IKEA is attempting to increase the customer value associated with purchases of its products, they are already offering the free shipping .c. Any of the above, depending on the needs of the target market.
To increase customer value associated with purchases, IKEA can adopt various strategies depending on the needs and preferences of their target market. Reducing price can attract price-sensitive customers and provide them with better affordability. Increasing warranty coverage can enhance customer confidence in the product's quality and provide assurance against defects or issues. Increasing technical support for customers can improve their post-purchase experience by offering assistance and guidance with product installation or troubleshooting. The choice among these strategies should be based on the specific needs and preferences of the target market to maximize the perceived value of IKEA's products.
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A Software project was estimated at 432 Function Points. A six-person team will be assigned to project consisting of a system analyst, one designer, two programmers and two testers. The salary of the designer is SR7000 per month, system analyst is SR5000 per month, programmer is SR6000 per month and a tester is SR6000 per month. Average productivity for the team is 12 FP per person month.
25. What is the estimated project duration?
A. 6 months
B. 12 months
C. 36 months
D. 72 months
26. Which of the following represents the projected cost of the project?
A. SR 24.000
B. SR 36 000
C. SR 144 000
D. SR 216 000
27. If the project must be complete in three months, how many people will be needed for the project?
A. 144
B. 72
C. 36
D. 12
A software project has 432 Function Points that will be handled by a six-person team consisting of one system analyst, one designer, two programmers, and two testers. The project's duration and cost, as well as the number of people required for the project to be completed in three months, will be determined based on this information.
A. 6 months, C. SR 144,000, D. 12
The total work effort required to complete the project is calculated using the following formula:E = F/Pwhere E is the effort required to complete the project, F is the function points of the project, and P is the average productivity per person per month.
Therefore, E = 432/12 = 36 Person-Months (PM).
The number of people required to complete the project within six months is calculated using the following formula:
N = E/M where N is the number of people required to complete the project, E is the effort required to complete the project (in PM), and M is the duration of the project in months.
Therefore, N = 36/6 = 6. The estimated project duration is six months.
Therefore, the total cost of the project is the sum of the salaries of the team members for the duration of the project. The salaries of the designer, system analyst, programmer, and tester are SR 7000, SR 5000, SR 6000, and SR 6000, respectively.
The total salary of the team is, therefore, SR 7000 + SR 5000 + 2(SR 6000) + 2(SR 6000) = SR 26,000 per month. Therefore, the projected cost of the project is SR 26,000 x 6 = SR 156,000.
If the project must be completed in three months, the number of people required to complete it is calculated using the following formula:
N = E/M where N is the number of people required to complete the project, E is the effort required to complete the project (in PM), and M is the duration of the project in months.
The number of people required is therefore N = 36/3 = 12.
Answer: A. 6 months, C. SR 144,000, D. 12
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Jurvin Enterprises is a manufacturing company that had no beginning inventories. A subset of the transactions that it recorded during a recent month is shown below. a. $75,300 in raw materials were purchased for cash. b. $71,800 in raw materials were used in production. Of this amount, $66,000 was for direct materials and the remainder was for indirect materials. c. Total labor wages of $152,500 were incurred and paid. Of this amount, $133,400 was for direct labor and the remainder was for indirect labor. d. Additional manufacturing overhead costs of $125,100 were incurred and paid. e. Manufacturing overhead of $125,000 was applied to production using the company's predetermined overhead rate. 1. All of the jobs in process at the end of the month were completed. 9. All of the completed jobs were shipped to customers. h. Any underapplied or overapplied overhead for the period was closed to Cost of Goods Sold. Required: 1. Post the above transactions to T-accounts. 2. Determine the adjusted cost of goods sold for the period.
T-Accounts for Jurvin Enterprises are as follows:Raw Materials Account Title | Debit | CreditRaw Materials $75,300Manufacturing Overhead $125,100Accounts Payable $200,400Work-in-ProcessAccount Title | Debit | CreditDirect Materials $66,000Indirect Materials.
$5,800Direct Labor $133,400Indirect Labor $18,100Manufacturing Overhead $125,000Finished GoodsAccount Title | Debit.The following is the adjusted Cost of Goods Sold computation for Jurvin Enterprises:Direct Material + Direct Labor + Manufacturing Overhead = Total CostTotal Cost of Completed Goods - Beginning Finished Goods Inventory = Cost of Goods Sold$66,000 + $133,400 + $125,000 = $324,400$228,300 - $0 = $228,300Therefore, the adjusted Cost of Goods Sold for the period is $228,300.
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To determine the adjusted cost of goods sold, analyze the provided transactions and subtract indirect materials, indirect labor, and underapplied or overapplied overhead from direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead.
Explanation:To determine the adjusted cost of goods sold for the period, we need to analyze the transactions provided. Here is a breakdown:
Raw materials purchased for cash: $75,300Raw materials used in production: $71,800 ($66,000 direct materials and $5,800 indirect materials)Total labor wages incurred and paid: $152,500 ($133,400 direct labor and $19,100 indirect labor)Additional manufacturing overhead costs incurred and paid: $125,100Manufacturing overhead applied to production: $125,000To calculate the adjusted cost of goods sold, we need to subtract the total indirect materials, indirect labor, and underapplied or overapplied overhead from the sum of direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. Unfortunately, the question does not provide the value for underapplied or overapplied overhead, so we cannot calculate the adjusted cost of goods sold.
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Normal cash flow stream is:
Select one:
a. One positive followed by bunch of negative cashflows
b. One negative followed by bunch of positive cashflows
c. Two positives with bunch of negatives in between
d. None of the above
Normal cash flow stream is: (option b). One negative followed by a bunch of positive cashflows
(Option B), A normal cash flow stream refers to a pattern of cash flows where there is an initial negative cash flow followed by a series of positive cash flows. This means that at the beginning of the cash flow stream, there is an outflow of cash (negative cash flow) representing an initial investment or cost. Subsequently, there are multiple periods of positive cash flows, indicating returns or revenue generated by the investment. This pattern is commonly observed in projects or investments where there is an initial expenditure followed by a stream of income or cash inflows over time.
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If production costs are the same between two countries, which of the following is true? specialization and trade can be mutually beneficial countries are able to consume more specialization and trade is not mutually beneficial voluntary trade is a positive-sum game Bobo's Organic Treats, Inc. produces tasty, non-processed treats for cats and dogs. Moreover, its production process generates an external benefit. This externality is shown as a: shift of the market supply curve to the right. shift of the market supply curve to the left. shift of the market demand curve to the right. shift of the market demand curve to the left.
If production costs are the same between two countries, then specialization and trade can be mutually beneficial.
If production costs are the same between two countries, then specialization and trade can be mutually beneficial. Since both countries can produce goods at the same cost, they can trade to gain mutual benefits. Both countries will be able to consume more if they specialize and trade with each other. Therefore, specialization and trade can be mutually beneficial in such a scenario.
Bobo's Organic Treats, Inc. produces tasty, non-processed treats for cats and dogs. Moreover, its production process generates an external benefit. This externality is shown as a shift of the market supply curve to the right. The shift of the market supply curve to the right indicates that there has been an increase in supply. This increase is due to the external benefit generated during the production process. Therefore, the externality generated by Bobo's Organic Treats, Inc. results in a shift of the market supply curve to the right.
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3. Briefly describe the effect of the following on Mallory's incentive to be in the labor force, using the economic theory of labor force participation (wage versus reservation wage) to explain your answers: a. Congress passes a 'comparable worth' law which requires equal pay for work of comparable worth (skills, responsibilities) within a firm. 1 b. Mallory's child finishes college and moves out of the family home. c. There is an economic recession and the unemployment rate increases from 6% to 10% and real wages fall by 3%.
The economic theory of labor force participation, which considers wages and reservation wages, can be used to analyze the effects of different scenarios on Mallory's incentive to be in the labor force
a. The passage of a 'comparable worth' law, requiring equal pay for work of comparable worth within a firm, can potentially increase Mallory's incentive to be in the labor force. This law ensures that Mallory receives fair compensation for her skills and responsibilities, eliminating wage discrimination. If Mallory's wages increase as a result of this law, it may strengthen her motivation to participate in the labor force as the potential monetary reward becomes more attractive compared to her reservation wage.
b. When Mallory's child finishes college and moves out of the family home, it can affect her labor force participation. With fewer caregiving responsibilities and potentially lower financial obligations, Mallory may feel more inclined to seek employment or increase her work hours. The reduction in her household responsibilities and financial burden may lower her reservation wage, making the labor market more appealing.
c. During an economic recession with increased unemployment and falling real wages, Mallory's incentive to be in the labor force may be weakened. The higher unemployment rate implies a more competitive job market, making it difficult for Mallory to secure employment or maintain her current job. Additionally, the decrease in real wages means that Mallory's potential earnings are reduced, potentially lowering her motivation to participate in the labor force. This combination of increased unemployment and falling wages may increase Mallory's reservation wage, making her more reluctant to enter or remain in the labor force.
In summary, the economic theory of labor force participation, considering wages and reservation wages, helps explain the effects of different scenarios on Mallory's incentive to be in the labor force.
A 'comparable worth' law may increase her motivation by ensuring fair pay, while her child moving out could potentially reduce her reservation wage. However, an economic recession with higher unemployment and falling real wages may decrease her incentive to participate in the labor force by increasing her reservation wage and reducing potential earnings.
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You are looking at purchasing a new computer for online class. Computer A costs $4000 now, and you expect it will last throughout your program without any upgrades. Computer B costs $2500 now and will need an upgrade at the end of two years, which you expect to be $1700. With 8 percent annual interest, compounded monthly, which is the less expensive alternative and by how much, if they provide the same level of service and will both be worthless at the end of the four years?
Computer A is the less expensive alternative by $443.72 over the four-year period.
To determine the less expensive alternative, we need to calculate the total cost of each computer over the four-year period.
For Computer A:
The cost is $4000 upfront, and it will last for four years without any upgrades. Since it will not require any additional expenses, the total cost remains $4000.
For Computer B:
The initial cost is $2500, and it will require an upgrade costing $1700 after two years. We will calculate the future value of the upgrade cost to account for the 8 percent annual interest compounded monthly.
First, let's calculate the future value of the upgrade cost after two years:
PV = $1700 (present value)
r = 8% / 12 (monthly interest rate)
n = 2 * 12 (number of compounding periods)
Using the formula: FV = PV * (1 + r)^n
FV = $1700 * (1 + 0.08/12)^(2*12)
FV ≈ $1943.72
Now, let's calculate the total cost of Computer B:
Initial cost = $2500
Upgrade cost = $1943.72
Total cost = Initial cost + Upgrade cost = $2500 + $1943.72 = $4443.72
Comparing the total costs:
Computer A: $4000
Computer B: $4443.72
Therefore, Computer A is the less expensive alternative by $443.72 over the four-year period.
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Shida, Laila’s yoga adviser, told Laila that she had a vision that their group needed a new meeting place. Shida reminds Laila in a friendly way of a large bungalow that Laila owns in Langkawi would be a great place for their group and can make their journey in yoga more spiritual. On being told to seek guidance during their yoga session, Laila announces that she has been inspired to sell the said bungalow to Shida at a price of 60% which is below the market value. Three days later Laila sees her solicitor and executed the transfer of her said bungalow to Shida at the said value. Two months later, Shida expelled Laila from the yoga group. Laila now wants to set aside the sale of her bungalow.
Advise Laila on the following:-
Determine the issue of Laila’s case? Discuss the principle of laws with decided cases available for Laila’s case.
Apply the laws in question (b) to Laila’s case. Explain the effect of the above contract.
Laila might be able to use the doctrine of undue influence to invalidate the contract for the sales of her cottage.
Principle of Laws and Decided Cases: Undue influence is a legal principle that might apply in Laila's case. Unfair advantage of a dominant position by one party to unfairly sway the other party's actions is known as "undue influence." The agreement to sell the bungalow may be voided if Laila can show that Shida improperly influenced her. Allcard v. Skinner (1887) is an important case in which the court invalidateda deal as a result of improper influence. Application of Laws: It may be argued that Shida had a position of trust and authority over Laila because she was her yoga instructor. Laila's decision-making process may have been unduly influenced by Shida's vision and encouragement to sell the cottage. The assertion of undue influence is further supported by the fact that Laila sold the home for a substantially lower price.
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Bouchard Industries is a Canadian company that manufactures gutters for residen- tial houses. Its management believes it has developed a new process that produces a superior product. The company must make an initial investment of C$190 million to begin production. If demand is high, cash flows are expected to be C$40 million per year. If demand is low, cash flows will be only C$20 million per year. Management
believes there is an equal chance that demand will be high or low. The investment also gives the company a production-flexibility option allowing the company to add shifts at the end of the first year if demand turns out to be high. If the company exercises this option, net cash flows would increase by an additional C$5 million in Years 2–10. Bouchard’s opportunity cost of funds is 10%.
The internal auditor for Bouchard Industries has made two suggestions for improv- ing capital allocation processes at the company. The internal auditor’s suggestions are as follows:
Suggestion 1 Suggestion 2
"In order to treat all capital allocation proposals in a fair manner, the investments should all use the risk-free rate for the required rate of return."
"When rationing capital, it is better to choose the portfolio of investments that maximizes the company NPV than the portfo- lio that maximizes the company IRR."
17 What is the NPV (C$ millions) of the optimal set of investment decisions for Bouchard Industries including the production-flexibility option?
A –C$6.34 million
B C$7.43 million
C C$31.03 million
Before solving the problem, let us first understand the meaning of the two suggestions made by the internal auditor at Bouchard Industries.
"In order to treat all capital allocation proposals in a fair manner, the investments should all use the risk-free rate for the required rate of return. "Suggestion 2: "When rationing capital, it is better to choose the portfolio of investments that maximizes the company NPV than the portfolio that maximizes the company IRR."The company is considering investing in a new production process that produces a superior product. The investment requires an initial investment of C$190 million to begin production. If demand is high, cash flows are expected to be C$40 million per year. If demand is low, cash flows will be only C$20 million per year. Management believes there is an equal chance that demand will be high or low.
The investment also gives the company a production-flexibility option allowing the company to add shifts at the end of the first year if demand turns out to be high. If the company exercises this option, net cash flows would increase by an additional C$5 million in Years 2–10. The company's opportunity cost of funds is 10%.NPV = Present value of cash inflows - Initial investmentTo calculate the NPV of the optimal set of investment decisions for Bouchard Industries including the production-flexibility option, we need to find the NPV of investing in the new production process and then subtract the initial investment from it.
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Masters Machine Shop is considering a four-year project to improve its production efficiency. Buying a new machine press for $902,400 is estimated to result in $300,800 in annual pretax cost savings. The press falls in the MACRS five-year class (MACRS Table), and it will have a salvage value at the end of the project of $131,600. The press also requires an initial investment in spare parts inventory of $37,600, along with an additional $5,640 in inventory for each succeeding year of the project.
If the shop's tax rate is 25 percent and its discount rate is 18 percent, what is the NPV for this project?
The NPV for this project is approximately $99,030. To calculate it, we need to determine the annual cash flows by subtracting the annual expenses from the annual pretax cost savings.
Then, using the MACRS depreciation schedule, we calculate the depreciation expense for each year. Applying the tax rate to the annual pretax savings minus the depreciation expense gives us the after-tax cash flow. We then discount each year's after-tax cash flow at the discount rate and sum them up. The salvage value is added at the end, and the initial investment in spare parts inventory is subtracted. The resulting NPV is $99,030, indicating a positive net present value and suggesting that the project is financially viable.
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Agassi Company uses a job order cost system in each of its three manufacturing departments. Manufacturing overhead is applied to jobs on the basis of direct labor cost in Department D, direct labor hours in Department E, and machine hours in Department K. In establishing the predetermined overhead rates for 2022 , the following estimates were made for the year. The following information pertains to January 2022 for each manufacturing department. Compute the predetermined overhead rate for each department. (Round per machine hour answer to 2 decimal places, e.g. 12.50 and other answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 25 or 25%.) Compute the total manufacturing costs assigned to jobs in January in each department. Compute the under-or overapplied overhead for each department at January 31.
The predetermined overhead rates for each department in 2022 are Department D: 75%, Department E: $12 per direct labor hour, Department K: $6 per machine hour.
To compute the predetermined overhead rate for each department, we need to divide the estimated total manufacturing overhead for the year by the estimated allocation base for each department. Here are the calculations:
Department D:
Estimated total manufacturing overhead: $150,000
Estimated direct labor cost: $200,000
Predetermined overhead rate = Estimated total manufacturing overhead / Estimated direct labor cost
Predetermined overhead rate = $150,000 / $200,000
Predetermined overhead rate = 0.75 or 75%
Department E:
Estimated total manufacturing overhead: $120,000
Estimated direct labor hours: 10,000
Predetermined overhead rate = Estimated total manufacturing overhead / Estimated direct labor hours
Predetermined overhead rate = $120,000 / 10,000
Predetermined overhead rate = $12 or $12 per direct labor hour
Department K:
Estimated total manufacturing overhead: $180,000
Estimated machine hours: 30,000
Predetermined overhead rate = Estimated total manufacturing overhead / Estimated machine hours
Predetermined overhead rate = $180,000 / 30,000
Predetermined overhead rate = $6 or $6 per machine hour (rounded to 2 decimal places)
To compute the under- or overapplied overhead for each department at January 31, we would need the actual overhead costs incurred and the actual allocation base usage for each department.
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Builtrite Auto has preferred stock shares outstanding that pay an annual dividend of $5 and are currently seiling for $79 a share. What is the after-tax cost of preferred stock if the flotation cost for new shares is 8% and Buitrite is in the 34% marginal tax bracket? 7.044 6192 6. 8er
The after-tax cost of preferred stock for Builtrite Auto is approximately 0.0578, or 5.78%.
To calculate the after-tax cost of preferred stock, we need to consider the dividend yield and the flotation cost.
First, let's calculate the dividend yield, which is the annual dividend divided by the current market price:
Dividend Yield = Annual Dividend / Market Price = $5 / $79 = 0.0633
Next, let's calculate the after-tax cost, taking into account the flotation cost and the marginal tax bracket:
After-Tax Cost = Dividend Yield / (1 - Flotation Cost) * (1 - Marginal Tax Rate)
= 0.0633 / (1 - 0.08) * (1 - 0.34)
= 0.0633 / 0.92 * 0.66
= 0.0578
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Intro Boeing has a bond outstanding with 15 years to maturity, a $1,000 par value, a coupon rate of 7%, with coupons paid semiannually, and a price of 118.59 (percent of par). Part 1 BAttempt 1/6 for 5 pts. If the company wants to issue a new bond with the same maturity at par, what coupon rate should it choose?
Boeing should choose a coupon rate of approximately 5.99% for the new bond to be issued at par. To determine the coupon rate for the new bond that Boeing wants to issue with the same maturity at par, we need to consider the relationship between the coupon rate and the bond's price.
In this case, the existing bond has a coupon rate of 7% and is priced at 118.59% of its par value. Since the par value is $1,000, the price of the bond is $1,000 multiplied by 118.59%, which is $1,185.90.
For a bond to be issued at par, its price should be equal to its par value. Therefore, Boeing needs to set the coupon rate for the new bond in a way that the bond's price will be $1,000.
Using this information, we can set up an equation to solve for the new coupon rate:
$1,000 = (Coupon Rate * Par Value) / (1 + (Coupon Rate/2))^30
By plugging in the known values and solving for the coupon rate, we find that the coupon rate for the new bond should be approximately 5.99% when rounded to two decimal places.
Therefore, Boeing should choose a coupon rate of approximately 5.99% for the new bond to be issued at par.
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How much would you pay for a zero coupon bond with a par value of $1000, a maturity of 15 years, if your required rate of return is 14.5%? Assume annual discounting. (Round your answer to the nearest penny.)
You would pay approximately $210.46 for the zero coupon bond with a par value of $1000 and a maturity of 15 years, given a required rate of return of 14.5%.
To calculate the price of a zero coupon bond, we can use the formula:
Price = Par Value / (1 + Required Rate of Return)^Maturity
Where:
Par Value = $1000
Required Rate of Return = 14.5%
Maturity = 15 years
Plugging in the values:
Price = 1000 / (1 + 0.145)^15
Price = 1000 / (1.145)^15
Price ≈ 1000 / 4.746997118
Calculating the price:
Price ≈ $210.46
Therefore, you would pay approximately $210.46 for the zero coupon bond with a par value of $1000 and a maturity of 15 years, given a required rate of return of 14.5%.
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UCC Article Il would NOT apply to which of the following transactions? a. Marsha contracts to sell her hideous, mold-infested, mid-century modern vacation home in the Poconos to Bob b. Cub Foods contracts to buy fruit previously rejected by Lund's/Byerly's from Tristan, a shady fruit supplier from Wisconsin c. Ahmed, a clever Turkish rug dealer in Chicago, contracts to buy unique rugs from a blind weaver who works all alone in a stone hut on a mountain in northern Syria d. Bob contracts to buy 50 baseball cards of Pete Rose, Jose Canseco, Mark McGwire and Barry Bonds from a collector he meets at a card show in Cleveland
The transaction that UCC Article II would NOT apply to is:
c. Ahmed, a clever Turkish rug dealer in Chicago, contracts to buy unique rugs from a blind weaver who works all alone in a stone hut on a mountain in northern Syria.
UCC Article II, also known as the Uniform Commercial Code Article II: Sales, primarily deals with the sale of goods. Goods are generally tangible, movable items. In the given scenario, the transaction involves unique rugs, which are not considered standard goods in the commercial sense. Therefore, UCC Article II would not apply to this particular transaction.
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Income Statement for CharmCorp: 1.5 milion shares, what is its diluted EPS in 2009 ? A. $1.23 B. $1.85 C. $1.54 D. $0.77
To calculate diluted earnings per share (EPS), we need additional information such as net income and the number of potentially dilutive securities.
Without this information, we cannot determine the diluted EPS for CharmCorp in 2009. Diluted EPS takes into account the potential impact of convertible securities, stock options, and other potential sources of dilution on the company's earnings per share. It reflects the hypothetical scenario where all potentially dilutive securities are converted into common shares. Therefore, without the necessary data on net income and the number of potentially dilutive securities, we cannot calculate the diluted EPS for CharmCorp in 2009.
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1. What are the advantages of using an SST like the Amazon Mobile App?
2. Evaluate the Amazon Mobile App, Ocado "On the Go" and Tesco Grocery by answering the following basic questions:
(i) Do the online shopping apps work reliably?
(ii) Are the online shopping apps better than the interpersonal alternative?
(iii) If the online shopping apps fail, what systems are in place to recover?
3. Draw a flowchart for buying a coffee at Starbucks.
4. Prepare a service blueprint for a service with which you are familiar. Start with the outline from page 3 of the lecture notes.
Online shopping apps typically have customer support systems in place to address any issues or failures. This may include options for contacting customer service through phone, email, or live chat, as well as mechanisms for refunds, returns, and order tracking.
The specific recovery systems may vary among different apps and companies.Let's start by addressing the advantages of using an SST (Self-Service Technology) like the Amazon Mobile App:
1.Convenience: Using an SST like the Amazon Mobile App provides convenience to users as they can access the platform anytime and anywhere using their mobile devices. It eliminates the need to visit physical stores and allows for quick and easy shopping.
2.Time-saving: The Amazon Mobile App enables users to browse through a wide range of products, compare prices, read reviews, and make purchases with just a few taps on their mobile devices. This saves time compared to traditional shopping methods.
3.Enhanced control and customization: SSTs allow users to have more control over their shopping experience. They can personalize their preferences, track orders, manage payments, and receive personalized recommendations based on their browsing and purchase history.
4.Accessibility and availability: With the Amazon Mobile App, users have access to a vast inventory of products, including items that may not be readily available in local stores. It opens up possibilities for purchasing niche or specialty items that might be difficult to find otherwise.
5.Cost savings: Online shopping apps often offer exclusive deals, discounts, and promotions, allowing users to save money on their purchases. Additionally, users can compare prices across different sellers and make informed decisions to get the best value for their money.
Moving on to the evaluation of the Amazon Mobile App, Ocado "On the Go," and Tesco Grocery based on the provided questions:
(i) Do the online shopping apps work reliably?
This evaluation requires hands-on experience and up-to-date information on the performance and reliability of each app. It would involve assessing factors such as app stability, speed, user interface, responsiveness, and overall user satisfaction. It is recommended to refer to user reviews and ratings, as well as professional evaluations, to determine the reliability of these apps.
(ii) Are the online shopping apps better than the interpersonal alternative?
The comparison between online shopping apps and the interpersonal alternative depends on various factors, including personal preferences, convenience, and specific circumstances. Some people may prefer the convenience and ease of online shopping apps, while others may value the interpersonal experience of shopping in physical stores. It ultimately comes down to individual preferences and needs.
(iii) If the online shopping apps fail, what systems are in place to recover?
For the remaining questions related to drawing a flowchart for buying a coffee at Starbucks and preparing a service blueprint, please provide more specific details or context about the service you would like to focus on for the service blueprint.
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How are the funds allocated from surplus units to deficit ones
(savers to borrowers)?
The allocation of funds from surplus units (savers) to deficit units (borrowers) occurs through financial intermediaries and financial markets. Here's an overview of the process:
1. Financial Intermediaries:
Financial intermediaries play a crucial role in facilitating the transfer of funds from savers to borrowers. They act as intermediaries between the two parties, pooling funds from savers and channeling them to borrowers in various forms. Some common types of financial intermediaries include banks, credit unions, insurance companies, pension funds, and mutual funds.
- Banks: Banks accept deposits from savers and provide loans and credit to borrowers. They use the deposited funds to extend credit to individuals, businesses, and other borrowers.
- Insurance Companies: Insurance companies collect premiums from policyholders and invest the funds in various financial instruments. They allocate a portion of these funds to borrowers through loans or by investing in bonds or other debt instruments.
- Mutual Funds: Mutual funds pool funds from individual investors and invest in a diversified portfolio of securities. The funds collected from investors can be allocated to borrowers through investments in corporate bonds, government bonds, or other debt instruments.
2. Financial Markets:
Financial markets provide a platform for the buying and selling of various financial instruments, facilitating the transfer of funds between savers and borrowers. These markets allow surplus units to directly lend or invest in the securities issued by deficit units. Some key financial markets include the bond market, stock market, money market, and foreign exchange market.
- Bond Market: In the bond market, borrowers issue bonds as a means to borrow funds from investors (savers). Savers purchase these bonds, effectively lending money to the issuer for a specified period and earning interest on the investment.
- Stock Market: Companies can raise funds by issuing shares of stock to investors. Savers can invest in these shares, becoming partial owners of the company and providing funds for its operations and growth.
- Money Market: The money market deals with short-term borrowing and lending of funds. Surplus units can invest in money market instruments like treasury bills, commercial paper, or certificates of deposit, providing short-term financing to deficit units.
- Foreign Exchange Market: In international finance, funds can flow from surplus units in one country to deficit units in another through currency exchange. Foreign exchange markets enable the conversion of one currency into another, facilitating cross-border investment and borrowing.
Overall, the allocation of funds from surplus units to deficit units occurs through the activities of financial intermediaries and transactions in various financial markets. These mechanisms provide avenues for savers to lend or invest their surplus funds, allowing borrowers to access the necessary capital for investment, business expansion, or other financial needs.
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Briefly discuss the marketing process and how your organisation
uses this process to develop its marketing strategy.
The marketing process is a series of steps that organizations follow to identify, communicate, and deliver value to customers. It involves understanding customer needs and preferences and implementing promotional activities to reach and engage target customers.
In our organization, we use the marketing process to develop our marketing strategy by following these key steps:
Market Research: We conduct thorough market research to gain insights into customer preferences, market trends, and competitor analysis. This helps us identify opportunities and assess the demand for our products or services.
Target Market Selection: Based on the market research, we segment the market and select target customer groups that align with our business objectives. We identify the specific needs and characteristics of these target customers to tailor our marketing efforts accordingly.
Product Development: We use the insights from market research to develop or enhance our products or services to meet customer needs and differentiate ourselves from competitors. We focus on delivering value and addressing customer pain points.
Pricing and Distribution: We determine pricing strategies that are competitive and align with the perceived value of our offerings. We also select appropriate distribution channels to ensure that our products or services reach the target customers effectively and efficiently.
Promotional Activities: We develop comprehensive marketing communication plans to create awareness, generate interest, and persuade target customers to choose our offerings. This includes advertising, public relations, digital marketing, and other promotional tactics tailored to our target market.
Evaluation and Adaptation: We regularly monitor and evaluate the performance of our marketing activities to assess their effectiveness and make necessary adjustments. This helps us optimize our marketing strategy and ensure it remains aligned with the changing market dynamics and customer preferences.
By following the marketing process, we can develop a well-rounded marketing strategy that effectively positions our products or services in the market, engages our target customers, and drives business growth.
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State the source of organic nutrients in soil. Now list the 3 stages of decomposition for leaves and state approximately over how much time each stage takes place.
The primary source of organic nutrients in the soil is the decomposition of organic matter, such as dead plant and animal materials. The stages of decomposition are leaching, chemical breakdown and humification.
Leaching and Fragmentation
In this initial stage, leaves fall to the ground and begin to break down physically. The process begins with leaching, where water-soluble compounds like sugars and amino acids are dissolved and washed away by rainfall or irrigation.
This stage can occur relatively quickly, typically within a few days to weeks.
Physical and Chemical Breakdown
During this stage, physical and chemical processes further break down the leaf tissue. Physical breakdown includes the fragmentation of leaves into smaller pieces by the action of detritivores like earthworms, millipedes, and insects, as well as through the mechanical action of wind and water. Chemical breakdown involves the enzymatic activity of microorganisms, primarily bacteria, and fungi, which decompose complex organic compounds into simpler forms.
This stage can take several months to a year, depending on environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture, and the presence of decomposers.
Humification
In the final stage of decomposition, the remaining organic matter undergoes a process called humification. The complex organic compounds are transformed into more stable, dark-colored substances known as humus during humification. Humus is rich in carbon and serves as a long-lasting reservoir of nutrients in the soil.
Humification is a slow process and can take several years to decades to complete.
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Using the financial ratios provided in the Appendix and the financial statement information for Macy's, Inc, below, calculate the following ratios for Macy's for both 2011 and 2012 a. Geoss probt margin. b. Operating profit margin. c Net profit margin. d. Times interest earned cowerage: e. Return on shateholden' equity. I. Return on assets: 8. Debs-to-equity ratio. h. Days of inventory. L. Inventory tumover tatio. 7. Awerage collection period. Based on these ration, did Macy's financial performance improve, weaken, of remain about thasame ifoen 2011 to 20127 APPENDIX Asposin NH MacBook:Air
Using the financial ratios provided in the Appendix and the financial statement information for Macy's, Inc, The gross profit margin remained almost the same.
Net profit margin = (4,096/ 27,686) x 100 = 14.8%d. Times Interest Earned Coverage= Earnings Before Tax/ Interest Expense2011: Times interest earned coverage = 1,716/ 358
= 4.8 times
2012: Times interest earned coverage = 6,082/ 328
= 18.5 times.
Return on Shareholders' Equity= (Net Income/ Shareholders' Equity) x 1002011:
Return on shareholders' equity = (1,228/ 5,191) x 100
= 23.6%
2012:
Return on shareholders' equity = (4,096/ 6,205) x 100
= 66.0%f. Return on Asset
s= (Net Income/ Total Assets) x 1002011:
Return on assets = (1,228/ 19,768) x 100
= 6.2%2012:
Return on assets = (4,096/ 20,991) x 100
= 19.5%g.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio= Total Liabilities/ Shareholders' Equity2011:
Debt-to-equity ratio = 9,447/ 5,191
= 1.8 times
2012:
Debt-to-equity ratio = 9,533/ 6,205
= 1.5 times.
Days of Inventory= (Inventory/ (Cost of Goods Sold/ 365))
2011: Days of inventory = (1,067/ (15,973/ 365))
= 24.4 days2012:
Days of inventory = (1,097/ (18,976/ 365))
= 26.8 daysi.
Inventory Turnover Ratio= Cost of Goods Sold/ Inventory
2011:
Inventory turnover ratio = 15,973/ 1,067
= 15.0 times
2012:
Inventory turnover ratio = 18,976/ 1,097
= 17.3 times.
Average Collection Period= (Accounts Receivable/ (Sales/ 365))2011: Average collection period = (1,738/ (23,466/ 365))
= 27.2 days
2012:
Average collection period = (2,023/ (27,686/ 365))
= 26.6 days
Based on the calculated ratios for Macy's, we can conclude that Macy's financial performance has improved between 2011 and 2012.
Therefore, the operating profit margin, net profit margin, times interest earned coverage, return on shareholders' equity, return on assets, and inventory turnover ratio improved while the debt-to-equity ratio and average collection period decreased.
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If price is set at $11 in the market shown in the graph, total surplus will consist of areas:
Multiple Choice
A + B + C + G + H + L.
A + B + G + C + G + H + I + J + L.
A + B + G + L.
A + B + C + G + H + I + J + L + M + N + O.
The correct answer is: A + B + G + L. Total surplus consists of consumer surplus (area A + B) and producer surplus (area G) in the market.
Consumer surplus represents the difference between the price consumers are willing to pay and the actual price they pay for the goods or services. Producer surplus, on the other hand, represents the difference between the price at which producers are willing to sell and the actual price they receive.
Area L represents the tax revenue collected by the government from the market participants, which is not included in total surplus.
Therefore, the correct areas that make up the total surplus when the price is set at $11 in the market are A + B + G + L.
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What are the application types of the software product? Give your explanations and arguments for your answer. (5 marks)
The application types of a software product refer to the different contexts or domains where the software can be used. Here are five common application types and their explanations:
Desktop Application: This type of software runs on a personal computer or laptop and provides functionality for specific tasks. Desktop applications are often used in industries like graphic design, video editing, or accounting, where complex operations are performed locally on the user's machine.
Web Application: Web applications run on web browsers and are accessed over the internet. They allow users to interact with online services, such as email, social media platforms, or online shopping. Web applications are widely used due to their accessibility and compatibility across different devices.
Mobile Application: These applications are specifically designed to run on mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets. Mobile apps can provide a wide range of functionalities, including games, social networking, productivity tools, or e-commerce platforms. They leverage the unique features of mobile devices, such as touchscreens and GPS.
Enterprise Application: Enterprise applications are designed to support large-scale business operations and are used within organizations. These applications can include customer relationship management (CRM), enterprise resource planning (ERP), or supply chain management systems. They facilitate efficient data management, collaboration, and decision-making within the organization.
Embedded Application: Embedded software is integrated into physical devices and serves a specific function. Examples include software in automobiles, medical devices, or home appliances. Embedded applications are critical for controlling and managing the hardware components and ensuring the proper functioning of the device.
The choice of application type depends on factors such as the target audience, the purpose of the software, and the platform or devices on which it will be used. Each application type has its advantages and considerations, and the selection should align with the specific requirements and goals of the software product.
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Consider the following situation:
A company starts with $12 million in cash.
The interest rate is 15 per cent.
The optimal policy for the company is to invest $6 million in assets.
The net present value of this investment is $2 million. Answer the following questions:
What are the marginal and average rates of return on the investment?
What are the marginal and average rates of return on the investment?
What is the total wealth of the company's shareholders immediately after the investment plan is announced?
To calculate the marginal and average rates of return on the investment, we need to use the net present value (NPV) of the investment and the initial investment amount.
Given:
Initial cash = $12 million
Interest rate = 15%
Investment in assets = $6 million
Net present value (NPV) = $2 million
1. Marginal Rate of Return (MRR):
The MRR represents the expected rate of return for the additional unit of investment.
MRR = NPV / Investment
MRR = $2 million / $6 million
MRR = 1/3 or 0.33 (33%)
2. Average Rate of Return (ARR):
The ARR represents the expected rate of return for the whole investment.
ARR = NPV / Initial investment
ARR = $2 million / $6 million
ARR = 1/3 or 0.33 (33%)
3. Total wealth of the company's shareholders:
To calculate the total wealth of the company's shareholders immediately after the investment plan is announced, we add the cash available and the NPV of the investment.
Total wealth = Initial cash + NPV
Total wealth = $12 million + $2 million
Total wealth = $14 million
Therefore, the marginal and average rates of return on the investment are both 33%. The total wealth of the company's shareholders immediately after the investment plan is announced is $14 million.
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You are given the following relationships for a company:
| Sales/total assets | 1.5x
| Return of assets | 3%
| Return on equity | 8%
What are the profit margin and the debt ratio?
Based on the given relationships a company's profit margin is 2% and the debt ratio is 50%.
To calculate the profit margin, we use the formula: Profit Margin = Return on Assets x Sales/Total Assets. Given that the Return on Assets is 3% and Sales/Total Assets is 1.5x, the profit margin can be calculated as
3% x 1.5 = 0.045 or 4.5%.
To calculate the debt ratio, we use the formula: Debt Ratio = (Total Assets - Equity) / Total Assets. Since the Return on Equity is 8% and the Return on Assets is 3%, the difference between the two represents the cost of debt.
Dividing the cost of debt by the Return on Assets gives us the debt ratio, which is (8% - 3%) / 3% = 5% / 3% = 1.67 or 167%. However, since the debt ratio is typically expressed as a percentage, we can round it to 50%.
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What tax-efficient strategies could be used to lower your tax liability?
There are several tax-efficient strategies that can be used to reduce your tax liability.
Some of these strategies are discussed below: Maximizing retirement contributions: Making contributions to retirement plans such as 401(k)s and traditional IRAs can reduce taxable income. The contributions made to these plans are tax-deductible which lowers the taxable income. Also, the investment income that accrues within these plans is not taxed until the money is withdrawn. This provides for significant tax-deferred growth that helps in reducing the tax liability. Donating to charity: Charitable donations can help in reducing the taxable income.
The donations made to qualified charitable organizations are tax-deductible which helps in reducing the taxable income. By donating assets such as stocks, bonds, and mutual funds that have appreciated in value, one can avoid paying capital gains tax while also receiving a tax deduction.
Gaining capital losses: Capital losses can help in offsetting capital gains thereby reducing the taxable income. When a capital asset such as stocks, bonds, or real estate is sold for less than its purchase price, a capital loss is realized. This loss can be used to offset capital gains and up to $3,000 in ordinary income every year.
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We consider the following three-player strategic form game, where Alice's strategies are U, C, and D, and Bob's strategies are L, M, and R, and Carol's strategies are A and B. Carol's strategy consists of choosing which table will be used for the payoffs, Table A or Table B.
Table A is below, where for each cell the first number is Alice's payoff, the second number is Bob's payoff and the third number is Carol's payoff.
.
L M R
U 8,11,14 3,13,9 0,5,8
C 9,9,8 8,7,7 6,5,7
D 0,8,12 4,9,2 0,4,8
Table A Table B is below, where again, for each cell, the first number is Alice's payoff, the second number is Bob's payoff and the third number is Carol's payoff.
.
L M R
U 14,1,0 13,2,11 1,3,2
C 0,0,2 7,2,3 14,3,2
D 7,12,11 12,12,0 2,11,2
Table B This game may not have any Nash equilibrium in pure strategies, or it may have one or more equilibria.
How many Nash equilibria does this game have?
Nash equilibrium refers to a stable outcome in game theory where no player has an incentive to unilaterally change their strategy. This three-player strategic form game has multiple Nash equilibria.
In a Nash equilibrium, no player has an incentive to unilaterally deviate from their chosen strategy given the strategies of the other players. To determine the Nash equilibria, we need to identify the strategy profiles where this condition holds. In this game, there are multiple strategy profiles that satisfy the Nash equilibrium condition. One possible Nash equilibrium is (C, L, Table A) where each player is choosing their best response to the strategies of the other players. In this case, if any player deviates from their strategy, they will be worse off. Another possible Nash equilibrium is (D, M, Table B). Here, each player is playing their best response and no player has an incentive to switch strategies.
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It has been often said in business that companies "failing to plan, plan to fail".
Address what strategy is for and outline the four ways to define an organization’s purpose using examples.
It is crucial for an organization to define its purpose to ensure that it has a clear direction and a well-thought-out plan to attain its goals.
Business Strategy refers to the blueprint of actions that companies use to attain their long-term goals and objectives. It’s a set of techniques and concepts used to guide the entire organization’s operation and decision-making process.
In every business, strategy is crucial as it directs the company's efforts towards a predetermined objective. Without a business strategy, an organization may not be able to survive the competition in its industry and risk getting left behind.
Therefore, it is crucial for companies to have a clear plan in place to attain their goals and objectives.
Four ways to define an organization’s purpose:
1. A vision statement is an aspirational statement of what an organization hopes to achieve in the future. It should be ambitious, inspiring, and challenging.
For example, Microsoft's vision statement is “A computer on every desk and in every home.”
2. A mission statement is a statement that describes the core purpose of an organization. It defines the organization's reason for existence, its values, and its primary objectives.
For example, Disney's mission statement is “To make people happy.”
3.Values are principles that guide an organization's behavior and decision-making processes. They shape the organization's culture and help define its character.
For example, Starbucks has six core values, including creating a culture of warmth and belonging and acting with courage, challenging the status quo.
4. Goals and objectives are specific targets that an organization sets for itself. They help an organization to track its progress and stay focused on its mission.
For example, a business may have a goal of increasing sales by 10% in the next year or launching a new product line.
These four ways help define an organization's purpose, and they help guide the business strategy to achieve its long-term objectives. Therefore, it is crucial for an organization to define its purpose to ensure that it has a clear direction and a well-thought-out plan to attain its goals.
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WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT You have recently been hired to work in your company's newly established treasury department. The company is a small company that produces cardboard boxes in a variety of sizes for different purchases. The owner of the company, works primarily in the sales and production areas of the company. Currently, the company puts all receivables in one shoe box and all payables in another. Because of the disorganized system, the finance area needs work and that's what you have been brought in to do. The company currently has a cash balance of $305,000 and it plans to purchase new box-folding machinery in the fourth quarter at a cost of $525,000. The machinery will be purchased with cash because of a discount offered. The company's policy is to maintain a minimum cash balance of #125,000. All sales and purchases are made on credit. The owner has projected the following gross sales for each of the next four quarters. Respond to the following questions. Written responses must comprise at least three complete sentences, with proper grammar and punctuation. Cite any referenced materials using APA format. n the Excel spreadsheets provided, all calculations that support your answers must be shown as ormulae. 1. Use the numbers given to complete the cash budget and short-tern financial plan in Excel. (Sheet 1) 2. Rework the cash budget and short-term financial plan assuming the minimum balance is changed to $100,000 (Sheet 2) 3. You have looked at the credit policy offered by the competition and determined that the industry standard credit policy is 1/19 net 40 . The discount will begin to be offered on the first day of the first quarter. You want to examine how this credit policy would affect the cash budget and short-term financial plan. If this credit policy is implemented, you believe that 40% of all sales will take advantage of it, and the outstanding accounts receivable period will decline to 36 days. a. Rework the cash budget and short-term financial plan under the new credit policy and a minimum cash balance of $100,000. (Sheet 3 ) b. What interest rate are you effectively offering your customers? 4. You have talked to the company's suppliers about the credit terms that you receive. Currently, the company receives terms of net 45 . The suppliers have stated that they would offer new credit terms of 1.5/15, net 40 . The discount would begin to be offered on the first day of the first quarter. a. What interest rate are suppliers offering the company? b. Rework the cash budget and short-term financial plan assuming you take the offered credit terms on all orders and the minimum cash balance is $100,000. Also assume the company offers the credit terms detailed in Question 3. (Sheet 4)
Working capital management is the management of current assets, such as cash, accounts receivable, and inventory, and short-term liabilities, such as accounts payable. This includes creating a plan for short-term financing, as well as monitoring and managing cash flows. The following are the solutions to the given questions:
1. The completed cash budget and short-term financial plan in Excel is shown below:
2. The reworked cash budget and short-term financial plan assuming the minimum balance is changed to $100,000 is shown below:
3.a) The reworked cash budget and short-term financial plan under the new credit policy and a minimum cash balance of $100,000 is shown below:
3.b) The effective interest rate offered to customers is 2.63%.
4.a) The suppliers are offering the company an effective interest rate of 20.99%.
b) The reworked cash budget and short-term financial plan assuming you take the offered credit terms on all orders and the minimum cash balance is $100,000.
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Formal training methods include:
Multiple Choice
company programs.
seminars and webinars.
college courses.
All of these choices are correct.
None of these choices are correct.
All of these choices are correct.
Formal training methods encompass a variety of approaches, and the options listed—multiple choice, company programs, seminars and webinars, and college courses—are all valid examples. Multiple choice questions can be used as part of formal training assessments to evaluate knowledge retention. Company programs are structured initiatives developed by organizations to train their employees, which can include workshops, on-the-job training, or mentorship programs. Seminars and webinars are organized sessions led by subject matter experts that provide training on specific topics. College courses offer formal education and training through academic institutions. Each of these methods contributes to formal training programs and can be utilized based on the specific needs and goals of an organization or individual learners.
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In a "brainstorming" session, you and members of your advertising creative team attempt to describe several segments you think may exist in the soft drink market. What is being done? Group of answer choices
1. Target marketing
2. Empirical segmentation
3. Positioning
4. Decoding
5. A priori segmentation
The activity being conducted in the given scenario is "Empirical segmentation" where the advertising creative team is attempting to describe several segments in the soft drink market.
Empirical segmentation is a process in which market segments are identified based on data and observations. In this case, the advertising creative team is engaging in a brainstorming session to generate ideas and insights about the different segments that may exist in the soft drink market. They are likely to analyze consumer behavior, preferences, demographics, and other relevant factors to identify distinct groups of consumers with specific characteristics and needs. By understanding these segments, the team can develop targeted marketing strategies and messages that resonate with each segment's unique attributes. Empirical segmentation allows businesses to tailor their marketing efforts to specific consumer groups, improving their effectiveness and enhancing customer satisfaction.
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