face and head). Twelve pairs of thoracic nerves (nerves in your upper body that extend to your chest, upper back and abdomen). Five pairs of lumbar nerves (nerves in the low back that run to your legs and feet).
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lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids in the digestive system of humans . it functions best at a ph range of 4 .0 to 5 .0 . when a person takes an antacid tablet to relieve heartburn, the antacid increases the ph to around 7 in certain areas of the digestive system . which below would most likely be caused by this change in ph?
Lipid digestion is influenced by pH, even a small change in pH can have a negative impact on the amount of lipids digested.
When it comes to the digestion of lipids, why would a change in pH be expected?The digestive tract's increased concentration of weak acid results in an increase in the number of protons in solution, as fatty acids are not protonated in physiological conditions.
Why is a drop in pH a sign that lipids are being broken down?The lipids begin to decompose into fatty acids when the pancreatic and bile salts are added to the solution. Because the breakdown will cause a low pH, we tested every 20 minutes to see how the pH changed. The fats' breakdown is confirmed by this pH change.
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Full Question = Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids in the digestive system of humans. It functions best at a pH range of 4.0 to 5.0. When a person takes an antacid tablet to relieve heartburn, the antacid increases the pH to around 7 in certain areas of the digestive system. Which initial effect would most likely be caused by a change in pH?
A. More lipids would be digested.
B. Fewer lipids would be digested.
C. The production of lipase molecules would increase.
D. The production of lipase molecules would decrease.
What is the relationship between an allele and DNA?.
At a specific genomic location, an allele is one of two or more variations of the DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases). For each genomic region with such variation, an individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, generally known as DNA, is the full name for the polynucleotide chain-based compound that makes up most of an organism's genetic allele material and is responsible for passing genetic information from one generation to the next. A pair of chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids and made up of different proteins and DNA, are found in the nucleus of each individual cell. Therefore, we can state that each chromosome has DNA and that each cell contains chromosomes. The alleles are different versions of a gene that are nearly identical to each other and have little to no different DNA. A gene is a structure made of DNA that is arranged on a chromosome.
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A broad definition of ______ is changes in traits from generation to generation.
Evolution consists of changes in the heritable traits of a population of organisms as successive generations replace each other. It is populations of organisms that evolve, not individual organisms.
In population genetics, evolution is defined as a change in the frequency of alleles (versions of a gene) in a population over time. Evolution is the process by which populations of organisms change over generations. Genetic variations underlie these changes.
In general terms, biological evolution is the process of change by which new species develop from pre-existing species over time; In genetic terms, evolution can be defined as any change in the frequency of alleles in populations of organisms from generation to generation.
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A woman is a carrier for a sex-linked lethal gene that causes an embryo with the gene to spontaneously abort or miscarry. She has nine living children, but has lost several embryos to spontaneously abortions. How many of the living children do you expect to be boys? (specific number please)
Given that the woman is the carrier, the fatal gene must be located on the X chromosome. In other words, there is a 50% chance that the offspring will carry the lethal gene. Due to the 2:1 ratio, there are 3 male children and 6 female children.
Which of the following diseases is brought on by nondisjunction and results in severe birth defects?The cell division error known as nondisjunction frequently causes down syndrome. Instead of the usual two copies of chromosome 21, an embryo with nondisjunction has three copies.
a gene that, under certain circumstances (like homozygous ones), may stop an organism's development or result in the death of its germ cells. additionally known as a lethal factor, lethal mutant, or lethal mutation.
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What is the structure of DNA similar to?.
The structure of DNA is called a "double helix" which is simply a twisted ladder. Or, twisted staircase.
DNA is made up of a double helix. To put it another way, it is a spiral-shaped, double-stranded molecule. Deoxyribose sugars alternate with phosphates to create the molecule's exterior, or the rails of the stairway. The "backbone" of the molecule is another name for this area.The double helix, which resembles a twisted ladder, is the shape of DNA. Sugar and phosphate molecules alternately make up the sides of the ladder. It is deoxyribose, the sugar. The ladder's rungs are made up of pairings of the four different nitrogen bases.A lengthy polymer is created when the phosphates and sugars of nearby nucleotides connect. They demonstrated how the twisted uprights of the DNA ladder are made up of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate molecules. The complementary pairings of nitrogen bases that make up the ladder's rungs are A always paired with T and G always paired with C.DNA Replication Deoxyribonucleic acid, also known as DNA, resembles a long, spiralling ladder. It only has carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus as its main atom types. The sides of the DNA ladder, or the sugar-phosphate backbone, are made up of combinations of these atoms.To know more about double helix check the below link:
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potential threats to biodiversity as a result of climate change include all of the following except
The sympathetic division of the ans is also called the thoracolumbar division as it arises from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
What is the thoracolumbar division?The peripheral nervous system's autonomic nervous system controls physiological functions that are carried out automatically, such as digestion, blood pressure, respiration, and sexual desire.
The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system is the part of the body that is responsible for kicking off the "flight or fight" reaction when the body is under stress.
Therefore, The sympathetic division of the ans is also called the thoracolumbar division as it arises from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
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assume that an organism exists in which crossing over does not occur, but that all other processes associated with meiosis occur normally. consider how the absence of crossing over would affect the outcome of meiosis. if crossing over did not occur, which of the following statements about meiosis would be true? select all that apply. view available hint(s)for part c assume that an organism exists in which crossing over does not occur, but that all other processes associated with meiosis occur normally. consider how the absence of crossing over would affect the outcome of meiosis. if crossing over did not occur, which of the following statements about meiosis would be true? select all that apply. the daughter cells of meiosis i would be diploid, but the daughter cells of meiosis ii would be haploid. the four daughter cells produced in meiosis ii would all be different. the two daughter cells produced in meiosis i would be identical. there would be less genetic variation among gametes. independent assortment of chromosomes would not occur. the two sister chromatids of each replicated chromosome would no longer be identical.
The statement that is correct about meiosis, which would be true if intercrossing did not occur is, there would be less genetic variation among gametes. Correct answer: letter E.
For, without intercrossing, the gametes would be limited to the combination of genes obtained from the parents, which means that there would be less genetic variation between the gametes.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a process of cell division that produces sex cells, such as gametes, which contain half of the chromosomes found in a somatic cell.
Cross-linking is a process in which two chromosomes exchange DNA segments. This implies that the gametes produced during meiosis contain a unique combination of genes that are different from the genes of the parents.
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Enzyme molecules normally interact with substrate molecules. Some medicines work by blocking enzyme activity in pathogens. These medicines are effective because they?.
These medicines have a shape that fits in the enzyme thats why they are effective
Each enzyme has a unique part this is referred to as active site. This active site is liable for all of the enzymatic activity and its shape is such that just a few substrates can bind with it (Please see discern).
This exactly is the mechanism through which a few medicines work. they have got a shape that fits with the active site of the enzyme and for this reason can bind to it. while those drug treatments bind with the active site of the pathogen’s enzyme, they decrease enzyme’s activity rather than increasing. The drug treatments in this example are referred to as as inhibitors, due to the fact they inhibit the enzyme’s feature.
The quality of a medicine is frequently assessed with the aid of its specificity for the enzyme and its quantity needed to inhibit the enzyme. If its form is flawlessly matching with active site and very small amount is needed to inhibit the enzyme activity, it means that medication has low side effects and greater tremendous results.
Many herbicides and pesticides used for crop development work in this mechanism.
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What are the 4 cellular respiration stages?.
The 4 cellular respiration stages are
Glycolysis Pyruvate oxidationKrebs cycleOxidative phosphorylationAnaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) cellular respiration are both possible (without oxygen). During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen combine to create ATP, which the cell can utilise. As byproducts, carbon dioxide and water are produced. The Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis—an anaerobic process—are the three phases of aerobic cellular respiration.
The act of "breathing" is not the same as cellular respiration. This may be perplexing! The act of breathing and exhaling is frequently referred to as "respiration." But this isn't cellular respiration; it's physiological respiration. The two processes are not the same, but they are connected.
Hence, cellular respiration involves complete breakdown of food to form ATP
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What is direct democracy Short answer?.
The form of democracy where the public can directly vote for the proposed constitutional amendment, law, treaty or policy, is called the direct democracy.
Democracy is the form of government formed by the will of common public. It allows the public to have the authority to choose their leader, representative and also the tasks that should be done by the political officials.
Amendment is the small but official change made to a pre-formed law, contract or any other form of legal document. In simple terms, an amendment is a correction. These amendments are essential according to the people's aspirations and changes in society.
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12.opportunistic infection a.what components of the gram-positive cell wall are responsible for septic shock b.how would you formulate koch's postulates for opportunistic pathogens?
Peptidoglycans are the mediators of the septic shock. The micro organisms must be found in any kind of healthy individual.
What are gram positive bacteria ?Gram positive bacteria are the bacteria which gets stained by the gram stain.
Peptidoglycans are the components of gram bacteria in which the gram stain bacteria cell wall and is present in both types of bacteria where it both gets the structural support by the molecules.
Peptidoglycans are the mediators of septic shock.
The cells that cause septic shock are caused by the primarily caused by the cytokines and the basic TNF and interleukins.
V
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dna replication dna replication is conservative. is not edited once polymerization has occurred. requires a type of rna polymerase. is partially regulated by promoter/terminator sites. proceeds by making two continuous strands.
DNA replication requires a type of RNA polymerase. During DNA replication and synthesizes RNA/DNA primer RNA polymerase serves as primase.
DNA replication is not conservative but it is semi-conservative.
Proceeds by making two strands one is continuous also called leading strand another is discontinuous strand called as lagging strand.
DNA replication requires a type of RNA polymerase.
This statement is correct.
During DNA replication and synthesizes RNA/DNA primer RNA polymerase serves as primase.
The promoter is located on structural gene towards the 5'-end. It is a DNA sequence that provides a binding site for RNA polymerase.
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The outer surface of the f0 subunit of atp synthase must be _____ to be embedded in the membrane.
The outer surface of the f0 subunit of atp synthase must be hydrophobic to be embedded in the membrane.
What is ATP synthase?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced by the enzyme ATP synthase during the process of cellular respiration. The primary source of energy used by cells is ATP.
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate (Pi) are used by ATP synthase in the process of oxidative phosphorylation, which is the process by which enzymes oxidize nutrients to produce ATP. All life forms contain ATP synthase, which is responsible for all cellular activities.
About 100 ATP molecules can be produced by each ATP synthase every second. Eukaryotes, which include plants, animals, and fungi, have mitochondria, which primarily serve as ATP generators.
Therefore, The outer surface of the f0 subunit of atp synthase must be hydrophobic to be embedded in the membrane.
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trait d is homologous in all of the taxa except mosses. blanktarget 1 of 6 magnolias only have trait c. blanktarget 2 of 6 the common ancestor marked by the dot had all five traits. blanktarget 3 of 6 trait b is homologous in pines, cedars, and cacao. blanktarget 4 of 6 trait e is homologous in magnolias, roses, and cacao. blanktarget 5 of 6 trait c occurs only in magnolias
Trait D is homologous in all, with the exception of mosses, all taxa share homology for trait D. blank target 1 of 6 magnolias only have trait c. blank target 2 of 6 the common ancestor marked by the dot had all five traits.
With the exception of mosses, all taxa share homology for trait D.Cacao, cedar, and pine all have comparable traits to trait B.Only characteristic C is present in magnolias.The common ancestor indicated by the dot possessed all five characteristics.Cacao, roses, and magnolias have a trait E homolog.Only magnolias exhibit Trait C.The complete question is attached:
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What caused Claire's miscarriage?.
The trauma of witnessing Jamie and Black Jack Randall's (Tobias Menzies) duel caused Claire to deliver her child too soon, and she nearly died in the hospital after losing her baby.
Claire tragically lost her child after going into premature labor while racing to stop Jaime from dueling Captain Jack Randall. Claire was devastated when the nurse was rushed to L'Hôpital des Anges and her baby was stillborn.
Claire knew she would have miscarried whether Jamie pursued BJR or not; she had experienced bleeding in the weeks leading up to it, as well as a nagging pain in her back on her way to Bois de Bologne. She did not place blame on herself for the miscarriage. While it's easy to love Claire and Jamie when they're in love, it's quite another to see Balfe's character reveal she "hated" Jamie for the events leading up to their first daughter's tragic miscarriage.
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Regarding most cells, the orderly process consisting of interphase and cell division is called the.
Answer:
mitosis
Explanation:
this is what happens in most cells ( including human cells) for growth and to replenish dead cells etc...
Assess the following statements and choose the one that explains the importance of the relationship between the standard change in free energy of a reaction and its equilibrium constant. 13 Multiple Choice Skipped Using the equation that links the standard free energy change of a reaction and its equilibrium constant describes the importance of predicting the amount of energy available to do work; reactions with a AG are exergonic. Using the equation that links the standard free energy change of a reaction and its equilibrium constant enables comparisons of reactions with changes in temperature and pressure and predicts whether the reaction will proceed spontaneously Using the equation that links the standard free energy change of a reaction and its equilibrium constant enables comparisons of reactions in the absence of any change in environmental conditions and predicts whether the reaction will proceed spontaneously. Using the equation that links the standard free energy change of a reaction and its equilibrium constant describes the nature of the reaction; equilibrium constants of less than 1 proceed spontaneously.
Using the equation that links the standard free energy change of a reaction and its equilibrium constant describes the importance of predicting the amount of energy available to do work; reactions with a ΔG are exergonic.
The enthalpy and entropy changes of a reaction, as well as the temperature at which the reaction occurs, are used to calculate G in a practical and frequently used form of the Gibbs free energy change equation.
ΔG=ΔH−TΔS
Negative G reactions release energy, allowing them to continue without an energy input (are spontaneous). On the other hand, positive G reactions demand an energy input in order to occur (are non-spontaneous). The enthalpy change and the entropy change both contribute to the total sign and value of G, as shown by the equation above. These elements make G more negative when a reaction generates heat (negative H) or raises the entropy of the system. On the other hand, these elements make G more positive when a reaction absorbs heat or reduces the entropy of the system.
Hence, spontaneous reaction have negative Gibbs free energy.
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Which of the following examples of levers is mismatched?
a.) First class lever - Elbow joint
b.) Second-class lever - Standing up on your toes
c.) Third class lever - Biceps brachii muscle
d.) All of these choices are correct.
The head and neck are the first class levers in the human body during neck extension. Therefore, option (A) is example where levers is mismatched.
What are levers?In the human body, a lever consists of a load represented by a weight and effort. The structures in the body that form levers to create human movement are bones, ligaments, and muscles.
The fulcrum is in the middle of the effort and the load, making this a first-rate lever. When raising your head to head a football, this type of lever is found in your neck. The effort is provided by the neck muscles, the fulcrum is the neck, and the load is the weight of the head.
Therefore, option (A) is mismatched.
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During the absolute refractory period which of the following is true?
A. If a neuron reaches threshold, the action potential goes to completion
B. The neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to threshold.
C. It is possible to trigger a new action potential but only with an unusually strong stimulus.
D. No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential.
E. The signal grows weaker with distance.
No stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential is true about the absolute refractory period (Option D).
What is the absolute refractory period of a response to a stimulus?The absolute refractory period of a response to a stimulus refers to the interval of time in which the new action potential can not be reached independently of the presence of stimuli to trigger it.
This period (the absolute refractory period) is used to understand how stimuli send info during the response to the environment.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the absolute refractory period of a response to a stimulus is based on the time period required for the neuron cell to be able to respond to a new stimulus, which depends on the generation of a new action potential capable of activating a concomitant response.
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