If you are instructed to shelter-in-place and use plastic garbage bags and duct tape to seal off the interior, you are most likely dealing with a hazardous chemical or biological event. This type of event may involve dangerous substances in the air, and sealing off the interior is a precautionary measure to prevent exposure and ensure your safety.
Sheltering-in-place is a protective action that can be taken during an emergency to keep yourself safe when evacuation is not possible or advised. It involves staying inside a building or vehicle and creating a barrier between you and the outside environment. In cases of hazardous chemical or biological events, the use of plastic garbage bags and duct tape can help to create a physical barrier that prevents dangerous substances from entering the building or vehicle. This protective measure is particularly important when the event is occurring in the immediate vicinity or when there is no time to evacuate. However, it is important to remember that this is only a temporary solution, and it is essential to follow the instructions of emergency officials and seek medical attention if necessary.
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What are the mechanisms of volcanic tsunamis?
Volcanic tsunamis are caused by various mechanisms that are linked to volcanic eruptions. One of the most common mechanisms is known as a volcanic landslide, where a large portion of the volcano collapses into the sea.
This landslide can create a massive wave that can travel across the ocean and cause destruction along coastlines.
Another mechanism is an explosive volcanic eruption, which can generate a tsunami if the eruption occurs near the sea. During an explosive eruption, the force of the explosion can cause the ocean water to be displaced, resulting in a large wave. This type of volcanic tsunami is often the most destructive as it can occur suddenly and without warning.
Other mechanisms that can cause volcanic tsunamis include caldera collapses, underwater explosions, and the release of gas and steam from volcanic vents. These mechanisms can result in the displacement of large volumes of water, leading to the formation of a tsunami.
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what did astronomers expect might cause the expansion of the universe to slow down?
Astronomers expected that gravity would cause the expansion of the universe to slow down.
Gravity is a fundamental force that attracts matter toward each other, so it was thought that the gravitational attraction between galaxies would eventually overcome the expansion and cause the universe to contract.
However, in 1998, astronomers discovered that not only was the universe still expanding, but its expansion was actually accelerating. This led to the discovery of dark energy, a mysterious force that seems to be driving the acceleration.
The discovery of dark energy has led to a revolution in our understanding of the universe and its ultimate fate.
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__________ is the world standard for a consistent Universal Time.
-Daylight saving time
-Greenwich mean time
-The prime meridian
-Coordinated Universal Time
-Standard time
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the world standard for a consistent Universal Time. It is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time.
The basis for UTC is International Atomic Time (TAI), which is derived from a weighted average of atomic clocks spread out around the globe.
Because time zones are made by dividing the globe into sections that are roughly 15 degrees of longitude apart, the time difference between UTC and local time varies depending on the longitude of the location.
People may interact and engage in activities with one another despite having different time zones thanks to the use of UTC, which synchronises timekeeping around the globe.
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attacking enemy centers of gravity is an action in the _____ phase.
Attacking enemy centers of gravity is an action in the execution phase. In this phase, military forces focus on neutralizing the enemy's critical capabilities and disrupting their ability to fight effectively. This involves identifying and targeting their centers of gravity, which are the key elements or assets that give them strength and power. By doing so, it weakens the enemy's overall capability and helps achieve the desired outcome in a conflict.
Attacking enemy centers of gravity is an action typically associated with the execution phase of military operations. The execution phase is the stage where planned actions and operations are carried out to achieve specific objectives. It involves the implementation of strategies, tactics, and the deployment of forces to engage the enemy and disrupt their capabilities. Attacking the enemy's centers of gravity, which are key elements that enable their ability to fight effectively, is a crucial aspect of this phase as it aims to weaken and undermine the enemy's overall strength and operational capacity.
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Name the scale commonly used to rate tornado intensity. How is a rating on this scale determined?
The scale commonly used to rate tornado intensity is the Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale). This scale ranges from EF0 (65-85 mph winds) to EF5 (over 200 mph winds).
The rating on this scale is determined based on the damage caused by the tornado. The National Weather Service will assess the damage to structures such as homes, businesses, and other buildings in the affected area. The degree of damage, including the type of damage, the extent of damage, and the materials affected, is taken into consideration to assign a rating to the tornado. For example, if a tornado caused roof damage to a well-constructed home, it would likely be rated Enhanced fujita scale 1 or EF2. However, if the tornado completely destroyed the same well-constructed home, it would likely be rated EF4 or EF5. It is important to note that the EF Scale is not a direct measurement of wind speed, but rather a rating system based on the damage caused by the tornado. This information is crucial in helping meteorologists and emergency management officials to accurately assess the impact of a tornado and provide appropriate warnings and response efforts.
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how is a lahar different from a pyroclastic flow?
A lahar and a pyroclastic flow are two different types of volcanic hazards.
A lahar is a type of volcanic mudflow that is triggered when volcanic ash and debris mixes with water, such as from rainfall or melting snow and ice. Lahars can be very destructive as they can travel long distances and can pick up boulders and other debris, causing significant damage to infrastructure and buildings. On the other hand, a pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving, high-temperature mix of ash, rock fragments, and gas that is ejected from a volcano during an eruption. Pyroclastic flows can travel at speeds of up to several hundred kilometers per hour and can be extremely hot, with temperatures ranging from 200 to 700 degrees Celsius. Pyroclastic flows can cause widespread devastation and are one of the most dangerous volcanic hazards. In summary, while both lahar and pyroclastic flow are volcanic hazards, they are different in terms of their composition, speed, and temperature. A lahar is a type of mudflow that is triggered by volcanic ash mixing with water, while a pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving, high-temperature mix of ash, rock fragments, and gas that is ejected from a volcano during an eruption.
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The organic sedimentary rock that is composed of mud-sized particles and partially decayed organic matter derived from plankton and algae remains is: a. fossiliferous limestone, b. coal. Oc oil shale. d. chert.
The organic sedimentary rock that is composed of mud-sized particles and partially decayed organic matter derived from plankton and algae remains is oil shale.
Oil shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock that contains a high percentage of organic material, typically in the form of kerogen, a precursor to crude oil. Oil shale is formed from the accumulation of organic-rich sediment on the bottom of ancient lakes or seas. Over time, the organic material is buried and subjected to heat and pressure, causing it to break down and release hydrocarbons, such as oil and gas. Fossiliferous limestone is a type of limestone that contains visible fossils, such as shells or other marine organisms. Coal is a type of organic sedimentary rock that is formed from the accumulation and compression of plant material. Chert is a hard, dense, sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline quartz.
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On average, the coldest region of Earth is in northern Canada.
T or F
The statement "On average, the coldest region of Earth is in northern Canada" is False because the coldest region of Earth is Antarctica, located in the Southern Hemisphere.
Antarctica is the Earth's southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. It is a vast, icy landmass that is covered with an ice sheet that is, on average, 1.9 kilometers (1.2 miles) thick. Due to its location at the South Pole, Antarctica receives very little sunlight during its winter months, which leads to extremely low temperatures.
Northern Canada, while indeed cold, does not experience temperatures as low as those found in Antarctica. Although the Arctic region, which includes parts of northern Canada, is characterized by its cold and harsh climate, it still experiences milder temperatures compared to Antarctica. One reason for this is that the Arctic region is mostly composed of frozen ocean, which helps to moderate temperatures.
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These volcanic products cover 70% of Earth's surface.
A. mid-ocean ridge volcanism
B. hot spots
C. LIPs
D. flood basalts
The correct answer is C. LIPs (Large Igneous Provinces) are volcanic products that cover 70% of Earth's surface.
They are massive outpourings of magma that occurred in the past, mostly during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. LIPs are characterized by the eruption of large volumes of basaltic lava, which can cover thousands of square kilometers and can reach thicknesses of several kilometers. Some examples of LIPs include the Siberian Traps, the Deccan Traps in India, and the Columbia River Basalt Group in the United States. The other options, mid-ocean ridge volcanism, hot spots, and flood basalts, are types of volcanic activity but do not cover 70% of Earth's surface.
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which of the following is not an environmental hazard of large-scale mining?
Large-scale mining has various environmental hazards, but reduction in carbon emissions is not one of them. The hazards include habitat destruction, water pollution, and air pollution.
Large-scale mining operations are known to have significant environmental impacts. Some of the primary hazards include habitat destruction, which occurs when mining activities remove vegetation and disrupt ecosystems; water pollution, as mining operations often release harmful chemicals into water sources, affecting aquatic life and human health; and air pollution, as dust and emissions from mining equipment and processes can negatively impact air quality and contribute to climate change.
However, one aspect that is not considered an environmental hazard of large-scale mining is the reduction in carbon emissions. In fact, mining operations often produce greenhouse gases and contribute to climate change. Some mines are working to reduce their carbon emissions through the use of renewable energy sources, efficient technologies, and carbon offset programs, but these efforts are not considered a direct environmental hazard of mining itself. Instead, they are attempts to mitigate the existing negative impacts of the industry.
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True or False: Ozone molecules are only found in the ozone layer.
Answer:
True, 90% of the planet's ozone is in the "ozone layer" which exists in the lower level (20-25 kilometres above sea level) of the stratosphere.
Where are ozone molecules found?
Most atmospheric ozone is concentrated in a layer in the stratosphere, about 9 to 18 miles (15 to 30 km) above the Earth's surface (see the figure below). Ozone is a molecule that contains three oxygen atoms. At any given time, ozone molecules are constantly formed and destroyed in the stratosphere.
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A depression along the boundary of a seamount where sediment has built-up is a(n) ____.
A depression along the boundary of a seamount where sediment has built up is a submarine canyon.
A submarine canyon is a steep-sided and V-shaped canyon that is found on the ocean floor. These canyons are typically carved out by underwater currents and turbidity currents, which are powerful underwater currents that move sediment and other materials across the ocean floor. Submarine canyons can be several kilometers wide and several thousand meters deep, making them some of the largest features on the ocean floor. These canyons are found in many areas of the world's oceans, and they are particularly common near continental shelves and along the edges of tectonic plates. Submarine canyons are important habitats for a variety of marine organisms, including deep-sea corals, sponges, and fish. They also play an important role in the transportation of sediment and nutrients across the ocean floor, as well as in the formation of underwater landscapes.
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What is the primary reason for the increase of CO2 over past 100 years
The primary reason for the increase of CO2 over the past 100 years is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas.
When these fuels are burned, they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which traps heat and contributes to global warming. The burning of fossil fuels has increased dramatically since the Industrial Revolution, as human societies have become increasingly dependent on these sources of energy. The widespread use of automobiles, airplanes, and other forms of transportation, as well as the growth of industry and agriculture, has also contributed to the increase in CO2 emissions. In addition to human activities, natural processes such as volcanic eruptions and wildfires can also release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, these natural sources of CO2 are relatively small compared to the amount released by human activities. Reducing CO2 emissions is a key strategy for mitigating the impacts of climate change and ensuring a sustainable future for our planet.
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Review what is positivism, what did it emphasize and develope as part of what kind of movement that emphasized what?
Positivism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes the use of empirical evidence and scientific methods to obtain knowledge about the natural world. It was developed as part of the broader scientific movement that stressed the importance of empirical observation and experimentation in understanding reality.
Positivism was founded by Auguste Comte, who believed that all knowledge should be grounded in observable facts and phenomena, rejecting speculation and metaphysics. This approach emphasized the need for verifiable data and scientific methods, such as observation, experimentation, and hypothesis testing.As a movement, positivism prioritized the natural sciences and aimed to apply their rigorous methods to other disciplines, including the social sciences.
This led to the development of quantitative research methods and the belief that human behavior could be studied and explained through scientific principles.In summary, positivism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes the importance of empirical evidence and scientific methods in understanding the natural world. It was developed as part of the scientific movement that stressed empirical observation and experimentation. The key principles of positivism include reliance on observable facts, verifiable data, and the application of scientific methods to various fields of study.
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All of the following might be used to explain the South's distinctiveness, EXCEPT:Question 2 options:a) its climate.b) its preponderance of farming.c) its biracial population.d) the high proportion of immigrants that comprised the overall southern population.e) its determination to preserve slavery.
Except D: "the high proportion of immigrants that comprised the overall southern population" all of the given options might be used to explain the South's distinctiveness.
The South's distinctiveness can be explained by factors such as its climate, preponderance of farming, biracial population, and its determination to preserve slavery. The southern states of the US have a predominantly warm and humid climate, which has had a significant impact on the region's economy and culture.
Additionally, the South has historically been an agricultural region, with farming being a primary economic activity. The region also has a unique demographic makeup, with a large biracial population that has contributed to its distinctive culture. Lastly, the South's determination to preserve slavery was a major factor in the region's history, shaping its politics and social norms.
However, the high proportion of immigrants in the overall southern population is not considered a significant factor in explaining the South's distinctiveness.
Option d) is the correct answer.
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The angle of elevation (altitude) of the North Star is your _____ on Earth
the angle of elevation or altitude of the North Star can be used as a navigational tool to determine one's latitude on Earth.
The angle of elevation or altitude of the North Star is your latitude on Earth. The North Star, also known as Polaris, is located very close to the north celestial pole, which is the point in the sky directly above the Earth's north pole. As a result, the North Star appears to be almost stationary in the night sky, while all the other stars appear to rotate around it.
By measuring the angle of elevation or altitude of the North Star above the horizon, an observer can determine their latitude on Earth. Specifically, the altitude of the North Star above the horizon is equal to the observer's latitude in degrees.
For example, if an observer in the northern hemisphere measures the altitude of the North Star to be 45 degrees above the horizon, then their latitude on Earth is 45 degrees north.
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A great circle has a center that coincides with Earth's center.
True
False
The given statement "A great circle has a center that coincides with Earth's center." is true True because the center of a great circle is the point at the exact center of the sphere, which in the case of the Earth, is the Earth's center.
A great circle is defined as the largest possible circle that can be drawn on the surface of a sphere, such as the Earth, and it divides the sphere into two equal halves.Examples of great circles on the Earth's surface include the equator, which is the great circle that divides the Earth into northern and southern hemispheres, and the meridians of longitude, which are the great circles that run from the North Pole to the South Pole and divide the Earth into eastern and western hemispheres.
Understanding the properties and characteristics of great circles is important for navigation and mapping, as they provide the shortest distance between two points on the Earth's surface, known as a "great circle route".
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true or false mudcracks
the presence of mudcracks indicates the sediments lithified in water
False. mudcracks the presence of mudcracks indicates the sediments lithified in water
The presence of mudcracks actually indicates that the sediments were exposed to air at some point. Mudcracks are a common feature in sedimentary rocks that form when muddy sediments are exposed to the air and dry out. As the sediment dries, it shrinks and cracks, forming a pattern of polygonal cracks that resemble a dried-up mud puddle. These cracks are then filled in with sediment that is deposited on top of them, preserving the mudcrack pattern in the rock record. Therefore, the presence of mudcracks indicates that the sediments lithified in air, not water.
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Where is the noon Sun directly overhead on (a) the beginning of our summer, (b) the beginning of our winter, (c) the beginning of spring, and (d) the beginning of fall? How often is there a leap year in the Gregorian calendar?
The noon Sun is directly overhead on the Tropic of Cancer on the beginning of our summer
The noon Sun is directly overhead on the Tropic of Capricorn on the beginning of our winter.
On spring and fall, the noon Sun is directly overhead on the equator.
Where does noon Sun shine directly overhead in different seasons?The Earth's axial tilt causes position of the Sun in the sky to change throughout the year which results in different seasons.
On the beginning of our summer, the noon Sun shines directly overhead on the Tropic of Cancer that is located at 23.5 degrees north latitude.
In winter, the noon Sun shines directly overhead on the Tropic of Capricorn and on beginning of spring and fall, the noon Sun shines directly overhead on the equator.
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What conditions must be met for a magnetic field to exert a force on a particle?
In order for a magnetic field to exert a force on a particle, a few conditions must be met.
Firstly, the particle must be charged, as magnetic fields only interact with charged particles. Secondly, the particle must be moving in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, as the force exerted by the magnetic field is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction of motion of the charged particle.
The strength of the force exerted on the particle depends on a few factors, including the strength of the magnetic field, the velocity of the charged particle, and the charge of the particle. The direction of the force is determined by the right-hand rule, where the direction of the force is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the direction of motion of the charged particle.
It is also worth noting that magnetic fields can only exert a force on charged particles that are moving. If the charged particle is at rest, it will not experience a force from the magnetic field.
Overall, for a magnetic field to exert a force on a particle, the particle must be charged, moving in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, and not at rest. The strength and direction of the force depend on the strength of the magnetic field, velocity of the charged particle, and the charge of the particle.
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if the phase angles of two sine waves are both 0 degrees then the waves
Answer:
Explanation: are in phase
If the phase angles of two sine waves are both 0 degrees, it means that the waves are in phase with each other. In this case, the peaks and troughs of the waves align perfectly, resulting in constructive interference.
When two waves are in phase, their individual amplitudes add up, resulting in a combined wave with a larger amplitude. This constructive interference leads to reinforcement of the wave's strength and produces a higher overall intensity.
In summary, when the phase angles of two sine waves are both 0 degrees, the waves are in phase, and their amplitudes add up constructively, resulting in a stronger combined wave.
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Compared to a land surface exposed to the same solar radiation, an ocean surface should have a higher annual temperature range.
T or F
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
This statement is false. The thermal capacity of water is much higher than that of land, meaning that it takes a greater amount of heat energy to raise the temperature of water compared to land. This results in the ocean having a lower annual temperature range compared to land. Additionally, the movement of ocean currents can also help to moderate temperatures and reduce annual temperature ranges.
Rhianna has a stream flowing through her farm. The sediment flowing in the stream is usually fine sand. After a storm, the sediment is a mixture of fine sand, coarse sand, and pebbles. What would Rhianna most likely observe
Rhianna would most likely observe an increase in sediment deposition and changes in the stream's characteristics after the storm. When the storm occurs, it increases the water flow in the stream, causing more erosion and transportation of sediment particles.
As a result, the sediment composition in the stream changes from fine sand to a mixture of fine sand, coarse sand, and pebbles.The increase in water flow enables the stream to carry larger and heavier sediment particles like coarse sand and pebbles, which were not present before the storm.
Due to this change, Rhianna would notice that the streambed's texture has become rougher and more uneven, with an increased amount of coarse sand and pebbles deposited along the banks and bed of the stream.Additionally, Rhianna might observe changes in the stream's flow patterns, as the presence of larger sediment particles like pebbles can cause the water to flow around them, creating new paths and channels in the stream.
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Any piece of help is appreciated!
When looking at a map that accurately depicts the major rivers, mountainous regions, desert provinces, and population concentrations of a particular area, two prominent topographical patterns you might observe are plateaus and valleys.
What is a Plateau?A plateau is typically characterized as an extensive landscape that is relatively level and elevated above its bordering areas. It generally finds itself alongside mountain ranges and can be marked on maps with its shallow, elevated surface area.
Valleys, however, are narrow and low-lying parts of the land between two higher points — such as mountain ranges — formed usually by running water. They can be spotted on maps by their lengthy, curved shape.
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The Polar Jet Stream meanders between 30 and 70 degrees north latitude at the Tropopause along the Polar Front.
T or F
The statement: The Polar Jet Stream meanders between 30 and 70 degrees north latitude at the Tropopause along the Polar Front is FALSE because it typically meanders between 50 and 70 degrees.
The Polar Jet Stream is a fast-moving, narrow band of strong winds that circulates at high altitudes (about 9-12 km above sea level) in the Northern Hemisphere.
It typically meanders between 50 and 70 degrees north latitude at the Tropopause, along the boundary between cold polar air and warmer air to the south, known as the Polar Front.
The meanders or waves in the jet stream can have significant impacts on weather patterns and can contribute to the formation of weather systems like storms and heatwaves. In the Southern Hemisphere, there is also a Polar Jet Stream, but it tends to be less continuous and less well-defined than its northern counterpart.
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Because the upper regions of a glacier flow __________ than the base of the glacier, the upper part of the glacier tends to be __________.
Because the upper regions of a glacier flow flow faster than the base of the glacier, the upper part of the glacier tends to be more crevassed, broken, and exposed to the elements.
This phenomenon is known as glacier flow, which is the movement of ice down a slope or across a surface. Glaciers are large bodies of ice that flow due to the force of gravity.
As the upper regions of a glacier flow faster, they tend to be more crevassed and broken than the base of the glacier. The crevasses occur due to the tension caused by the faster flow in the upper regions of the glacier.
Moreover, the melting of ice at the bottom causes a lubricating effect, which allows the glacier to move more freely, resulting in the slower flow of ice.
The upper part of the glacier is also more exposed to the sun's radiation and winds, which can cause the ice to melt and sublimate, resulting in the formation of snowdrifts and uneven surfaces.
Additionally, the accumulation of snowfall at the top of the glacier tends to be higher, leading to more ice buildup and increased pressure, which contributes to the faster flow of the glacier.
In conclusion, the upper regions of a glacier flow faster than the base of the glacier, causing the upper part of the glacier to be more crevassed, broken, and exposed to the elements.
Understanding the dynamics of glacier flow is essential for scientists to accurately predict the effects of climate change on glaciers and their impact on the environment.
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What are Six contries that border France
Answer:
Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg, Belgium
mammoth hot springs is unlike the other hot springs in the park because it deposits sinter.
Yes, Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park is unique among the park's hot springs because it deposits sinter. Sinter refers to the mineral deposits that are left behind as the hot spring water flows over the land and evaporates.
Mammoth Hot Springs is characterized by its terraces of travertine, a type of limestone formed from the precipitation of calcium carbonate. The hot water in the springs contains dissolved minerals, primarily calcium carbonate, which is derived from the surrounding limestone rock.
As the hot water rises to the surface and flows over the land, it cools down and releases carbon dioxide gas. This process causes the calcium carbonate to precipitate out of the water and form layers of travertine, which build up over time to create the terraces. The deposition of this mineral-rich sinter gives Mammoth Hot Springs its distinctive appearance with its white, terraced formations.
The unique geological conditions, including the presence of limestone and the hydrothermal activity, contribute to the formation of these sinter terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs. The continuous deposition of sinter can lead to changes in the terraces' structure and shape over time, making it a dynamic and fascinating natural feature in Yellowstone National Park.
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talking about "direct" and "indirect" sunlight is a way of describing?
the heat of the sun.
the angle of the sun’s rays.
the Earth’s distance from the sun.
the changing tilt of the Earth’s axis.
Talking about "direct" and "indirect" sunlight is a way of describing the changing tilt of the Earth's axis.
As the Earth rotates around the sun, the tilt of its axis changes, causing different parts of the planet to receive varying amounts of sunlight. When the tilt of the Earth's axis is directly facing the sun, we experience "direct" sunlight, which is stronger and more concentrated. On the other hand, when the tilt of the Earth's axis is angled away from the sun, we experience "indirect" sunlight, which is weaker and more diffused. This change in the angle of the Earth's axis is what causes the seasons and affects the amount of daylight we receive throughout the year.
Direct and indirect sunlight refers to the angle at which sunlight reaches the Earth's surface due to its changing tilt on its axis. Direct sunlight occurs when the sun's rays strike the surface at a near-perpendicular angle, resulting in higher energy and warmer temperatures. This occurs during summer months, when the Earth's tilt positions a specific hemisphere closer to the sun. Conversely, indirect sunlight occurs when the sun's rays strike the Earth at a more oblique angle, providing less energy and cooler temperatures. This takes place during winter months when the Earth's tilt positions a specific hemisphere further away from the sun. Understanding the difference between direct and indirect sunlight helps explain the variations in temperature and daylight hours experienced throughout the year.
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mineral sillimanite indicates higher-grade metamorphism than staurolite
true or false
True. Sillimanite is a mineral that typically forms at higher temperatures and pressures than staurolite, and its presence in a metamorphic rock is generally considered to be an indicator of higher-grade metamorphism.
Sillimanite forms at temperatures above about 550-600 degrees Celsius and pressures above about 4-5 kilobars, while staurolite forms at lower temperatures and pressures. In general, the grade of metamorphism of a rock can be determined by the types of minerals that are present, as different minerals form at different temperatures and pressures. The presence of higher-grade minerals such as sillimanite, garnet, and kyanite generally indicates more intense metamorphism than the presence of lower-grade minerals such as chlorite, biotite, and staurolite.
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