if you use distance analysis of morphological traits to build a phylogenetic tree that includes humans (a placental mammal), placental wolves, and marsupial wolves, which two groups would you conclude are most closely related? would the tree be correct?

When a solution, in this case water, is cold, the solute (salt) doesn’t mix thoroughly. By increasing the temperature of the solution, the solute can be dissolved. So Gabriel needs to heat the water to make the salt mixture dissolve properly.

Why should one gargle with salt water to help soothe a sore throat?

Sore throats are often caused due to viral infections, like cold or the flu. Sore throats caused by viruses often resolve on their own, whereas sore throats caused by bacteria require addition treatments like antibiotics and home remedies like gargling with salt water.

Gargling with warm salt water is often recommended for sore throats as it soothes the inflamed membranes of the throat, preventing further thickening. Also because salt aids in destroying bacteria, the salt water remedy is a great natural method for temporary resolvement.

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Blood pressure, breathing, heart rate, and sweating all drop as digestion increases.

The hormone acetylcholine is released by the parasympathetic nervous (PNS) to slow the heart rate. Your heart rate may briefly increase due to stress, coffee, and excitement, but it may momentarily decrease due to meditation or deep, steady breathing. Patients with hypertension exhibit decreased parasympathetic activity in contrast to sympathetic stimulation activity, indicating an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems [39,40,41]. In diabetic individuals with impaired parasympathetic regulation, blood pressure, hypertension is more common. Construction of pupils is the result of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. reduced blood pressure and heart rate. The sympathetic branch is stimulated, which facilitates function and raises heart rate.

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Having darker dorsal pigmentation and lighter ventral pigmentation is called countershading.

Many animals have countershading, which is characterised by a darker dorsal surface and a brighter ventral surface. Many people believe that the dorsoventral pigment polarity is an adaptive colouring for camouflage. In contrast, genetic colour polymorphism in terrestrial animals results in the frequent occurrence of noncountershaded (melanistic) morphs within a species.

Although it may also improve thermoregulation or provide UV protection, this dorsoventral pigment polarity is ecologically explained as an adaptation for camouflage through the concealment of self-shadow and/or background matching.

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The special function of myoglobin in muscle tissue is e. acts as a reservoir for oxygen.

In the field of biology, myoglobin can be described as a protein whose primary function is to store and then supply oxygen to the muscle cells when in need.

As we know, the muscle cells of the body require more oxygen when going through vigorous exercise activities. Hence, to meet the requirements of oxygen for muscle cells, myoglobin acts as a reservoir for oxygen and supplies it to the muscle cells of the body when in need.

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Answer:

Intercostal Muscles Overview

In humans, the muscles are solely for the purpose of expanding and contracting the rib cage. Other animals may have slightly different uses for the intercostal muscles, as discussed in the examples below. While the muscles serve generally the same purpose, they have been adapted in various ways in different organisms. These muscles are considered skeletal muscles.

There are 3 types of intercostal muscle. The innermost intercostal lies inside the ribs. The internal intercostal muscle sits between two ribs. The external intercostal muscles sit on the outside of the ribs. Between each of the 12 ribs, each of these three intercostal muscles is present. The first and last ribs only have intercostal muscles on one side.

The intercostal muscles relax while the lungs are expanding, allowing them to fill up with air. When an organism breathes out, the intercostal muscles contract to put pressure on the lungs and help drive the air out. This cycle continues constantly as an organism breathes.

The innermost intercostal muscles relax, while the external intercostal muscles contract, causing the chest cavity to expand. This expansion allows the lungs to fill with air, due to the negative pressure created by the extra space. Air fills the lungs, gases are exchanged, and it is time to exhale.

Explanation:

Chest Cavity Contraction

To force the air out, the chest cavity must become smaller, to put pressure on the air. To do this, the opposite process of inhalation happens. The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, applying force to the bottom and sides of the lungs. The innermost intercostal muscles now contract, while the external intercostal muscles relax. This causes the chest cavity to contract as a whole, forcing the air out of your lungs. The internal intercostal muscles, or middle layer of muscle, helps keep the ribs from separating and holds the shape of the chest cavity.

Examples of Intercostal Muscles

Intercostal Muscles in Snakes

In different animals, intercostal muscles can perform different tasks. Snakes use their intercostal muscles in a different way than humans, based on their anatomy. Snakes typically only have one functioning lung, which fills along part of their body. Essentially, a snake has reduced its functional skeleton to a spine and rib cage. As in humans, the intercostal muscles in a snake play a role in bringing air into the lungs. By a similar process, the innermost and external intercostal muscles alternate their contracting and relaxing to expand and contract the lung.

Snakes, having no limbs, must also use their intercostal muscles when making a variety of other movements. While they have layers of muscles on top of their ribs that control their motion, the intercostal muscles have a much larger role to play in maintaining the shape and size of the body cavity.

For instance, when a constricting a prey item, a large snake creates an enormous amount of pressure with their muscles. This pressure is exerted not only on the prey item but also on the snake’s own body. To keep itself from damaging its internal organs, the snake must contract its intercostal muscles and create a strong cage around its lung, heart, and other sensitive organs.

Human gamete is haploid i.e. it contains 23 chromosomes or single set of chromosomes

A cell of an organism is said to be haploid if it only has one pair of chromosomes. All creatures that reproduce sexually are diploid (having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent). Only the egg and sperm cells are haploid in humans .A haploid cell only contains one pair of chromosomes. Human cells are typically diploid (two copies of each chromosome) as opposed to haploid (one copy of each chromosome). Meiosis, a specific type of cell division where the genetic material of the parent cell is broken up twice, is how the egg and sperm cells are created in humans. As a result, these haploid cells have just one pair of chromosomes. The genetic material is united in the zygote cell that results from sperm fertilizing an egg. In other words, two distinct haploid cells with one set of chromosomes each combine to form a single diploid cell with two sets of chromosomes. In the end, the zygote cell develops into a new individual.

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Answer:

Oxygen

Explanation:

It carries Oxygen in your red blood cells to other things in your body such as your organs and tissue, then it goes back to your lungs. If that makes sense to you. Hope this helps. :)))

Harrison is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home, thereby he likely scores low on which of the emotional stability personality dimension.

The expression personality dimensions makes reference to major human features that shape the personality and behavior of an individual in society.

These dimensions include:

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the personality dimensions are five and they are able to shape the major personality traits in the individuals that live in a particular society.

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Using the structures of interference microscope, we got that phase comparison can  be used to view specimen that is unstained.

Although all optical microscopes in strict sense create images by diffraction, interference microscopy creates images using difference between an interfering beam unmodified by  specimen and an otherwise identical beam that illuminates it. A beam splitter divide light into two paths, one of which passes through  specimen while the other bypasses it. When the two beams are combined,  resulting interference between them reveals the structure of  specimen. The first successful system, was actually invented by British microscopist Francis Smith and French physicist Maurice Françon in year 1947, used quartz lenses to produce reference and images-forming beams that were perpendicularly polarized.

The other advantages of using phase comparison in an interference microscope are:

Hence, the reason of using phase comparison in an interference microscope is that with the help of this we can view specimen that is unstained.

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The acquisition of traits by their transmission from parent to offspring is called hereditary.

Acquired tendencies, or acquires traits aren't transmitted via duplicate to offspring.

The changes that make up obtained tendencies can tackle a lot of paperwork and degrees of visibility, however all of them have a comparable trait. After birth, they modify a dwelling organism's shape or feature in a few way. The tendencies which can be transmitted from dad and mom to offsprings is known as heredity or inheritance.

Heredity, usually called inheritance or organic inheritance, is the technique with the aid of using which features are exceeded down from one era to the next. Whether via asexual duplicate or sexual duplicate, the offspring cells or organisms collect the genetic makeup in their dad and mom. Genetics is the examine of heredity in biology.

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Cystography does not require the bloodstream to be injected with a dye like x-ray does (answer:option a.cystography).

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are infectious diseases characterized by the presence of feasible bacterial as well as fungal microbes in the bloodstream that cause or have caused an inflammatory reaction characterized by alteration of diagnostic, laboratory. This presence is later demonstrated either by positivity of one or even more blood cultures.

Veins. These are the blood arteries that return blood to the heart from the body. Capillaries. These are microscopic blood channels that carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body between arteries and veins.

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According to the provided statement, a dye is not injected into the patient's circulation during a cystography x-ray.

How does the body fight bloodstream infection?

body. Blood transfers waste products from living cells and supplies them with nutrients and oxygen. Additionally, it transports immune cells that fight infections and has platelets that can block a blood vessel that has been injured in order to stop blood loss. The circulatory system allows blood to adjust to the body's requirements.

Does alcohol get into your bloodstream?

Because the body can only metabolize roughly 0.25 ounces of alcohol per hour, one serving of alcohol is completely absorbed into the blood stream within 30 to two hours of consumption. each person reacts to alcohol differently.

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Answer:Three challenges of life would be finding food and shelter and surviving .

Explanation:

H. pylori is resistant to bismuth's antimicrobial properties.

In addition to ulcers, H pylori bacteria can also cause persistent stomach inflammation (gastritis) or damage to the upper part of the small intestine (duodenitis). A uncommon form of stomach lymphoma or stomach cancer can also occasionally develop as a result of H pylori.

Only 20% of persons with the infection exhibit symptoms. A dull or scorching stomach ache, unintentional weight loss, and bloody vomiting are all symptoms. Antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor regimens are frequently used to treat ulcers brought on by H. pylori.

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The statement that correctly contrasts anabolic and catabolic pathways is: (3) Anabolic pathways are biosynthetic, whereas catabolic pathways are degradative.

Anabolic pathways are biosynthetic that means they are involved in the formation of molecules. The process combines smaller molecules to form large macromolecules. This process usually requires the input of energy. It is a part of metabolic reactions. The example is synthesis of glycogen from glucose.

Catabolic pathways are also a set of metabolic reactions. It is a degradative pathway because it breaks the large macromolecules into smaller units. The pathway usually releases energy. The examples are glycolysis, beta oxidation, etc.

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The large number of antibodies that can be produced in a single individual is a result of a single B cell: (3) making a unique antibody from all other B cells by genomic rearrangement.

Antibodies are the proteinaceous structures that form an essential part of the immune system. Each antibody is  Y shaped structure that consists if 2 small light chains and 2 heavy chains. They are joined together by disulfide bonds. They are produced by the B cells.  

B cells are also called the b lymphocytes that are a type of white blood cells. They provide humoral adaptive immunity to the body. The B cells are developed as well as matured inside the bone marrow.

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The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by using secreting insulin, the simplest hormone that is able to lower blood glucose awareness.

Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.

Even as the beta cell produces insulin, the most effective blood glucose-reducing hormone of the body, the alpha cell releases glucagon, which elevates blood glucose. under physiological situations, these mobile kinds have an effect on each other in a paracrine manner.

There are 3 basic styles of hormones: lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide. Lipid-derived hormones are structurally much like ldl cholesterol and include steroid hormones which include estradiol and testosterone.

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The primary function of this vertebrate urinary system is the maintenance and retention of water. Thus the correct answer is option (C) Urinary system.

The vertebrate kidney is a component of numerous interconnected systems that preserve homeostasis. The primary organ that controls the volume and makeup of the internal fluid environment is the kidney, which plays a significant part in this regulatory council for the vertebrate urinary system. The elimination of metabolic wastes is incidental to the vertebrate kidney's regulating role, despite the fact that we frequently refer to it as an excretory organ. While the structure of the kidneys varies slightly among the many groups of vertebrates, the nephron serves as the primary functional unit in all of them, and urine is produced by three distinct physiological processes: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

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Answer:

50%

Explanation:

Blood type a and b are codominant, so lets express as 'A and B'

Blood type o is recessive, so is expressed as little 'o'

A man has blood type aa which needs to be written as dominant (in caps) = AA

A woman has blood type bo. The b needs to be dominant and the o stays as little 'o' = Bo

As you can see in the punnet square I have drawn the alleles of the man (AA) at the top and the alleles of the woman (Bo) on the left side to find the alleles of the offspring.

We have the alleles:

AB, AB, Ao, Ao

AB = blood type AB because A and B are codominant which are expressed equally

Ao = blood type A as only A is dominant here which takes express over the recessive 'o'

We have 2 'Ao' out of 4

2/4 = 0.5

0.5 × 100 = 50%

The population of America is growing very fast. Increasing immigration and high fertility were both contributing to America's population growth. The birth rate, death rate, and migration are the three variables that affect population change.

Cities arose as a result of the enormous workforces needed by industrial companies and the necessity for housing for both the employees' families and themselves. Millions of immigrants came to the United States in search of employment and a better life in factories and cities.

Death rates have dropped as a result of technology, medicine, and diet. Rapid population growth is the term used to describe the aggressive population growth brought on by higher birth rates and lower mortality rates. The availability of food, water, energy, and trustworthy medical care, as well as industrialisation, are other causes.

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Answer:

I think the answer (does not).

Explanation:

I hope this helps.

Here´s more to the answer:

Passive transport is a naturally occurring phenomenon and does not require the cell to expend energy to accomplish the movement.

Answer:40 weeks

Explanation:

Within 24 hours of fertilization, the zygote (two combined gametes) begins to divide into many cells. Within 8 weeks of pregnancy, the embryo is now a fetus, and the total development time from a zygote to a fully formed fetus is 40 weeks, typically.

The binding of a virus or bacteriophage to attach to the host cells determines the host range.

Phages interact and attack a particular type of bacteria; they do not attack other types of bacteria or the cell lines of other organisms. The interactions between phages and their host cells have garnered a lot of attention because of how specifically they occur. The binding thus determines the host range tp attch to the host cell.

Bacteriophage is a virus that can infect bacterial cell. It enters the host cell through the lytic cycle. the virus in the bacterial cell can even kill the host cell or replicate even without killing it. The bacteriophage attaches to the bacterium using its long tail fibers, and after doing so, the virus inserts its genetic material into the host cell to start the reproduction process.

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Both NADPH and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P or GA3P) molecules use chemical bonds to store energy.

The process of photosynthesis is utilized by plants and other living things to change light energy into chemical energy that may then be released through cellular respiration to power the organism's activities.

The initial stage of photosynthesis results in the production of NADPH. The processes that take place during the second stage of photosynthesis are aided by it. For the many phases of the photosynthetic process to be completed, plant cells need light energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

Sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water are the three substrates needed for photosynthesis, which is a multi-step process. It generates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P or GA3P), a simple carbohydrate with a high energy content that may be transformed into glucose, sucrose, or other sugar molecules, as well as oxygen.

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During mitosis, the number of replicated chromosomes contained in the parent cell before two daughter cells are formed is still 12 chromosomes.

The number of chromosomes does not change during mitosis. The phase in which the cell prepares for division is called interphase. If a cell has 12 chromosomes during interphase, the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell remains 12 even after mitosis ends.

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Answer:

1. AUG- Methionine

2.CUG-Serine

3.ACC-Threonine

4. UAG-Amber

Explanation:

Hope this helps!^^

Three processes that occur in nature that allow an E.coli cell to have new DNA sequences not found in its parent cell are : Transduction, transformation and conjugation

Transduction, transformation and conjugation are the recombination strategies used by E.coli to expand their genetic variety.

Process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus is called transduction. It also refers to the process where foreign DNA is introduced into another cell through a viral vector.

In transformation, bacterium takes up a piece of DNA floating in its environment and in conjugation, DNA is transferred between bacteria via a tube between cells.

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Photosynthesis is one of the most process in the plants and there are large number of factors like sunlight, oxygen, CO2, water etc. that affect the rate of photosynthesis.

1. the plant's exposure to temperature, carbon dioxide levels, and light levels. Because photons of light energy are required to excite the electrons in the thylakoid membrane, these parameters will have an impact on the photosynthesis process. In the absence of sufficient CO2, Rubisco will adhere O2 to RuBP rather than CO2.

3. The amount of water in the plant is a variable that might have an impact on the net rate of photosynthesis. The stomata are closed in plants with high water content, whereas they are open in plants with low water content. The stomata enable carbon dioxide to enter plant cells, ultimately performing photosynthesis.

4. Yes, while using a different kind of plant during the performance, the technique could modify the final result. The rate of photosynthesis may have sped up or slowed down if the leaves didn't drop to the bottom after being placed inside the container. I think this because, in contrast to the leaves that had sunk, the leaves that were suspended in the middle of the container had an advantage when ascending to the top.

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An outcome is the conclusion of an experiment. (Select d)

A straightforward observation would be to watch an apple fall from a tree. Another finding was that fish only frequent a particular section of the stream inside the morning. The scent of rotting rubbish is another example of observation.

Our ability to see things, events, attitudes, and occurrences helps us learn about them via one or possibly several senses. Because it serves as the foundation for efficient communication, the ability to see and understand an outside world is essential.

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