If you travel at 200 km/h on a straight road and count 7 seconds of time, you would have traveled approximately 388.89 meters down the road during those 7 seconds.
If you travel at a speed of 200 km/h on a straight road and count 7 seconds of time, the distance you traveled during those 7 seconds can be calculated.
First, we need to convert the speed from kilometers per hour to meters per second since time is given in seconds.
Speed in meters per second = (200 km/h) * (1000 m/km) / (3600 s/h) = 55.56 m/s (rounded to two decimal places).
Now, we can calculate the distance traveled using the formula:
Distance = Speed * Time
Distance = 55.56 m/s * 7 s = 388.89 meters (rounded to two decimal places).
Therefore, if you travel at 200 km/h on a straight road and count 7 seconds of time, you would have traveled approximately 388.89 meters down the road during those 7 seconds.
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3. An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion process where the final volume is twice the initial volume. a) How are the final and initial temperatures related? Iso thermal AT= 0. b) How are the i
a) The final and initial temperatures are equal in an isothermal process.
b) The initial and final pressures of the gas are inversely proportional in an isothermal process.
Explanation to the above given short answers are written below,
a) The gas undergoes expansion or compression, but the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules and therefore the temperature remain constant throughout the process.
b) According to the ideal gas law,
PV = nRT,
where P is the pressure,
V is the volume,
n is the number of moles,
R is the gas constant, and
T is the temperature.
In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, so we have P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume.
If the final volume (V2) is twice the initial volume (V1), then we can rewrite the equation as
P1V1 = P2(2V1).
Simplifying further, we get
P1 = 2P2.
This shows that the initial pressure (P1) and the final pressure (P2) are inversely proportional in an isothermal process.
As the volume increases (V2 > V1), the pressure decreases (P2 < P1) to maintain a constant temperature.
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The given question is incomplete, so a complete question is written below,
An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion process where the final volume is twice the initial volume. Answer the following questions:
(a) How are the final and initial temperatures related in an isothermal expansion process?
(b) How are the initial and final pressures related in an isothermal expansion process?
The lenses of a particular set of binoculars have a coating with index of refractionn= 1.38, and the glass itself hasn= 1.52.
Part A:
If the lenses reflect a wavelength of 545 nm the most strongly, what is the minimum thickness of the coating?
If the lenses reflect a wavelength of 545 nm the most strongly, the minimum thickness of the coating the minimum thickness of the coating is 197.83 nm.
the correct option is A. 197.83 nm.
Given data:
The index of refraction of the coating,
n = 1.38
The index of refraction of glass, ng = 1.52
The wavelength of the reflected light,
λ = 545 nm
Part A: The condition for constructive interference is given as:
2nt = m, where n is the refractive index of the material through which the wave is traveling.t is the thickness of the filmm is the order of the interference (for reflection, m=1)λ is the wavelength of the light
When the thickness of the film is increased, the interference becomes more and more constructive. The thickness at which the first constructive interference occurs is given by the above formula. For a thin film between two media, the phase change upon reflection depends on the relative refractive index of the two media.
For a normal incidence of light on a film of thickness t and refractive index n, the path difference between the upper and lower surfaces is 2 nt.
In order to have constructive interference, the path difference must be a multiple of the wavelength, that is, 2nt = m for m = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,... Since the refractive index of the coating, n, is less than the refractive index of the glass, ng, the phase difference upon reflection from the coating-glass interface is 180° (radians), whereas it is 0° for reflection from the air-coating interface.
The minimum thickness of the film at which the light reflected from the coating-glass interface and the light reflected from the air-coating interface are in phase with each other can be found by substituting m = 1 and solving for t.
This thickness gives the minimum intensity of reflected light.
2nt = mλ
= 1 × 545 nm
= 545 nm
=> t = λ/2n
= 545/(2 × 1.38) nm
= 197.83 nm
Hence, the minimum thickness of the coating is 197.83 nm. Therefore, the correct option is A. 197.83 nm.
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What trajectories in the list below are possible for a point charge with some initial velocity in a uniform magnetic field? Check all that apply. O Parabolic Linear Sinusoidal Circular Elliptical Submit Request Answer
In a uniform magnetic field, the possible trajectories for a point charge with some initial velocity are circular and helical. A magnetic field applies a force on a moving charge in a direction perpendicular to the motion of the charge.
As the point charge is moving, the force applied by the magnetic field is perpendicular to both the velocity of the point charge and the direction of the magnetic field.
In the case of circular motion, the force experienced by the point charge is always perpendicular to the velocity and acts as a centripetal force that keeps the point charge moving in a circle. In the case of helical motion, the velocity of the charge and the magnetic field are not parallel, so the charge moves in a helix, which is a combination of circular and linear motion.
The charge moves in a circular path perpendicular to the magnetic field, while also moving in a linear direction parallel to the magnetic field. Thus, in a uniform magnetic field, a point charge with some initial velocity can have circular or helical trajectories.
Therefore, the possible trajectories in the list below that are possible for a point charge with some initial velocity in a uniform magnetic field are: Circular.
Elliptical (as it is a combination of circular and linear motion).
A uniform magnetic field can apply a force on a moving charge in a direction perpendicular to the motion of the charge. In a uniform magnetic field, the possible trajectories for a point charge with some initial velocity are circular and helical.
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It takes Ben 1s to lift a 2-kg box 2-m above the ground. Calculate the power used in lifting the box. O 3.9 J 1.96 J 39 J O 19.6 J
The power used in lifting the box is 19.6 J.
Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is calculated using the formula:
Power = Work / Time
In this case, the work done is equal to the gravitational potential energy gained by lifting the box:
Work = mgh
where m is the mass (2 kg), g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2), and h is the height (2 m).
Work = 2 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 2 m = 39.2 J
Since it takes Ben 1 second to lift the box, the time is 1 second.
Power = 39.2 J / 1 s = 39.2 J/s
Therefore, the power used in lifting the box is 39.2 J/s, which is equivalent to 19.6 J.
The power used by Ben in lifting the 2-kg box to a height of 2 m is 19.6 J.
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one object has a charge of 5.0 · 10-6 c, and a second object has a charge of 2.0 · 10-6 c. the objects are 0.5 meters apart. what is the electrostatic force between them?
The electrostatic force between the two objects is approximately 3.596 × 10^(-2) N. The electrostatic force between two charged objects can be calculated using Coulomb's law.
The electrostatic force between two charged objects can be calculated using Coulomb's law, which states that the force is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
The formula for the electrostatic force is:
F = k * (|q1| * |q2|) / r^2
where F is the electrostatic force, k is the electrostatic constant (k ≈ 8.99 × 10^9 N·m^2/C^2), q1 and q2 are the charges of the objects, and r is the distance between the objects.
Plugging in the values:
q1 = 5.0 × 10^(-6) C
q2 = 2.0 × 10^(-6) C
r = 0.5 m
F = (8.99 × 10^9 N·m^2/C^2) * ((5.0 × 10^(-6) C) * (2.0 × 10^(-6) C)) / (0.5 m)^2
Calculating the expression:
F = (8.99 × 10^9 N·m^2/C^2) * (1.0 × 10^(-11) C^2) / (0.5 m)^2
F = (8.99 × 10^9 N·m^2/C^2) * (1.0 × 10^(-11) C^2) / (0.25 m^2)
F = 3.596 × 10^(-2) N
Therefore, the electrostatic force between the two objects is approximately 3.596 × 10^(-2) N.
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waves on a swimming pool propagate at 0.443 m/s. you splash the water at one end of the pool and observe the wave go to the opposite end, reflect, and return in 34.7 s. how far away is the other end?
The given problem can be solved by applying the formula for wave velocity (V), which is given by, V = λf = λ / T, where V is the velocity of the wave, λ is the wavelength of the wave, f is the frequency of the wave, and T is the time period of the wave.
Given data:Velocity of the wave, V = 0.443 m/sTime taken for the wave to go to the opposite end, reflect, and return = 34.7 sWe need to find the distance between the two ends of the pool. Since the wave reflects from the other end, the wave travels twice the distance between the two ends of the pool.So, Distance travelled by the wave = 2d (where d is the distance between the two ends)The time taken by the wave to travel to the other end, reflect and return = 34.7 sSo, we have:2d = V × t= 0.443 × 34.7= 15.3881 mTherefore, the distance between the two ends of the pool is approximately equal to 15.4 m. Answer:15.4 m
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The 2-in.-diameter drive shaft AB on the helicopter is subjected to an axial tension of 10 000 lb and a torque of 300 lb. ft. Determine the principal stresses and the maximum in-plane shear stress that act at a point on the surface of the shaft AB. Full credit will be given for problems that list assumptions, show an appropriate free body diagram of the pipe, and show work to solve equilibrium equations.
The maximum in-plane shear stress acting at the surface of the drive shaft is 67.64 x 10⁴ lb/ft².
The ratio of the tangential force to the cross-sectional area of the surface it is acting on is known as the shear stress.
Diameter of the drive shaft, d = 2 in = 0.167 ft
The tension acting on the drive shaft, T = 10⁴ lb
The torque acting on the drive shaft, τ = 300 lb.ft
The expression for the stress acting on the drive shaft is given by,
σ = T/A
σ = 10⁴/(πd²/4)
σ = 4 x 10⁴/3.14 x (0.167)²
σ = 45.67 x 10⁴ lb/ft²
The expression for the shear stress is given by,
τ' = T/J
τ' = 10⁴x 1/(π/2 x 1)
τ' = 10⁴/1.57
τ' = 63.67 x 10⁴ lb/ft²
The expression for the principal shear stress is given by,
σ₍₁,₂₎ = σₓ + σy ± √{[(σₓ - σy)/2]² + (τ')²}
σ₍₁,₂₎ = 45.67 x 10⁴+ 0 ± √[(45.67 x 10⁴/2)² + (63.67 x 10⁴)²]
σ₍₁,₂₎ = 45.67 x 10⁴ ± 67.64 x 10⁴
So,
σ₁ = -21.97 x 10⁴ lb/ft²
σ₂ = 113.31 x 10⁴ lb/ft²
Therefore, the maximum in-plane shear stress acting at the surface of the drive shaft is given by,
τ(max) = √{[(σₓ - σy)/2]² + (τ')²}
τ(max) = √[(45.67 x 10⁴/2)² + (63.67 x 10⁴)²]
τ(max) = 67.64 x 10⁴ lb/ft²
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7. A 75 kg astronaut orbits the moon at a distance of 2.5 x 106 m from its center. (Mass of moon = 7.35 x 10²² kg) a. What is the force acting on the astronaut by the moon? b. How fast is the astron
a. The force acting on the astronaut by the moon is approximately 2.54 × 10^3 Newtons.
b. The speed of the astronaut orbiting the moon is approximately 1.54 × 10^3 meters per second.
a. To calculate the force acting on the astronaut by the moon, we can use Newton's law of universal gravitation:
F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2
where:
F is the force,
G is the gravitational constant (approximately 6.67430 × 10^-11 m^3 kg^-1 s^-2),
m1 is the mass of the astronaut (75 kg),
m2 is the mass of the moon (7.35 × 10^22 kg), and
r is the distance between the astronaut and the moon's center (2.5 × 10^6 m).
Let's plug in the values and calculate the force:
F = (6.67430 × 10^-11 m^3 kg^-1 s^-2) * (75 kg) * (7.35 × 10^22 kg) / (2.5 × 10^6 m)^2
F ≈ 2.54 × 10^3 N
Therefore, the force acting on the astronaut by the moon is approximately 2.54 × 10^3 Newtons.
b. To find the speed of the astronaut, we can use the centripetal force equation:
F = (m * v^2) / r
where:
F is the force (calculated in part a, approximately 2.54 × 10^3 N),
m is the mass of the astronaut (75 kg),
v is the speed of the astronaut (what we need to find), and
r is the distance between the astronaut and the moon's center (2.5 × 10^6 m).
Let's rearrange the equation to solve for v:
v^2 = (F * r) / m
v = √((2.54 × 10^3 N * 2.5 × 10^6 m) / 75 kg)
v ≈ 1.54 × 10^3 m/s
Therefore, the speed of the astronaut orbiting the moon is approximately 1.54 × 10^3 meters per second.
a. The force acting on the astronaut by the moon is approximately 2.54 × 10^3 Newtons.
b. The speed of the astronaut orbiting the moon is approximately 1.54 × 10^3 meters per second.
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repeatedly flying into the air and landing on the same spot reinforces to the woodcock (helps it learn) that this is the center of its territory.
The repeated flying into the air and landing on the same spot reinforces to the woodcock that this is the center of its territory.
The phrase "Woodcock sky dances" refers to the woodcock's breeding routine. It is a migratory bird that mates in the United States' Eastern and Central regions. Woodcock "sky dances" or courtship flights, which are a part of its breeding ritual, are familiar to ornithologists and bird lovers.The male woodcock prepares for the display by choosing a place and then creating a tiny opening in the trees or shrubs. It flies into the air at sunset or sunrise, calling out with a distinctive chirping sound. It then lands on the same spot, with each flight being more extensive than the last. The woodcock does this repeatedly, with each flight reaching a greater height than the previous one.
The woodcock's territory is at the center of its sky dancing. The repeated flying into the air and landing on the same spot reinforces to the woodcock that this is the center of its territory. During the breeding season, the woodcock's sky dancing activity is essential. It shows off the male's strength and agility to female woodcocks, which aids in their selection of mates.The woodcock's behavior is a result of natural selection. Through sky dancing, the woodcock's species has developed its breeding ritual over thousands of years. The ability to perform sky dances is an evolutionary benefit to the woodcock, as it aids in species reproduction and survival. Therefore, repeatedly flying into the air and landing on the same spot reinforces to the woodcock that this is the center of its territory.
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find the thevenin voltage using nodal anaylis (no other method will be accepted)
Solve the nodal equation to obtain the value of v1. This will be the The venin voltage across the load.6. Verify the result by finding the open-circuit voltage between the two reference nodes, which should be equal to the Thevenin voltage.
To find the Thevenin voltage using nodal analysis, follow the steps below:
Step 1: Take the two nodes in the circuit and assign them as the reference nodes. Assign voltages v1 and v2 to the remaining nodes. Label the voltage source with the appropriate node voltages.
Step 2: Write nodal equations for both nodes using Kirchhoff’s current law. The nodal equations should be written in terms of the two node voltages and current flowing into the node.
Step 3: Substitute the value of v2 in terms of v1 in the nodal equation of the second node. This will give you a single nodal equation with only one variable, v1.
Step 4: Solve the nodal equation to obtain the value of v1. This will be the Thevenin voltage across the load.
Step 5: To verify your result, remove the load resistance from the circuit, find the open-circuit voltage between the two reference nodes, which should be equal to the Thevenin voltage.1. Identify two reference nodes.2. Assign voltages v1 and v2 to the remaining nodes.3. Write nodal equations for both nodes using Kirchhoff’s current law. 4. Substitute the value of v2 in terms of v1 in the nodal equation of the second node.5. Solve the nodal equation to obtain the value of v1. This will be the The venin voltage across the load.6. Verify the result by finding the open-circuit voltage between the two reference nodes, which should be equal to the Thevenin voltage.
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how many protons zzz and how many neutrons nnn are there in a nucleus of the most common isotope of rubidium, 8537rb3785rb ?
Rubidium-85 has 37 protons and 48 neutrons in its nucleus.
The most common isotope of Rubidium is Rubidium-85 (85Rb). The notation for Rubidium-85 is:8537Rb85The number 85 represents the atomic mass number of Rubidium and the number 37 represents its atomic number. The atomic mass number represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Therefore, in Rubidium-85, there are 85 nucleons (protons and neutrons) in its nucleus. Since the atomic number of Rubidium is 37, it has 37 protons in its nucleus, which also means that it has 37 electrons orbiting its nucleus.
The difference between the atomic mass number and the atomic number gives us the number of neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. The atomic mass of Rubidium-85 is 84.9118 u.
Therefore, the number of neutrons in Rubidium-85 is:nnn = Atomic mass number - Atomic number = 85 - 37 = 48
Therefore, the most common isotope of Rubidium, 85Rb, has 37 protons and 48 neutrons in its nucleus.
Number of Protons (atomic number) = 37Number of Neutrons = Atomic mass number - Atomic number = 85 - 37 = 48
Therefore, Rubidium-85 has 37 protons and 48 neutrons in its nucleus.
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A pinball bounced around its machine before resting between two bumpers. Before the ball came to rest, its displacement was recorded as a series of vectors. All the angles are measured counterclockwise from the horizontal x-axis. V₁: 83.0 cm at 90.0 V₂:57.0 cm at 149¹ V₁: 61.0 cm at 223¹ Find the magnitude and direction of the ball's total displacement. magnitude: cm direction:
The magnitude of the ball's total displacement is approximately 94.7 cm. The direction of the displacement is approximately 195° counterclockwise from the horizontal x-axis.
To find the magnitude and direction of the ball's total displacement, we need to sum up the individual displacement vectors.
Given displacement vectors:
V₁: 83.0 cm at 90.0°
V₂: 57.0 cm at 149°
V₃: 61.0 cm at 223°
To find the total displacement, we can break down the vectors into their x and y components and then add them up.
For V₁:
V₁x = 83.0 cm * cos(90.0°) = 0 cm
V₁y = 83.0 cm * sin(90.0°) = 83.0 cm
For V₂:
V₂x = 57.0 cm * cos(149°)
V₂y = 57.0 cm * sin(149°)
For V₃:
V₃x = 61.0 cm * cos(223°)
V₃y = 61.0 cm * sin(223°)
Now we can calculate the sum of the x and y components:
Total displacement in the x-direction:
ΣVx = V₁x + V₂x + V₃x
Total displacement in the y-direction:
ΣVy = V₁y + V₂y + V₃y
To find the magnitude and direction of the total displacement, we can use the Pythagorean theorem and trigonometry:
Magnitude of displacement:
|ΣV| = sqrt((ΣVx)² + (ΣVy)²)
Direction of displacement:
θ = atan(ΣVy / ΣVx)
By substituting the given values and performing the calculations, we get:
V₁x = 0 cm
V₁y = 83.0 cm
V₂x ≈ -31.9 cm
V₂y ≈ 47.0 cm
V₃x ≈ -34.1 cm
V₃y ≈ -39.9 cm
ΣVx = V₁x + V₂x + V₃x
ΣVy = V₁y + V₂y + V₃y
|ΣV| = sqrt((ΣVx)² + (ΣVy)²)
θ ≈ atan(ΣVy / ΣVx)
By substituting the values and performing the calculations, we find:
ΣVx ≈ -65.9 cm
ΣVy ≈ 90.1 cm
|ΣV| ≈ 94.7 cm
θ ≈ 195°
Therefore, the magnitude of the ball's total displacement is approximately 94.7 cm, and the direction of the displacement is approximately 195° counterclockwise from the horizontal x-axis.
The ball's total displacement is approximately 94.7 cm in magnitude, and its direction is approximately 195° counterclockwise from the horizontal x-axis.
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The position function X (t) of a particle moving along an X axis is X = 4,0 - 6,0t^(2), with X in in meters and t in seconds. At what negative time and positive time does the particle pass through the origin?
The given position function of a particle moving along an X-axis is X = 4,0 - 6,0t^2with X in meters and t in seconds. To find the negative time and positive time at which the particle passes through the origin, we will set X = 0.
Given, position function of a particle X (t) = 4.0 - 6.0t^2.
For the particle to pass through the origin, X (t) must be 0.X (t) = 4.0 - 6.0t^2 = 0Solving for t, we get; t^2 = 4/3t = ± √(4/3)t = (2/√3) and t = -(2/√3).
Since time cannot be negative, negative time is not possible.
The particle passes through the origin at t = (2/√3) seconds or approximately 1.1547 seconds.
The negative time is not possible because time cannot be negative.
So, the particle passes through the origin at t = (2/√3) seconds or approximately 1.1547 seconds.
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etermine whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain clearly. Not all of these statements have definitive answers, so your explanation is more important than your chosen answer.
8. Bins. I saw two frequency tables of airline passenger weights, one using bins that spanned 10-pound ranges (e.g., 101 to 110 pounds) and the second with bins that spanned 20-pound ranges (e.g., 101 to 120 pounds). The first table had twice as many categories as the second.
The given statement is true. It is because the first frequency table that spanned the bins with 10-pound ranges had twice the categories compared to the second table that spanned the bins with 20-pound ranges.
A frequency table is a graphical representation of data arranged in intervals along with their respective frequency. It shows how frequent each interval or group of scores is in a given dataset. To construct a frequency table, the given data set is divided into equal intervals called classes or bins.
Frequency tables with bins:
The data can be divided into different bins or classes while making frequency tables. Here, the statement talks about two frequency tables, one with bins that spanned 10-pound ranges, and the other with bins that spanned 20-pound ranges.
This means that in the first table, the interval size is 10 pounds, whereas in the second table, the interval size is 20 pounds.
The number of categories in the first table is twice that of the second table. It means that the first table has more intervals as compared to the second table. It is because the range in the first table is less as compared to the second one, and hence more categories can be created using a smaller range.
So, the given statement makes sense, and it is clearly true.
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how deep is the shipwreck if echoes were detected 0.36 s after the sound waves were emitted?
If echoes were detected 0.36 s after the sound waves were emitted, the depth of the shipwreck is 65.52 meters. This can be calculated using the formula:distance = speed × timeWhere speed is the speed of sound in water, which is approximately 1481 meters per second.
The time is 0.36 seconds, as given in the problem.Therefore:
distance = speed × time
distance = 1481 × 0.36
distance = 532.56 meters
However, this distance is the total distance traveled by the sound wave, which includes both the distance from the ship to the bottom and the distance from the bottom to the surface. Since the sound wave travels twice this distance (down to the bottom and back up to the surface), we need to divide by 2 to find the depth of the shipwreck. So, the depth of the shipwreck is:
depth = distance / 2
depth = 532.56 / 2
depth = 265.28 meters
This means that the shipwreck is 265.28 meters deep.
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Air at 20 degrees celsius flows through the circular duct such that the absolute pressure is 100.8 kPa at A, and 101.6 kPa at B. Determine the volumetric discharge through the duct.
The volumetric discharge through the duct is calculated to be 0.000191 m³/s.
Formula used: Q = (π/4)d²(V1 - V2) where ,d = diameter of the circular ductV1 = volumetric flow rate at section 1V2 = volumetric flow rate at section 2Q = Volumetric discharge Solution: Given, Absolute pressure at A, P1 = 100.8 kPa Absolute pressure at B, P2 = 101.6 kPa Temperature of air, T = 20°CUsing the Ideal gas law,P1/ρ1T1 = P2/ρ2T2where, ρ1 and ρ2 are the densities of the air at section 1 and section 2 respectively.P1/ρ1T = P2/ρ2T
Putting the given values in above equation,100.8/ρ1(20 + 273) = 101.6/ρ2(20 + 273)ρ2/ρ1 = 0.975On comparing with the standard density,ρ/ρ₀ = (P/P₀) / (T/T₀)where, P₀ and T₀ are the standard pressure and standard temperature respectively. The standard pressure is 101.325 kPa and the standard temperature is 273 K.
Substituting the given values,ρ1/ρ₀ = (100.8/101.325) / (293/273) = 0.9285ρ2/ρ₀ = (101.6/101.325) / (293/273) = 0.9339ρ2 = 1.026 ρ1Now, using the Bernoulli's equation, P₁/ρ₁ + V₁²/2 = P₂/ρ₂ + V₂²/2
Assuming the air to be incompressible,ρ1 = ρ2Therefore, P₁ + V₁²/2 = P₂ + V₂²/2V₂²/2 - V₁²/2 = P₁ - P₂V₂² - V₁² = 2(P₁ - P₂)
Now, using the formula, Q = (π/4)d²(V1 - V2) where, d = diameter of the circular ductV1 = volumetric flow rate at section 1V2 = volumetric flow rate at section 2Q = Volumetric discharge
Putting the given values in the above formula,
Q = (π/4)d² [(V1 - V2)]Q = (π/4)d² [(V1² - V₂²)/(V1 + V2)]Q = (π/4)d² [(2(P₁ - P₂))/(V1 + V2)]Q = (π/4)(0.028³)² [(2(101.6 - 100.8))/(2V)]
where V = V1 = V2 (Assuming the air to be incompressible)
V = √[2(101.6 - 100.8)/0.028] = 37.42 m/sQ = (π/4)(0.028³)² [(2(101.6 - 100.8))/(2 x 37.42)] = 0.000191 m³/s
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the number of electrons on john represents a difference in charge. his leg is negative compared to the doorknob. why is this considered potential energy?
The fact that John's leg is negative compared to the doorknob indicates that there is a potential difference in charge between the two. This difference in charge is a form of potential energy, which can be released in the form of electrical energy if the charges are allowed to flow through a conductor.
Potential energy is the energy that an object has due to its position or configuration. In other words, it is energy that is stored and available for use. It is represented by the symbol PE and is measured in Joules (J).
Electrons are negatively charged particles that are present in atoms. They are part of the atom's outer shell and are involved in chemical reactions. They can move from one atom to another, creating a flow of electrical charge. Electrons are the basis for electricity and are essential for many of the processes that occur in the natural world.
Therefore, the number of electrons on John's leg represents a difference in charge. His leg is negative compared to the doorknob, which means that there is a potential difference in charge between the two. This difference in charge is a form of potential energy, which can be released in the form of electrical energy if the charges are allowed to flow through a conductor.
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in δmno, m = 150 inches, n = 550 inches and o=630 inches. find the measure of ∠o to the nearest 10th of a degree.
The measure of ∠O in the triangle δMNO is 59.5°.
Given the triangle δMNO where M=150 inches, N=550 inches, and O=630 inches. We need to find the measure of angle ∠O. We can use the Law of Cosines to solve the problem. According to the Law of Cosines,a² = b² + c² - 2bc cos(A) where: a, b, c are the sides of the triangle.
A is the angle opposite to the side a. Applying the Law of Cosines to the triangle δMNO gives us:
OM² = MN² + ON² - 2MN.ON.cos(∠O).
Substituting the given values into the above equation, we have 630² = 550² + 150² - 2(550)(150) cos(∠O).
Simplifying and solving for cos(∠O), we get: cos(∠O) = -0.7063cos(∠O) = -0.7063.
Therefore, ∠O = cos^-1(-0.7063) ≈ 59.5° (to the nearest 10th of a degree). Hence, the measure of ∠O in the triangle δMNO is 59.5°.
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Resonance A mass of one slug is hanging at rest on a spring whose constant is 12 lb/ft. At time = 0 an external force of f(t) =16 cos o t lb is applied to the system. (a)What is the frequency of the forcing function that is in resonance with the system? (b)Find the equation of motion of the mass with resonance.
a. The frequency of the forcing function that is in resonance with the system is 3.46 rad/s. b. The equation of motion of the mass with resonance is: m[d²x/dt²] + 12x = 16cos(3.46t)
(a) The frequency of the forcing function that is in resonance with the system is the same as the natural frequency of the system, which is:
ω = [tex]\sqrt{k}[/tex] / m
where m is the mass of the object (in slugs) and k is the spring constant (in pounds per foot).
ω = 3.46 rad/s
Therefore, the frequency of the forcing function that is in resonance with the system is 3.46 rad/s.
(b)The equation of motion of the mass is given by the differential equation:
m[d²x/dt²] + kx = f(t)
where x is the displacement of the mass, m is the mass of the object, k is the spring constant, and f(t) is the external force applied to the system.
We substitute the values given in the problem:
m[d²x/dt²] + 12x = 16cos(ωt)
To find the equation of motion of the mass with resonance, we assume that the forcing function is in resonance with the system.
This means that the frequency of the forcing function is the same as the natural frequency of the system.
ω = [tex]\sqrt{k}[/tex]/m = 3.46 rad/s
Substituting this value in the equation of motion, we get:
m[d²x/dt²] + 12x = 16cos(3.46t)
We can solve this differential equation to get the equation of motion of the mass with resonance.
However, since the question only asks for the equation of motion, we can stop here. The equation of motion of the mass with resonance is:
m[d²x/dt²] + 12x = 16cos(3.46t)
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suppose we want a satellite to revolve around the earth 4 times a day. what should the radius of its orbit be? (neglect the presence of the moon.)
The radius of the orbit of the satellite should be cuberoot (36) ≈ 3,557 km.
To calculate the radius of an orbit of a satellite revolving around the Earth, we can use Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion. Kepler's Third Law states that the square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis.
Here's how we can use it to solve the given problem: Given, the satellite has to revolve around the earth 4 times a day.
So, the time period (T) of the satellite can be calculated as follows: T = 24 hours/4 = 6 hours
Now, according to Kepler's Third Law, we can write: T² ∝ r³
Where T is the time period of the satellite and r is the radius of its orbit. As we want the satellite to complete 4 orbits in a day, its time period is 6 hours.
Therefore, substituting the values, we get:6² ∝ r³=> 36 ∝ r³=> r³ = 36
Therefore, the radius of the orbit of the satellite should be cuberoot (36) ≈ 3,557 km.
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Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop Problem Consider a circular loop of wire of radius R located in the yz plane and carrying a steady current I as in Figure 30.6. Calculate the magnetic field at an axial point P a distance x from the center of the loop. Strategy In this situation, note that any element as is perpendicular to f. Thus, for any element, ld5* xf| (ds)(1)sin 90° = ds. Furthermore, all length elements around the loop are at the same distancer from P, where r2 = x2 + R2. = Figure 30.6 The geometry for calculating the magnetic field at a point P lying on the axis of a current loop. By symmetry, the total field is along this axis,
The net magnetic field on the axis of the circular current loop is given by B=(μ0IR2/2)(x2+R2)-3/2 This is the required expression for the magnitude of the magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop at a point P which is at a distance x from the center of the loop.
Magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop at point P which is at a distance x from the center of the loop is calculated by the Biot-Savart law. The magnetic field is given by [tex]B=(μ0/4π)∫dl×r/r3[/tex] where r is the distance between the current element and the point P.
Magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the plane of the loop on the axis of the loop. Let us now find the expression for the magnitude of magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop.
The geometry for calculating the magnetic field at a point P lying on the axis of a current loop
Let us take the Cartesian coordinate system such that the center of the circular loop is at the origin O. Then the position vector of the current element is [tex]r’=Rcosθi+Rsinθj[/tex] and the position vector of the point P is [tex]r=xk[/tex].
Then the vector r’-r is given by r’-[tex]r=Rcosθi+Rsinθj-xk[/tex]
=(Rcosθi+Rsinθj-xk)
Now the magnitude of this vector is [tex]|r’-r|=√[(Rcosθ-x)2+(Rsinθ)2][/tex]
Then, the magnetic field dB due to this current element is given by [tex]dB=μ0/4π dl/r2[/tex]
where dl=I(r’dθ) is the current element. Now the vector dB can be expressed in terms of its x, y and z components as follows:
[tex]dB=μ0/4π dl/r2[/tex]
=μ0/4π I(r’dθ)/r2 (Rcosθi+Rsinθj-xk)/[R2+ x2 -2xRcosθ+R2sin2θ]
Taking the x-component of dB we get
dB Bx=μ0I[Rcosθ(R2+x2)-xR2cos2θ-R2x]/[4π(R2+ x2 -2xRcosθ+R2sin2θ)3/2]
Integrating the x-component of dB from θ=0 to θ=2π
we get
[tex]Bx=∫dBBx[/tex]
=∫μ0I[Rcosθ(R2+x2)-xR2cos2θ-R2x]/[4π(R2+ x2
-2xRcosθ+R2sin2θ)3/2]dθ=0
Therefore, the net magnetic field on the axis of the circular current loop is given by [tex]B=(μ0IR2/2)(x2+R2)-3/2[/tex]
This is the required expression for the magnitude of the magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop at a point P which is at a distance x from the center of the loop.
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"A charged particle of charge q moves perpendicular to a uniform
magnetic field whose magnetic flux density has magnitude b Find the
magnitude of q if b is 0.4T The speed of the particle is 8m/s and
the magnitude of the force on it is 96mN (milli newton)
The magnitude of the charge (q) of the particle is approximately 0.3 Coulombs.
To find the magnitude of the charge (q) of a charged particle moving perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field, we can use the formula for the magnetic force on a charged particle:
F = qvB,
where F is the force, q is the charge of the particle, v is the speed of the particle, and B is the magnetic flux density.
Magnetic flux density (B): 0.4 T
Speed of the particle (v): 8 m/s
Magnitude of the force (F): 96 mN (converted to N)
We can rearrange the formula to solve for q:
q = F / (vB).
Substituting the given values:
q = (96 x 10^-3 N) / ((8 m/s)(0.4 T)).
Simplifying the expression, we find:
q ≈ 0.3 C.
Therefore, the magnitude of the charge (q) of the particle is approximately 0.3 Coulombs.
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do all of the planets orbit in the same direction when viewed from bove the earth's north pole
No, not all planets orbit in the same direction when viewed from above the earth's north pole.
The eight planets in the solar system orbit the sun in the same plane. All the planets orbit in the same direction as the sun, which is counterclockwise when viewed from above the solar system. This is also known as the prograde rotation or the direct orbit.However, there are a few exceptions to this rule. Two planets, Venus and Uranus, have a different rotational axis than the rest of the planets.
This means that they appear to be rotating clockwise or retrograde, when viewed from above their respective poles.Venus rotates slowly and in the opposite direction of its orbit, causing the sun to rise in the west and set in the east. Uranus, on the other hand, has an extreme axial tilt, causing it to appear to be rotating on its side, with its poles almost parallel to the plane of the solar system.In summary, not all planets orbit in the same direction when viewed from above the earth's north pole. While the majority of planets in the solar system have a prograde rotation or direct orbit, Venus and Uranus are exceptions to this rule and have a retrograde rotation.
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Microwave ovens rotate at a rate of about 5.2 rev/min.
What is this in revolutions per second?
What is the angular velocity of this microwave in radians per second?
A truck with 0.420 m radius tires travels at 38 m/s.
What is the angular velocity of the rotating tires in radians per second?
What is the angular velocity of the rotating tires in rev/min?
Angular velocity of truck in rad/min = 90.47 × 60/2π= 861.72 rev/min (Approximately)
Therefore, The answers are, Rev/s of microwave ovens = 0.08667 (Approximately), Angular velocity of microwave oven in rad/s = 0.546 (Approximately), Angular velocity of truck in rad/s = 90.47 (Approximately), Angular velocity of truck in rev/min = 861.72 (Approximately)
Given: Rev/min of microwave ovens = 5.2 rev/min
Rad = 180/π deg
Rad/s = 180/π deg/s1.
To find the Revolutions per second (rev/s) of the microwave oven,
We have given that,
Rev/min of microwave ovens =5.2rev/min
Therefore, Rev/s of microwave ovens = 5.2/60 = 0.08667 rev/s (Approximately)
2. To find the angular velocity (ω) in radians per second (rad/s) of the microwave oven,
We know that, 1 revolution = 2π rad
Therefore,Angular velocity of microwave oven in
rad/s = 5.2 × 2π/60
= 0.546 rad/s (Approximately)
3. To find the angular velocity (ω) in radians per second (rad/s) of the truck,
Given,R = 0.420 m
V = 38 m/s.
Speed of rotation of the tires[tex](v) = Rω[/tex]
ω = v/R
= 38/0.420
= 90.47 rad/s (Approximately)
4. To find the angular velocity (ω) in Revolutions per minute (rev/min) of the truck, We know that, 1 revolution = 2π rad
Therefore, Angular velocity of truck in rad/min = 90.47 × 60/2π = 861.72 rev/min
Therefore, The answers are,Rev/s of microwave ovens = 0.08667 Angular velocity of microwave oven in rad/s = 0.546, Angular velocity of truck in rad/s = 90.47 , Angular velocity of truck in rev/min = 861.72
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In a vacuum (empty space), the speed of ultraviolet light is faster than the speed of a radio wave.
True/False
Statement : In a vacuum (empty space), the speed of ultraviolet light is faster than the speed of a radio wave, is False.
In a vacuum (empty space), all electromagnetic waves, including ultraviolet light and radio waves, travel at the same speed, which is the speed of light in vacuum, denoted by 'c'. According to the theory of relativity, the speed of light in vacuum is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second (or about 186,282 miles per second).
Therefore, the statement that "the speed of ultraviolet light is faster than the speed of a radio wave in a vacuum" is false. Both ultraviolet light and radio waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum.
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When testing gas pumps for accuracy, fuel-quality enforcement specialists tested pumps and found that 1341 of them were not pumping accurately (within 3.3 oz when 5 gal is pumped), and 5650 pumps were accurate. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim of an industry representative that less than 20% of the pumps are inaccurate. Use the P-value method and use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. 1.Identify the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. 2. Test statists z= 3. p-value= 4.Because the P-value is less than less than greater than the significance level, fail to reject fail to reject reject the null hypothesis. There is insufficient sufficient insufficient evidence support the claim that less than 20% of the pumps are inaccurate
When testing gas pumps for accuracy, fuel-quality enforcement specialists tested pumps and found that 1341 of them were not pumping accurately (within 3.3 oz when 5 gal is pumped), and 5650 pumps were accurate. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim of an industry representative that less than 20% of the pumps are inaccurate. Use the P-value method and use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution.The null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis:The null hypothesis is that less than 20% of the pumps are inaccurate, and the alternative hypothesis is that more than or equal to 20% of the pumps are inaccurate.The test statistics z and p-value:The sample proportion of pumps that are inaccurate can be calculated by dividing the number of pumps that are inaccurate by the total number of pumps, which is: p = 1341 / (1341 + 5650) = 0.1913The sample size n is 6991. Since the sample size is large, we can use the normal distribution to approximate the binomial distribution of the sample proportion. The test statistic z is calculated as: z = (p - P0) / sqrt(P0(1 - P0) / n) = (0.1913 - 0.2) / sqrt(0.2(1 - 0.2) / 6991) = -3.54The p-value can be calculated as the area to the right of the test statistic z under the standard normal distribution. The p-value is less than 0.0001, which means that the probability of observing a sample proportion as extreme as 0.1913 or more extreme, assuming that the null hypothesis is true, is less than 0.0001.Because the p-value is less than the significance level of 0.01, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that more than or equal to 20% of the pumps are inaccurate. Therefore, the industry representative's claim that less than 20% of the pumps are inaccurate is not supported by the data. Answer: 1. Null hypothesis: The null hypothesis is that less than 20% of the pumps are inaccurate Alternative hypothesis: The alternative hypothesis is that more than or equal to 20% of the pumps are inaccurate 2. Test statistics z= -3.54 P-value= <0.0001 3. Because the p-value is less than the significance level of 0.01, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that more than or equal to 20% of the pumps are inaccurate. Therefore, the industry representative's claim that less than 20% of the pumps are inaccurate is not supported by the data.
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1. Null hypothesis: H0: p ≥ 0.20; Alternative hypothesis: Ha: p < 0.20
2. Test statistic: z = -12.41 (approx)
3. P-value: P(z < -12.41) < 0.0001 (approx)
4. Because the P-value is less than the significance level, reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that less than 20% of the pumps are inaccurate.
1. Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesisH0: p ≥ 0.20 (The proportion of pumps that are not pumping accurately is greater than or equal to 20%)Ha: p < 0.20 (The proportion of pumps that are not pumping accurately is less than 20%)where p is the true proportion of pumps that are not pumping accurately.
2. Test statistic: z = (1341 - 0.20 × 6991) / sqrt (0.20 × 0.80 × 6991) = -12.41 (approx)Note: 6991 pumps were tested (1341 + 5650). The null proportion is 0.20. The expected frequency of inaccurate pumps is 0.20 × 6991. The expected frequency of accurate pumps is 0.80 × 6991.
3. P-value: P-value = P (z < -12.41) < 0.0001 (approx) Note: We use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The continuity correction was not used.
4. Because the P-value is less than the significance level, reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that less than 20% of the pumps are inaccurate. The industry representative's claim is not valid. The fuel-quality enforcement specialists' findings suggest that the proportion of inaccurate pumps is significantly less than 20%.
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A thin film of alcohol (n = 1.36) lies on a flat glass plate (n =1.51). When monochromatic light, whose wavelength can be changed,is incident normally, the reflected light is a minimum for λ =517 nm and a maximum for λ = 650 nm. What is the minimumthickness of the film?
If A thin film of alcohol (n = 1.36) lies on a flat glass plate (n =1.51). When monochromatic light, whose wavelength can be changed,is incident normally, the reflected light is a minimum for λ =517 nm and a maximum for λ = 650 nm then The thickness of the film is 142 nm.
A thin film of alcohol lies on a flat glass plate. When monochromatic light is incident normally, the reflected light is a minimum for λ = 517 nm and a maximum for λ = 650 nm.As we know, for a thin film (whose thickness is less than the wavelength of the incident light) the intensity of the light reflected from the film surface depends on the thickness of the film and the refractive indices of the two media separated by the film.
The reflected light from the film surface is obtained due to the interference between the reflected light from the upper surface and the reflected light from the lower surface of the thin film.The intensity of the reflected light is maximum when the thickness of the film is (2n+1)λ/2 where n is an integer and λ is the wavelength of the incident light.For maximum reflected light, the thickness of the film = (2n+1)λ/2Let us put n = 0, λ = 650 nm.Thus, the thickness of the film for maximum reflected light at λ = 650 nm is: t1 = λ/4μ1= 650 x 10^–9/4 x 1.36 = 119.5 nmFor minimum reflected light, the thickness of the film is nλ/2 where n is an integer and λ is the wavelength of the incident light.For minimum reflected light, the thickness of the film is t2 = nλ/2Putting λ = 517 nm, n = 1, μ1= 1.36, and μ2= 1.51, we get:t2 = λ/4μ2– μ1= 517 x 10^–9/4 (1.51 – 1.36) = 142 nmTherefore, the minimum thickness of the film is 142 nm.
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A 310-g air track cart is traveling at 1.25 m/s and a 260-g cart traveling in the opposite direction at 1.33 m/s. What is the speed of the center of mass of the two carts? a) 1.47 m/s b) 0.131 m/s c) 2.80 m/s d) 1.29 m/s e) 0.0732 m/s
The speed of the center of mass of the two carts is approximately 0.131 m/s. Therefore, the correct option is (b) 0.131 m/s.
Let's calculate the velocity of the center of mass of the system. Let's use the conservation of momentum which states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant: total momentum before = total momentum after (in absence of external forces)Let's denote the velocity of the center of mass as Vcm. The momentum of each cart is:
p1 = m1 * v1p2 = m2 * v2
The total momentum before the collision is:p1 + p2
Let's add the momentum of the carts: p1 + p2 = m1 * v1 + m2 * v2
Let's isolate the velocity of the center of mass and divide both sides by the total mass of the system:m1 * v1 + m2 * v2 = M * Vcm Vcm = (m1 * v1 + m2 * v2) / (m1 + m2) where: M = m1 + m2is the total mass of the system
Substituting the values:m1 = 0.31 kgv1 = 1.25 m/sm2 = 0.26 kgv2 = -1.33 m/sVcm = (0.31 kg * 1.25 m/s + 0.26 kg * (-1.33 m/s)) / (0.31 kg + 0.26 kg) ≈ 0.131 m/s
Therefore, the correct option is (b) 0.131 m/s.
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n electron in the n=7 level of the hydrogen atom relaxes to a lower energy level, emitting light of 93.1 nm .
The difference in energy between the two levels is equal to the energy of the emitted light, which is given by the equation ΔE = hf, where h is Planck's constant and f is the frequency of the light. In this case, the light emitted by the electron in the n=7 level has a wavelength of 93.1 nm.
When an electron in the n=7 level of the hydrogen atom relaxes to a lower energy level, it emits light of 93.1 nm. The hydrogen atom consists of one proton and one electron. The energy of the electron in an atom is described by its energy level. Electrons in an atom can only occupy specific energy levels.The energy levels are arranged in a series of increasing energy that is given by the formula E = -13.6/n² electron volts (eV), where n is the principal quantum number. When an electron transitions from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, it releases energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This energy is directly proportional to the frequency and inversely proportional to the wavelength of the emitted radiation. The difference in energy between the two levels is equal to the energy of the emitted light, which is given by the equation ΔE = hf, where h is Planck's constant and f is the frequency of the light. In this case, the light emitted by the electron in the n=7 level has a wavelength of 93.1 nm.
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light of wavelength 646 nm falls on a double slit, and the first bright fringe of the interference pattern is seen at an angle of 13.0° with the horizontal. find the separation between the slits
The separation between the slits is 2449 nm for light of wavelength 646 nm falls on a double slit, and the first bright fringe of the interference pattern is seen at an angle of 13.0° with the horizontal
Given that a light of wavelength 646 nm falls on a double slit, and the first bright fringe of the interference pattern is seen at an angle of 13.0° with the horizontal. We need to calculate the separation between the slits. Let d be the separation between the slits, D be the distance between the screen and the double slits and θ be the angle at which the first bright fringe is observed.
Using the formula for the fringe width:$$w = \frac{\lambda}{d}$$where λ is the wavelength of the light used. The distance between the central maximum and the first bright fringe can be calculated by the formula:$$d\,\sin\theta = w$$Substituting the values in the above formulas, we get$$w = \frac{646 \ nm}{1 \ slit \ (1)} = 646 \ nm$$$$d\,\sin 13^\circ = 646 \ nm$$$$d = \frac{646 \ nm}{\sin 13^\circ}$$$$\boxed{d = 2449 \ nm}$$Therefore, the separation between the slits is 2449 nm.
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