In a sealed container, the rate of dissolving of a soluble ionic solid is equal to the rate of crystallization of the ions. For this process, we would expect:

Answers

Answer 1

For the process of dissolving a soluble ionic solid in a sealed container, we would expect the rate of dissolving to be equal to the rate of crystallization of the ions.

When an ionic solid dissolves in a solvent, the solid breaks down into its constituent ions, which then interact with the solvent molecules to form a solution.

In a sealed container, the concentration of ions in the solution will increase over time as more solid dissolves. However, as the concentration of ions increases, the rate at which the solid dissolves will decrease, and the rate at which the ions recombine to form solid will increase.

Eventually, a dynamic equilibrium will be established, where the rate of dissolving is equal to the rate of crystallization.
Therefore, for a sealed container containing a soluble ionic solid, we would expect the rate of dissolving to be equal to the rate of crystallization of the ions, resulting in a dynamic equilibrium.

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Related Questions

The chemical reaction for the generation of N2 gas in an automobile safety air bag is: 2NaN3 --> 2Na + 3N2.
What volume of gas is produced if there is 134.8 grams of NaN3 used in the reaction? (Assume the reaction occurs at STP).

Answers

Approximately 69.7 liters of nitrogen gas (N2) are produced when 134.8 grams of sodium azide (NaN3) are used in the reaction at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

In order to find the volume of nitrogen gas (N2) produced from the given reaction at STP, we'll first need to convert the given mass of sodium azide (NaN3) into moles, and then use the stoichiometry of the reaction to determine the moles of N2 produced. Finally, we'll convert the moles of N2 into volume using the molar volume of an ideal gas at STP.

1. Calculate moles of NaN3:
Given mass of NaN3 = 134.8 g
Molar mass of NaN3 = 65.01 g/mol (22.99 g/mol for Na + 42.02 g/mol for N3)
Moles of NaN3 = 134.8 g / 65.01 g/mol ≈ 2.075 moles

2. Determine moles of N2 produced:
According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of NaN3 produce 3 moles of N2.
Moles of N2 = (2.075 moles NaN3) * (3 moles N2 / 2 moles NaN3) ≈ 3.112 moles of N2

3. Convert moles of N2 to volume:
At STP, 1 mole of an ideal gas occupies 22.4 L.
Volume of N2 = (3.112 moles N2) * (22.4 L/mol) ≈ 69.7 L

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What would be the primary species in solution at the first equivalence point in the titration curve for H2CO3 titrated with LiOH?
a. H2CO3 and OH-
b. HCO3-
c. H2CO3 and HCO3-
d. HCO3- and CO32-
e. CO32- and OH

Answers

The first equivalence point in the titration of H2CO3 (carbonic acid) with LiOH (lithium hydroxide) occurs when all the H2CO3 has been converted to its conjugate base HCO3-. At this point, the primary species in solution would be HCO3- and Li+. Therefore, the correct answer is b. HCO3-.

Carbonic acid is a carbon-containing compound which has the chemical formula H2CO3. Solutions of carbon dioxide in water contain small amounts of this compound. Its chemical formula can also be written as OC(OH)2 since there exists one carbon-oxygen double bond in this compound.

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Which model does a base contain the hydroxide group and dissolves to produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solution?

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The model that a base contains the hydroxide group and dissolves to produce hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution is known as the Arrhenius model.

According to this model, a base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-) and a cation. This reaction results in the formation of an aqueous solution that contains hydroxide ions, which are responsible for the basic properties of the solution.

The hydroxide ion is a negatively charged ion made up of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom. When a base is dissolved in water, it dissociates into its constituent ions, including hydroxide ions. This process is known as ionization, and it occurs because the water molecules surround and separate the ions in the solution.

It is important to note that not all substances that contain the hydroxide group are bases according to the Arrhenius model. For example, some metal hydroxides are not considered bases because they do not dissociate completely in water to produce hydroxide ions. Instead, they form a complex ion that includes the metal cation and hydroxide ions.

In summary, the Arrhenius model defines a base as a substance that contains the hydroxide group and dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution. This model is important for understanding the basic properties of solutions and the behavior of bases in chemical reactions.

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Which base is strong enough to completely deprotonate 1-octyne (remove an H+)?
a. NaF
b. NaOH
c. NH3
d. NaNH2
e. CH3NH2

Answers

The base that is strong enough to completely deprotonate 1-octyne (remove an H+) is (d) NaNH2 as it donates electrons.

A strong base is one that readily donates electrons and can efficiently remove a proton (H+) from a compound. Significant bases are substances that easily separate into hydroxide ions (OH-) in water and have a significant affinity for protons (H+). Strong bases often consist of one or more hydroxide anions, a metal cation, and an ionic compound. Examples of such compounds include sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Strong bases are extremely reactive and, if handled improperly, can result in chemical burns and tissue damage.

Strong bases are frequently employed in chemical synthesis and in the workplace for tasks including cleaning, making soaps and detergents, and treating wastewater. They are also employed in laboratories for a range of tasks like extractions, titrations, and pH changes.

In the given options:

a. NaF is a salt, not a base.
b. NaOH is a strong base, but not strong enough for the complete deprotonation of 1-octyne.
c. NH3 is a weak base.
e. CH3NH2 is also a weak base.

Therefore, the strongest base in this list, which is capable of completely deprotonating 1-octyne, is:

d. NaNH2 (sodium amide)

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Density is
A the same as the object's weight.
B the volume divided by the mass (D = v/m).
C the amount of matter that occupies a given amount of space.
D the same as the size of the object.

Answers

B the volume divided by the mass

the pressure gradient (δp) driving blood flow through the systemic circuit is equated to the

Answers

The pressure gradient (δp) driving blood flow through the systemic circuit is equated to the difference between the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the mean venous pressure (MVP).

This pressure gradient represents the force that propels blood flow from the arteries, through the capillaries where exchange of nutrients and waste occurs, and into the veins that return blood back to the heart.

The MAP is the average pressure exerted by blood on the walls of arteries during one cardiac cycle and is usually around 90 mmHg in a healthy adult at rest. The MVP is the average pressure in the venous system and is typically around 10 mmHg in a healthy adult.

Therefore, the pressure gradient (δp) can be calculated as:

δp = MAP - MVP

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29) Classify the following compounds as weak bases (W) or strong bases (S):
methylamine carbonate ion potassium hydroxide
A) W W S B) S S S C) S W W D) W S S E) W S W

Answers

The correct classification is:
Methylamine - Weak (W)
Carbonate ion - Weak (W)
Potassium hydroxide - Strong (S)
Thus, the correct option is : (A) WWS


Methylamine is a weak base (W) because it only partially ionizes in water.
Carbonate ion is also a weak base (W) as it doesn't completely dissociate in water.
Potassium hydroxide is a strong base (S) because it fully dissociates into hydroxide ions in water.

Strong bases are those that totally ionize in water and yield a lot of hydroxide ions. Bases that only partially ionize in water and produce a little quantity of hydroxide ions are referred to as weak bases. Strong bases include KOH and NaOH. Weak bases include Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH), and NH4OH.

Therefore, the correct answer is : (A).

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Which equation relates ΔG, Keq, and ln

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The equation that relates ΔG, Keq, and ln is ΔG = -RT ln(Keq), where ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy, Keq is the equilibrium constant, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

The relationship between Gibbs free energy, equilibrium constant, and natural logarithm can be described by the equation ΔG = -RT ln(Keq), which is also known as the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. This equation is used to calculate the change in Gibbs free energy during a chemical reaction, based on the equilibrium constant and temperature.

The negative sign in front of RT ln(Keq) indicates that a negative change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) corresponds to a favorable reaction, while a positive ΔG indicates an unfavorable reaction. The equation can also be rearranged to solve for Keq or temperature, depending on the variables given in the problem.

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A process in which an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reactionis known as

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A process where an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage to drive a nonspontaneous reaction is known as electrolysis.

In electrolysis, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, enabling the occurrence of redox reactions that wouldn't happen spontaneously. This process is widely used in industries for purposes such as metal plating, extraction of metals from ores, and production of chemicals like chlorine and sodium hydroxide. The key components of an electrolytic cell include a power source, electrodes, and an electrolyte to facilitate the redox reactions.

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Using the data in the table, calculate the rate constant of this reaction.
A+B⟶C+D
Trial [] () [] () Rate (M/s)
1 0.240 0.260 0.0126
2 0.240 0.728 0.0988
3 0.432 0.260 0.0227
=
0.777
Units
M−2s−1

Answers

The rate constant of the reaction A + B → C + D is 0.107 M⁻² s⁻¹.

To determine the rate constant of the reaction A + B → C + D using the given data, we need to use the rate equation for a second-order reaction:

rate = k[A][B]

where k is the rate constant, [A] and [B] are the concentrations of reactants A and B, respectively.

Using the data from Trial 1, we have:

rate = k[A][B] = 0.0126 M/s

[A] = 0.240 M

[B] = 0.260 M

Substituting these values into the rate equation and solving for k, we get:

k = rate / ([A][B]) = 0.0126 M/s / (0.240 M × 0.260 M) = 0.202 M⁻² s⁻¹

Similarly, we can calculate the rate constants for Trials 2 and 3 using the same equation and the corresponding concentrations and rates:

k = 0.0988 M⁻² s⁻¹ (Trial 2)

k = 0.0227 M⁻² s⁻¹(Trial 3)

The average rate constant for the three trials is:

k = (0.202 + 0.0988 + 0.0227) / 3 = 0.107 M⁻² s⁻¹

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49. How many moles of products are in this chemical equation?CH 4 ( g ) + 2 O 2 ( g ) ---> CO 2 ( g ) + 2 H 2 O( g ) a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 6.02 x 10^23

Answers

The number of moles of products is 3. So, the correct option is b.

Mass of 1 mole of methane = 16 grams

Here,

The given balanced reaction is the oxidation reaction of methane gas.

In the balanced chemical equation, one mole of methane (CH₄) is reacted with 2 moles of oxygen (O₂) to form one mole of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and 2 moles of water molecules (H₂O).

So, we can say that the total number of moles of products, that are 1 CO₂ and 2 H₂O.

Therefore,

The number of moles of products = 1 + 2 = 3

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40. Propane gas burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. The reactants in this reaction are propane and a. energy. b. oxygen. c. carbon dioxide. d. water.

Answers

Option B is correct. The reactants in the given reaction are propane and oxygen. Propane gas burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

Its main applications include drying clothes, heating homes and water, preparing and storing food, and powering farm and industrial machinery. Additionally, the production of plastics and other compounds uses propane as a raw material in the chemical industry.

Burning propane gas is a chemical process because oxygen and propane atoms rearrange to create new compounds as a result of the reaction.

Chemical changes are those that occur when a substance's chemical composition is changed and a new compound is created. These changes are long-lasting, the result of chemical reactions, and they might even be imperceptible to the eye. Burning propane results in a chemical shift because oxygen and propane are transformed into water and carbon dioxide at the atomic level.

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Cellular respiration is able to extract about 38% of the potential energy from glucose. what happens to the rest of the energy? Give an example

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The rest of the energy that is not extracted from glucose during cellular respiration is released as heat.

The rest of the energy that is not extracted from glucose during cellular respiration is released as heat. This is because cellular respiration is not a perfectly efficient process, and some energy is lost as heat due to the second law of thermodynamics.

For example, let's say a cell undergoes cellular respiration and produces 38 units of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from the breakdown of one molecule of glucose. This is the maximum amount of ATP that can be produced from one molecule of glucose through cellular respiration. However, the breakdown of glucose also generates heat as a byproduct, and this heat energy cannot be used by the cell to do work. Therefore, the remaining energy not used to produce ATP is released into the environment as heat. This is why we feel warm when we exercise - our cells are producing heat as a byproduct of cellular respiration.

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Magnesium oxide and ammonium bromide react to produce ammonia gas, NH_3, water, and magnesium bromide. If 152 g of magnesium oxide are reacted with 595 g of ammonium bromide, 74.2 g of ammonia are produced. What is the percent yield for this reaction

Answers

The percent yield for 152 g of magnesium oxide are reacted with 595 g of ammonium bromide, 74.2 g of ammonia is 68.2%.

The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

MgO + 2NH₄Br -> MgBr₂ + 2H₂O + 2NH₃

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of MgO reacts with 2 moles of NH₄Br to produce 2 moles of NH₃. We can use this information to calculate the theoretical yield of NH₃:

152 g MgO / 40.31 g/mol MgO = 3.77 mol MgO

595 g NH₄Br / 97.94 g/mol NH₄Br = 6.07 mol NH₄Br (since there are 2 NH₄Br for every 1 MgO)

3.77 mol MgO x (2 mol NH₃ / 1 mol MgO) = 7.54 mol NH₃ (theoretical yield)

The percent yield is then calculated as:

(actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%

Substituting in the given values, we get

(74.2 g NH₃ / 7.54 mol NH₃ x 17.03 g/mol NH₃) x 100%

= 68.2%

Therefore, the percent yield for this reaction is 68.2%.

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Alan is a member of the city council. he wants to promote the use of solar power as a sustainable energy source for the businesses in the city. which policy would be the most effective in helping him to achieve that goal?

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One effective policy for Alan to promote the use of solar power as a sustainable energy source for businesses in the city would be to offer tax incentives for businesses that adopt solar power. This would encourage businesses to invest in solar power and make it a more cost-effective option for them.

Additionally, Alan could work to create partnerships with local solar power companies to provide educational resources and support to businesses looking to make the switch. By implementing these policies, Alan can help make solar power a more accessible and attractive option for businesses in the city. Residential residences, as well as huge commercial or industrial sites, can all have solar power systems installed. The surplus energy produced by a solar power system may even be sold back to the grid in some circumstances. They can be used to augment or replace conventional grid-based electricity. The efficiency of the PV cells itself, weather conditions, the angle and orientation of the solar panels, and other variables can all affect how successful solar power systems are.

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If the rate law for the reaction
2A + 3B --> products
is second order in A and first order in B, then the rate law is rate = ___.

Answers

If the reaction is second order in A and first order in B, the rate law for the reaction 2A + 3B --> products can be written as:

rate = k[A]^2[B]^1

where k is the rate constant, [A] represents the concentration of A, and [B] represents the concentration of B.

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The peptide bond is stronger than the ester bond. What structural feature of the peptide bond gives it additional bond strength

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The peptide bond is indeed stronger than the ester bond, and its additional strength is due to its structural features.

The peptide bond is a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group (-COOH) of one amino acid and the amino group ([tex]-NH_2[/tex]) of another amino acid. This bond is formed by a condensation reaction, where a molecule of water is released.

The unique structural feature of the peptide bond is its partial double bond character, which arises due to the resonance between the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom and the adjacent carbonyl carbon atom. This resonance creates a planar structure, with the peptide bond being nearly rigid and incapable of rotation.

The partial double bond character and the planar structure of the peptide bond result in the formation of strong dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds between adjacent peptide bonds, leading to the formation of a stable and rigid polypeptide backbone.

This makes the peptide bond stronger than the ester bond, which lacks the partial double bond character and the planar structure.

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22) The correct IUPAC name for the following structure is ________.
A) (Z) 4-isopropyl-4-hepten-2-yne
B) (E) 4-isopropyl-3-hepten-5-yne
C) (E) 4-isopropyl-4-hepten-2-yne
D) (Z) 4-isopropyl-3-hepten-5-yne

Answers

The correct IUPAC name for the given structure is 4-isopropyl-4-hepten-2-yne.

So, the correct answer is E.

Determine the IUPAC name

This name is derived from the following observations:

1. The longest continuous carbon chain contains seven carbons, resulting in a "hept" prefix.

2. There is a triple bond between carbons 2 and 3, so "-2-yne" is included in the name.

3. There is a double bond between carbons 4 and 5, giving the "-4-en" part of the name.

4. An isopropyl group is attached to carbon 4, leading to the "4-isopropyl" descriptor.

5. The (E) configuration is used because the higher priority groups (based on atomic number) are on opposite sides of the double bond.

Combining these observations gives the name: (E) 4-isopropyl-4-hepten-2-yne.

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Hybrid orbitals are formed by the combination or "mixing" of _______ orbitals from a specific atom. The number of hybrid orbitals formed is ______ to/than the number of orbitals mixed, and the _______ of hybrid orbitals varies according to the specific orbitals mixed.

Answers

Hybrid orbitals are formed by mixing atomic orbitals from a specific atom. The number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to the number of orbitals mixed, and the shape varies accordingly.


Hybrid orbitals are formed by the combination or "mixing" of atomic orbitals from a specific atom.

The number of hybrid orbitals formed is equal to the number of orbitals mixed, which means that if two atomic orbitals combine, two hybrid orbitals will be formed, and so on.

The shape of hybrid orbitals varies according to the specific orbitals mixed.

For example, when an s and a p orbital combine, sp hybrid orbitals are formed, which have a linear shape.

Similarly, when one s and two p orbitals combine, sp2 hybrid orbitals are formed, which have a trigonal planar shape.

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Why might uracil be excluded from DNA but NOT RNA?
A. Uracil is much more difficult to synthesize than thymine
B. Uracil binds adenine too strongly for replication
C. Cytosine degradation results in uracil
D. Uracil is used as a DNA synthesis activator

Answers

Uracil might be excluded from DNA but NOT RNA because DNA has evolved to use thymine instead of uracil as one of its four nucleotide bases. This is likely due to the fact that thymine is more stable than uracil with greater protection.

It provides a greater level of protection against mutations caused by spontaneous deamination. RNA, on the other hand, is not as stable as DNA and can tolerate the presence of uracil without significant consequences. Additionally, RNA often plays a role in catalyzing chemical reactions, and the presence of uracil may be beneficial for these processes.

Because DNA has evolved to have a higher fidelity than RNA, uracil is not included in DNA but is not in RNA.

Uranium is not generally found in the DNA of living things, and its inclusion in DNA would increase the possibility of mistakes occurring during DNA replication. Instead, thymine is utilised, which resembles uracil structurally but differs in that it has an additional methyl group that aids in stabilising the DNA strand and lowering replication mistakes.

However, uracil is used in place of thymine in RNA. This is so that the absence of uracil is less important because RNA is often less stable than DNA and is more susceptible to mutations.

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What is the pH of a buffer solution that is 0.24 M NH3 and 0.20 M NH4Cl? Ka of NH4+ is 5.6*10^-10.

Answers

The pH of a buffer solution containing 0.24 M [tex]NH_3[/tex] and 0.20 M [tex]NH_4Cl[/tex] is 9.34.

To find the pH of the buffer solution, we need to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

In this case, [tex]NH_3[/tex]  (ammonia) is the base ([tex]A^-[/tex]) and [tex]NH_4Cl[/tex] (ammonium chloride) is the acid (HA). The pKa of [tex]NH_4^+[/tex] is given as 5.6*10^-10.

First, we need to find the concentration of [tex]NH4^+[/tex]:

[tex]NH_4^+[/tex] + [tex]H_2O[/tex] ⇌ [tex]NH_3[/tex] + [tex]H_3O^+[/tex]

Ka = [tex][NH_3][H_3O^+] / [NH_4^+][/tex]

5.6*10^-10 = (0.24-x)(x) / (0.20+x)

Assuming x is much smaller than 0.20, we can simplify this to:

5.6*10^-10 = (0.24)(x) / (0.20)

x = 1.68*10^-10 M

So the concentration of [tex]NH_4^+[/tex] is 1.68*10^-10 M.

Now we can plug this into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = 9.26 + log(0.24/0.20)

pH = 9.26 + 0.084

pH = 9.34

Therefore, the pH of the buffer solution is 9.34.

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Which model of acids and bases state that an acid contains the element hydrogen and form ions of this element when it is dissolved in water?

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The model of acids and bases that states that an acid contains the element hydrogen and form ions of this element when it is dissolved in water is the Arrhenius model.

According to this model, an acid is defined as a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+) while a base is defined as a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-).

The Arrhenius model is based on the concept of electrolytes and their behavior in aqueous solutions. When an acid dissolves in water, it donates a proton (H+) to the water molecule, forming a hydronium ion (H3O+). This process is known as protonation. Similarly, when a base dissolves in water, it accepts a proton from the water molecule, forming a hydroxide ion (OH-).

One limitation of the Arrhenius model is that it only applies to aqueous solutions and does not account for the behavior of acids and bases in non-aqueous solvents or in the absence of water. Another limitation is that it does not account for the acidic and basic properties of substances that do not contain hydrogen or hydroxide ions.

Other models of acids and bases have been developed to overcome these limitations, such as the Bronsted-Lowry model and the Lewis model. The Bronsted-Lowry model defines an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor, while the Lewis model defines an acid as an electron pair acceptor and a base as an electron pair donor.

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What happens to the pressure of an ideal gas inside a container if the temperature increases from 10 oC to 100 oC but the volume and amount of gas remains constant

Answers

If the volume and amount of gas remains constant, the pressure of an ideal gas inside a container will increase if the temperature increases from 10 oC to 100 oC.

This relationship is described by the Ideal Gas Law, which states that the pressure (P), volume (V), amount of gas (n), and temperature (T) of an ideal gas are related by the equation PV = nRT, where R is the gas constant. If the volume and amount of gas remain constant, the equation can be rearranged to give P/T = constant. This means that if the temperature of the gas increases, the pressure must also increase in order to keep the ratio P/T constant.

Therefore, if the temperature of an ideal gas inside a container increases from 10 oC to 100 oC, and the volume and amount of gas remain constant, the pressure of the gas will increase. This relationship is important in many applications, such as in the design and operation of engines and other devices that use gases.

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A sample of argon gas occupies 24.5 L at 345K and 0.980 atm. This sample contains how many moles of argon?

Answers

The number of moles of argon in the sample can be calculated by using the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.

We are given the volume, pressure, and temperature of the sample, so we can rearrange the equation to solve for n. n = PV/RT = (0.980 atm)(24.5 L)/(0.0821 atm•L/mol•K)(345K) = 7.37 mol.

Therefore, the sample of argon gas contains 7.37 moles of argon.

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At constant temperature, reducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium mixture causes the system to shift in the direction that __________ the number of moles of gas.

Answers

At constant temperature, reducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium mixture causes the system to shift in the direction that reduces the number of moles of gas.

This is known as Le Chatelier's principle, which states that a system at equilibrium will respond to a stress in a way that counteracts the stress and restores equilibrium.

In this case, reducing the volume of the system increases the pressure, and the system responds by shifting in the direction that reduces the number of moles of gas to decrease the pressure.

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When you take your IR Spectra next week, what evidence would indicate that some unreacted camphor was still present in your isolated product ?

Answers

The presence of a peak in the IR spectrum corresponding to the carbonyl group of camphor would indicate the presence of unreacted camphor in the isolated product.

What is the evidence for unreacted camphor in isolated product during IR Spectra?

In IR Spectroscopy, the presence of unreacted camphor in the isolated product can be indicated by the characteristic peaks of camphor that are still present in the spectrum. These peaks could include the carbonyl stretch at around 1720-1750 [tex]cm^-^1[/tex], and the isopropyl methyl groups at around 1370-1390 [tex]cm^-^1[/tex].

If these peaks are present in the IR spectrum of the isolated product, it suggests that not all of the camphor was converted to the desired product. This information can be useful for determining the yield and purity of the product, and can also provide insights into the reaction mechanism and conditions.

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The rate of a reaction increases approximately eight times when the temperature is raised by 30 degrees

Answers

Increasing the temperature of a reaction by 30 degrees can lead to an eightfold increase in the reaction rate.

The rate of a chemical reaction is dependent on the temperature at which it occurs. As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the reactant molecules also increases, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions between them.

This increase in collisions leads to a higher probability of successful collisions resulting in a reaction, and hence an increase in the reaction rate.

The relationship between temperature and reaction rate is described by the Arrhenius equation, which states that for every 10-degree Celsius increase in temperature, the reaction rate approximately doubles. Therefore, a 30-degree Celsius increase can lead to an approximate eightfold increase in the reaction rate.

This principle is applied in many industrial processes that require high reaction rates, such as the production of plastics, fertilizers, and pharmaceuticals.

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dry oxygen gas is collected over water vapor at 0°C, and a partial pressure of the oxygen gas was found to have a pressure of 741mmHg what was the atmosphere pressure when the gas was collected

Answers

To find the atmospheric pressure, we need to add the pressure of the water vapor to the partial pressure of the oxygen gas.

At 0°C, the vapor pressure of water is 4.58 mmHg.

So, the total pressure of the gas mixture is:

P_total = P_oxygen + P_water vapor

P_total = 741 mmHg + 4.58 mmHg

P_total = 745.58 mmHg

Therefore, the atmospheric pressure when the gas was collected was 745.58 mmHg.

Molten MgCl2 is electrolyzed at a current of 4.81 amperes. How long does it take (in hours) to make 0.57 mole of Mg metal

Answers

Molten [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex] is electrolyzed at a current of 4.81 amperes. It takes approximately 2.85 hours to make 0.57 mole of Mg metal.

The balanced chemical equation for the electrolysis of [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex]  is:
[tex]MgCl_{2}_{(l)} >> Mg_{(l)}  + Cl_{2}_{(g)}[/tex]
From the equation, we can see that one mole of Mg is produced for every two moles of electrons transferred. Therefore, to produce 0.57 moles of Mg, we need to transfer 2 x 0.57 = 1.14 moles of electrons.
The amount of charge required to transfer 1 mole of electrons is known as the Faraday constant, which is approximately 96,500 C/mol. Therefore, the amount of charge required to transfer 1.14 moles of electrons is:
1.14 mol x 96,500 C/mol = 110,010 C
The current in the electrolysis is given as 4.81 A. We can use the formula:
charge (C) = current (A) x time (s)
to calculate the time required to transfer 110,010 C of charge:
time (s) = charge (C) / current (A) = 110,010 C / 4.81 A = 22,866 s
Finally, we convert the time from seconds to hours:
time (h) = 22,866 s / 3600 s/h = 6.35 h
Therefore, the main answer to your question is approximately 2.85 hours.
To produce 0.57 moles of Mg metal by electrolyzing molten  [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex] at a current of 4.81 amperes, it would take approximately 2.85 hours.

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Determine the average rate of change of B from =0 s to =212 s.
A⟶2B
Time (s) Concentration of A (M)
0 0.600
106 0.390
212 0.180
rateB=

Answers

The average rate of change of B from 0 s to 212 s is 0.000660 M/s. This is calculated by finding the difference in concentration of B over the time interval and dividing by the time elapsed.

To calculate the average rate of change of B, we need to first find the concentration of B at 0 s and 212 s. At 0 s, there is no B present so the concentration is 0 M. At 212 s, the concentration of B is twice the concentration of A, which is 0.180 M x 2 = 0.360 M.

The difference in concentration is 0.360 M - 0 M = 0.360 M. The time elapsed is 212 s - 0 s = 212 s. Dividing the difference in concentration by the time elapsed gives the average rate of change of B, which is 0.000660 M/s.

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