In a process called transcription, an RNA copy of a gene sequence on the DNA molecule is made.
Transcription is the first step in gene expression. This involves copying the DNA sequence of a gene to create an RNA molecule. Transcription is done by an enzyme called RNA polymerase, which joins nucleotides together to form an RNA chain. All RNA in the cell is made by DNA transcription. This process has some similarities with the process of DNA replication described in the chapter.
Transcription begins by opening and unwinding small sections of the DNA double helix to reveal the bases of each strand of DNA. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template to create pre-mRNA transcripts. Pre-mRNA is processed to form mature mRNA molecules that can be translated to build the protein molecules encoded by the original gene.
Learn more about The DNA molecule here:-https://brainly.com/question/16099437
#SPJ4
3, Describe an example of mutualism with which you are familiar, and that isn't explained in this book.
Answer: An example of mutualism would be the remora fish and shark.
Explanation: The shark gets cleaned and the remora fish gets something to eat. Both benefit from each other.
2. Consider all the "energy" that was "lost" in the food chain during the activity.
In an actual ecosystem how might this energy be used? Explain.
Answer:
Energy that is not used in an ecosystem is eventually lost as heat. Energy and nutrients are passed around through the food chain, when one organism eats another organism. Any energy remaining in a dead organism is consumed by decomposers.
in a protein, the most conformationally restricted amino acid is ______; the least conformationally restricted is ______.
In a protein, the most conformationally restricted amino acid is Proline and the least conformationally restricted is Glycine.
The fact that proline's amino group is involved in bonding, resulting in imino (-NH-) rather than amino (-NH2), which is involved in the formation of a cyclic ring as a side chain, prevents it from being free to confirm. Proline is the most conformationally restricted amino acid due to the cyclic side chain's 60° phi value (angle between N and C').
Because it only has one hydrogen group (-H) in its side chain, glycine has the smallest conformational restriction of any amino acid. Because it is less sterically hindered, its presence in the Ramachandran plot is much greater than the permitted range.
Learn more about Amino acids here: https://brainly.com/question/28362783
#SPJ4
pls help its science plsssssssssss ill give crown
The total number of tall and pretty offspring is two.
using plummet square
In biology, offspring are the young advent of dwelling organisms, produced either via a single organism or, in the case of duplicate, two organisms. Collective offspring may be called a brood or progeny in a greater fashionable way.
TTPp × Ttpp
Total number of gametes = 4
TP
Tp
pT
pt
Now all possible genotypes
1. TTPp = tall pretty
2. Ttpp = tall ugly
3. TtPp = tall pretty
4. Ttpp = tall ugly
a. Number of offspring tall and pretty is 2.
b. Number of offspring tall and ugly is 2.
c. Number of offspring short and pretty is 0.
d. Number of offspring short and ugly is 2.
Learn more about offspring here:-https://brainly.com/question/471576
#SPJ1
if a somatic cell of a diploid organism has 50 chromosomes, there will be [ select ] chromosomes after meiosis. the diploid number is [ select ] and the haploid number is
As a result, if a diploid zygote has 50 chromosomes, it signifies that the diploid organism as a whole has 50 chromosomes, which will be divided in half at the time of gamete creation during meiosis. Consequently, a gamete will have 25 chromosomes.
chromosomal number, the exact number of chromosomes that a certain species typically has. The number of chromosomes in any given asexually reproducing species is constant. The number of chromosomes in somatic (body) cells of sexually reproducing animals is normally diploid (2n; a pair of each chromosome), which is twice as many as the haploid (1n) amount found in the sex cells, or gametes. Meiosis is when the haploid number is formed. Some sexually reproducing creatures can generate individuals from unfertilized eggs, making them haploid; a drone is one example (a male bee).
To know more about chromosome visit here :
https://brainly.com/question/350874
#SPJ4
What can be used to determine the relative age of two rocks? question 13 options: vertical position the presence of unconformities radioactive dating of each layer relative age cannot be determined
The relative age of two rocks can be determined by: radioactive dating of each layer.
Radioactive dating is the method of determining the age of rocks or minerals using the radioactive substances. The method is very useful for determining the age of igneous and metamorphic rocks whose dating cannot be done using any other method.
Rocks are the solid aggregates of minerals, soil and many other components. According to their composition rocks can be of three types: Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed from molten rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed by the layers of sand, silt and dead plants. Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks subjected to heat and pressure.
To know more about radioactive dating, here
brainly.com/question/27527601
#SPJ1
Explain the background context answering why the amendment was passed amendment 3
Amendment is a formal and official change of some important document. Best- known are the amendments to the Constitution of the United States.
There is a formal procedure for passing the amendments.
Although the Third Amendment is rarely discussed in court, the First and Second Amendments receive a lot of attention. No soldier should be quartered in any residence during times of peace or during times of war other than in a way authorized by law, according to the complete text of the legislation.
In reaction to a particularly specific set of circumstances involving the British military in the late 18th century, the U.S. ratified it. Nevertheless, the modification has been discussed or taken into consideration by courts in a few 20th and 21st century judicial instances.
Tens of thousands of men were dispatched by the British Empire to its American colonies between 1754 and 1763 to fight in the French and Indian War for control of the Ohio River region. After then, many of these men remained in the 13 colonies as a standing army. The colonies were required to feed and shelter these soldiers under the Quartering Act, which was approved by the British Parliament in 1765.According to Gordon S. Wood, an emeritus professor of history at Brown University, "the colonists were to provide barracks for the soldiers, and if they were not available, the men were to be billeted in inns, stables, and alehouses." If they weren't enough, the governors and councils of the provinces were allowed to shelter the soldiers in abandoned homes, barns, and other structures.To know more about Amendment please click here : https://brainly.com/question/687600
#SPJ13
Why do we need to include a search for the piece of dna that codes for tubulin if we are really only interested in finding, in this case, a commonly used gmo sequence?.
We need to observe the sequence of the gene that codes for tubulin because it may be used as a consensus sequence in order to find GMO organisms based on the significant differences in that sequence.
What is a consensus sequence?A consensus sequence is a nucleotide DNA sequence of an organism that contains the most common nucleotides at each position, which indicates that the sequence derives from a common origin.
A consensus sequence may be very useful to determine if an organism is part of the same lineage group and or taxonomic group, and common genes encoded by a group such as a tubulin gene can be used to find significant differences in a sequence alignment.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the consensus sequence of the tubulin gene may be really useful to determine if an organism belongs to a taxonomic group.
Learn more about the consensus sequence here:
https://brainly.com/question/14507459
#SPJ1
Briefly explain how the collateral ligaments and the cruciate ligaments of the knee stabilize the knee by preventing specific movements between the tibia and femur
The collateral ligaments and the cruciate ligaments of the knee stabilize the knee by crossing each other to form an X and joining to bones like the femur, patella, and tibia to provide preventing specific movements like side movements.
The two medial and sidelong collateral tendons work together to permit your knee to move accurately, whereas the front and back cruciate tendons limit it from moving within the off-base heading.
The quadriceps muscles work together with your hamstrings and tendons to stabilize your knees and permit them to work the way they are gathered to.
The lateral collateral tendon (LCL) is on the external side of your knee. It interfaces your femur to your calf bone (fibula). The collateral tendons anticipate the knee from moving side to side as well.
Cruciate tendons are the interior of your knee joint and interface your femur to your tibia. They cross each other to form an X.
The cruciate is the foremost vital knee tendon in giving soundness to the knee. There are two cruciate tendons, the front (ACL) and the back (PCL).
They sit profoundly interior of the center of the joint connecting to the tibia and femur. They cross over each other, thus their title, and take after the St Andrews Cross (X).
Learn more about ligaments at
https://brainly.com/question/28138354
#SPJ1
Without sufficient vitamin e, red blood cells in infants can rupture due to a condition called _________whereby the infant can become anemic.
Without sufficient Vitamin E, red blood cells in infants can rupture due to a condition called Anemia, whereby the infant can become anemic.
Anemia- When there are insufficient healthy red blood cells that deliver oxygen to our body's organs, anemia develops. As a result, feeling cold and signs of fatigue or weakness are frequent. Anemia comes in a variety of forms, but iron-deficiency anemia is the most prevalent.
Vitamin E- The chromanol ring with such a side chain at the C2 position makes up the chemical structure of vitamin E, a lipid-soluble molecule obtained from plants. Eight distinct substances are referred to as vitamin E, including the four tocotrienols that correspond to each of the four tocopherols.
To know more about the Anemia, click on the below link,
https://brainly.com/question/15082500
#SPJ1
What has bacteriochlorophylls and uses alcohols for carbon?
Photoheterotrophs have bacteriochlorophylls and obtain carbon from alcohols.
Photoheterotrophs are heterotrophic organisms that obtain their energy from light. They also cannot rely solely on carbon dioxide as a carbon source. They make use of organic compounds found in nature. Heterotrophs are the food chain's consumers, including herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Heterotrophs include all animals, some fungi, and the majority of bacteria. They are unable to produce their own food. As a result, they meet their energy needs by feeding on organic matter or another organism. Photoheterotrophs are microorganisms that get the majority of their carbon from organic compounds in their environment. Purple non-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria are among these organisms.
Learn morew about Photoheterotrophs here:
https://brainly.com/question/1593720
#SPJ4
Note that the mating calls of the two species are similar in areas where only one of the two species is present, but markedly different in areas where both species live. State an explanation for this.
It explains the exclusion principle, that two species can't coexist if they occupy exactly the same niche.
The aggressive exclusion precept tells us that two species cannot have precisely an equal area of interest in habitat and stably coexist. this is due to the fact species with equal niches also have the same desires, which means that they might compete for exactly equal sources.
Begin superscript, 1, end superscript. every species fits into an ecological network in its own special manner and has its personal tolerable levels for lots of environmental elements.
Two related species or populations are taken into consideration sympatric once they exist inside an equal geographic area and for that reason often stumble upon each other. First of all interbreeding populace that splits into or greater distinct species sharing a commonplace range exemplifies sympatric speciation.
Learn more about species here:-https://brainly.com/question/25939248
#SPJ1
Nicotine binds to acetylcholine receptors at the synaptic cleft. Which is a likely effect of nicotine?.
Answer:nicio
Explanation:
Nicotine binds to acetylcholine receptors to the synaptic cleft. This will enable Na⁺ flux into the postsynaptic neuron in the absence of a presynaptic action potential.
What is Synaptic cleft?Synaptic cleft is the space between two neurons across which the impulse is transmitted by a neurotransmitter. The neuron which transmits the signals are known as presynaptic neurons and the neurons which receives the signal are known as postsynaptic neurons.
Nicotine similar to Acetylcholine (ACh), is a nicotinic receptor agonist. The binding of nicotine and ACh to the nicotinic receptors on the plasma membrane cause a conformational change that either opens or closes the ion channels of the receptors, thereby changing the receptors' functional state.
Learn more about Synaptic cleft here:
https://brainly.com/question/6346282
#SPJ6
The nervous system in an organism helps direct the body.
Which cell part provides a similar function in cells?
A.cell membrane
B. nucleus
C. chloroplast
D. mitochondria
Answer: chloroplast
Explanation: Hope this helped
Answer:
C
Explanation:
hope it helps and have a nice day !!! :)
Brainiest is appreciated it would really help
The site of transaction
Which of these is an example of a positive feedback loop?
Can you put a picture so we can actually answer and can i get a free Brainliest
Cellular respiration and fermentation are metabolic pathways that transfer the energy in glucose to ______________________.
Cellular respiration and fermentation are metabolic pathways that transfer the energy in glucose to ATP.
Specifically, the energy held in glucose is converted to ATP during cellular respiration and fermentation. The chemical energy the cell can use is called ATP, or adenosine triphosphate.
What is the process of fermentation?
In the absence of oxygen, carbohydrates are broken down by the enzymes of microorganisms during fermentation. Because they possess distinctive sets of metabolic genes, microorganisms like bacteria and fungus are able to develop enzymes that can break down various kinds of sugar compounds.
To know more about cellular respiration, click on https://brainly.com/question/2809259
#SPJ4
In an nmj, after acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft, where does it bind to ligand-gated channels?.
Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction after it binds to ligand-gated channels on the sarcolemma.
What is sarcolemma?The sarcolemma refers to the plasma membrane found in muscular cells which may suffer changes in the potential of the membrane to release neurotransmitters in response to stimuli from the environment, while the muscular junctions refers to the association between a particular motor nerve neuron and the muscle cell.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the sarcolemma is a structure excitable by neurotransmitters, which occurs in the muscular junction.
Learn more about the sarcolemma in the muscular junctions here:
https://brainly.com/question/12904484
#SPJ1
Which plant species is most likely to use a C4 pathway? Was it more efficient at all temperatures?
Only about 3% of all land plant species use the C4 pathway, but they dominate nearly all grasslands in the tropics, subtropics, and warm temperate zones. Additionally, C4 plants include very productive crops.
What is the C4 pathway ?The C4 Pathway Plants that utilize the C4 pathway are referred to as C4 plants since it is built to effectively repair CO₂ at low concentrations. These plants convert CO₂ into oxaloacetate, a C4 molecule with four carbons. This takes place in cells known as mesophyll cells.
What is increased via the C4 pathway?A biological CO₂ pumping mechanism called C4 photosynthesis is responsible for raising the CO₂ concentration at the Rubisco site. A high CO₂ environment surrounding Rubisco slows down photorespiration and boosts net CO₂ uptake, resulting in extremely effective photosynthesis.
To know more about C4 pathway visit:
https://brainly.com/question/2836922
#SPJ13
What should a writer do when getting stuck while developing a draft?
O A.
Outline what the writer has already written and add more from there.
© в.
Try another brainstorming technique to generate more ideas.
© C.
Select another organizational structure to present the ideas.
• D.
Go back to the beginning of the draft and start again.
Try another brainstorming technique to generate more ideas which what a writer should do when getting stuck while developing a draft and is denoted as option B.
What is a Draft?This is referred to as the drawing up of plans and is usually the first writing done by the individual before subsequent corrections are arrangements are done to make the actual writing more meaningful and presentable to the public or the authority involved.
In a situation where a writer gets stuck when writing it, it is best to try another brainstorming technique to generate more ideas which is the most appropriate choice.
Read more about Draft here https://brainly.com/question/1221207
#SPJ1
Please help!!!
I’ll give you a Brainiest
The coils of a radiator provide a large surface area from which heat is radiated into a room. Which organelles have a structure similar to that of a radiator? How is their structure related to their function?
*Answer in a paragraph for using 5-7 sentences
Explanation:
The same structure can be found in the cell organelle Mitochondria. These coils are called cristae. These cristae are helpful for increasing the surface area inside the organelle to increase the ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) which is the energy "currency" of the cell.
The three bacterial shapes in Model 1 are referred to as coccus (sphere), spirillum, and bacillus (rod). Label the diagrams in Model 1 with the correct descriptions.
Bacteria are known to have different types of shape. the tissue that is the small dot found in each of the bacteria cells is the ribosomes.
What are bacteria?Bacteria are unicellular organisms belonging to the prokaryotic group where the organisms lack a few organelles and a true nucleus.
Bacteria are noted for having straightforward body plans. Bacteria are prokaryotic creatures because they are single-celled microorganisms without a nucleus or other cell organelles.
They are also exceptionally adaptable organisms, able to endure in hostile environments. Extremophiles are such organisms. Extremophiles are further divided into several categories according to the habitats they live in: Thermophiles, Acidophiles, Alkaliphiles,Osmophiles, Barophiles,Cryophiles.
Learn more about bacteria here :
brainly.com/question/8695285
#SPJ13
decide whether each enzyme is needed for typical prokaryotic chromosome replication only, typical eukaryotic chromosome replication only, or for replication of both chromosome types.
Each enzyme is needed for the replication of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosome types.
How does prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication differ?
The primary distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication is that prokaryotic DNA replication occurs through a single replication origin, whereas eukaryotic DNA replication occurs through multiple replication origins.
There are three major types of polymerases found in prokaryotes: DNA pol I, DNA pol II, and DNA pol III. DNA pol III is now known to be the enzyme required for DNA synthesis, while DNA pol I and II are primarily required for repair. They are replicated by the action of telomerase, a unique enzyme that can keep telomeres alive by catalyzing their synthesis in the absence of a DNA template.
Therefore, specific enzymes are needed for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
Learn more about prokaryotic chromosomes from the given link.
https://brainly.com/question/451954
#SPJ4
flies are scavengers and tend to break down dead organisms. based on this information, what is a plant characteristic that would best attract flies?(1 point)
Scavengers are organisms that eat other living things after they have died. The majority of scavengers are drawn to flowers that smell foul.
What are Scavenger ?A scavenger is an organism that primarily consumes decomposing biomass in an ecosystem, such as animal carcasses or rotting plant matter. Carnivores include many types of scavengers. An organism that consumes meat is a carnivore.
The best illustration of a scavenger is a vulture. Coyote, Striped Hyena, Jackals, Bottle flies, Ants, Beetles, etc. are further examples of scavengers.Decomposers and scavengers consume dead things and break them down into their component chemicals for food. Then, plants and animals may utilise nitrogen, carbon, and other nutrients once more. The planet would be covered in dead plants and animals if scavengers and decomposers didn't exist. as deceased organisms cannot decompose.Learn more about Scavenger here:
https://brainly.com/question/259333
#SPJ1
The round body that sits inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal rna is known as the.
Nucleolus is the round body that sits inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA.
What is ribosomal RNA?
Bi-somatic RNA Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA), which is the RNA component of the ribosome in molecular biology, is necessary for protein synthesis in all living things. It makes up the majority of the ribosome, which is made up of roughly 60% rRNA and 40% protein by weight.
The largest nuclear organelle, the nucleolus, is where ribosomal subunit biogenesis mostly occurs in eukaryotic cells. It forms specialized chromosomal structures called nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), which are the locations of ribosomal DNA transcription. These NORs are formed around arrays of ribosomal DNA genes.
Hence the correct answer is Nucleolus.
To learn more about ribosomal RNA from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/930760
#SPJ4
List 4 ways of how can you apply macromolecules to real world situations?
An example would be knowing if someone has a food allergy to a specific macromolecule by testing their stomach contents.
The ways that one can apply macromolecules to situations include:
Macromolecules promote structural integrity.
They serve as a reservoir for stored energy, Have the capacity to store and retrieve
genetic data, and can They speed up metabolic processes.
What is a macromolecule?
A macromolecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, is a very big molecule crucial to biophysical processes. It is made up of many atoms that are covalently bound. There are numerous macromolecules that are polymers of monomers, or smaller molecules.
Since macromolecules are composed of repeated monomer subunits, they are sometimes referred to as polymers, which means "many" units. Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins are examples of the four biological macromolecules of life. Protein makes up a sizable portion of our bodies' dry weight or the weight that is not water, which makes up a sizable portion of the total. Protein makes up a very high percentage of the substance in our organs (including the skin), glands, and body fluids. For example, our bones are roughly one-fourth protein. The entire animal kingdom, including the animals we feed and the bacteria that invade our bodies, is mostly constituted of protein, not just humans.
Why is the Cell Membrane most important?
Which numbered cellular structure in the cell provides external support as well as protection for the cell?
4
1
3
2
3
question mode multiple choice question a(n) vector actively participates in the life cycle of the pathogen.
A biological vector actively participates in the life cycle of the pathogen.
The correct option is D.
What is pathogen ?An organism that infects its host with disease is referred to as a pathogen, and the severity of the clinical disease is referred to it as virulence. Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, multicellular and unicellular eukaryotes, as well as other taxonomically diverse organisms.
What is a pathogen example?Pathogens are microorganisms that infect the body and can harm health. They include viruses, germs, fungus, and worms. Anthrax, HIV, Epstein-Barr, and the Zika virus are just a few examples of infections that can lead to life-threatening illnesses.
To know more about Pathogen visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28148146
#SPJ4
The complete question is -
A(n) _____ vector actively participates in the life cycle of the pathogen.
A-mechanical
B-line
C-euclidean
D-biological
which organisms and set of characteristics are correctly paired?
(1) Fungal life engages in photosynthesis and heterotrophic feeding
(2) Plants—conduct autotrophic nutrition and
3) respiration Decomposers
which engage in photosynthesis and autotrophic nutrition
(4) Animals—perform both heterotrophic and autotrophic nutrition
Because each creature differs in its properties, no two organisms have exactly the same number and kind of cells.There are many different kinds of organisms on Earth, some of which are complex, such as plants and animals, and which are multicellular because they include a lot of cells.But not every organism is the same. Some, like bacteria or algae, are distinguished by having just one cell.However, not every organism has the same kind of cell. Prokaryotic cells, or cells without a clearly defined nucleus, are present in some. An creature having prokaryotic cells includes things like:BacteriaEukaryotes, which are cells that do have a distinct nucleus, can be found in humans, plants, and animals.
1) Is untrue because fungus lack photosynthesis.
Since decomposers lack photosynthesis, statement three is false.
2) Animals do not have autotrophic feeding, hence the statement is false.
3) is accurate since animals utilise photosynthesis for autotrophic nourishment and breathe just like other living things.
To know more about Organisms please click here : https://brainly.com/question/17259533
To know more about Photosynthesis please click here : https://brainly.com/question/19160081
#SPJ10
