In a bacteria, a subunit of RNA polymerase called α subunit recognizes-10 sequence in the promoter and binds RNA polymerase there.
What is RNA polymerase?RNA polymerase is defined as the type of enzyme found in Ribonucleic acid bacterias which helps in copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence.
The RNA polymerase are also known as the main enzyme for transcription in bacteria.
The subunits of RNA polymerase enzyme include the alpha subunit.
The alpha subunit is known to be able to recognise 10 sequence in the promoter and binds RNA polymerase there.
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Which is most responsible for the synchronized contraction of cardiac muscle tissue?
Answer:
ap junctions
Explanation:
HELPPP ASAPP
2. In rabbits, black fur is dominant to white fur. If you cross a BB male with a Bb female, what are the possible
genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? What is the percent chance for each type? Include genotypic and
phenotypic ratios.
Possible combinations
Percent chance
Ratios
Genotypes
Phenotypes
lines. If a Ww butterfly
You will get a genotype that is 50% BB and 50% Bb as well as a phenotype that is 100% black if you cross a BB male with a Bb female.
The entire number of genes that an organism receives from its parents makes up its genotype. Alleles, which are pairs of these genes, are found. One gene is dominant and one gene is recessive in each allele.The dominant gene is always expressed in a cross if it is present. Only when a pair of alleles is made up of two recessive genes does the recessive gene express itself.
In this instance, the white fur is subordinate to the black fur. White fur is represented as b, while black fur is represented as B.We can see that when we cross the BB male and Bb female, we will get a genotype that is 50% BB and 50% Bb, as well as a phenotype that is 100% black.
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What is a potential outcome if one of your father's gametes did not go through meiosis correctly and one of the chromosomes did not separate correctly?
In this case, you will inherit a normal amount of genetic material from your mother but inherited an extra chromosome from your father.
Chromosome number anomalies are the easiest chromosomal illnesses to diagnose from a karyogram. Chromosome number disorders include alterations in the number of full sets of chromosomes as well as the duplication or deletion of entire chromosomes.
Nondisjunction, which happens when sister chromatids or homologous pairs of chromosomes fail to split during meiosis, is what causes them. The parent's age raises the likelihood of nondisjunction.
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I honestly think it is answer 1 or 3 but please help out and give your opinion on this
Antibiotic C was the most effective in controlling the growth. The 3rd option is the correct one.
Antibiotics and bacterial growthAntibiotics are substances that either inhibits the growth of or kill bacteria.
Those that inhibit the growth of bacteria are said to be bacteriostatic while those that kill bacteria are said to be bacteriocidal.
Looking at the four graphs, the only graph in which the number of bacteria decreased perpetually is the 3rd graph. That is the graph in which antibiotic C was added.
Antibiotic B also decreased the growth of the bacteria initially. However, the bacteria resumed normal growth with time.
It seems the bacteria have become resistant to the effects of Antibiotics A and B. With antibiotic resistance, bacteria thrive in the presence of antibiotics. These microbes are able to develop resistance through natural selection.
Thus, the most effective antibiotic from the graphs would be antibiotic C.
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Anatomic dead space greatly affects the efficiency of pulmonary ventilation.
a. true
b. false
The correct option is a. true.
Anatomic dead space greatly affects the efficiency of pulmonary ventilation is a true statement.
What is pulmonary ventilation?Breathing is the general name for pulmonary ventilation. The act of air into the lungs at inspiration (inhalation) and exiting the lungs during expiration is known as it (exhalation).
Some key points of pulmonary ventilation are-
The respiratory system, often known as pulmonary ventilation, supports breathing. Air is inhaled during pulmonary breathing through nasal and oral canals (nose or mouth). It passes into the lungs via the pharynx, throat, and trachea. After that, air is expelled and returns along the same path. Pulmonary ventilation is triggered by changes in the volume as well as air pressure within the lungs. Both diaphragm plus external intercostal muscle contract as the rib cage raises during a typical inhale. As the lungs expand, the air pressure decreases and more air rushes in. Normal exhalation causes the muscles to relax. Air is ejected, the lungs contract, and the air pressure increases.To know more about Pulmonary ventilation, here
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Question 7: what conclusions can you make about how a change in the condition of the ocean affects the different species in coral reefs?
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When b cell receptors are brought close enough together to cause b cells to be activated, the brcs are said to be:_____.
When B cell receptors are brought close enough together to cause B cells to be activated, the BRCs are said to be Crosslinked.
What are B cell receptors?
The B cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell. A B cell receptor is composed of a membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule and a signal transduction moiety. The former forms a type 1 transmembrane receptor protein, and is typically located on the outer surface of these lymphocyte cells. Through biochemical signalling and by physically acquiring antigens from the immune synapses, the BCR controls the activation of the B cell. B cells are able to gather and grab antigens by engaging biochemical modules for receptor clustering, cell spreading, generation of pulling forces, and receptor transport, which eventually culminates in endocytosis and antigen presentation. B cells' mechanical activity adheres to a pattern of negative and positive feedbacks that regulate the quantity of removed antigen by manipulating the dynamic of BCR–antigen bonds directly. Particularly, grouping and spreading increase the relation of antigen with BCR, thereby proving sensitivity and amplification. On the other hand, pulling forces delinks the antigen from the BCR, thus testing the quality of antigen binding.To learn more about B cell receptor: https://brainly.com/question/15076966
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When blood is drawn from a blood vessel in your arm, it is dark red. This color indicates that the blood was?
When blood is drawn from a blood vessel in your arm, it is dark red. This color indicates that the blood was taken from the vein.
Why was my blood so dark when drawn?
Hemoglobin, a protein found in blood cells that enables the delivery of oxygen throughout the body, contains iron, which gives human blood its red color. However, the amount of oxygen in the blood affects the hue. Blood that contains a lot of oxygen will appear bright red. If blood is drawn from an artery that transports blood from the lungs to the rest of the body, this is typical.
Deoxygenated blood is contained in the veins, which carry blood back to the lungs from the body. Based on the light wavelengths they reflect, chemicals appear to our eyes in specific colors. As blue-green light is absorbed by hemoglobin attached to oxygen, red-orange light is reflected into our eyes, giving the appearance of redness. Because of this, when oxygen attaches to iron in the blood, the color turns brilliant cherry red. Blood is a deeper shade of red when it is not coupled to oxygen.
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_____ waves have a long wavelength and do not possess sufficient energy to kill bacterial cells, while _____ waves have a short wavelength and can be used to sterilize a surface
Infrared waves have a long wavelength and do not possess sufficient energy to kill bacterial cells, while UV waves have a short wavelength and can be used to sterilize a surface.
When ultraviolet light, also known as ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, is released at its most effective wavelength of 253.7 nanometers (nm), it has the greatest ability to kill germs and render microbes inert (UVGI). When transmitted at wavelengths different than those recommended, germicidal efficacy declines. To efficiently deliver the appropriate amount of UV radiation for the desired application, high-quality UV sterilization lamps are crucial.By altering cell DNA, UV radiation sterilization efficiently renders bacteria inert. Because DNA is necessary for cell reproduction, damage to the DNA's structural integrity prevents cells from multiplying and causing disease. The cell absorbs the UV rays, resulting in the formation of pyrimidine dimers. Instead of bonding across the double helix, this causes two nearby thymine or cytosine bases to interact with one another.learn more about UV here: https://brainly.com/question/1377878
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As soon as alcohol and other toxins are absorbed into the body, the _____ begins eliminating them as alcohol cannot be stored in tissue.
As soon as alcohol and other toxins are absorbed into the body, the liver begins eliminating them as alcohol cannot be stored in tissue.
What is detoxification by the liver?Detoxification by the liver is one of the major functions of the lover that involves the removal of toxins from the body sinusoid channels of the liver.
The liver helps to detoxify used drugs and alcohol which are not stored in the body.
The liver begins eliminating alcohol from the body through the action of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase which breaks alcohol into ketones.
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A characteristic of robertsonian translocation is that the tiny short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes are lost, but their dna sequences are _____.
A characteristic of Robertsonian translocation is that tiny short arm of the acrocentric chromosomes are lost but their DNA sequences are repeated elsewhere in the genome, so the loss does not cause symptoms
Robertsonian translocation is one in which, effectively, the whole of a chromosome is joined end to end with another chromosome.
This translocation can only happen in chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22, because the ends of their short arms have similar repetitive DNA sequences that predispose to their fusion.
This kind of translocation can result in trisomy which ultimately causes disease conditions (for example, chromosome 21 trisomy causes Down syndrome).
In some cases, like the long arms of chromosomes 13 and 14 fuses, no significant genetic material is lost and the person can be normal in spite of the translocation.
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You are observing proteins in a lab for an experiment. During transport, they have started to unwind and lose their shape.You notice long strands wound into alpha helices. What level of structure are the proteins in?
The level of the structure is the proteins in the secondary.
What is the structure of secondary?A polypeptide chain's adjacent amino acid residues are arranged in regular patterns in space, known as secondary structure. It is kept in place by hydrogen bonds between the amide hydrogens and the peptide backbone's carbonyl oxygens. Helixes and structures are the two main secondary structures.Local regions of proteins can be organized into one of three three-dimensional configurations: alpha helices (-helix), beta sheets (-strand), or omega loops. The alpha helix is the most prevalent secondary protein shape because it is stable and low-energy.The interaction of amino acids with every backbone NH hydrogen bound with the backbone C=O group of the corresponding amino acid residue in the polypeptide chain results in the- helix formation. The- helix motif is particularly prevalent in transmembrane regions of proteins that traverse the lipid bilayer.You are observing proteins in a lab for an experiment. During transport, they have started to unwind and lose their shape.
The level of the structure is the proteins in the secondary.
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Archaeorhodopsin, initially called bacteriorhodopsin, is responsible for ______.
Archaeorhodopsin initially called bacteriorhodopsin, is responsible for chlorophyll independent photosynthesis. The protein in the retina, the main photosynthetic protein of the archaeon Halobacterium Salinarum is called Archaeorhodopsin.
It transforms green light energy (500–650 nm, maximum 568 nm) into an electrochemical proton gradient, which is then utilized by ATP synthase to produce ATP. It demonstrates vectorial catalysis and serves as a light-driven proton pump that transports protons out of the cell.
A 27 kDa integral membrane protein called "purple membrane," which can cover nearly 50% of the surface area of the archaeal cell, is known as Archaeorhodopsin. It is typically found in these two-dimensional crystalline patches.
Three identical protein chains are arranged in a hexagonal lattice and rotated by 120 degrees from one another to form the repeating structure. Seven transmembrane alpha helices and a two-stranded beta strand facing extracellularly are present in each monomer.
Bacterio-opsin, a protein precursor that is used in the synthesis of Archaeorhodopsin, is extensively altered after translation.
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Some flowers bloom in the spring while others bloom in the summer. This is an example of ____ reproductive isolation.
Some flowers bloom in the spring while others bloom in the summer. This is an example of Prezygotic reproductive isolation.
Prezygotic barriers, which prevent cross-species mating or fertilisation, often have a more significant impact on overall reproductive isolation in plants than postzygotic barriers, which select against hybrid progeny. Prezygotic barriers typically evolve through adaptive divergence in response to ecological factors such as pollinators and habitat.
In studies, it is interesting to note that blooming time divergence is highest at the habitat boundary; this pattern suggests reinforcement, where selection against inadequate hybrids has increased prezygotic isolation. These case studies of sympatric and reinforcing speciation demonstrate their viability.
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Briefly explain why only chromosomes of a homologous pair can have their alleles referred toas homozygous or heterozygous
This is due to the fact that only homologous chromosomes would have identical genes located at identical sites on those chromosomes. Otherwise, there would be no connection between the alleles of various genes.
Although the genes and loci of the two members of the homologous pair are similar, the alleles may vary.For instance, both allele possess the genes responsible for the attribute of eye colour. While the one has alleles for the blue-eye trait, other has alleles for the brown-eye trait. The homologous chromosomes are said to be heterozygous in this instance since the alleles are different.
On the other hand, when both alleles for a gene that codes for the blue-eye phenotype are present, it is said to be homozygous.
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Which of the following is the most likely way to catch the norovirus?
A. Eating foods after not washing your hands
B. Eating lunchmeat that has been left out too long
C. Eating shellfish that has not been cooked
D. Eating vegetables that have been in contact with manure
Hybridomas, which produce monoclonal antibodies, are made by fusing cells of the immune system with.
Hybridoma cells resulting from the fusion of B lymphocytes and myeloma cells produce specific monoclonal antibodies.
A popular technique for creating monoclonal antibodies is hybridoma technology. After immunising mice with a particular antigen, antibody-producing B lymphocytes are extracted from the animals and united with immortal myeloma cell lines to create hybrid cells, also known as hybridoma cell lines.
What is Immune system ?A vast network of organs, white blood cells, proteins (antibodies), and chemicals make up your immune system.
Together, these components of your body's defence system guard you against external invaders (bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungus) that can lead to illness, disease, and infection.A weakened immune system can momentarily be brought on by treatments like anticancer therapies and radiation therapy, despite the fact that it is primarily brought on by certain illnesses, starvation, and specific genetic problems.Learn more about Immune system here:
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Reproductive cloning results in __________ while therapeutic cloning results in ____________.
Reproductive cloning results in implanting the stem cells into the uterus while therapeutic cloning results in growing the stem cells in lab dishes.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is used in reproductive cloning to produce an animal that is genetically identical to a donor animal. In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is produced in a similar manner, but the "cloned" cells that are produced do not enter a female's uterus. Instead, they are left in a dish in the laboratory.By using somatic cell nuclear transfer, reproductive cloning produces an animal that is genetically identical to a donor animal. The freshly produced embryo is returned to the uterine environment during reproductive cloning so it can implant and develop. Perhaps the most famous example is Dolly the sheep.Producing a cloned embryo solely for the goal of making embryonic stem cells with the same DNA as the donor cell is known as therapeutic cloning.learn more about cloning here:
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A chemoelectrical signal that can travel along cell membranes in a wave-like pattern is a(n)?
A chemo electrical signal that can travel along cell membranes in a wave-like pattern is called a nerve impulse.
What is a nerve impulse?
A nerve impulse is an action potential generated across the plasma membrane of the neurons of our nervous system.The electrical potential difference generated across the neurilemma i,e., the plasma membrane of the neurons (due to the reception of the external stimulus), is responsible for the generation of the nerve impulse.Neurotransmitters, chemicals like acetylcholine, dopamine, etc., are also involved in transmitting nerve impulses across neurons.Hence, the chemoelectrical signal that can travel along cell membranes in a wave-like pattern is a nerve impulse.
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Explain whether you think the effectiveness of the big five trait you selected depends on the situation. to justify your response, provide a real or imagined example where the trait would benefit the professional and an example where the same trait would not benefit the professional.
What are five big traits?
Openness:
often known as "Intellect" or "Imagination," assesses your level of inventiveness as well as your thirst for new information and experiences.
Being straightforward and open is what some people like and some people don't. But one person can be trustworthy being so.
Conscientiousness:
This assesses your level of diligence in both your personal and professional life. If you have a high conscientiousness score, you are probably organized, thorough, and able to establish and carry out plans. If your score is poor, you probably lack discipline and organization.
Extraversion/Introversion:
This factor gauges how sociable you are.
Agreeableness:
This is a trait that indicates how well you get along with others.
Natural Reactions:
This indicator of emotional responses is often referred to as "Emotional Stability" or "Neuroticism."
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A total of _____ amino acids compose the majority of protein in living things and nine are _____ to human
Most proteins in living organisms are composed of 40 amino acid residues in total, and nine of those are crucial for human health.
Which majority of amino acids make up proteins in living things?
Only twenty different amino acids, each with a distinct side chain, make up proteins. Different chemistries can be found in the side chains of amino acids. The majority of amino acids contain side chains that are nonpolar.There are nine essential amino acids: tryptophanvalineisoleucine leucinelysinemethionine phenylalanine threonine methionineWhat Constitutes Proteins?
Amino acids are the basic units of proteins. They are tiny chemical compounds with an alpha (central) carbon coupled to an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, hydrogens, and a changeable element known as a side chain. A protein is made up of a lengthy chain of amino acids that are connected by peptide bonds. The biological process that links the carboxyl unit of one amino acid towards the amino group of a nearby amino acid results in the extraction of a water molecule, forming peptide bonds. The main structure of a protein is thought to be its linear amino acid sequence.Learn more about amino acids here:
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Why is it important to maintain the ph of blood and tissue fluids within normal limits? check all that apply
Enzymatic and other proteinic activity is limited by pH. 2) Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways. 3) The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent.
How does the pH levels affect enzymes and proteins?
Enzymes, like all proteins, are polypeptidic molecules.
They need to get an accurate tridimensional structure to accomplish their function.
There is a limit of temperature and pH level at which they lose that structure and denaturalize.
pH changes
The most accurate configuration for the best catalytic performance depends on the charge of the lateral chains and the environmental pH.
Enzymes have ionizable chemical groups in the lateral chains of their amino acids.
Depending on the environmental pH, these groups will have a positive, negative, or neutral charge.
There is an optimum pH level at which enzymes get the best configuration to accomplish their functions.
Most enzymes are sensitive to any change in pH, which might drastically affect their activity. So every enzyme has its optimum pH level, and any slight deviations will cause the enzyme denaturalization, hence, its activity loss.
Whenever the enzyme loses its configuration, and hence, its function, the whole pathway in which it is involved is interrupted.
Options 2 and 3 are correct.
Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways. The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent.You can learn more about enzymes and pH at
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Why is it important to maintain the ph of blood and tissue fluids within normal limits? check all that apply
Most enzymes require an acidic pH to function properly. Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways. The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent. Hormones require a blood pH of at least 77 to function, A drop in blood pH causes dehydrationThe pH balance plays an important role in the chemical makeup of the human body.
REASONS :
A pH balance simply means that the acid-base balance in the body is generally maintained. The body needs to stay in homeostasis (a stable state) to function optimally.
1.Slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways.
2. The structure and function of macromolecules are pH dependent.
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An important interaction between fungi and plants is a mycorrhiza, which __________ mastering biology
Mycorrhizae are mutualistic associations with plant roots that improve nutrient absorption.
What is mutualistic association?When two species of organisms "collaborate together," each benefits from the relationship.
Mutualism refers to the ecological communication between two or more species in which each species benefits.
The oxpecker which is a type of bird and the rhinoceros or zebra have a mutualistic relationship.
Thus, in the given scenario, it is mutualistic association that is enhancing the nutrient absorption.
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Water has a characteristically ___________ specific heat, making it an important vector (or mechanism) for redistributing heat around the globe
Water has a characteristically high specific heat, making it an important vector (or mechanism) for redistributing heat around the globe.
Specific heat can be defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. The units of specific heat are usually calories or joules per gram per degree Celsius.
The specific heat of water is 1 calorie (or 4.186 joules) per gram per degree Celsius. The incoming radiation from the sun is responsible for warming up the Earth. Water in particular, has a high heat capacity at 4.18 J/g*C, which indicates that more heat is needed to warm a gram of water. This is the reason that throughout a warm summer day, the water in the ocean does not experience a significant change.
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A member of the ________ has been implicated as having a role in obesity.
a. adenoviruses.
b. parvoviruses.
c. herpesviruses.
d. poxviruses.
e. both herpesviruses and poxviruses.
According to the research, the correct option is a. A member of the adenoviruses (a) has been implicated as having a role in obesity.
What are adenoviruses?They are pathogens that are characterized by not having an external cover and that cause respiratory and intestinal tract diseases.
An adenovirus called Adenovirus 36 is identified as one of the causes of obesity, this pathogen produces an accumulation of adipose tissue due to its high adipogenic activity, which simply implies that it promotes fat deposition and growth of adipose or fatty tissue.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is a. A member of the adenoviruses (a) has been implicated as having a role in obesity.
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A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as?
A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as classical conditioning.
In classical conditioning, a stimulus gains the ability to elicit a response that was first elicited by another stimulus. Almost by accident, Pavlov made this type of learning discovery while studying the canine digestive system.
He had surgically inserted a tube into a dog's salivary gland, which was used to collect the saliva the dog made after being given food powder to chew on. Before they were given food, several of Pavlov's dogs started to salivate.
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In master production scheduling, what does available-to-promise (atp) inventory represent?
The available to promise (ATP) inventory represents the difference between the orders that are already booked by the customers and the products that the company is going to produce.
What is the master production schedule?The process of planning by the manufacturers about the type of products to be produced and their quantity during a particular period. It helps in planning the process of production by providing the production team with a clear goal and understanding.
It also helps to plan the purchases needed to be made that are required by the production team for manufacturing. Thus it also determines the investment required for the mentioned purchases.
Hence the master production schedule is the very link by which the sales department and manufacturing department communicate with each other. The Master production schedule is, therefore, a kind of contract between the sales and manufacturing departments where the sales department has made promises which are to be kept by the production department.
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What are the phagocytic specialists?
a. basophils and monocytes
b. basophils and erythrocytes
c. neutrophils and eosinophils
d. neutrophils and macrophages
e. eosinophils and macrophages
The Phagocytic specialists are neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages.
What is Phagocyte?A phagocyte is a special kind of cell that can take in and occasionally digest foreign substances like bacteria, carbon, dust, or dye. By producing vacuoles (cytoplasmic extensions that resemble feet) around the foreign particle, it engulfs foreign materials by extending its cytoplasm into pseudopods. While the bacteria are still inside the vacuole, where digestion occurs, phagocyte enzymes are produced, protecting the phagocyte from any poisons that may be present in the ingested bacteria.Monocytes (macrophages) and neutrophilic leukocytes (microphages), two different subtypes of white blood cells, are phagocytic. Small, granular leukocytes known as neutrophils soon appear at the site of a wound. About three days after infection, monocytes start to appear.They are bigger cells with a large, kidney-shaped nucleus that scavenge for bacteria.
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Hormone released by the duodenum in response to acids and lipids in the duodenum.
Secretin is a 27 amino acid polypeptide hormone produced by S cells of the duodenum in response to a pH between 2 and 4.5 (very acidic).
What is Secretin?Secretin is a 27 amino acid polypeptide hormone produced by S cells of the duodenum in response to a pH between 2 and 4.5. Upon reaching the duodenum, the chyme will be covered with pancreatic juice from the pancreas and with a pH close to 9 thanks to the presence of sodium bicarbonate.
What are the effects of secretin hormones?inhibiting gastric activity and activating the secretion of enzymes and bicarbonate by the pancreas, and of bicarbonate and bile salts by the liver.
With this information, we can conclude that Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions
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What can be determined by exhaustive methylation of an oligosaccharide with ch3i followed by acid hydrolysis?
Methylation analysis and then hydrolysis are utilized to confirm the new oligosaccharide's glycosidic linkage information.
What is an oligosaccharide?
When two or more monosaccharides bind together via O-glycosidic bonds, oligosaccharides are formed.When compared to other, more prevalent carbohydrates, including those in the disaccharide group, oligosaccharides, or carbohydrates with between 3 and 10 single sugar residues, are not as prevalent in the diet.Examples of oligosaccharides: sucrose, lactose and maltose
What is Exhaustive methylation?Exhaustive methylation is the process of adding methyl groups to an alkyl ring until all methylations are complete. Extensive methylation transforms an amine into an alkylammonium salt prior to E2 elimination in the Hofmann elimination reaction sequence.To learn more about exhaustive methylation visit:
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